Abstract:This article surveys nearly 100 years of how British and Canadian Great War army chaplains were historicised through three distinct stages: the interwar decades, the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and a revisionist phase that began in the 1990s and continues. Postwar memoirs of numerous literary-minded British and Canadian veterans almost invariably characterised chaplains as hypocritical and irrelevant to the average soldier, doing more harm than good to the cause of organised religion. This and other war disillusionment motifs were taken up by the 1960s anti-war movement and sealed into public consciousness. The 1990s, however, witnessed the beginning of scholarly, revisionist efforts to disentangle history from literature and myth. The effort has produced a more balanced, complex, and interesting assessment of chaplain front-line performance, as revealed through the diverse testimony of soldiers from all socio-economic backgrounds, not just the educated literary class.Abstract:Cet article examine comment les aumôniers britanniques et canadiens de la Première Guerre mondiale ont été historicisés depuis près de cent ans, en distinguant trois étapes : les décennies de l'entre-deuxguerres, les mouvements de contre-culture des années 1960 et 1970 et une phase révisionniste des années 1990 à nos jours. Dans l'aprèsguerre, les mémoires de nombreux anciens combattants britanniques et canadiens lettrés dépeignaient presque toujours les aumôniers comme des personnes hypocrites et sans rapport avec le soldat ordinaire, qui ont fait plus de tort que de bien à la cause de la religion organisée. Le mouvement anti-guerre des années 1960 a repris ce motif et d'autres motifs de désillusion envers la guerre et les a ancrés dans la conscience publique. Les années 1990, cependant, ont été témoins des premiers efforts révisionnistes de chercheurs pour démêler l'histoire de la littérature et du mythe. Ces efforts ont produit une évaluation plus équilibrée, plus complexe et plus intéressante de l'action des aumôniers sur la première ligne, telle que révélée par les témoignages variés de soldats de tous horizons socio-économiques, et non seulement ceux de soldats instruits et amateurs de littérature.
摘要:本文考察了近100年来英国和加拿大二战期间军队牧师是如何通过三个不同的阶段被历史化的:两次世界大战之间的几十年，20世纪60年代和70年代的反文化运动，以及20世纪90年代开始并持续的修正主义阶段。许多有文学头脑的英国和加拿大退伍军人的战后回忆录几乎无一不将牧师描述为伪善，与普通士兵无关，对有组织的宗教事业弊大于利。这种和其他战争幻灭的主题被20世纪60年代的反战运动所接受，并被封存在公众意识中。然而，在20世纪90年代，学术界和修正主义者开始努力将历史与文学和神话分开。这一努力对前线牧师的表现做出了更平衡、更复杂、更有趣的评估，正如来自不同社会经济背景的士兵的不同证词所揭示的那样，而不仅仅是受过教育的文学阶层。摘要:本文考察了英国人与加拿大人之间的 premiires ire Guerre mondiale ont samures，历史上的samures deures，三个不同的samures:英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures，英国人与加拿大人之间的samures。英国人与加拿大人的交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换。一九六0年反薪金薪金运动代表了薪金薪金的基本原则，即薪金薪金的基本原则，薪金薪金的基本原则是薪金薪金的基本原则，薪金薪金的基本原则是薪金薪金的基本原则。Les annacimes 1990，独立的，not议定，议定，议定，议定，议定，议定，议定他的努力包括:单一的薪金薪金+平衡薪金薪金+复杂薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金+综合薪金薪金。
{"title":"Chaplains of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914–18: modern revisions on one hundred years of historiographical development","authors":"I. Baird","doi":"10.3828/BJCS.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BJCS.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article surveys nearly 100 years of how British and Canadian Great War army chaplains were historicised through three distinct stages: the interwar decades, the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and a revisionist phase that began in the 1990s and continues. Postwar memoirs of numerous literary-minded British and Canadian veterans almost invariably characterised chaplains as hypocritical and irrelevant to the average soldier, doing more harm than good to the cause of organised religion. This and other war disillusionment motifs were taken up by the 1960s anti-war movement and sealed into public consciousness. The 1990s, however, witnessed the beginning of scholarly, revisionist efforts to disentangle history from literature and myth. The effort has produced a more balanced, complex, and interesting assessment of chaplain front-line performance, as revealed through the diverse testimony of soldiers from all socio-economic backgrounds, not just the educated literary class.Abstract:Cet article examine comment les aumôniers britanniques et canadiens de la Première Guerre mondiale ont été historicisés depuis près de cent ans, en distinguant trois étapes : les décennies de l'entre-deuxguerres, les mouvements de contre-culture des années 1960 et 1970 et une phase révisionniste des années 1990 à nos jours. Dans l'aprèsguerre, les mémoires de nombreux anciens combattants britanniques et canadiens lettrés dépeignaient presque toujours les aumôniers comme des personnes hypocrites et sans rapport avec le soldat ordinaire, qui ont fait plus de tort que de bien à la cause de la religion organisée. Le mouvement anti-guerre des années 1960 a repris ce motif et d'autres motifs de désillusion envers la guerre et les a ancrés dans la conscience publique. Les années 1990, cependant, ont été témoins des premiers efforts révisionnistes de chercheurs pour démêler l'histoire de la littérature et du mythe. Ces efforts ont produit une évaluation plus équilibrée, plus complexe et plus intéressante de l'action des aumôniers sur la première ligne, telle que révélée par les témoignages variés de soldats de tous horizons socio-économiques, et non seulement ceux de soldats instruits et amateurs de littérature.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44066703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cedric May, québéciste et canadianiste: an introductory note","authors":"R. Killick","doi":"10.3828/BJCS.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BJCS.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the first part of this article, I argue that Alice Munro, in her early career, was disadvantaged by her gender, by her Canadianness, and by her commitment to short fiction. She has overcome most of the obstacles and prejudices she faced in the 1950s and 1960s, and is regarded as one of the world's finest contemporary writers. In the latter part of my article, I discuss the distinctive qualities of her narrative art, maintaining that they have become Munrovian hallmarks and are enhanced in her chosen form, the short story.
{"title":"'\"Gender, genre and nationality\"': Alice Munro's forging of her short story way","authors":"Isla J. Duncan","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the first part of this article, I argue that Alice Munro, in her early career, was disadvantaged by her gender, by her Canadianness, and by her commitment to short fiction. She has overcome most of the obstacles and prejudices she faced in the 1950s and 1960s, and is regarded as one of the world's finest contemporary writers. In the latter part of my article, I discuss the distinctive qualities of her narrative art, maintaining that they have become Munrovian hallmarks and are enhanced in her chosen form, the short story.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.3138/9781442619326-002
C. Denis
{"title":"Borderline Canadianness: Border Crossings and Everyday Nationalism in Niagara by Jane Helleiner (review)","authors":"C. Denis","doi":"10.3138/9781442619326-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442619326-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/9781442619326-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article addresses the usage, knowledge, and perception of Anglicisms by the younger generation of Quebecers, namely undergraduate French-speaking students in arts, humanities, and social sciences. We compare the level of knowledge and usage of French equivalents for Anglicisms in students who discourage the usage of English in Quebec versus those who do not. A survey of more than 600 students, and descriptive and inferential statistics, reveal that Quebec students who think English borrowings should be avoided are somewhat more likely to know a French equivalent for one or more of the five English integral or hybrid borrowings 'fun', 'look' (noun), 'coach', 'condo' and 'performer' (verb), and use some of these expressions less frequently. However, we also find that students who discourage the usage of English still have limited knowledge of the French equivalent and use the English borrowing quite frequently.
{"title":"Anglicisms, French equivalents, and language attitudes among Quebec undergraduates","authors":"Cécile Planchon, Daniel Stockemer","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article addresses the usage, knowledge, and perception of Anglicisms by the younger generation of Quebecers, namely undergraduate French-speaking students in arts, humanities, and social sciences. We compare the level of knowledge and usage of French equivalents for Anglicisms in students who discourage the usage of English in Quebec versus those who do not. A survey of more than 600 students, and descriptive and inferential statistics, reveal that Quebec students who think English borrowings should be avoided are somewhat more likely to know a French equivalent for one or more of the five English integral or hybrid borrowings 'fun', 'look' (noun), 'coach', 'condo' and 'performer' (verb), and use some of these expressions less frequently. However, we also find that students who discourage the usage of English still have limited knowledge of the French equivalent and use the English borrowing quite frequently.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45562233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article argues that a popular Winnie-the-Bear statue operates within the framework of family to 'tame' the anxieties around settler colonialism. The ostensibly benign motives for taming that the statue condones align with and consolidate those offered in dominant discourses around bear capture, taming, and captivity in Canadian spaces of human/bear encounter. In keeping with such a project, the statue works to calm any discomfort visitors might feel about actual bear docility and captivity, particularly as these apply to the polar bears in the park's adjacent zoo and the tranquilised black bears that are occasionally spotted in residential areas. By extension, the statue opens up questions of taming and subservience in the authority structures that undergird the creation and maintenance of the Canadian nation state where docile, disempowered bodies have constituted and continue to constitute the desirable colonised subject in a settler-colonial society.
{"title":"Taming Settler Colonialism: The Statue of Lieutenant Harry Colebourn and Winnie-the-Bear","authors":"Tracy Whalen","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that a popular Winnie-the-Bear statue operates within the framework of family to 'tame' the anxieties around settler colonialism. The ostensibly benign motives for taming that the statue condones align with and consolidate those offered in dominant discourses around bear capture, taming, and captivity in Canadian spaces of human/bear encounter. In keeping with such a project, the statue works to calm any discomfort visitors might feel about actual bear docility and captivity, particularly as these apply to the polar bears in the park's adjacent zoo and the tranquilised black bears that are occasionally spotted in residential areas. By extension, the statue opens up questions of taming and subservience in the authority structures that undergird the creation and maintenance of the Canadian nation state where docile, disempowered bodies have constituted and continue to constitute the desirable colonised subject in a settler-colonial society.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41325117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Thinking through Margaret Atwood's 1981 novel Bodily Harm and the 1992 Supreme Court of Canada case R v Butler, this article examines a Canadian discussion about the excessiveness of the freedom of expression to which obscenity has been key. For Atwood, expression is central to Bodily Harm's narrative of personal, political revelation. Yet it is also at the root of a discourse of harm that Atwood elucidates throughout the novel as she incorporates pornography into an expansive analogic continuity of violence. In Butler, the Supreme Court curtails obscenity in the name of equality and collective well-being, even as it continues to view expression as a valuable individual freedom and a national good. In each text freedom of expression both is and is not safeguarded; in each, the freedom can be conceived of and celebrated, but its excessive possibilities must also be contained.
{"title":"Analogies of Harm: Excess, Expression, and Obscenity in Margaret Atwood's Bodily Harm and the Supreme Court of Canada Decision R v Butler","authors":"Benjamin Authers","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Thinking through Margaret Atwood's 1981 novel Bodily Harm and the 1992 Supreme Court of Canada case R v Butler, this article examines a Canadian discussion about the excessiveness of the freedom of expression to which obscenity has been key. For Atwood, expression is central to Bodily Harm's narrative of personal, political revelation. Yet it is also at the root of a discourse of harm that Atwood elucidates throughout the novel as she incorporates pornography into an expansive analogic continuity of violence. In Butler, the Supreme Court curtails obscenity in the name of equality and collective well-being, even as it continues to view expression as a valuable individual freedom and a national good. In each text freedom of expression both is and is not safeguarded; in each, the freedom can be conceived of and celebrated, but its excessive possibilities must also be contained.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Scholarly focus on British representatives in nineteenth-century Canada has often seen them as enforcers of a hegemonic English ethnic nationalism. This article challenges that view by showing that Lady Aberdeen, the wife of the seventh Governor General, and well known as an early feminist, was also a consistent advocate of a more pluralistic civic nationalism that supported minority religious, ethnic, and linguistic rights in Canada. It shows that her establishment of the Victorian Order of Nurses and Canada's branch of the National Organisation of Women, along with many of her activities in partnership with her husband, were shaped by her beliefs about religious and ethnic co-existence as well as her feminism and anti-Americanism. In doing so it connects acceptance of diversity with longer-term trends in British governance: Lady Aberdeen's approach to cultural and religious diversity within women's organisations was an important precursor of official multiculturalism in Canada.
{"title":"Lady Aberdeen and the British origins of multiculturalism in Canada","authors":"Amy Shaw, Andrew D Smith","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Scholarly focus on British representatives in nineteenth-century Canada has often seen them as enforcers of a hegemonic English ethnic nationalism. This article challenges that view by showing that Lady Aberdeen, the wife of the seventh Governor General, and well known as an early feminist, was also a consistent advocate of a more pluralistic civic nationalism that supported minority religious, ethnic, and linguistic rights in Canada. It shows that her establishment of the Victorian Order of Nurses and Canada's branch of the National Organisation of Women, along with many of her activities in partnership with her husband, were shaped by her beliefs about religious and ethnic co-existence as well as her feminism and anti-Americanism. In doing so it connects acceptance of diversity with longer-term trends in British governance: Lady Aberdeen's approach to cultural and religious diversity within women's organisations was an important precursor of official multiculturalism in Canada.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In Carol Shields's Künstlerroman Unless, protagonist Reta Winters revisits, in her narrative, her private home in suburbia and the public spaces of Toronto. These sites help her ponder the role of space and ultimately her own role as a writer in redefining the nation. Reta's home emblematises an incompletely revised Canada. Privatisation of space, suburbanisation, and consumerism, as well as her self-absorption in her relatively privileged position as a woman writer, perpetuate selfishness and fear of (other forms of) alterity. Reta must widen her scope of interest as a writer of difference and reconsider public space, a site of different ethnic and class identities, as a model for the diverse nation.
{"title":"Public Space as Inspiration for the Writer: Writing the Diverse Nation and the Threat of Privatisation in Carol Shields's Unless","authors":"Esra Melikoğlu","doi":"10.3828/bjcs.2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Carol Shields's Künstlerroman Unless, protagonist Reta Winters revisits, in her narrative, her private home in suburbia and the public spaces of Toronto. These sites help her ponder the role of space and ultimately her own role as a writer in redefining the nation. Reta's home emblematises an incompletely revised Canada. Privatisation of space, suburbanisation, and consumerism, as well as her self-absorption in her relatively privileged position as a woman writer, perpetuate selfishness and fear of (other forms of) alterity. Reta must widen her scope of interest as a writer of difference and reconsider public space, a site of different ethnic and class identities, as a model for the diverse nation.","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minority Languages, National Languages, and Official Language Policies ed. by Gillian Lane-Mercier, Denise Merkle, and Jane Koustas (review)","authors":"Stuart S. Dunmore","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv941x3t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv941x3t","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41591,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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