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Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal最新文献

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Imputazioni ingiuste e rimborso delle spese legali da parte dello Stato 国家不公平收费和法律费用报销
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.713
Nicola Pascucci
Il contributo esamina l’art. 1 commi 1015 ss. l. 178/2020 e il d. interm. 20 dicembre 2021, che introducono per la prima volta nell’ordinamento processuale penale italiano una disciplina generale sul rimborso delle spese legali agli imputati assolti da parte dello Stato. Le previsioni costituiscono un notevole passo avanti, ma presentano gravi e diffuse criticità nel perimetro applicativo, nei termini di presentazione dell’istanza e nei rapporti con altri istituti processuali. Anche la loro collocazione, al di fuori del codice di procedura penale, pare inopportuna. Inoltre, le somme stanziate dallo Stato (otto milioni di euro annui) sono del tutto insufficienti a garantire l’effettività della disciplina, se rapportate al numero di assoluzioni, desumibili dalle statistiche ufficiali. L’Autore delinea proposte di riforma, anche alla luce dei dati ministeriali sul numero e sull’esito dei procedimenti.
这篇文章考察了艺术。1逗号1015 ss。l.178/2020和d.interm。2021年12月20日,在意大利刑事诉讼系统中首次引入了一项关于向被国家宣判无罪的被告偿还法律费用的一般规定。这些预测是向前迈出的重要一步,但在申请范围、提交申请以及与其他程序机构的关系方面都存在严重和广泛的批评。他们在《刑事诉讼法》之外的位置似乎也不合适。此外,如果与官方统计数据中的无罪释放人数相比,国家拨款(每年800万欧元)完全不足以保证纪律的有效性。提交人概述了改革建议,同时也参考了关于会议次数和结果的部长级数据。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific criticism of “Unlawful prosecution regarding forest ecosystem destruction 对“森林生态系统破坏非法起诉”的科学批评
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.745
R. G. Garrido
This scientific criticism was based on what was proposed in the article “Unlawful prosecution regarding forest ecosystem destruction,” aiming to expand its discussion, especially from a comparison between the Polish and the Brazilian reality. For this purpose, exploratory, documentary, and bibliographic research was carried out, allowing the recognition that the similarities in the prosecution of environmental crimes bring both countries closer together than they are further apart despite clear distinctions of environmental reality and criminal procedural diversity, especially concerning evidence.
这一科学批评是基于文章“关于森林生态系统破坏的非法起诉”中提出的内容,旨在扩大讨论范围,特别是通过对波兰和巴西现实的比较。为此目的,进行了探索性研究、文献研究和书目研究,认识到环境犯罪起诉方面的相似之处使两国联系更紧密,而不是彼此疏远,尽管环境现实和刑事诉讼程序的多样性,特别是在证据方面存在明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Unlawful prosecution in the case regarding the destruction of a forest eco-system 关于破坏森林生态系统案件的非法起诉
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.711
D. Solodov, E. Zębek
The overall complexity of the subject matter and the required high level of expertise make environmental crime investigations quite a challenging task for law enforcement. The clandestine nature of environmental offences combined with the environmental law’s intricacy is among the reasons behind prosecutorial failures. The authors analyze a criminal case regarding illegal deforestation, which eventually ended up in an acquittal. By retracing the steps that led to wrongful prosecution and accusations in this criminal case, the authors reflect on some legal and practical challenges concerning environmental crime investigations in Europe and in Poland, including the problem of timely detection of environmental infringements, the use of proper evidence-gathering procedures, as well as the issues related to the methodology of environmental damage assessment. In this regard, the authors analyze the provisions of the Environmental Compliance Assurance Guidance “Combating environmental crimes and related infringements” adopted by the EU Commission in 2021.
主题的总体复杂性和所需的高水平专业知识使环境犯罪调查对执法部门来说是一项极具挑战性的任务。环境犯罪的秘密性质加上环境法的复杂性是起诉失败的原因之一。作者分析了一起关于非法砍伐森林的刑事案件,最终宣判无罪。通过追溯导致这起刑事案件中错误起诉和指控的步骤,作者反思了欧洲和波兰环境犯罪调查面临的一些法律和实际挑战,包括及时发现环境侵权行为的问题、使用适当的证据收集程序、,以及与环境损害评估方法有关的问题。在这方面,作者分析了欧盟委员会2021年通过的《环境合规保证指南》“打击环境犯罪和相关侵权行为”的规定。
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引用次数: 1
prisão administrativa de militares por indisciplina e sua (in)compatibilidade com o regime democrático 行政拘留不守纪律的军事人员及其与民主政权的相容性
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.702
Bruno Cavalcante Leitão Santos, Francisco França Júnior
O principal objetivo do presente artigo é diagnosticar e refletir criticamente sobre o descompasso da previsão constitucional da prisão administrativa de militares com as demais previsões da Constituição de 1988. Como problemática central tem-se o questionamento sobre se esse tipo de prisão, realizada por uma autoridade militar sem o crivo prévio do judiciário, seria compatível com o regime democrático? Como hipótese principal, apresenta-se o argumento de que não há compatibilidade entre esse tipo de prisão disciplinar e um regime democrático, assim como também não há relação de causalidade sustentável coerentemente entre essa ameaça de prisão e a manutenção da hierarquia e da disciplina militares, no que classificamos os argumentos de seus defensores como falaciosos. Por fim, para cumprir o objetivo proposto, utilizamos o método hipotético-dedutivo, em uma abordagem essencialmente qualitativa, bem como a técnica da revisão de literatura (doutrinária e legislativa), com referenciais teóricos entre as doutrinas constitucional, antropológica, criminológica e processual penal.
本文的主要目的是诊断和批判性地反思军事行政监狱的宪法规定与1988年宪法的其他规定之间的不匹配。一个中心问题是,这种由军事当局在没有司法审查的情况下进行的逮捕是否符合民主政权?假说,是剧本的怎么没有那种纪律监狱之间的兼容性和这样的一个民主制度,也没有可持续的持续威胁之间的因果关系和维护等级制度和军事纪律的拥护者,我们分类参数的谬误。最后,为了实现提出的目标,我们使用了假设-演绎的方法,本质上是定性的方法,以及文献综述技术(理论和立法),理论参考之间的宪法,人类学,犯罪学和刑事诉讼理论。
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引用次数: 0
Processo Penal e Inteligência Artificial 刑事诉讼与人工智能
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.709
Hugo Luz dos Santos
A inteligência artificial e a internet das coisas (internet of things), herdeiras legitimárias da quarta revolução industrial, mudarão para sempre o processo penal talqualmente o conhecemos. Este artigo doutrinal pretende, concretamente, dar conta do equilíbrio – muito difícil – entre a inteligência artificial e os direitos fundamentais do arguido em processo penal. Principalmente o direito à privacidade mental do arguido, que deriva do nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare. É da sinalização dessas mudanças abruptas no desenho funcional do processo penal que este artigo doutrinal curará.
人工智能和物联网,第四次工业革命的合法继承者,将永远改变我们所知的犯罪过程。这篇理论性文章旨在具体解释人工智能与刑事诉讼中被告基本权利之间的平衡——这是非常困难的。特别是被告的精神隐私权,它源于对被告的指控。这篇理论性文章将治愈刑事诉讼程序功能设计中的这些突然变化。
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引用次数: 0
Achieving Judgment by Means of Forensic Science During the Criminal Proceedings in Romania 罗马尼亚刑事诉讼中的司法科学实现判决
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.672
Delia Magherescu
Achieving the function of judgment by means of forensic science during the criminal proceedings in Romania has presented a real challenge for the judicial system during the years. This challenge must be integrated within the general framework of justice in criminal matters, based primarily on the traditional principles as well as the European ones, such as due process and solving penal cases in reasonable time. The current paper aims to analyze the function of judgment and its achievement through scientific techniques and methods provided by the forensic sciences. Another aim is to consider the penal procedure imperative which leads to ensuring a fair trial. The current paper is part of a research project conducted on the three functions of penal proceedings - accusation, defense and judgment - and their achievement by means of forensic science. The research results state that regarding the function of judgment, its achievement still creates difficulties for judges in their judicial activity of interpreting scientific evidence gathered and examined by the forensic experts. This aspect indicates that there is a lack of understanding the forensic evidence among judges. Despite this deficiency that exists in the judicial activity of solving penal cases and pronouncing decision based on the forensic evidence, it is useful for judges to take into account the forensic science investigation in an inter-professional approach provided by the forensic science. In this context, the forensic experts work in close cooperation with other practitioners, such as legal forensic scientists.
多年来,在罗马尼亚的刑事诉讼中,通过法医学实现判决功能对司法系统构成了真正的挑战。这一挑战必须纳入刑事司法的总体框架,主要基于传统原则和欧洲原则,如正当程序和在合理时间内解决刑事案件。本文旨在通过法医学提供的科学技术和方法来分析判断的功能及其成就。另一个目的是考虑刑事程序的必要性,以确保公平审判。本文是一个研究项目的一部分,该项目通过法医学的方法对刑事诉讼的三种功能——指控、辩护和判决——及其成就进行了研究。研究结果表明,就判决的功能而言,其成就仍然给法官解释法医专家收集和审查的科学证据的司法活动带来了困难。这一方面表明法官对法医学证据缺乏了解。尽管在解决刑事案件和根据法医证据宣布判决的司法活动中存在这一缺陷,但法官在法医学提供的跨专业方法中考虑法医学调查是有益的。在这方面,法医专家与法律法医学家等其他从业人员密切合作。
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引用次数: 1
Las condiciones normativas del juicio de hecho y el denominado principio de razón suficiente, a propósito del recurso de nulidad en el proceso penal chileno 事实审判的规范条件和所谓的充分理由原则,关于智利刑事诉讼中的无效上诉
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.688
Carlos Del Río Ferretti
En este trabajo se formula un análisis procesal del denominado principio de razón suficiente utilizado en el proceso penal chileno. Para ello se parte por fijar conceptos previos sobre las condiciones normativas del juicio de hecho en relación al mérito probatorio del proceso, con el fin de examinar en ese marco y contexto el sentido y el provecho que se ha querido atribuir al principio de razón suficiente, y las consecuencias que de ahí derivan para la recta aplicación del recurso de nulidad. Al respecto se ofrece un razonamiento dogmático que pretende demostrar que el principio en cuestión es un concepto innecesario y erróneo en el régimen jurídico chileno.
本文对智利刑事诉讼中使用的所谓充分理由原则进行了程序分析。为此,它首先确定了与程序的证据价值有关的事实审判规范条件的先决条件,以便在这一框架和背景下审查充分理由原则的意义和好处,以及由此产生的对直接适用无效上诉的后果。在这方面,提出了一种教条主义的推理,旨在证明有关原则是智利法律制度中不必要和错误的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Erros judiciários em tempos de digital surveillance 数字监控时代的司法错误
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.720
L. Cani, João Alcântara Nunes
Os tradicionais problemas do reconhecimento pessoal, mormente quando realizado em álbuns fotográficos, foram repaginados e receberam verniz científico-tecnológico com a introdução de algoritmos de reconhecimento facial. A pandemia de coronavírus serviu de justificativa para a multiplicação dessas tecnologias, a pretexto do combate ao vírus. Assim foi que, em muitos lugares, como a Inglaterra e os EUA, esses algoritmos passaram a ser utilizados na persecução penal, não raro sob o argumento de redução da subjetividade dos depoimentos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é indagar como o reconhecimento facial pode produzir novos erros judiciários. Os objetivos específicos são abordar o uso de câmeras de monitoramento com reconhecimento facial para vigilância digital, analisar alguns aspectos do incremento das medidas securitárias durante a pandemia, investigar os erros judiciários em reconhecimentos de pessoas e explicar como os erros judiciários podem ocorrer durante o uso dessas câmeras. A hipótese da qual se parte é que essa tecnologia, por um lado, não pode cumprir condições mínimas de avaliação de confiabilidade probatória, e, por outro, ao ser aplicada a imagens, não passa de uma atualização, em muitos casos bastante malfeita, dos problemáticos reconhecimentos fotográficos. Utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
随着面部识别算法的引入,个人识别的传统问题,尤其是在相册中表现出来的问题,被重新分页,并被涂上了科学技术的清漆。新冠病毒大流行以抗击病毒为借口,为这些技术的普及提供了理由。因此,在许多地方,如英国和美国,这些算法开始被用于刑事起诉,通常是在降低证词主观性的论点下。在这种背景下,本文的目的是研究面部识别如何产生新的司法错误。具体目标是解决使用面部识别监控摄像头进行数字监控的问题,分析疫情期间加强安全措施的某些方面,调查识别人员时的司法错误,并解释在使用这些摄像头时如何出现司法错误。假设是,一方面,这项技术无法满足评估证明可靠性的最低条件,另一方面,当应用于图像时,它只不过是对有问题的照片识别的更新,在许多情况下做得很差。我们使用了假设演绎法和书目研究技术。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial of dossier “Wrongful convictions and prosecutions: current status, causes, correction and reparation mechanisms” “冤案冤案:现状、原因、纠正和赔偿机制”档案编辑
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.746
Mauricio Duce, Keith Findley
This paper provides an overview of several central topics for comparative research on wrongful convictions and prosecutions (near misses). The work addresses three issues: studies that attempt to establish the quantity or frequency of errors; research that investigates the factors that increase the likelihood of their occurrence; and, finally, research on the mechanisms for correcting and compensating them. In each area, advances in available knowledge are identified, but also that we are still far from having all the information that would be required. We aim to serve as an introduction to this special issue of the RBDPP and as a starting point for those who wish to know state of the art on the subject.
本文概述了错误定罪和起诉(未遂)比较研究的几个核心主题。这项工作涉及三个问题:试图确定错误数量或频率的研究;调查增加其发生可能性的因素的研究;最后,对它们的纠正和补偿机制进行了研究。在每一个领域,都发现了现有知识的进步,但我们还远远没有掌握所需的所有信息。我们的目的是介绍RBDPP的这一特刊,并作为那些希望了解该主题最新技术的人的起点。
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引用次数: 0
role of the constitutional courts and ECtHR in shaping negotiated justice mechanisms 宪法法院和欧洲人权法院在形成协商司法机制方面的作用
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i1.681
D. Czerwińska
The article analyses the role of constitutional courts of Germany, France and Italy in shaping negotiated justice mechanisms in these countries with regard to their procedural and – to some extent – substantive fairness as well as the role of the ECtHR in establishing common standards of fairness of such settlements. In each of the analysed countries, as well as in the case law of the EctHR, it was frequently questioned whether institutions similar to plea bargaining are conform to continental constitutional concepts as well as the standard of the fair trial derived from the ECHR. The role of constitutional courts and the ECtHR in shaping fairness of criminal justice settlements has been non-negligible, although differed in compared legal systems: in France and in case of ECtHR it has rather been a controlling one, whereas in Germany and Italy significant tensions between constitutional courts and the legislature as well as lower courts have arisen and had to be resolved.
这篇文章分析了德国、法国和意大利的宪法法院在形成这些国家的谈判司法机制方面在程序上和在某种程度上在实质上的公正性方面的作用,以及欧洲人权法院在确立这种解决的公正性的共同标准方面的作用。在所分析的每一个国家,以及在欧洲人权法院的判例法中,经常有人质疑类似于辩诉交易的制度是否符合大陆宪法概念以及来自欧洲人权法院的公平审判标准。宪法法院和欧洲人权法院在形成公平的刑事司法解决方案方面的作用是不可忽视的,尽管在比较的法律制度中有所不同:在法国和欧洲人权法院的情况下,它是一种控制性的作用,而在德国和意大利,宪法法院与立法机关以及下级法院之间出现了严重的紧张关系,必须加以解决。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal
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