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Advances in the microbial biosynthesis of methyl ketones 甲基酮微生物生物合成方面的进展
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115038
Shijie Xu, Qi Zhang, Genlai Dong, Zihe Liu, Jinyu Fu, Shuobo Shi
Methyl ketone, a fatty acid derivative, has attracted extensive attention due to its remarkable properties such as a high cetane number, low freezing point, immiscibility with water, and high compatibility with diesel and other quality biofuel properties. Methyl ketones are downstream products of fatty acid metabolism in microorganisms, making them readily accessible through metabolic engineering. In addition, methyl ketones are easily isolated during biological fermentation, as they can be extracted by organic solvents in medium. Consequently, the utilization of microorganisms for the production of methyl ketones as a viable biofuel alternative has garnered growing interest and achieved substantial advancements. This review aims to comprehensively and critically examine the latest advances in biosynthetic pathways for the synthesis of methyl ketones and corresponding metabolic engineering strategies. These pathways include fatty acid synthesis pathway, fatty acid β-oxidation derived pathway, CoA-dependent pathway, 2-butanone synthesis pathway and polyketide synthases synthesis pathway. Furthermore, key challenges and perspectives have been discussed for advancing research in the field of methyl ketone biosynthesis.
甲基酮是一种脂肪酸衍生物,因其十六烷值高、凝固点低、不溶于水、与柴油的兼容性强等显著特性以及其他优质生物燃料特性而受到广泛关注。甲基酮是微生物脂肪酸代谢的下游产物,因此很容易通过代谢工程获得。此外,甲基酮在生物发酵过程中很容易分离出来,因为它们可以被培养基中的有机溶剂提取出来。因此,利用微生物生产甲基酮作为一种可行的生物燃料替代品已引起越来越多的关注,并取得了长足的进步。本综述旨在全面和批判性地研究合成甲基酮的生物合成途径的最新进展以及相应的代谢工程策略。这些途径包括脂肪酸合成途径、脂肪酸β-氧化衍生途径、CoA依赖途径、2-丁酮合成途径和多酮合成酶合成途径。此外,还讨论了推进甲基酮生物合成领域研究的主要挑战和前景。
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引用次数: 0
Lithium-ion batteries lifetime early prediction using domain adversarial learning 利用域对抗学习提前预测锂离子电池寿命
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115035
Zhen Zhang , Yanyu Wang , Xingxin Ruan , Xiangyu Zhang
—Early prediction of the battery lifetime plays an important role in the safety of battery usage. However, existing methods face challenges stemming from a limited variety of training data. In this study, to address this data scarcity issue, a transfer learning approach for battery lifetime prediction is proposed, utilizing data from different datasets to train the prediction model. Firstly, a deep learning model is developed for lifetime prediction, incorporating a feature extractor, a lifetime predictor, and a domain classifier. Convolutional neural networks with attention mechanism is used in the feature extractor for comprehensive feature extraction. Secondly, a domain adversarial learning strategy is implemented to train the model, encouraging to extract features that are domain independence. The strategy guides the feature extractor to yield domain-invariant features crucial for knowledge transfer. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using publicly available datasets. Experimental findings demonstrate that the root mean square errors decrease by 68.1 % and 17.9 % on two datasets, respectively. It underscores that the model's proficiency in predicting battery lifetime without reliance on labeled data from the target dataset.
-电池寿命的早期预测对电池的安全使用起着重要作用。然而,现有方法面临着训练数据种类有限的挑战。为了解决数据匮乏的问题,本研究提出了一种用于电池寿命预测的迁移学习方法,利用来自不同数据集的数据来训练预测模型。首先,为电池寿命预测开发了一个深度学习模型,其中包含一个特征提取器、一个电池寿命预测器和一个领域分类器。在特征提取器中使用了具有注意力机制的卷积神经网络,以实现全面的特征提取。其次,采用领域对抗学习策略来训练模型,鼓励提取与领域无关的特征。该策略引导特征提取器提取与领域无关的特征,这对知识转移至关重要。最后,利用公开数据集验证了所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,在两个数据集上,均方根误差分别降低了 68.1% 和 17.9%。这凸显了该模型无需依赖目标数据集的标记数据就能熟练预测电池寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Review of thermal management of electronics and phase change materials 电子设备和相变材料热管理回顾
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115039
H. Benisi Ghadim , A. Godin , A. Veillere , M. Duquesne , D. Haillot
Effective thermal management systems (TMS) are crucial for the optimal operation of electronic devices in computing, data centers, and transportation. This review begins by highlighting the essential role that TMS plays in today's electronics, where performance, reliability, and energy efficiency are of utmost importance. TMS strategies are vital for addressing the escalating thermal challenges associated with the ever-increasing computational demands of modern electronics. This study focuses on pivotal applications: mobile phones, laptops, data centers, electric vehicles and aircraft. Given the fast evolution of microelectronics technologies, research in electronics tends to improve compacity, significantly impacting their thermal behavior, a fact that has garnered scant attention. Device failures mainly occur when recommended temperature thresholds are exceeded. Current cooling solutions used to tackle this overheating consist of heat pipes and/or thermal drains (in most efficient cases, liquid-gas phase changes are involved), comprising assisted by noisy and energy consuming fans. Although this problem has been studied extensively for decades, no satisfactory solution has been found, and electronic component thermal management continues to be a major challenge. This work is an original contribution, and concludes that the development of innovative TMS based on hybrid materials (a metallic matrix with an optimized topology and whose microporosity is impregnated with phase change materials) could pave the way for a brand new generation of ambitious microelectronics technologies. The maximum tolerable temperature thresholds constitute the critical criteria for the targeted applications. The review makes PCM selections based on criteria such as latent heat, absence of undercooling, compatibility with metals.
有效的热管理系统(TMS)对计算机、数据中心和运输领域电子设备的最佳运行至关重要。本综述首先强调了 TMS 在当今电子设备中的重要作用,因为电子设备的性能、可靠性和能效至关重要。TMS 战略对于应对现代电子产品不断增长的计算需求所带来的热挑战至关重要。本研究侧重于关键应用:手机、笔记本电脑、数据中心、电动汽车和飞机。鉴于微电子技术的快速发展,电子产品的研究倾向于提高性能,从而对其热行为产生重大影响,但这一事实却很少引起人们的关注。设备故障主要发生在超过建议的温度阈值时。目前用于解决过热问题的冷却方案包括热管和/或热排水管(在大多数高效情况下,涉及液-气相变),并辅以嘈杂且耗能的风扇。尽管几十年来对这一问题进行了广泛研究,但仍未找到令人满意的解决方案,电子元件热管理仍是一项重大挑战。这项工作具有独创性,其结论是,基于混合材料(具有优化拓扑结构的金属基体,其微孔中浸渍有相变材料)的创新 TMS 的开发可为雄心勃勃的新一代微电子技术铺平道路。最高耐受温度阈值是目标应用的关键标准。审查根据潜热、无过冷却、与金属的兼容性等标准来选择 PCM。
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引用次数: 0
Achieving carbon credits through biomass torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization: A review 通过生物质热解和热液碳化获得碳信用额:综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115056
Wei-Hsin Chen , Partha Pratim Biswas , Congyu Zhang , Eilhann E. Kwon , Jo-Shu Chang
Different additives can capture carbon dioxide (CO2) during biomass torrefaction. Biochar and hydrochar can potentially sequester CO2. A comparative review of CO2 sequestration via biochar and hydrochar and its relationship with carbon credits is inadequate. This research aims to explore CO2 sequestration during biomass torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with additives (magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2, and calcium oxide: CaO), conduct a comparative analysis of CO2 sequestration by biochar and hydrochar, analyze the energy increment in both, and determine the prospects of carbon credit and carbon rights related to these processes. During torrefaction, Mg(OH)2 captures up to 62 % of CO2, while no additives are needed in hydrochar production since CO2 is not released. CO2 absorption by biochar and hydrochar ranges from 0.03 to 3.5 mmol g−1. Torrefied biochar exhibits varying carbon contents between 50 and 70 wt%, while the ranges in hydrochar are 48–70 wt%, resembling lignite. The higher heating values (HHV) of biochar, hydrochar, and lignite are also comparable, nearly 25 MJ kg−1. Biochar-based electricity production's global warming potential (GWP) is lower than coal-based production, while hydrochar-based production has a higher GWP. Hydrochar production is less efficient due to its drying and activation methods. Biomass torrefaction and HTC can earn carbon credits by reducing emissions and are tied to carbon rights through enhanced carbon sequestration on biomass-producing land. Future research directions in carbon credits and carbon rights for torrefied biochar and HTC-derived hydrochar can focus on optimizing production processes, refining conversion technologies, and maximizing carbon sequestration.
不同的添加剂可在生物质热解过程中捕获二氧化碳(CO2)。生物炭和水炭有可能封存二氧化碳。有关通过生物炭和水炭封存二氧化碳及其与碳信用额关系的比较研究尚不充分。本研究旨在探索在生物质干馏和水热碳化(HTC)过程中使用添加剂(氢氧化镁、Mg(OH)2 和 Mg(OH)3)固存二氧化碳的情况:Mg(OH)2)和氧化钙(CaOCaO),对生物炭和水炭的二氧化碳封存进行比较分析,分析两者的能量增量,并确定与这些过程相关的碳信用和碳权利的前景。在烘干过程中,Mg(OH)2 最多可捕获 62% 的二氧化碳,而在水炭生产过程中不需要添加剂,因为二氧化碳不会释放出来。生物炭和水炭对二氧化碳的吸收量从 0.03 到 3.5 mmol g-1 不等。焦化生物炭的含碳量在 50 至 70 wt% 之间,而水炭的含碳量在 48 至 70 wt% 之间,类似于褐煤。生物炭、水炭和褐煤的较高热值(HHV)也相当,接近 25 兆焦耳/千克-1。生物炭发电的全球升温潜能值(GWP)低于煤炭发电,而水煤炭发电的全球升温潜能值较高。由于其干燥和活化方法,水煤炭生产的效率较低。生物质干馏和热碳化可以通过减少排放获得碳信用额度,并通过加强生物质生产土地的碳封存与碳权利挂钩。未来有关生物质热解炭和氢化炭衍生水炭的碳信用额和碳权利的研究方向可以集中在优化生产工艺、改进转化技术和最大限度地固碳上。
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引用次数: 0
Interpretable machine learning-assisted advanced exergy optimization for carbon-neutral olefins production 针对碳中和烯烃生产的可解释机器学习辅助高级放能优化技术
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115027
Qingchun Yang , Lei Zhao , Runjie Bao , Yingjie Fan , Jianlong Zhou , Dongwen Rong , Huairong Zhou , Dawei Zhang
The CO2-to-light olefins technology represents a significant approach to mitigating the greenhouse effect and advancing green energy solutions. However, little literature comprehensively analyzes and optimizes its thermodynamic performance. This study proposes an interpretable machine learning-assisted advanced exergy analysis and optimization framework to ascertain the actual improvement potential and determine effective strategies for optimizing this system. The advanced exergy analysis method aims to identify the avoidable exergy destruction and interactions between components of the system, while integrating an interpretable machine learning model to provide the key parameters for enhancing the system's exergy efficiency through feature importance analysis. The findings indicate that the exergy destruction of the system amounts to 656.06 MW, with 96.81 % of this exergy destruction being attributed to endogenous factors and approximately 66.51 % of it being potentially avoidable. The random forest model, exhibiting superior predictive accuracy compared to other machine learning models, is coupled with the interpretable Shapley additive explanation approach to discern the most crucial parameters of the system. Results indicated catalyst properties have the greatest impact on the output performance of the system, contributing up to 66.1 % to the predicted results. The active component type, reaction temperature, and promoter content have the largest contribution to the prediction of CO2 conversion ratio and light olefins selectivity. Furthermore, the key input features are optimized by screening for better catalysts and conducting sensitivity analysis. After optimization, the system's avoidable exergy destruction is significantly saved by 32.27 %, resulting in an enhancement in exergy efficiency by 8.12 %.
二氧化碳制轻烯烃技术是缓解温室效应和推进绿色能源解决方案的重要方法。然而,很少有文献对其热力学性能进行全面分析和优化。本研究提出了一种可解释的机器学习辅助高级放能分析和优化框架,以确定实际的改进潜力,并确定优化该系统的有效策略。先进的放能分析方法旨在识别可避免的放能破坏和系统组件之间的相互作用,同时整合可解释的机器学习模型,通过特征重要性分析提供提高系统放能效的关键参数。研究结果表明,该系统的能量损耗达 656.06 兆瓦,其中 96.81% 的能量损耗归因于内生因素,约 66.51% 的能量损耗是可以避免的。与其他机器学习模型相比,随机森林模型具有更高的预测准确性,该模型与可解释的夏普利加法解释方法相结合,可识别出系统中最关键的参数。结果表明,催化剂特性对系统输出性能的影响最大,对预测结果的贡献率高达 66.1%。活性组分类型、反应温度和促进剂含量对二氧化碳转化率和轻烯烃选择性的预测贡献最大。此外,通过筛选更好的催化剂和进行敏感性分析,对关键输入特征进行了优化。优化后,系统可避免的放能破坏显著减少了 32.27%,放能效率提高了 8.12%。
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引用次数: 0
Realizing the promise of concentrating solar power for thermal desalination: A review of technology configurations and optimizations 实现聚光太阳能热海水淡化的前景:技术配置和优化回顾
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115022
Muhammad Imran Khan , Faisal Asfand , Sami G. Al-Ghamdi , Yusuf Bicer , Mushtaq Khan , Muhammad Farooq , Apostolos Pesyridis
The global freshwater crisis poses an existential threat to sustainable development worldwide. Desalination has emerged as a critical solution, but conventional fossil-fuel plants are energy-intensive and emit substantial greenhouse gases. Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers a promising renewable pathway to drive thermal desalination processes. However, CSP-desalination integration requires thoughtful system configuration design to maximize efficiency. This review consolidates insights from diverse case studies worldwide, highlighting the merits of CSP-desalination integration, such as significantly improved energy efficiency and sustainability through the utilization of renewable solar energy and enabling multi-generation systems for combined electricity, water, and heating services. The review's novelty lies in its systematic assessment of modeling simulations, pilot facilities, and commercial plants to elucidate key learnings on technical configurations and optimizations. It also proposes innovative configurations to enhance system efficiency and performance. The review identifies and analyzes optimization strategies employed in the reviewed case studies, including the role of thermal storage for 24-h operation, cogeneration for enhanced energy utilization, and multi-generation systems for combined electricity, water, and heating services. Recognizing the growing interest in hybrid systems, this review specifically examines the integration of thermal and membrane desalination processes driven by CSP, highlighting potential synergies and performance enhancements. The review provides a critical assessment of the diverse case demonstrations proving the technical viability of concentrated solar desalination under proper design conditions. It offers valuable insights on configurations that maximize renewable energy utilization and minimize water costs tailored to local ambient and operational parameters. Furthermore, it provides a forward-looking perspective by exploring the application of supercritical CO2 cycles in CSP-desalination systems, examining their potential for high-temperature heat supply without compromising power generation efficiency.
全球淡水危机对全世界的可持续发展构成了生存威胁。海水淡化已成为一个重要的解决方案,但传统的化石燃料发电厂能源密集,并排放大量温室气体。聚光太阳能(CSP)为推动热海水淡化过程提供了一条前景广阔的可再生途径。然而,聚光太阳能发电与海水淡化的整合需要深思熟虑的系统配置设计,以最大限度地提高效率。本综述综合了世界各地不同案例研究的见解,强调了 CSP-海水淡化一体化的优点,例如通过利用可再生太阳能显著提高能源效率和可持续性,并实现多发电系统的电力、水和供热服务。该综述的新颖之处在于它对模型模拟、试验设施和商业工厂进行了系统评估,以阐明技术配置和优化方面的关键经验。它还提出了提高系统效率和性能的创新配置。综述确定并分析了所审查的案例研究中采用的优化策略,包括热存储在 24 小时运行中的作用、热电联产在提高能源利用率中的作用,以及多发电系统在电力、水和供热综合服务中的作用。考虑到人们对混合系统的兴趣与日俱增,本综述特别研究了由 CSP 驱动的热能和膜法海水淡化过程的整合,强调了潜在的协同作用和性能提升。综述对各种案例演示进行了批判性评估,证明了聚光太阳能海水淡化在适当设计条件下的技术可行性。它为根据当地环境和运行参数最大限度地利用可再生能源和最小化水成本的配置提供了宝贵的见解。此外,它还提供了一个前瞻性视角,探讨了超临界二氧化碳循环在聚光太阳能海水淡化系统中的应用,研究了其在不影响发电效率的情况下提供高温热能的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in longitudinal spatial area marine photovoltaics 纵向空间区域海洋光伏技术的最新进展
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115036
Song Lv , Mengying Lu , Wenzhuo Liu , Xianglin Li , Wenhao Lv , Zhe Liu , Xuanchen Dong , Tonghui Lu , Bowen Yang
Photovoltaic power generation technology converts sunlight directly into electricity without any heat engine interference, offering a new solution to address the growing energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, land-based photovoltaic systems face challenges such as limited space availability, intense heating of photovoltaic cells, dust deposition, and shading effects. The focus on solar energy is gradually shifting towards the ocean. Marine photovoltaic systems can effectively overcome the limitations of land-based photovoltaics, avoiding shading, utilizing a broader space, and utilizing seawater as a cooling medium to reduce the temperature of photovoltaic systems. Currently, numerous review articles emphasize marine floating photovoltaics, yet there is a lack of commentary on marine longitudinal space photovoltaic power generation systems. Therefore, this review meticulously introduces the latest research progress in marine photovoltaic systems, encompassing floating photovoltaic systems, fixed pile foundation photovoltaic systems, photovoltaic systems applied to ocean-going vessels, and underwater photovoltaic systems. The spatial division rules of sea level, above sea surface and below sea surface are used to summarize. The work thoroughly analyzes the factors influencing the efficiency and performance of each system. Furthermore, an economic and feasibility evaluation is conducted for each system, providing a robust research foundation for the future development and application of marine photovoltaic technology.
光伏发电技术可将太阳光直接转化为电能,不受热机干扰,为解决日益严重的能源危机和环境污染问题提供了新的解决方案。然而,陆基光伏系统面临着空间有限、光伏电池发热剧烈、灰尘沉积和遮阳效应等挑战。人们对太阳能的关注正逐渐转向海洋。海洋光伏系统可以有效克服陆基光伏的局限性,避免遮挡,利用更广阔的空间,并利用海水作为冷却介质,降低光伏系统的温度。目前,许多综述文章都强调了海洋漂浮光伏发电,但缺乏对海洋纵向空间光伏发电系统的评论。因此,本综述细致介绍了海洋光伏系统的最新研究进展,包括浮式光伏系统、固定桩基光伏系统、应用于远洋船舶的光伏系统以及水下光伏系统。采用海平面、海面以上和海面以下的空间划分规则进行归纳总结。研究深入分析了影响各系统效率和性能的因素。此外,还对每个系统进行了经济和可行性评估,为未来海洋光伏技术的开发和应用提供了坚实的研究基础。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of photovoltaic solar energy on soil carbon: A global systematic review and framework 光伏太阳能对土壤碳的影响:全球系统性审查和框架
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115032
Noah Z. Krasner , Jessica Fox , Alona Armstrong , Kathleen Ave , Fabio Carvalho , Yudi Li , Leroy J. Walston , Michael P. Ricketts , Sarah M. Jordaan , Majdi Abou Najm , Heidi M. Hartmann , Rebecca Lybrand , Rebecca R. Hernandez
Globally, solar energy is anticipated to be the primary source of electricity as early as 2050, and the greatest additions in capacity are currently in the form of large, ground-mounted photovoltaic solar energy facilities (GPVs). Growing interest lies in understanding and anticipating opportunities to increase soil carbon sequestration across the footprint and perimeter of both conventional and multi-use GPVs (e.g., ecovoltaics, agrivoltaics, and rangevolatics), especially as operators increasingly deputize as land managers. To date, studies on the relationship between soils and PV solar energy are limited to unique, localized sites. This study employed a systematic review to (i) identify a global corpus of 18 studies on interactions between GPVs and soils, (ii) collect and characterize 113 soil and soil-related experimental variables interacting with GPVs from this corpus, and (iii) synthesize trends among these experimental variables. Next, this study combined data from the systematic review with an iterative, knowledge co-production approach to produce a conceptual model for the study of soil and GPV interactions that applies to multiple installation types, scales, and contexts where GPVs are deployed, and identified research opportunities, threats, and priorities. This study's baseline understanding, conceptual model, and co-produced knowledge confer unique insight into the feasibility of combining soil carbon sequestration with the climate change mitigation potential of PV solar energy.
在全球范围内,预计太阳能最早将在 2050 年成为主要的电力来源,而目前最大的新增发电量是大型地面光伏太阳能设施(GPV)。人们对了解和预测在传统和多用途 GPV(如生态光伏、农业光伏和牧场光伏)的占地面积和周边地区增加土壤固碳的机会越来越感兴趣,特别是当运营商越来越多地成为土地管理者的时候。迄今为止,有关土壤与光伏太阳能之间关系的研究仅限于独特的局部地点。本研究采用了系统性回顾的方法:(i) 识别全球 18 个关于 GPV 与土壤之间相互作用的研究语料库;(ii) 从这些语料库中收集 113 个与 GPV 相互作用的土壤和土壤相关实验变量并描述其特征;(iii) 综合这些实验变量之间的趋势。接下来,本研究将系统综述的数据与迭代、知识共同生产的方法相结合,为土壤与 GPV 的相互作用研究建立了一个概念模型,该模型适用于多种安装类型、规模和 GPV 部署的环境,并确定了研究机会、威胁和优先事项。这项研究的基线认识、概念模型和共同生产的知识,为将土壤固碳与光伏太阳能的气候变化减缓潜力相结合的可行性提供了独特的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating smart grid investment drivers and creating effective policies via a fuzzy multi-criteria approach 通过模糊多标准方法评估智能电网投资驱动因素并制定有效政策
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115052
Hasan Dinçer , Raghunathan Krishankumar , Serhat Yüksel , Fatih Ecer
It is critical to determine which factors impact more smart grid investments and which smart grid investment policy is more suitable for renewable energy projects. Nonetheless, a limited amount of research has focused on this topic, meaning a new study is needed to fill this gap and aid in making decisions under ambiguities. Thus, this research proposes a novel fuzzy group decision-making framework. Twelve drivers are examined through the fuzzy weighted decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (F–DEMATEL–W) methodology. Subsequently, four smart grid investment policies are ranked using fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (F–WASPAS). Hence, one of the novelties of this research is the proposal of a robust decision-making tool named F–DEMATEL–W–WASPAS. Other novelties are: (i) the importance of the indicators/criteria is methodically determined by considering pairwise interactions and weights of experts; (ii) both individualistic expert-driven weight vector and cumulative weight vector of indicators are determined; (iii) alternative policies are ranked with minimum decision parameters; (iv) drivers that are crucial for the effectiveness of smart grid investment are determined with their causal relationship, and (v) smart grid investment policies are ranked reliably. The findings demonstrate that cyber security, sufficient legal procedures, and financial viability are the foremost drivers to increase the effectiveness of smart grid investments. Moreover, encouraging sustainable energy production using financial incentives is the foremost policy, followed by exchanging surplus electricity for the system owners. The work may contribute to the ongoing discussion on designing smart grid investment policies for renewable energy projects.
确定哪些因素会影响更多的智能电网投资以及哪些智能电网投资政策更适合可再生能源项目至关重要。然而,关注这一主题的研究数量有限,这意味着需要一项新的研究来填补这一空白,并帮助在模棱两可的情况下做出决策。因此,本研究提出了一个新颖的模糊群体决策框架。通过模糊加权决策试验和评估实验室(F-DEMATEL-W)方法对 12 个驱动因素进行了研究。随后,使用模糊加权汇总产品评估(F-WASPAS)对四种智能电网投资政策进行排序。因此,本研究的新颖之处在于提出了一种名为 F-DEMATEL-W-WASPAS 的稳健决策工具。其他新颖之处还有(i) 通过考虑配对交互作用和专家权重,有条不紊地确定指标/标准的重要性;(ii) 确定专家驱动的个体化权重向量和指标累积权重向量;(iii) 以最小决策参数对备选政策进行排序;(iv) 确定对智能电网投资有效性至关重要的驱动因素及其因果关系;(v) 对智能电网投资政策进行可靠排序。研究结果表明,网络安全、充分的法律程序和财务可行性是提高智能电网投资有效性的首要驱动因素。此外,利用财政激励措施鼓励可持续能源生产是最重要的政策,其次是为系统所有者交换剩余电力。这项工作可能有助于目前关于为可再生能源项目设计智能电网投资政策的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in battery thermal management for electric vehicles: A comprehensive review of hybrid PCM-metal foam and immersion cooling technologies 电动汽车电池热管理的进展:混合 PCM-金属泡沫和浸入式冷却技术综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115021
C. Suresh , Abhishek Awasthi , Binit Kumar , Seong-kyun Im , Yongseok Jeon
One of the major challenges currently facing electric vehicles (EVs) is the effective thermal management of their battery packs, which significantly impacts both battery performance and longevity. Temperature control is a critical parameter for ensuring efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS), making the development of effective real-time heat dissipation technologies essential. Presently, most EVs utilize indirect liquid-cooling systems, which effectively reduce battery temperatures but are limited by issues such as high pumping power requirements and non-uniform temperature distribution, necessitating further research and optimization. This study examines the limitations of conventional liquid and air-cooling approaches while exploring the development potential of phase change materials (PCM) enhanced with metal foam, integrated with liquid-cooling as a promising alternative. Additionally, the current status of hybrid and immersion cooling systems is comprehensively reviewed. The effects of operational strategies and system design structures on performance and energy consumption are also evaluated. Notably, the hybrid cold plate design demonstrated a 53 % reduction in overall weight compared to the baseline design, which resulted in a 90 % decrease in power consumption. Furthermore, this study explores the impacts of BTMS on the life cycle cost, lifespan, and carbon footprint of EVs batteries. The results indicate that PCM embedded with metal foam, combined with liquid-cooling, is a highly suitable choice for fast-charging and high energy density batteries. Finally, challenges and recommendations for future research are presented to advance the field of battery thermal management systems.
电动汽车(EV)目前面临的主要挑战之一是对电池组进行有效的热管理,这对电池的性能和寿命都有很大影响。温度控制是确保高效电池热管理系统(BTMS)的关键参数,因此开发有效的实时散热技术至关重要。目前,大多数电动汽车采用间接液冷系统,该系统可有效降低电池温度,但受限于高泵功率要求和温度分布不均匀等问题,需要进一步研究和优化。本研究探讨了传统液体冷却和空气冷却方法的局限性,同时探索了与金属泡沫相结合的相变材料(PCM)的发展潜力,并将其与液体冷却结合起来,作为一种有前途的替代方法。此外,还全面回顾了混合冷却和浸入冷却系统的现状。还评估了运行策略和系统设计结构对性能和能耗的影响。值得注意的是,与基线设计相比,混合冷板设计的整体重量减轻了 53%,从而使耗电量降低了 90%。此外,本研究还探讨了 BTMS 对电动汽车电池生命周期成本、寿命和碳足迹的影响。研究结果表明,嵌入金属泡沫的 PCM 与液体冷却相结合,是快速充电和高能量密度电池的最佳选择。最后,还提出了未来研究的挑战和建议,以推动电池热管理系统领域的发展。
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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