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Vigencia de la dogmática penal en los sistemas de enjuiciamiento criminal que coexisten en Colombia 刑事教条在哥伦比亚共存的刑事诉讼制度中的有效性
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.734
Norberto Hernández-Jiménez, Jose Fernando Mestre-Ordoñez
En este artículo se analizan algunas situaciones evidenciadas en la tramitación del rito procesal colombiano, como (i) las implicaciones del juzgamiento en ausencia del procesado, (ii) la afectación de la congruencia entre acusación y sentencia, (iii) la contabilización de los términos de prescripción, (iv) la diferenciación del archivo y la preclusión y (v) la adecuada relación de hechos jurídicamente relevantes. Con base en lo anterior, se cuestiona si ¿la solución procesal de los diferentes asuntos criminales puede concretarse sin necesidad de abordar las cuestiones sustanciales y la aplicación de la dogmática penal? Recurriendo a una dinámica inductiva y tras agotar una revisión bibliográfica, que incluye el análisis de jurisprudencia colombiana, se concluye que aunque las normas sustanciales y las procesales tienen su propio ámbito de regulación y aplicación, entre ambas debe existir una fusión inevitable, como lo pregonaba Bernardo Gaitán Mahecha.
本文讨论了某些情况下采访在哥伦比亚的程序办理仪式,如(1)加工,缺席审判的影响(二)严重指控和句子之间的和谐,(iii)记录时效条款,(iv)存档和不容反悔的区别(v)的适当法律相关的事实关系。在此基础上,提出的问题是,在不涉及实质性问题和刑事教条的适用的情况下,能否实现对各种刑事问题的程序性解决?通过一个又一个积极的生活在一个文献综述,包括哥伦比亚法理学分析得出结论,尽管实质性规则和程序管理和执行本国领土合并,两者之间必须存在某种不可避免,正如pregonaba伯纳德Gaitán Mahecha。
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引用次数: 0
A vueltas con la duda razonable y la lógica difusa: 回到合理的怀疑和模糊的逻辑:
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.750
J. Vera
En este trabajo se explorará la utilización de la lógica de los enunciados difusos a la aplicación del estándar de la duda razonable que está presente en buena parte de los sistemas de justicia penal de la cultura del common law y del civil law. Sugeriré la construcción de una regla heurística que opere sobre la base de la ponderación de las generalizaciones epistémicas y la relación entre ellas respecto de la hipótesis inculpatoria a través de la aplicación de las propiedades de la unión y conjunción de la lógica difusa.
本文将探讨模糊陈述逻辑在合理怀疑标准应用中的运用,合理怀疑标准存在于大多数普通法和大陆法系刑事司法体系中。我将提出一种启发式规则的构建,通过应用模糊逻辑的并集和合集属性,在加权认识论泛化的基础上,以及它们之间关于有罪假设的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Presuntivismo e falsa contraposição entre mentira e verdade: duas possíveis causas para seguirmos ignorando o impacto de fatores como a passagem do tempo e as informações pós-evento no processo penal. 推定主义和谎言与真相的虚假对立:我们在刑事诉讼中继续忽视时间流逝和事后信息等因素的影响的两个可能原因。
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.740
Vitor De Paula Ramos
O presente estudo aborda a passagem do tempo e a informação pós-evento como dois fatores com potencial impacto na prova testemunhal que, apesar de provados cientificamente há tempos, seguem sem tratamento adequado no processo penal. O artigo pretende responder a dois questionamentos: (i) por que, diante de tantas evidências científicas, fatores como a passagem do tempo e as informações pós-evento seguem sendo ignorados pelo direito e, especificamente, pelo processo penal?; (ii) como é possível desenhar o processo penal para que esse passe a considerar e a lidar com a passagem do tempo e com as informações pós-evento? Para isso, na primeira parte, são apontadas duas razões que contribuem para manter tais problemas ocultos (presuntivismo e falsa dicotomia entre verdade e mentira); na segunda parte, são apresentados os problemas; e na terceira parte são formuladas três propostas para buscar lidar com esses (produção imediata, quando possível, e existência de protocolos quanto à forma de fazer perguntas e à necessidade de gravação. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica de escritos da psicologia do testemunho, da epistemologia do testemunho e da doutrina do processo penal.
这项研究将时间的流逝和事后信息视为对证词证据有潜在影响的两个因素,尽管这些证据已被科学证明很长一段时间,但在刑事诉讼中仍没有得到充分处理。这篇文章旨在回答两个问题:(一)在有这么多科学证据的情况下,为什么法律,特别是刑事诉讼,继续忽视时间流逝和事后信息等因素?;(ii)如何设计刑事诉讼程序,以便开始考虑和处理时间的流逝和事后信息?为此,在第一部分中,指出了有助于隐藏这些问题的两个原因(真理和谎言之间的假定和错误的二分法);第二部分提出了存在的问题;在第三部分中,提出了三个尝试处理这些问题的建议(在可能的情况下立即产生,以及关于如何提问和记录的必要性的协议的存在)。
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引用次数: 0
No siempre el procedimiento monitorio es garantía de eficiencia en el proceso penal: el caso de Portugal y España 监督程序并不总是刑事诉讼效率的保证:葡萄牙和西班牙的情况
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.731
Guillermo Oliver
En este trabajo se examinan los procedimientos penales monitorios de Portugal y España y se analiza el porqué de su escasa aplicación práctica. Para cada uno de aquellos procedimientos, tras una descripción y una breve valoración crítica de los mismos, basadas principalmente en doctrina de ambos países, se intenta establecer algunas razones que puedan explicar el porqué de su poca aplicación. El trabajo termina con unas breves consideraciones finales, en las que se sintetizan aquellas razones y se afirma que la situación de dichos procedimientos demuestra que la “importación” de instituciones exitosas de sistemas procesales penales foráneos no asegura que su aplicación en el propio sistema también sea exitosa.
葡萄牙和西班牙的刑事监督程序在实践中应用甚微。对于每一种程序,在主要根据两国的理论对其进行描述和简短的批判性评估之后,试图确定一些可能解释其应用不足的原因。工作最后完成对许多考虑,在合成那些原因和称这些程序的情况表明,“进口”机构运行这些系统刑事诉讼程序,不确保成功执行系统本身也。
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引用次数: 0
Declaración de personas vulnerables y preconstitución de la prueba en el proceso penal 在刑事诉讼中,弱势群体的陈述和证据的预先构成
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.742
Coral Arangüena Fanego
El presente trabajo ofrece un análisis crítico del estatuto jurídico de las víctimas vulnerables (menores y personas con discapacidad) con referencia a su marco legal y a las particularidades de su testimonio. Se analizan las novedades incorporadas en el ordenamiento jurídico español por la Ley Orgánica 8/2021 de Protección de la Infancia y la Adolescencia contra la Violencia, que contribuyen a mejorar sustancialmente la toma del testimonio de menores de edad y personas con discapacidad en el proceso penal.
本文根据弱势受害者(未成年人和残疾人)的法律框架和证词的特殊性,对其法律地位进行了批判性分析。分析了关于保护儿童和青少年免受暴力的第8/2021号组织法纳入西班牙法律制度的事态发展,这些事态发展有助于大大改善未成年人和残疾人在刑事诉讼中作证的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Status of a child witness involved in the offence of an adult in criminal procedure 在刑事诉讼中涉及成人犯罪的儿童证人的地位
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.738
Justyna Głębocka
Giving special importance to the rights of the child, international and European instruments set certain standards aimed at strengthening their guarantees. The standards improving the juvenile offender’s status intend to ensure procedures that take account of the child’s welfare and strengthen their procedural position which, otherwise, because of their age and psychophysical development may be more vulnerable than in the case of an adult’s one. They refer directly to a juvenile offender in case of whom legal proceedings are conducted. This paper aims to clarify underlying issues of a specific procedural configuration, where separate proceedings are conducted regarding a juvenile offender, and separate criminal proceedings before a criminal court are run against an accused adult whose act is related to the juvenile’s act. It attempts to answer, in the context of European standards, the question on the most important rights of a juvenile whose punishable act is in a close relation to an act of an adult offender, and who, for this reason, appears in a criminal trial as a witness. This paper takes into account the European Union standards which result from international children’s rights instruments binding across the EU, the child-specific case law of ECtHR as well as the psychological aspects related to the psychophysical development of minors.
国际和欧洲文书特别重视儿童的权利,制订了旨在加强对儿童权利的保障的某些标准。改善少年犯地位的标准旨在确保程序考虑到儿童的福利并加强他们在程序上的地位,否则,由于他们的年龄和心理发育,他们可能比成年人更容易受到伤害。如果对少年犯提起法律诉讼,则直接涉及少年犯。本文旨在澄清特定程序配置的潜在问题,其中针对少年犯进行单独的诉讼,并且在刑事法院对其行为与青少年行为相关的被告成年人进行单独的刑事诉讼。它试图在欧洲标准的范围内回答关于应受惩罚的行为与成年罪犯的行为有密切关系的青少年的最重要权利的问题,并因此在刑事审判中作为证人出现。本文考虑了欧盟标准,这些标准来自于对整个欧盟具有约束力的国际儿童权利文书,欧洲人权法院针对儿童的判例法,以及与未成年人身心发展有关的心理方面。
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引用次数: 0
Discriminación en la persecución penal. 刑事起诉中的歧视。
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.679
J. Stippel, Paul Medina González
El presente artículo aborda la problemática de la persecución penal de los delitos intracarcelarios a la luz del principio de igualdad ante la ley y no discriminación. Nos preguntamos: ¿la reacción institucional frente a delitos en que la víctima es una persona privada de libertad, alcanza el mismo estándar que aquella frente a delitos que ocurren fuera de la cárcel? Para ello, comparamos los resultados de investigaciones criminales realizadas por la Fiscalía de Chile, en un período de 12 años, respecto de delitos de homicidios, lesiones y sexuales, intra y extracarcelarios. Las conclusiones indican que existe una desigualdad en la respuesta institucional que reciben los delitos cometidos dentro de la cárcel, y que esta diferencia implica una discriminación fáctica hacia las víctimas privadas de libertad que resulta en mayores niveles de impunidad, y que les convierte en víctimas de segunda clase.
本文根据法律面前人人平等和不歧视的原则,探讨了对监狱内犯罪的刑事起诉问题。我们想知道:当受害者是被剥夺自由的人时,制度对犯罪的反应是否达到了与发生在监狱外的犯罪相同的标准?本研究的目的是分析智利政府在过去12年里对谋杀、伤害和性犯罪进行的刑事调查的结果。结论表明存在机构响应中的不平等接受罪犯在监狱的事实,而且这一差距意味着歧视受害者被剥夺自由者导致有罪不罚现象,使他们成为水平;二等受害者。
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引用次数: 0
Criminal or nay?” Migrants’ administrative detention within the IAHRS: 是不是罪犯?”国际人权制度框架内的移民行政拘留:
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.732
L. Bernardini
In this paper, several aspects of the administrative detention discipline in the light of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) standards will be addressed. Through a comparative approach, the paper aims at assessing whether the latter provides better protection to detained migrants in respect of other regional systems, such as EU law or ECHR legal framework, from both a substantive and a procedural standpoint. In the first paragraph, a general introduction upon the structure and the aim of the IAHRS will be developed, emphasising the relevant sources of law which have been involved in the creation of such a legal framework. Then, a brief analysis specifically devoted to the migrants’ status within the IAHRS will be offered, also considering the international legal standards on the matter. In the third paragraph I will explain different aspects of administrative detention of migrants—both substantive and procedural ones—in the light of the relevant IAC(t)HR case-law, which might seem to acknowledge its de facto criminal nature. A constant reference to the analogous CJEU and ECtHR jurisprudence on the matter will be provided. Finally, a comparison between Europe and America systems upon different standards of migrants’ administrative deprivation of liberty will be presented, arguing that the IAHRS approach seems more consistent with international law and, with respect to the European legal framework, more attentive to the paramount importance of the fundamental rights and freedoms to be accorded to aliens subjected to allegedly non-criminal custodial measures.
在本文中,将根据美洲人权系统标准讨论行政拘留纪律的几个方面。通过比较方法,本文旨在从实质和程序的角度评估后者是否在其他区域制度(如欧盟法律或欧洲人权公约法律框架)方面为被拘留的移民提供了更好的保护。在第一段中,将对《国际人道法准则》的结构和目标作一般性介绍,强调在建立这种法律框架时所涉及的有关法律渊源。然后,还将考虑到有关这一问题的国际法律标准,专门对移徙者在国际人权制度内的地位进行简要分析。在第三段中,我将根据似乎承认其事实上的刑事性质的有关国际劳工组织(t)人力资源判例法,解释移民行政拘留的不同方面- -包括实质性和程序性方面。将经常参考欧洲法院和欧洲人权法院在这个问题上的类似判例。最后,将比较欧洲和美国在行政剥夺移徙者自由的不同标准上的制度,认为国际人审制度的办法似乎更符合国际法,而且就欧洲法律框架而言,更注意到给予据称受到非刑事拘留措施的外国人的基本权利和自由的最高重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Regulation of Money Laundering and Corporate Criminal Responsibility in Spain: 西班牙对洗钱和企业刑事责任的监管:
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.730
Ayelén Anzola, Marina Oliveira Teixeira dos Santos
Initiating with the conceptualization of who are Virtual Asset Service Providers (hence forward: exchangers), especially the ones who work with virtual exchangeable assets, this paper aims to study the high risk their activities suppose on increasing money laundering and what are Spain’s legal framework on money laundering and if they can be enforced on exchangers, based not only on the national legislation but also on the European Union’s existing directives on the subject. Moreover, it will be analysed the role of compliance as a practical procedure tool to prevent money laundering in exchangers activities and how the current legislation in Spain already promotes that, as the current criminal law extinguishes responsibility of legal persons who demonstrate an effective compliance program if they fulfil all requisites. Hence, this paper will be able to make a comprehensive study on exchangers, who they are and what are their activities as regulated in Spain’s legal framework. Therefore, is going to answer the investigation’s main question regarding the role of compliance to deter money laundering in this focus group.
从谁是虚拟资产服务提供商(因此向前:交易所)的概念开始,特别是那些使用虚拟可交换资产的人,本文旨在研究他们的活动对增加洗钱的高风险,以及西班牙关于洗钱的法律框架是什么,以及是否可以对交易所强制执行,不仅基于国家立法,还基于欧盟现有的关于该主题的指令。此外,还将分析合规作为防止交易所活动中洗钱的实用程序工具的作用,以及西班牙现行立法如何促进这一点,因为现行刑法消除了法人的责任,如果他们满足所有必要条件,则证明了有效的合规方案。因此,本文将能够全面研究交易所,他们是谁以及他们在西班牙法律框架下的活动。因此,将在这个焦点小组中回答调查的主要问题,即合规在阻止洗钱方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Le cause degli errori giudiziari e i meccanismi di prevenzione e riparazione delle condanne e imputazioni ingiuste 不当行为的原因以及防止和纠正不公正定罪和指控的机制
IF 0.3 Q3 LAW Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.22197/rbdpp.v8i3.716
Domenico Mastro
Il contributo si propone di indagare i molteplici fattori, anche di carattere istituzionale, dai quali traggono origine gli errori giudiziari considerati elementi ineludibili di ogni sistema processuale. L’opera, oltre ad analizzare l’influenza che il processo penale mediatico può determinare sul libero convincimento del giudice, esamina alcuni casi emblematici di condanne pronunciate su false confessioni, errata percezione di comunicazioni intercettate, testimonianze inaffidabili e ricognizioni scorrette senza tralasciare gli errori commessi sulla scena del crimine originati, nella maggior parte delle ipotesi, da inesperienze o disattenzioni del personale investigativo.  Vengono individuati, in una prospettiva de iure condendo, i possibili rimedi finalizzati ad evitare condanne o imputazioni ingiuste o, quantomeno, a ridurre i drammatici effetti che gli errori giudiziari provocano, in via immediata e diretta, sulla sfera personale e patrimoniale della vittima di una errata amministrazione della giustizia. Infine, l’A. si sofferma sugli strumenti riparatori previsti dal sistema giuridico italiano analizzando non soltanto la loro funzione ma anche i criteri che il giudice deve considerare nella quantificazione dell’indennizzo.
本文旨在研究司法错误产生的多重因素,包括制度因素,这些因素被认为是任何程序体系中不可避免的因素。这项工作除了分析媒体刑事审判对法官自由定罪的影响外,还审查了一些具有象征意义的定罪案件,这些案件涉及虚假供词、对截获的通信的错误感知、不可靠的证词和不正确的侦察,而不忽视在犯罪现场犯下的错误,在大多数情况下,原因是调查人员缺乏经验或粗心大意。它从法律的角度确定了可能的补救措施,旨在避免不公正的定罪或指控,或者至少减少司法错误立即直接对不正确司法行为受害者的个人和遗产领域造成的巨大影响。最后,A。重点关注意大利法律体系提供的补救措施,不仅分析了这些补救措施的功能,还分析了法官在量化赔偿时必须考虑的标准。
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引用次数: 0
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Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal
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