Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews最新文献_第5页

Hydrogen as a sustainable transportation fuel 氢作为一种可持续的交通燃料

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115725

T.J. Wallington , M. Woody , G.M. Lewis , G.A. Keoleian , E.J. Adler , J.R.R.A. Martins , M.D. Collette

This review examines the potential direct and indirect (synthetic fuels) uses of hydrogen in road, rail, air, and marine transportation. Key physical properties of hydrogen (e.g., energy density) are presented and contrasted against conventional fuels. The costs and emissions of current and future hydrogen production methods are characterized, and the challenges of transporting, storing, distributing, and dispensing hydrogen are highlighted. The sustainability of hydrogen use is evaluated in terms of CO₂ and other air pollutant emissions, energy efficiency and intensity, critical material use, and water consumption.

Electrification is much more energy efficient than using hydrogen in transportation. Hydrogen should be used strategically where electrification is impractical due to range, refueling times, or energy storage requirements. Electrification is already well advanced, making hydrogen unlikely to play a significant role in the light-duty road sector. Hydrogen can play a role in long-distance rail and heavy-duty road transportation, where electrification is problematic. Electrification is impractical for deep ocean shipping and aviation due to volume and weight constraints (except for ranges below approximately 200 miles). Hydrogen can be used, either directly or indirectly (in e-fuels), to fully decarbonize these sectors. Currently, the high costs of clean hydrogen production, storage, and distribution make it prohibitive for transportation. Major reductions in these hydrogen infrastructure costs, the cost of e-fuel synthesis, or both are needed to make hydrogen competitive with other fuel options. Strong policy measures such as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act are funding R&D and technology demonstration to support this goal.

本文综述了氢在公路、铁路、航空和海洋运输中的潜在直接和间接（合成燃料）用途。介绍了氢的主要物理性质（如能量密度），并与传统燃料进行了对比。介绍了当前和未来氢气生产方法的成本和排放，并强调了运输、储存、分配和分配氢气的挑战。氢利用的可持续性是根据二氧化碳和其他空气污染物排放、能源效率和强度、关键材料使用和水消耗来评估的。电气化比在交通运输中使用氢要节能得多。在由于行驶里程、加油时间或能量储存要求而无法实现电气化的地方，应该战略性地使用氢。电气化已经非常先进，这使得氢不太可能在轻型公路领域发挥重要作用。氢气可以在电气化存在问题的长途铁路和重型公路运输中发挥作用。由于体积和重量的限制，电气化对于深海航运和航空来说是不切实际的（除了大约200英里以下的航程）。氢可以直接或间接（在电子燃料中）使用，以使这些部门完全脱碳。目前，清洁氢的生产、储存和分配的高成本使其难以运输。要使氢与其他燃料具有竞争力，需要大幅降低这些氢基础设施成本、电子燃料合成成本或两者兼而有之。强有力的政策措施，如《两党基础设施法》和《减少通货膨胀法》，正在为研发和技术示范提供资金，以支持这一目标。

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引用次数: 0

Adjustable flow ejectors: research status and development trends 可调流量喷射器：研究现状和发展趋势

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115722

Chao Li , Jianqin Fu , Wenshuai Que , Wenjun Guo

Ejectors serve as crucial components in circulation systems within various industrial applications. Traditional ejectors featuring fixed structures exhibit limited adaptability to operating conditions, thereby restricting the system's performance. In response, adjustable flow ejectors (AFEs), featuring adjustable structures or supplementary nozzles, have been developed. However, the research landscape of AFEs is characterized by cross-domain technology diffusion, resulting in fragmented technological pathways that significantly hinder their rapid advancement. This study utilizes bibliometric methods to delve into the structural attributes, optimization and control strategies, and diverse application requirements of AFEs. Furthermore, this paper highlights the strengths and constraints, identifies current technological bottlenecks, and outlines future development directions, thereby fostering innovation and progress in AFE technology.

喷射器是各种工业应用中循环系统的关键部件。传统的固定结构喷射器对工作条件的适应性有限，从而限制了系统的性能。为此，开发了具有可调节结构或辅助喷嘴的可调喷射器（AFEs）。然而，AFEs的研究格局呈现出跨领域技术扩散的特征，导致技术路径碎片化，严重阻碍了其快速发展。本研究运用文献计量学的方法，深入探讨了自动驾驶汽车的结构属性、优化与控制策略以及不同的应用需求。此外，本文强调了AFE技术的优势和制约因素，确定了当前的技术瓶颈，并概述了未来的发展方向，从而促进了AFE技术的创新和进步。

引用次数: 0

Low-voltage ride-through capability improvement in autonomous AC microgrids: A review of existing control approaches 自主交流微电网低压穿越能力的改进：现有控制方法的回顾

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115748

Zahra Dehghani Arani , Seyed Abbas Taher , Josep M. Guerrero

In autonomous AC microgrids under short-circuit fault or overload conditions, the semiconductor switches of grid-forming inverter-based distributed energy resources are subject to serious damage due to the overcurrent issue caused by these low-voltage phenomena. Limiting the current of the grid-forming inverter at the primary level control structure and as a result, improving the low-voltage ride-through capability of the isolated microgrid is more desirable than using hardware protection equipment. The current limiting capability has been implemented for single-loop control structure to protect the inverter under overload conditions. The existing methods for limiting the current of grid-forming inverter during fault conditions, which are often implemented by considering two inner loops of current and voltage control, can be considered in three general categories: 1) limiting the reference current derived from the voltage controller, 2) changing the reference voltage obtained from the power-sharing loop by utilizing the concept of virtual impedance, and 3) changing the inverter's control structure. In fact, besides the current limiting strategy, other parts of the multi-loop control system could be efficient in the low-voltage ride-through operation. The effects of the reference frame of the control system for the independent control of the phases, the power-sharing method in autonomous microgrids including three-phase and single-phase grid-forming inverter-based distributed energy resources, and preventing voltage distortion when restricting the inverter current under voltage drop conditions are critical issues that are discussed in the literature review presented in this paper.

在发生短路故障或过载的自治交流微电网中，由于这些低压现象导致过流问题，基于成网逆变器的分布式能源的半导体开关受到严重损坏。在一级控制结构上限制成网逆变器的电流，从而提高隔离微电网的低压穿越能力比使用硬件保护设备更可取。在单回路控制结构中实现限流能力，以保护逆变器在过载情况下的安全。现有的成网逆变器故障时限流方法通常考虑电流和电压控制的两个内环，一般可分为三类：1)限制电压控制器导出的参考电流；2)利用虚拟阻抗的概念改变功率共享环获得的参考电压；3)改变逆变器的控制结构。事实上，除了限流策略外，多环控制系统的其他部分在低压穿越运行中也是有效的。控制系统参照系对相位独立控制的影响、基于三相和单相并网逆变器分布式能源的自治微电网的功率共享方法、在电压降条件下限制逆变器电流时防止电压畸变是本文文献综述中讨论的关键问题。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive look into the sustainability of wind power 全面考察风能的可持续性

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115694

Satyajit Das Karmakar , Himadri Chattopadhyay

While the idea of sustainability has caught the attention of public, planners and technologists in a big way, assessment of sustainability is not a straightforward matter. There are just a few works covering all aspects of sustainability in wind energy conversion technology. As three main pillars of sustainability are economic, environmental and social aspect, this review tries to summarize all three aspects of sustainability for wind turbine energy in a comprehensive manner. From the vast body of published literature, data has been collected and presented for economics and environmental performance of wind power vis-à-vis conventional power generation. It is observed that greenhouse gas emissions, water requirement and environmental index potential are indeed in the lower band for wind power among all energy resources. Despite replacing fossil fuel and thereby reducing carbon footprint for power generation, there are several negative sides for the wind power. The issues include handling large volume of waste, effect on biodiversity and human health and effect on human settlement. While no general methodology for evaluation of overall sustainability is presented herein, the focus is to compile the issues extensively so that an appreciation of the performance of wind energy in terms of sustainability can be realized.

虽然可持续发展的概念已经引起了公众、规划人员和技术人员的广泛关注，但对可持续发展的评估并不是一件简单的事情。在风能转换技术中，涵盖可持续性的各个方面的工作很少。由于可持续性的三大支柱是经济、环境和社会方面，本文试图综合总结风力发电可持续性的三个方面。从大量已发表的文献中，收集并提出了风力发电与-à-vis传统发电相比的经济和环境性能的数据。可以看出，风电的温室气体排放、需水量和环境指标潜力在所有能源中确实处于较低水平。尽管风能取代了化石燃料，从而减少了发电的碳足迹，但它也有一些负面影响。这些问题包括处理大量废物、对生物多样性和人类健康的影响以及对人类住区的影响。虽然本文没有提出评价整体可持续性的一般方法，但重点是广泛地汇编这些问题，以便在可持续性方面能够实现对风能性能的评价。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on application of scrap tire rubber for sustainable thermal insulation material in civil engineering 废轮胎橡胶在土木工程可持续保温材料中的应用综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115727

Yu-Ling Yang , Tao Zhang , Yang Chen , Cai-Jin Wang , Guo-Jun Cai

Due to the increasing concerns on renewable energy exploration and sustainable construction development, the recycling of solid wastes had become a widespread practice globally. Combined utilization of scrap tire rubber with soil or other geomaterials for developing thermal insulation material in civil engineering was being considered as one of the viable answers to the rapid accumulation of these scrap tire stockpiles in an environmentally friendly way. To achieve the successful large-scale application of scrap rubber tires as insulation material in infrastructure construction, this paper summarized the classification systems, the physicochemical properties, and the environmental impacts of varied types of scrap tire rubber reported in the latest literature and reviewed the state of the art of thermal conduction behaviors of rubber-soil composites. The findings indicated that the physicochemical properties of scrap tire rubber differed according to tire type, production technology, and rubber particle morphology, which should be clearly checked before field application. A unified classification system and a standardized pre-treatment process of scrap rubber tires were probably helpful to promote wider regulatory acceptance. Small rubber particles exhibited superior capacity in enhancing insulation, but large ones may be more suitable for field application due to their lower manufacturing cost. Particle contact mechanics was one of the key points to explore the thermal conduction mechanism of rubber-soil composite. Rubber/soil particle morphology description and calculation time optimization were two challenges in numerical computation, which could be expected to be solved with the assistance of artificial intelligence techniques. The coupled effects of stress and temperature on thermal conduction of composite were recommended to be further investigated with anticipation of achieving more theoretical breakthroughs. The multi-material hybrid approach would be one of the feasible ways to further enhance insulation efficiency of such rubber-based composites.

随着人们对可再生能源开发和可持续建筑发展的日益关注，固体废物的资源化利用已成为全球范围内的普遍做法。废旧轮胎橡胶与土壤或其他土工材料的联合利用被认为是解决这些废旧轮胎库存迅速积累的可行办法之一。为实现废旧轮胎橡胶作为基础设施保温材料的成功大规模应用，本文综述了近年来文献报道的各类废旧轮胎橡胶的分类体系、理化性质及对环境的影响，并对橡胶-土复合材料导热性能的研究进展进行了综述。研究结果表明，废轮胎橡胶的理化性能因轮胎类型、生产工艺和橡胶颗粒形态的不同而不同，在现场使用前应明确检查。统一的分类制度和标准化的废轮胎前处理过程可能有助于促进更广泛的监管接受。小的橡胶颗粒在增强绝缘方面表现出较好的能力，但由于制造成本较低，大的橡胶颗粒可能更适合于现场应用。颗粒接触力学是探讨橡胶-土复合材料热传导机理的关键之一。橡胶/土壤颗粒形态描述和计算时间优化是数值计算中的两大难题，人工智能技术有望解决这一问题。建议进一步研究应力和温度对复合材料热传导的耦合效应，以期取得更多的理论突破。多材料混合是进一步提高橡胶基复合材料保温效率的可行途径之一。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing the power of nano-adsorbents for sustainable ammonia economy 利用纳米吸附剂的力量实现可持续氨经济

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115718

Bing-zhi Yuan , Li-wei Wang

Ammonia (NH₃) is a promising candidate in the energy revolution. However, its production involves energy-intensive NH₃ separation, and its application faces challenges due to leakage risks, storage pressure and toxicity. Adsorption science can address these challenges towards a more sustainable ammonia economy. Specially designed nano-adsorbents can efficiently separate or capture NH₃, reducing energy consumption in production processes. Utilizing nano-adsorbents for NH₃ storage enables significant vapor pressure reduction, allowing efficient and safe storage in public infrastructures. The synergistic integration of adsorption-desorption processes with a comprehensive energy utilization strategy unlocks the potential of refrigeration, heat pumps, and energy storage in the ammonia economy, thereby fostering a sustainable and efficient energy system. In this Review, we survey the adsorption mechanisms and design strategies of emerging NH₃ nano-adsorbents, and propose general principles for NH₃ adsorbent design. We envision future applications of adsorption-assisted ammonia energy system and investigate the implementation guidelines for these design strategies in different application scenarios.

氨（NH3）在能源革命中是一个很有前途的候选者。然而，它的生产涉及能源密集型的NH3分离，其应用面临着泄漏风险、储存压力和毒性等挑战。吸附科学可以解决这些挑战，实现更可持续的氨经济。特别设计的纳米吸附剂可以有效地分离或捕获NH3，降低生产过程中的能耗。利用纳米吸附剂储存NH3可以显著降低蒸汽压力，从而在公共基础设施中实现高效和安全的储存。吸附-解吸过程与综合能源利用战略的协同整合，释放了氨经济中制冷、热泵和储能的潜力，从而促进了可持续和高效的能源系统。本文综述了新兴的纳米NH3吸附剂的吸附机理和设计策略，并提出了NH3吸附剂设计的一般原则。我们展望了吸附辅助氨能系统的未来应用，并探讨了这些设计策略在不同应用场景下的实施指南。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review on conversion technology for liquid biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass 木质纤维素生物质转化生产液体生物燃料技术综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115726

Lihan Ge , Mahmoud M. Ali , Ahmed I. Osman , Ahmed M. Elgarahy , M. Samer , Yongdong Xu , Zhidan Liu

The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has intensified interest in lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as a renewable feedstock for liquid biofuels. This review critically evaluates advancements in LCB-to-biofuel conversion technologies, comparing their efficiency, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. Thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis and gasification offer conversion efficiencies of 28–40 % at relatively low costs (0.55–0.60 USD/L gasoline equivalent) but require bio-oil upgrading. Biochemical pathways produce higher-quality fuels; however, high enzyme costs and microbial toxicity hinder large-scale implementation. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) shows promise with 35 MJ/kg biocrude energy density and 92 % carbon retention, though high energy input and catalyst costs remain challenges. Biobutanol outperforms bioethanol in energy content (29.2 MJ/dm³) and engine compatibility but suffers from microbial toxicity. Biodiesel cuts GHG emissions by 53–61 % but struggles in cold climates. Life cycle assessments indicate significantly reduce GHG emissions, with waste-derived feedstocks mitigating land-use conflicts. Advancing LCB biofuels requires optimizing HTL, enhancing microbial tolerance in biobutanol production, and integrating AI for process improvements. Policy support through subsidies and carbon incentives, along with scalable technology deployment, is key to sustainable biofuel adoption.

对可持续能源解决方案日益增长的需求，增强了人们对木质纤维素生物质（LCB）作为液体生物燃料可再生原料的兴趣。这篇综述批判性地评估了lcb到生物燃料转化技术的进展，比较了它们的效率、环境影响和经济可行性。热解和气化等热化学过程的转化效率为28 - 40%，成本相对较低（0.55-0.60美元/升汽油当量），但需要生物油升级。生化途径产生更高质量的燃料；然而，高昂的酶成本和微生物毒性阻碍了大规模实施。水热液化（HTL）具有35 MJ/kg的生物原油能量密度和92%的碳保留率，但高能量输入和催化剂成本仍然是挑战。生物丁醇在能量含量（29.2 MJ/dm3）和发动机兼容性方面优于生物乙醇，但存在微生物毒性。生物柴油减少了53 - 61%的温室气体排放，但在寒冷的气候中表现不佳。生命周期评估表明，废物来源的原料可显著减少温室气体排放，缓解土地使用冲突。推进LCB生物燃料需要优化html，增强生物丁醇生产中的微生物耐受性，并整合人工智能进行工艺改进。通过补贴和碳激励措施提供的政策支持，以及可扩展的技术部署，是可持续采用生物燃料的关键。

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引用次数: 0

A global synthesis reveals the role of strategic hydropower planning in mitigating adverse impacts of reservoir flooding 一项全球综合研究揭示了战略水电规划在缓解水库洪水不利影响方面的作用

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115723

Enhang Liang , Hongjie Tang , Yiming Liu , Shufeng Liu , Jiang Wu , Wenbin Pan , Yunyi Shang , Shihua Yin

Hydropower is an integral component in the global transition to decarbonized energy systems. However, the construction of hydropower dam leads to a range of adverse socio-environmental consequences as a result of reservoir flooding. Here, we provide a global synthesis that quantifies key impacts associated with future hydropower development and examines how strategic hydropower planning can mitigate these adverse effects, including aboveground biomass loss, terrestrial biodiversity impact, greenhouse gas emission, evaporation loss, and human displacement. Our findings indicate that the prospective dams in tropical regions contribute the majority (72–82 %) of environmental impacts worldwide, while dam-induced displacement predominantly (64 %) occurs in the northern temperate zone. 52–99 % of the variations in these impacts could be explained by the hydropower capacity per unit of reservoir area (power density), suggesting that systematic planning that prioritizes higher power densities could significantly mitigate negative socio-environmental externalities. Basin-wide hydropower planning could reduce 83–89 % of avoidable socio-environmental costs compared with uncoordinated hydropower expansion. Large rivers in tropical Africa and southeastern Asia show the greatest potential for impact mitigation through strategic hydropower planning, where optimized dam portfolios could reduce adverse effects by more than 90 % compared to suboptimal dam portfolios. By integrating watershed, river network, and dam characteristics, we propose a hierarchical framework that disaggregates the primary drivers of dam impacts across multiple spatial scales. This framework provides practical guidelines for strategic dam siting and facilitates a win-win outcome by meeting energy demands while minimizing the impacts on surrounding ecosystems and local communities.

水力发电是全球向去碳化能源系统过渡不可或缺的组成部分。然而，水电站大坝的建设会因水库泄洪而导致一系列不利的社会环境后果。在此，我们提供了一份全球综述，量化了与未来水电开发相关的主要影响，并探讨了战略性水电规划如何减轻这些不利影响，包括地上生物量损失、陆地生物多样性影响、温室气体排放、蒸发损失和人类流离失所。我们的研究结果表明，在全球范围内，热带地区的预期大坝造成的环境影响占绝大多数（72-82%），而大坝造成的人口迁移主要发生在北温带（64%）。这些影响中 52-99% 的变化可以用单位水库面积的水电容量（功率密度）来解释，这表明优先考虑较高功率密度的系统规划可以显著减轻负面的社会环境外部性。与不协调的水电扩张相比，全流域水电规划可减少 83-89% 可避免的社会环境成本。热带非洲和亚洲东南部的大河显示出通过战略性水电规划减轻影响的最大潜力，与次优大坝组合相比，优化的大坝组合可减少 90% 以上的不利影响。通过整合流域、河网和大坝特征，我们提出了一个分层框架，在多个空间尺度上分解大坝影响的主要驱动因素。该框架为大坝的战略选址提供了实用指南，在满足能源需求的同时最大限度地减少对周围生态系统和当地社区的影响，从而实现双赢。

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引用次数: 0

A review on mechanical properties and durability of recycled coarse aggregate concrete exposed to elevated temperatures 关于暴露在高温下的再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能和耐久性的综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115730

Yiman Jiang, Vivian W.Y. Tam, Cheng Jiang, Khoa N. Le

Replacing natural aggregates with recycled concrete aggregates in concrete provides a dual benefit by reducing natural resource consumption and minimizing land use for waste disposal. Research has shown that recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with optimized mix proportions can perform comparably to natural aggregate concrete (NAC) at ambient temperature and is already used in various applications. However, its broader adoption may be limited by uncertainties surrounding its performance under extreme conditions, particularly fire or high temperatures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies on the behavior of coarse RCA concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. It examines the degradation mechanisms of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures, presents experimental findings on the mechanical properties and durability of coarse RCA concrete, analyzes the influence of internal material and external environmental factors on its fire behavior, and discusses potential strategies to enhance its fire performance. Additionally, the paper identifies key knowledge gaps and suggests directions for future research. The review concludes that RAC generally deteriorates with increasing temperatures, while inconsistent findings regarding the effects of influencing factors on the fire performance and contradictory results on relative compressive strength at and after fire exposure persist. This study offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, promoting a deeper understanding of fire behavior in RAC and paving the way for the development of fire-resistant RCA concrete to safeguard lives and property.

用混凝土中的再生混凝土骨料代替天然骨料，既减少了自然资源的消耗，又最大限度地减少了废物处理的土地使用，具有双重效益。研究表明，优化配合比的再生骨料混凝土（RAC）在室温下的性能可与天然骨料混凝土（NAC）媲美，并已在各种应用中得到应用。然而，由于其在极端条件下（特别是火灾或高温下）性能的不确定性，其广泛应用可能受到限制。本文全面回顾了粗RCA混凝土在高温下的性能研究。研究了混凝土在高温下的降解机理，介绍了粗RCA混凝土的力学性能和耐久性的实验结果，分析了内部材料和外部环境因素对其防火性能的影响，并讨论了提高其防火性能的潜在策略。此外，本文还指出了关键的知识空白，并提出了未来研究的方向。该综述的结论是，RAC通常随着温度的升高而恶化，而关于影响因素对防火性能的影响的不一致的结果以及火灾暴露时和之后相对抗压强度的矛盾结果仍然存在。本研究为研究人员和从业人员提供了有价值的见解，促进了对RAC火灾行为的更深入了解，并为开发耐火RCA混凝土以保护生命财产安全铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Opportunities and sustainability challenges of hydrogen as a fuel in the transportation sector: A review 氢燃料在交通运输领域的机遇和可持续性挑战：综述

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115705

Mahmoud Elgendi , Jeongmoo Huh , Manigandan Sekar , Montaser Mahmoud , Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem , Abdul Ghani Olabi

This review examines hydrogen's viability as a sustainable fuel for the automotive and aviation sectors and outlines the essential steps required to overcome existing barriers. With its high energy density and environmentally friendly by-products, hydrogen emerges as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. The paper examines key hydrogen generation methods, such as electrolysis and biological processes, and identifies critical challenges, including storage limitations, safety concerns, and insufficient refueling infrastructure. While hydrogen offers significant advantages, including lowering greenhouse gases and enhancing air quality, its large-scale adoption is constrained by technical and economic hurdles. This review emphasizes the necessity for continued research and development to enhance hydrogen generation efficiency and storage techniques. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers in driving innovation and establishing supportive frameworks, such as subsidies, incentives, and regulations, to accelerate the integration of hydrogen technologies. By overcoming these obstacles and promoting collaboration, hydrogen could play an even more transformative role in achieving a sustainable transportation industry.

本综述考察了氢作为汽车和航空领域可持续燃料的可行性，并概述了克服现有障碍所需的基本步骤。凭借其高能量密度和对环境友好的副产品，氢成为化石燃料的可行替代品。本文研究了关键的制氢方法，如电解和生物工艺，并确定了关键的挑战，包括存储限制、安全问题和加油基础设施不足。虽然氢具有显著的优势，包括减少温室气体排放和改善空气质量，但它的大规模采用受到技术和经济障碍的限制。本文强调了继续研究和开发提高制氢效率和储氢技术的必要性。此外，报告还强调了政策制定者、行业利益相关者和研究人员在推动创新和建立补贴、激励和法规等支持性框架方面的关键作用，以加速氢技术的整合。通过克服这些障碍并促进合作，氢可以在实现可持续交通行业方面发挥更大的变革性作用。

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引用次数: 0