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A review on network-aware control of distributed energy resources under the dynamic operating envelopes framework 动态运行包络框架下的分布式能源资源网络感知控制综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115696
Gayan Lankeshwara, Rahul Sharma, Ruifeng Yan, Wayes Tushar, Tapan K. Saha
With the rapid expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs) within distribution networks, the need for network-aware control strategies has grown significantly to maintain network integrity. Dynamic Operating Envelopes (DOEs) offer a promising approach to addressing the challenges faced by Distribution Network Service Providers (DNSPs). However, the concept of DOEs is still emerging, and practical implementation challenges remain unexplored. Therefore, this study conducts a thorough literature review on the current state of research regarding the application of DOEs in distribution networks. Initially, we introduce DOEs and proceed with an extensive exploration of existing literature across several subdomains, including envelope positioning, allocation mechanisms, control types, envelope behaviour, fairness and equity considerations, stakeholder coordination, network visibility, uncertainties, and communication aspects. Additionally, the study summarises ongoing industry trials and pilot projects involving DOEs. Moreover, it identifies implementation challenges such as public acceptance, regulatory frameworks, technological readiness, allocation fairness, constraint prediction, and network visibility. Finally, the paper concludes by proposing future research directions for effectively implementing DOEs in distribution networks.
随着配电网中分布式能源的快速增长,对网络感知控制策略的需求日益增长,以保持网络的完整性。动态操作包(do)为解决分配网络服务提供商(dnsp)面临的挑战提供了一种很有前途的方法。然而,do的概念仍然是新兴的,并且实际的实现挑战仍然未被探索。因此,本研究对配电网络中did应用的研究现状进行了全面的文献综述。首先,我们介绍了do,并对几个子领域的现有文献进行了广泛的探索,包括包络定位、分配机制、控制类型、包络行为、公平和公平考虑、利益相关者协调、网络可见性、不确定性和沟通方面。此外,该研究总结了正在进行的行业试验和涉及do的试点项目。此外,它还确定了实现方面的挑战,如公众接受度、监管框架、技术准备程度、分配公平性、约束预测和网络可见性。最后,提出了在配电网中有效实施do的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of photovoltaics and integrated green roofs on urban climate: Experimental insights for urban land surface modelling 光伏和综合绿色屋顶对城市气候的影响:城市地表模拟的实验见解
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115709
Liutao Chen , Zinan Lin , Qi Zhou , Shihong Zhang , Mengying Li , Zhe Wang
Previous studies examining the impact of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) roofs on urban heat islands (UHI) have reported inconsistencies, primarily due to reliance on simulations without robust experimental validation. This study addresses this gap through a six-month experimental investigation of four 200 m2 rooftop sites in subtropical Hong Kong. We compared a conventional bare roof, a PV roof, and two PV integrated green roofs (PVIGRs), providing the first real-world comparison of these configurations.
Results reveal that hourly air temperatures above PV rooftops exceeded those above bare roof by over 4 °C on sunny days, with a monthly peak PV heat island (PVHI) intensity of 1.18 °C at noon in July. The PVHI was primarily driven by PV surface temperatures, solar irradiance, and ambient air temperatures. Additionally, a notable PV-canopy heating effect was observed under PV panels. While PVIGRs did not exhibit cooling above panels, they mitigated the heating effect underneath by up to 1.26 °C in July, lowering PV surface temperatures and building heat conduction. This dual benefit enhances PV efficiency and reduces buildings cooling loads.
These findings suggest refining urban land surface models to better estimate the climatic consequences of widespread PV installations. The proposed PV parameterization scheme should consider the heating effects beneath PV canopies and surface roughness length of PV configurations. Additionally, integrated building energy models with urban canopy models could help simulate waste heat from air conditioning influenced by PV rooftops. These insights can inform urban planning and efficient PV deployment strategies.
先前关于大规模光伏(PV)屋顶对城市热岛(UHI)影响的研究报告不一致,主要是由于依赖于没有可靠实验验证的模拟。本研究通过对香港亚热带地区四个200平方米的屋顶场地进行为期六个月的实验调查来解决这一差距。我们比较了传统的裸屋顶、光伏屋顶和两种光伏集成绿色屋顶(pvigr),提供了这些配置的第一次真实对比。结果表明:日照条件下,光伏屋顶上的每小时气温比光秃秃屋顶上的每小时气温高出4°C以上,7月正午光伏热岛强度峰值为1.18°C;PVHI主要由PV表面温度、太阳辐照度和环境空气温度驱动。此外,在PV板下观察到显著的PV-canopy加热效应。虽然pvigr不会在面板上方降温,但在7月份,它们可以将面板下方的热效应降低1.26°C,从而降低PV表面温度和建筑热传导。这种双重效益提高了光伏效率并减少了建筑物的冷负荷。这些发现建议改进城市地表模型,以更好地估计广泛安装光伏的气候后果。所提出的PV参数化方案应考虑PV冠层下的热效应和PV构型的表面粗糙度长度。此外,将建筑能源模型与城市顶棚模型相结合,可以模拟受光伏屋顶影响的空调余热。这些见解可以为城市规划和有效的光伏部署策略提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies in improving the initial coulombic efficiency of transition metal chalcogenides anode materials for sodium-ion batteries: A review 提高钠离子电池过渡金属硫族化合物负极材料初始库仑效率的策略综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115721
Laraib Habib , Guoquan Suo , Chuanjin Lin , Jiarong Li , Shazam Javed , Kashif Naseem , Zhanar K. Kalkozova
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining attention as a cost-effective option for energy storage systems, largely due to the widespread availability of sodium resources. Improvements in electrode materials and a better understanding of their working mechanisms have greatly enhanced the electrochemical performance of these batteries. Among the various options, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as a focus of research because of their high capacity enabled by conversion or alloying reactions. However, these materials face challenges such as substantial volume changes and low electrical conductivity, which negatively affect their cycling stability and rate performance. The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of anode materials plays a critical role in determining the energy density of both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. In commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the low ICE of anodes is typically compensated by adding extra cathode material. However, because lithium-metal oxide cathodes have a lower specific capacity compared to anodes, a significant surplus of cathode material—about 10–15 % for graphite anodes—is required, which reduces the overall energy density. In sodium-ion batteries, the irreversible consumption of Na+ ions during the initial charge/discharge cycle, caused mainly by the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and other irreversible reactions, leads to a noticeable reduction in the capacity of the full cell. Improving the ICE of both anodes and cathodes is, therefore, essential for achieving high-performance sodium-ion batteries, particularly by enhancing the transport efficiency of Na+ ions. Low ICE remains a significant challenge in developing high-capacity anodes for practical sodium-ion batteries. This review examines the key factors behind low ICE in transition metal chalcogenides, including SEI formation due to electrolyte decomposition and the limited reversibility of the sodiation and desodiation processes. Then it will highlight innovative strategies to overcome these challenges, such as optimizing electrolytes and material structures, applying surface modifications and coatings, designing improved structures and morphologies, advancing surface engineering techniques, and developing polymetallic TMCs.
钠离子电池(sib)作为一种具有成本效益的储能系统选择正受到关注,主要是因为钠资源的广泛可用性。电极材料的改进和对其工作机制的更好理解大大提高了这些电池的电化学性能。在各种选择中,过渡金属硫族化合物(TMCs)因其通过转化或合金化反应获得的高容量而成为研究的焦点。然而,这些材料面临着诸如大量体积变化和低导电性等挑战,这对它们的循环稳定性和速率性能产生了负面影响。正极材料的初始库仑效率(ICE)是决定锂离子电池和钠离子电池能量密度的关键因素。在商用锂离子电池(lib)中,通常通过添加额外的阴极材料来补偿阳极的低ICE。然而,由于与阳极相比,锂金属氧化物阴极的比容量较低,因此需要大量剩余的阴极材料(石墨阳极约为10 - 15%),从而降低了整体能量密度。在钠离子电池中,在初始充放电循环中,Na+离子的不可逆消耗主要是由固体电解质间相(SEI)的形成和其他不可逆反应引起的,导致充满电池的容量明显下降。因此,提高阳极和阴极的ICE对于实现高性能钠离子电池至关重要,特别是通过提高Na+离子的传输效率。在开发用于实用钠离子电池的高容量阳极时,低ICE仍然是一个重大挑战。本文综述了过渡金属硫族化合物低ICE背后的关键因素,包括电解质分解导致的SEI形成以及钠化和解钠过程的有限可逆性。然后将重点介绍克服这些挑战的创新策略,例如优化电解质和材料结构,应用表面改性和涂层,设计改进的结构和形态,推进表面工程技术,以及开发多金属tmc。
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引用次数: 0
Oscillation stability induced by wind power integration: Incidents, mechanism, countermeasures and future challenges 风电并网引起的振荡稳定性:事件、机制、对策与未来挑战
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115692
Jianqiang Luo , Biyao Liu , Xiaochuan Guo , Ling Yang , Chang Liu , Yong Xu , Siqi Bu
Driven by carbon peaking and neutrality goals, the wind power industry has grown rapidly worldwide. However, power electronic devices in wind power generation systems and their complex interaction with power grids have caused a variety of oscillation issues in a wide frequency band, threatening system stability greatly. This paper systematically examines oscillation incidents globally, identifies characteristics and mechanisms, reviews analysis approaches, presents suppression techniques, and discusses future research directions. Firstly, the oscillation incidents are summarized globally, categorizing them based on different causes such as interactions in series capacitor compensation networks, with weak grids, etc. Then, oscillation characteristics including frequency-related aspects and geographical distributions, are analyzed. Also, the underlying mechanisms are classified into several categories related to device interactions and various analysis methods are presented and compared. Additionally, oscillation suppression techniques on both wind power generation side and power grid side are discussed. Finally, future research challenges such as specific wind farm configurations and real-world scenario analyses are identified, providing a roadmap for further research in this crucial area.
在碳峰值和中和目标的推动下,风力发电行业在全球范围内迅速发展。然而,风力发电系统中的电力电子设备及其与电网的复杂相互作用在宽频段内引起了各种振荡问题,极大地威胁了系统的稳定性。本文系统地考察了全球范围内的振荡事件,确定了振荡事件的特征和机制,综述了分析方法,提出了抑制技术,并讨论了未来的研究方向。首先,对系统的振荡事件进行了总体总结,并根据不同原因对其进行了分类,如串联电容补偿网络的相互作用、与弱电网的相互作用等。然后,分析了振荡特性,包括频率相关方面和地理分布。此外,将潜在的机制分为与设备交互相关的几个类别,并提出和比较了各种分析方法。此外,还讨论了风力发电侧和电网侧的振动抑制技术。最后,确定了未来的研究挑战,例如特定风电场配置和现实场景分析,为这一关键领域的进一步研究提供了路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Universal Thermal Climate Index Prediction via machine learning approaches 通过机器学习方法实现通用热气候指数预测
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115680
Omid Veisi , Alireza Attarhay Tehrani , Beheshteh Gharaei , Delong K. Du , Amir Shakibamanesh
Maintaining a proper outdoor thermal environment can encourage people to engage in healthy outdoor activities, reducing residential energy consumption. Urban designers and planners rely on different indexes to calculate and predict outdoor thermal environments, such as UTCI. Existing prediction models of UTCI focus on the relationship between environmental parameters, human perception, and personal factors. However, urban characteristics impacts on UTCI have not yet been embedded in UTCI prediction research. Thus, this study investigated 30 cities worldwide with diverse urban characteristics using ML methods to forecast the UTCI and develop a nuanced index of the relationship between the UTCI and urban characteristics. Specifically, this integrates physics-based parametric modeling using urban features and outdoor thermal comfort modeling with Honeybee, combined with ML techniques such as LSTM, Gaussian Process Regression, RF, KNN, DT, and ANN. Our results show that the ANN model achieved a notable level of precision with MSE=0.0008 and an R2 Score=97%, demonstrating the robustness of ML in environmental modeling. The most critical variable of urban characteristics index to UTCI is ‘Average Volume’, and the model’s output is positively impacted by large SHAP values. Similarly, the ‘Green Space Ratio’ and ‘Average Height’ show a variety of impacts, indicating they affect UTCI estimations in different ways. Our study aims to support informed decision-making for large-scale sustainable city planning through a comprehensive data-driven model that enables more nuanced and precise global predictions of outdoor thermal comfort.
保持适当的室外热环境可以鼓励人们从事健康的户外活动,减少住宅能源消耗。城市设计师和规划者依靠不同的指标来计算和预测室外热环境,如UTCI。现有的UTCI预测模型侧重于环境参数、人的感知和个人因素之间的关系。然而,城市特征对UTCI的影响尚未嵌入到UTCI预测研究中。因此,本研究调查了全球30个具有不同城市特征的城市,使用ML方法预测UTCI,并建立了UTCI与城市特征之间关系的细致指数。具体来说,它集成了基于物理的参数化建模,使用城市特征和室外热舒适建模,结合ML技术,如LSTM,高斯过程回归,RF, KNN, DT和ANN。我们的研究结果表明,人工神经网络模型达到了显著的精度水平,MSE=0.0008, R2得分=97%,证明了ML在环境建模中的鲁棒性。城市特征指数对UTCI最关键的变量是“平均体积”,模型的输出受到较大SHAP值的正影响。同样,“绿地比率”和“平均高度”显示出不同的影响,表明它们以不同的方式影响UTCI估计。我们的研究旨在通过一个全面的数据驱动模型来支持大规模可持续城市规划的明智决策,该模型可以对室外热舒适进行更细致和精确的全球预测。
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引用次数: 0
Prussian blue analogues in sodium-ion batteries: comparison with lithium technologies, recent advances, and prospects 钠离子电池中的普鲁士蓝类似物:与锂技术的比较,最新进展和前景
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115677
Anna Komenda , Jędrzej Piątek
With the increasing global demand for energy storage systems, there is a growing interest in the development of new solutions for this sector. While lithium-ion technology has long dominated the battery market, significant natural resource limitations of their component materials have prompted a noticeable shift towards other battery chemistries in both science and industry. In recent years, there has been extensive research on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a cheaper and more sustainable alternative. This work compiles the recent advancements in Prussian blue materials, known for offering the highest energy density in SIBs. The presentation not only covers the main properties of these materials for sodium batteries, but also delves into their chemistry and mechanisms.
随着全球对储能系统需求的不断增长,人们对开发该领域的新解决方案越来越感兴趣。虽然锂离子技术长期以来一直主导着电池市场,但其组件材料的重大自然资源限制促使科学和工业向其他电池化学物质的显著转变。近年来,人们对钠离子电池(SIBs)作为一种更便宜、更可持续的替代品进行了广泛的研究。这项工作汇编了普鲁士蓝材料的最新进展,以提供sib中最高的能量密度而闻名。该报告不仅涵盖了这些钠电池材料的主要特性,而且还深入研究了它们的化学和机理。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative investigation on heat pump solutions for peak shaving and heat-power decoupling in combined heat and power plants 热电联产调峰与热电解耦热泵解决方案的比较研究
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115703
Zhenpu Wang , Jing Xu , Suxia Ma , Guanjia Zhao , Jianfei Wang , Yujiong Gu
One pressing concern for coal-fired power plants is the retrofitting of heating supply, as central heating demand continues to rise, and carbon emission reduction becomes a priority. However, the cogeneration of heat and power leads to unwanted heat-power coupling and restricts the power peak-shaving flexibility. In this study, heat pump (HP) is used in designing highly efficient and heat-power decoupling retrofit systems. Three retrofit cases integrating absorption heat pump (AHP) and electric heat pump (EHP) are proposed. Their energy utilization efficiency, exergy efficiency, coal consumption rate of power generation with varying operating conditions, and heat-power decoupling characteristics are compared. Moreover, the techno-economic considering the repayment time and the benefits of peak shaving in the retrofit cases is investigated. A 600 MW coal-fired power plant is studied. Results show that three retrofit cases can enhance the heating capacity and achieve heat-power decoupling. The EHP-CHP system has the largest heating capacity of 1049 MW and the minimum power load of 150 MW at the heating load of 546 MW. In contrast, the AHP-CHP system can only decrease the minimum power load to 300 MW. The EHP-CHP coupled with the extracted exhaust steam system shows the highest energy utilization efficiency of 90.46 % at the maximum heating capacity, with the lowest coal consumption rate of power generation of 141.96 g (kW h)−1 under 50 % THA, which is lower than the 153.27 g (kW h)−1 the EHP-CHP system. However, the utilization of EHP decreases the exergy efficiency compared to AHP. The AHP-CHP system provides a maximum exergy efficiency of 36.46 % under the design heating load. In addition, the EHP-CHP coupled with the extracted exhaust steam retrofit case leads to a short repayment time of only 1.9 years. The EHP-CHP coupled with exhaust steam system proves to be a preferable energy-efficient, heat-power decoupling, and economic benefit-favorable solution.
燃煤电厂面临的一个紧迫问题是供暖系统的改造,因为集中供暖需求持续上升,减少碳排放成为当务之急。然而,热电联产导致了不必要的热电耦合,限制了电力调峰的灵活性。在本研究中,热泵(HP)被用于设计高效和热功率解耦改造系统。提出了吸收式热泵(AHP)与电热泵(EHP)相结合的三种改造方案。比较了不同工况下的能源利用效率、火用效率、发电煤耗率以及热电解耦特性。此外,还研究了考虑还款时间和调峰效益的技术经济问题。对一座600mw燃煤电厂进行了研究。结果表明,三种改造方案均能提高供热能力,实现热电解耦。热电联产系统供热负荷为546 MW时,最大供热容量为1049 MW,最小负荷为150 MW。相比之下,AHP-CHP系统只能将最小功率负荷降低到300兆瓦。在最大供热容量下,热电联产系统的能源利用效率最高,为90.46%;在50% THA下,发电煤耗最低,为141.96 g (kW h)−1,低于热电联产系统的153.27 g (kW h)−1。然而,与AHP相比,EHP的利用降低了火用效率。在设计热负荷下,AHP-CHP系统的最大火用效率为36.46%。此外,EHP-CHP加上抽汽改造的情况下,还款时间很短,只有1.9年。高压热电联产与排汽联产是一种较好的节能、热电解耦和经济效益较好的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Computer-based tools for assessment of small-scale hydropower resources and project feasibility: a review 评估小水电资源和项目可行性的计算机工具:综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115717
Petras Punys
This article analyses and compares computer-based tools designed for small hydropower (SHP) potential assessment, site planning, and design, focusing on the initial assessment phase of project evaluation. The review draws from various sources, including open-access publications, research papers and projects, data repositories, and web resources. This paper presents more than 40 software tools currently in use, their main features, comparative analysis, and research studies using them, including a brief reminder of historic software tools. These tools can provide simple initial estimates or be sophisticated software considering unconventional (in-conduit) hydro. They are categorised into four groups: i) Hydraulic turbine selection (4 software), ii) Site feasibility assessment (18), iii) Environmental flow assessment (5), iv) Web-based hydropower atlases (9), and v) Multicriteria analysis (3).
The review highlights that while there are numerous tools for site assessment, the development of new tools for turbine selection, particularly for innovative hydro turbines, has declined. It also notes the increasing adoption of digital platforms and web-based mapping for hydropower, driven by advancements in GIS, which aid in identifying feasible hydro sites. Special tools for applying multicriteria analysis to evaluate conflicting and other aspects of hydropower development are also discussed. The paper emphasises the importance of user feedback in improving these tools. It critically reviews the available tools, summarises best practices, and provides guidelines for their further application and enhancement in hydropower resource assessment and project site feasibility evaluation. This review aims to assist SHP designers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable software.
本文以项目评价的初始评估阶段为重点,对小水电潜力评估、选址规划和设计的计算机化工具进行了分析和比较。这篇综述来自各种来源,包括开放获取的出版物、研究论文和项目、数据存储库和网络资源。本文介绍了目前使用的40多种软件工具,它们的主要特点,比较分析和使用它们的研究,包括对历史软件工具的简要回顾。这些工具可以提供简单的初始估计,也可以是考虑非常规(管道内)水力发电的复杂软件。它们分为四组:i)水轮机选择(4个软件),ii)现场可行性评估(18),iii)环境流量评估(5),iv)基于网络的水电地图集(9)和v)多标准分析(3)。审查强调,虽然有许多现场评估工具,但用于涡轮机选择的新工具的开发,特别是用于创新水轮机,已经下降。报告还指出,在地理信息系统进步的推动下,越来越多地采用数字平台和基于网络的水电制图,这有助于确定可行的水电站选址。本文还讨论了应用多准则分析来评价水电开发的冲突和其他方面的特殊工具。本文强调了用户反馈在改进这些工具中的重要性。它严格审查了现有的工具,总结了最佳做法,并为其在水电资源评估和项目现场可行性评估中的进一步应用和加强提供了指导方针。这篇综述旨在帮助SHP设计者和从业者选择最合适的软件。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional barriers to vehicle-to-grid implementation in Europe 欧洲实施车辆到电网的制度障碍
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115653
Mark W. Van Eijk , Jan Anne Annema , Mylène Van der Koogh , Zofia Lukszo
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) could help balance and regulate the electricity grid. While research papers have focused primarily on the technological potential of V2G services and consumer adaptation, the institutional barriers obstructing the industry from implementing V2G are hardly researched. This study, therefore, explored these institutional barriers using grounded theory and stakeholder interviews. The results showed an array of barriers related to communication standard ambiguity, non-harmonised and undefined network codes, charging standard ambiguity resulting in uncertainties and financial risks, and conflicting stakeholder needs about who should control V2G operations. We conclude that large-scale adoption of V2G in Europe is hindered because it is unclear to the actors involved how to become ”V2G-ready”. This lack of clarity results in an innovation that is in a wait-and-see phase. We give practical recommendations to potentially become V2G-ready and for further research.
车辆到电网(V2G)可以帮助平衡和调节电网。虽然研究论文主要关注V2G服务的技术潜力和消费者适应,但阻碍行业实施V2G的制度障碍却很少研究。因此,本研究使用扎根理论和利益相关者访谈来探讨这些制度障碍。结果显示,通信标准的模糊性、不协调和不定义的网络代码、收费标准的模糊性导致的不确定性和财务风险,以及利益相关者对谁应该控制V2G运营的冲突需求,都存在一系列障碍。我们的结论是,V2G在欧洲的大规模采用受到阻碍,因为参与者不清楚如何成为“V2G准备就绪”。缺乏明确性导致创新处于观望阶段。我们提出了切实可行的建议,以便为v2g做好准备并进行进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of waste tyre treatment technologies: Environmental and economic perspectives 废轮胎处理技术的比较分析:环境和经济观点
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115691
Dileep Kumar, Yang Pei, Bing Han, Sui Yang Khoo, Michael Norton, Scott D. Adams, Abbas Z. Kouzani
Around 75 % of waste tyres are disposed of in landfills annually worldwide, posing significant environmental and resource management challenges. Several waste tyre treatment (WTT) technologies have been developed to overcome the environmental impacts of used tyres worldwide. This study aims to identify the most eco-friendly and cost-effective technology by comparing the environmental and economic performance of different WTT technologies. It first conducts a systematic literature survey to identify and select the most relevant scientific studies published in the last two decades. It discusses the technical attributes of different WTT technologies. Then, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology determines the selected impact categories for comparative analysis. The WTT technologies are compared against each other using selected impact categories by harmonising their characterisation factor at 1 ton of waste tyre. Afterwards, it identifies the most eco-friendly WTT technology irrespective of technical and geographical boundary conditions, comparing the minimum and maximum characterisation values of each WTT technology. The comparative analysis reveals that pyrolysis is the most efficient WTT technology, exhibiting the lowest global warming potential (−1298 kgCO2-eq/t), the highest resource recovery (−60 eco-points/t), and the best economic performance ($133/t profit). Pyrolysis facilitates the recovery of steel wires (150–263 kg/t), carbon black (330–380 kg/t), diesel (167 kg/t), and petrol (72 kg/t), contributing to sustainable waste management. Finally, this study proposes a carbon credit trading mechanism to ensure transparency in emissions trading and incentivise waste tyre recycling.
全世界每年约有75%的废轮胎被填埋,这对环境和资源管理构成了重大挑战。在世界范围内,已经开发了几种废轮胎处理技术来克服废旧轮胎对环境的影响。本研究旨在通过比较不同WTT技术的环境和经济性能来确定最环保和最具成本效益的技术。它首先进行系统的文献调查,以确定和选择最近二十年发表的最相关的科学研究。讨论了不同WTT技术的技术属性。然后,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法确定所选择的影响类别进行比较分析。WTT技术通过在1吨废轮胎中协调其特征因子,使用选定的影响类别相互比较。然后,无论技术和地理边界条件如何,它都确定了最环保的WTT技术,比较了每种WTT技术的最小和最大特征值。对比分析表明,热解是最有效的WTT技术,其全球变暖潜势最小(- 1298 kgCO2-eq/t),资源回收率最高(- 60 eco-points/t),经济效益最佳(133美元/t利润)。热解有助于回收钢丝(150-263公斤/吨)、炭黑(330-380公斤/吨)、柴油(167公斤/吨)和汽油(72公斤/吨),有助于可持续废物管理。最后,本文提出了碳信用交易机制,以确保排放交易的透明度和激励废旧轮胎回收。
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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