W. Schneider, Martin Šemelík, Kateřina Šichová, A. Joyeux, Mariann Skog-Södersved, Lei Chunyi, Antje Heine, Koenraad Kuiper, A. Fras
{"title":"Book reviews","authors":"W. Schneider, Martin Šemelík, Kateřina Šichová, A. Joyeux, Mariann Skog-Södersved, Lei Chunyi, Antje Heine, Koenraad Kuiper, A. Fras","doi":"10.1515/phras-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2018-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48803004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.1515/phras-2018-frontmatter1
Annelies Häcki Buhofer, J. Colson, A. Sabban, Kathrin Steyer, Antonio Pamies-Bertrán
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"Annelies Häcki Buhofer, J. Colson, A. Sabban, Kathrin Steyer, Antonio Pamies-Bertrán","doi":"10.1515/phras-2018-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2018-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2018-frontmatter1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Variant forms of idioms have been extracted from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis, which proposes a dependence relation between the degree of idiom decomposability and the extent to which expressions are variable. The more decomposable the idiom is, the more flexibility it is expected to exhibit. In this second part of the study, morphological flexibility (number and determiner) as well as lexico- syntactic flexibility (the addition of various pre- and postmodifiers) of the noun have been assessed and related to three decomposability rankings. The results provide some support for the hypothesis. Of the individual flexibility dimensions, only number variation has been found to be significantly dependent on scalar decomposability. Of the overall measures, noun morphology and overall noun variation are significantly correlated. The relation between overall modifier variation and scalar decomposability is close to statistical significance, although premodifier and postmodifier variations taken separately do not show any dependence. None of the variation measures appear to be related to categorical decomposability.
{"title":"Idiom variation and decomposability Part II: Variation in the noun phrase","authors":"Attila Cserép","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variant forms of idioms have been extracted from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis, which proposes a dependence relation between the degree of idiom decomposability and the extent to which expressions are variable. The more decomposable the idiom is, the more flexibility it is expected to exhibit. In this second part of the study, morphological flexibility (number and determiner) as well as lexico- syntactic flexibility (the addition of various pre- and postmodifiers) of the noun have been assessed and related to three decomposability rankings. The results provide some support for the hypothesis. Of the individual flexibility dimensions, only number variation has been found to be significantly dependent on scalar decomposability. Of the overall measures, noun morphology and overall noun variation are significantly correlated. The relation between overall modifier variation and scalar decomposability is close to statistical significance, although premodifier and postmodifier variations taken separately do not show any dependence. None of the variation measures appear to be related to categorical decomposability.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents a group of phraseological units which are similar to compounds in respect to structure, semantics and cognitive aspects. Terms such as Kap der guten Hoffnung (‘Cape of Good Hope’), Dreißigjähriger Krieg (‘Thirty Years’ War’), rechter Winkel (‘right angle’) and erste Hilfe (‘first aid’) are often considered to be problematic. These so-called Wortgruppenlexeme (WGL, multiword lexemes, phrasal lexical units) can be seen as lexemes consisting of two or more orthographically separate words. They form a syntactic and semantic unit, are motivated, and more or less free of connotations. They are relatively fixed, except for inflection. Many of them are phrasal names or clearly defined terms. Like compounds they are bases of shortening. In some variants of German they are extremely frequent and productive. Analyses of data collections show a relatively high percentage of WGL in languages for special purposes. They constitute 20% or even more than a third of the lexicon, considering repertory as well as neologisms. Thus, WGL are a systematic and productive way to coin new words analogously to compounds, but in contrast to all other types of phraseological units. To summarize, there are several reasons to posit WGL next to compounding and to see them as lexemes. Accordingly, they should be considered as analytical word formations. In this article we plead for the treatment of WGL in German word formation.
摘要本文提出了一组在结构、语义和认知方面与化合物相似的短语单位。诸如Kap der guten Hoffnung（“美好希望的斗篷”）、Dreißigjähriger Krieg（“四年战争”）、rechter Winkel（“直角”）和erste Hilfe（“急救”）等术语通常被认为是有问题的。这些所谓的Wortgruppenlexeme（WGL，多词词汇，短语词汇单元）可以被视为由两个或多个正交分离的单词组成的词汇。它们形成了一个句法和语义单元，是有动机的，或多或少没有内涵。它们是相对固定的，除了拐点。其中许多是短语名称或定义明确的术语。和化合物一样，它们也是起酥油的基础。在德语的某些变体中，它们极其频繁且富有成效。对数据收集的分析显示，工作组语言中用于特殊目的的比例相对较高。考虑到剧目和新词，它们占词典的20%，甚至超过三分之一。因此，WGL是一种系统而富有成效的创造新词的方式，类似于复合词，但与所有其他类型的短语单位形成对比。总之，有几个理由将WGL放在复合词旁边，并将其视为词元。因此，它们应被视为分析性的词语构成。在这篇文章中，我们呼吁在德语造词中处理WGL。
{"title":"Wortgruppenlexeme zwischen Wortbildung und Phraseologie","authors":"H. Elsen","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a group of phraseological units which are similar to compounds in respect to structure, semantics and cognitive aspects. Terms such as Kap der guten Hoffnung (‘Cape of Good Hope’), Dreißigjähriger Krieg (‘Thirty Years’ War’), rechter Winkel (‘right angle’) and erste Hilfe (‘first aid’) are often considered to be problematic. These so-called Wortgruppenlexeme (WGL, multiword lexemes, phrasal lexical units) can be seen as lexemes consisting of two or more orthographically separate words. They form a syntactic and semantic unit, are motivated, and more or less free of connotations. They are relatively fixed, except for inflection. Many of them are phrasal names or clearly defined terms. Like compounds they are bases of shortening. In some variants of German they are extremely frequent and productive. Analyses of data collections show a relatively high percentage of WGL in languages for special purposes. They constitute 20% or even more than a third of the lexicon, considering repertory as well as neologisms. Thus, WGL are a systematic and productive way to coin new words analogously to compounds, but in contrast to all other types of phraseological units. To summarize, there are several reasons to posit WGL next to compounding and to see them as lexemes. Accordingly, they should be considered as analytical word formations. In this article we plead for the treatment of WGL in German word formation.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47021126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The starting point of this paper is a particular idiom category. It deals with idioms that contain determinative compounds of a special kind. The first element of the compound points to the figurative meaning of the idiom, while the second element is a part of the source concept of the metaphor and thus interacts with the literal meaning. An appropriate apparatus for describing idioms of this category is provided by the Conceptual Blending Theory. It is shown that, apart from metaphorization processes, the blending of mental spaces plays a significant part in bringing about the figurative meaning of the idioms. At the same time, the paper supports the recently discussed hypothesis that phrasemes can be constructed according to certain patterns as recurrent form-meaning pairs. Therefore, the paper contributes to Construction Grammar as well as to Blending Theory and clarifies some aspects of idiom semantics and motivation.
{"title":"Konstruktionspatterns in der Idiomatik und ihre kognitiven Grundlagen","authors":"Dmitrij Dobrovol’skij, Elizabeth Piirainen","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The starting point of this paper is a particular idiom category. It deals with idioms that contain determinative compounds of a special kind. The first element of the compound points to the figurative meaning of the idiom, while the second element is a part of the source concept of the metaphor and thus interacts with the literal meaning. An appropriate apparatus for describing idioms of this category is provided by the Conceptual Blending Theory. It is shown that, apart from metaphorization processes, the blending of mental spaces plays a significant part in bringing about the figurative meaning of the idioms. At the same time, the paper supports the recently discussed hypothesis that phrasemes can be constructed according to certain patterns as recurrent form-meaning pairs. Therefore, the paper contributes to Construction Grammar as well as to Blending Theory and clarifies some aspects of idiom semantics and motivation.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Variant forms of idioms have been retrieved from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis. The central claim of the hypothesis concerns the relationship between the degree of decomposability and the flexibility of idiomatic expressions: the more decomposable the idiom is, the more variable it is assumed to be. While Part I of the study is concerned with variation in the verb, Part II focuses on operations in the noun phrase constituent of the idiom. Part I compares flexibility data based on syntactic alternations pertaining to the expression as a whole and morphological variations of the verb (number, person, tense, aspect, mood, voice, negation) with one categorical and two scalar decomposability rankings. For the vast majority of verb-related variations, flexibility is not correlated with decomposability. The morphological category of voice has been found dependent on categorical decomposability, but it is not the highest decomposability class that exhibits the highest degree of variability.
{"title":"Idiom variation and decomposability Part I: Verbal variation","authors":"Attila Cserép","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variant forms of idioms have been retrieved from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis. The central claim of the hypothesis concerns the relationship between the degree of decomposability and the flexibility of idiomatic expressions: the more decomposable the idiom is, the more variable it is assumed to be. While Part I of the study is concerned with variation in the verb, Part II focuses on operations in the noun phrase constituent of the idiom. Part I compares flexibility data based on syntactic alternations pertaining to the expression as a whole and morphological variations of the verb (number, person, tense, aspect, mood, voice, negation) with one categorical and two scalar decomposability rankings. For the vast majority of verb-related variations, flexibility is not correlated with decomposability. The morphological category of voice has been found dependent on categorical decomposability, but it is not the highest decomposability class that exhibits the highest degree of variability.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Balázsi, José-Manuel Pazos Bretaña, C. Pfeiffer, Elena Berthemet, José-Manuel Pazos Bretaña, Natalia Filatkina, Joanna Szerszunowicz, M. A. Ariza
Originally delivered as the Joanna Jackson Goldman Memorial Lectures at New York Public Library, the essays in this slim volume offer some historical perspective on American national security policy following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, which John Gaddis rightly calls “a national identity crisis” (p. 10) as well as a challenge to regnant security doctrines. Surprise, Security, and the American Experience is a characteristically judicious and thought-provoking book from a distinguished historian of American diplomacy, though, because of its provenance and format, its necessarily skeletal argument is often more suggestive than conclusive and is occasionally misleading. Gaddis’s central thesis is that “for the United States, safety comes from enlarging, rather than from contracting, its sphere of responsibilities” (p. 13). He perhaps too ambitiously attempts to explain almost all of America’s diplomatic history in terms of that doctrine. He traces the origins of the doctrine to another “surprise” attack, the British burning of the Capitol and the White House on 24 August 1814. The principal architect of the doctrine, says Gaddis, was Secretary of State (and later President) John Quincy Adams, whose methods were simple: preemption, unilateralism, and hegemony. On each of these counts, so the argument goes, another son of a former president, George W. Bush, has simply reclaimed the tradition of Adams, “the most inouential American grand strategist of the nineteenth century” (p. 15). Preemption “sounds new only because it’s old: It’s a nineteenth-century concept, rooted in concerns about security along the nation’s expanding borders” (p. 86), especially the problems posed by pirates, marauding Indians, foreign plotters, and the vulnerable “derelict” regimes (what today would be called “failed states”) in places like Florida, Texas, and California that gave them shelter. Modeled on Adams’s advice to President James Monroe to abjure Britain’s offer of collaboration and proclaim the Monroe Doctrine as a singularly American precept, Bush’s unilateralism in Iraq and elsewhere thus “reoects a return to an old position, not the emergence of a new one” (p. 26). As for hegemony, Gaddis claims that Adams, who meant for the United States to dominate the Western Hemisphere, would have found entirely congenial President Bush’s pronouncement at West Point in 2002 that “America has, and intends to keep, military strengths beyond challenge” (p. 30).
{"title":"Book reviews","authors":"J. Balázsi, José-Manuel Pazos Bretaña, C. Pfeiffer, Elena Berthemet, José-Manuel Pazos Bretaña, Natalia Filatkina, Joanna Szerszunowicz, M. A. Ariza","doi":"10.1515/phras-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Originally delivered as the Joanna Jackson Goldman Memorial Lectures at New York Public Library, the essays in this slim volume offer some historical perspective on American national security policy following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, which John Gaddis rightly calls “a national identity crisis” (p. 10) as well as a challenge to regnant security doctrines. Surprise, Security, and the American Experience is a characteristically judicious and thought-provoking book from a distinguished historian of American diplomacy, though, because of its provenance and format, its necessarily skeletal argument is often more suggestive than conclusive and is occasionally misleading. Gaddis’s central thesis is that “for the United States, safety comes from enlarging, rather than from contracting, its sphere of responsibilities” (p. 13). He perhaps too ambitiously attempts to explain almost all of America’s diplomatic history in terms of that doctrine. He traces the origins of the doctrine to another “surprise” attack, the British burning of the Capitol and the White House on 24 August 1814. The principal architect of the doctrine, says Gaddis, was Secretary of State (and later President) John Quincy Adams, whose methods were simple: preemption, unilateralism, and hegemony. On each of these counts, so the argument goes, another son of a former president, George W. Bush, has simply reclaimed the tradition of Adams, “the most inouential American grand strategist of the nineteenth century” (p. 15). Preemption “sounds new only because it’s old: It’s a nineteenth-century concept, rooted in concerns about security along the nation’s expanding borders” (p. 86), especially the problems posed by pirates, marauding Indians, foreign plotters, and the vulnerable “derelict” regimes (what today would be called “failed states”) in places like Florida, Texas, and California that gave them shelter. Modeled on Adams’s advice to President James Monroe to abjure Britain’s offer of collaboration and proclaim the Monroe Doctrine as a singularly American precept, Bush’s unilateralism in Iraq and elsewhere thus “reoects a return to an old position, not the emergence of a new one” (p. 26). As for hegemony, Gaddis claims that Adams, who meant for the United States to dominate the Western Hemisphere, would have found entirely congenial President Bush’s pronouncement at West Point in 2002 that “America has, and intends to keep, military strengths beyond challenge” (p. 30).","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2017-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45508342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Following the tradition of embodiment hypothesis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the current research article aims to explore metaphorical concepts of happiness in Hindi phraseological expressions. The embodiment hypothesis postulates that phraseological expressions, especially idioms, are not the frozen building blocks of a language, but motivated linguistic bundles, which encode and reflect the physical and socio-cultural experience of a given linguistic community (see Gibbs 1993). In this regard, this article not only proposes the metaphorical instances of motivated Hindi phraseological expressions but also highlights the underlying socio-cultural particularities. This article is expected to contribute to international phraseological research given that Hindi language, particularly Hindi phraseology, has hardly been taken into consideration to validate or refute the postulates of embodiment hypothesis in connection with the conceptualization of emotional concepts.
{"title":"Happiness and metaphors: a perspective from Hindi phraseology","authors":"S. Sharma","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Following the tradition of embodiment hypothesis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the current research article aims to explore metaphorical concepts of happiness in Hindi phraseological expressions. The embodiment hypothesis postulates that phraseological expressions, especially idioms, are not the frozen building blocks of a language, but motivated linguistic bundles, which encode and reflect the physical and socio-cultural experience of a given linguistic community (see Gibbs 1993). In this regard, this article not only proposes the metaphorical instances of motivated Hindi phraseological expressions but also highlights the underlying socio-cultural particularities. This article is expected to contribute to international phraseological research given that Hindi language, particularly Hindi phraseology, has hardly been taken into consideration to validate or refute the postulates of embodiment hypothesis in connection with the conceptualization of emotional concepts.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2017-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45239169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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