Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2022.2144601
D. Dendooven
ABSTRACT The ‘cultural archive’ is a concept that is central to Gloria Wekker’s White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race. In my contribution, I apply the concept to the study of the First World War. After outlining the various discourses within the colonial empires on the deployment of African troops in the war, I take a closer look at how the African soldier was portrayed in the press and propaganda of the various belligerents. What was the impact of the deployment of African soldiers on the creation of the cultural archive, both among the colonized and the colonizers, and how is this reflected in the way the First World War is studied, remembered and commemorated, both within and outside academia?
{"title":"White … or Not Quite: The Representation of African Soldiers of the First World War","authors":"D. Dendooven","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2022.2144601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2022.2144601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ‘cultural archive’ is a concept that is central to Gloria Wekker’s White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race. In my contribution, I apply the concept to the study of the First World War. After outlining the various discourses within the colonial empires on the deployment of African troops in the war, I take a closer look at how the African soldier was portrayed in the press and propaganda of the various belligerents. What was the impact of the deployment of African soldiers on the creation of the cultural archive, both among the colonized and the colonizers, and how is this reflected in the way the First World War is studied, remembered and commemorated, both within and outside academia?","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81043872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2020.1754673
D. de Ruysscher
ABSTRACT Over the past decades, legal historians have become more cautious when it comes to rules that in the Middle Ages and the early modern period were defined as ‘(old) customs’. Earlier optimistic appraisals as to the age of such rules have been challenged. This article argues that efforts of debunking should be combined with a more thorough analysis of the legal consciousness of past societies. It proposes to look at old municipal private law, not as a set of rules fixed by tradition, but rather as a malleable body of norms. The symbolic qualities of law were such that renewal and rephrasal could be combined with an ideology of conservation. It was perfectly possible for administrators to promote new rules as being a part of an ‘age-old law’ of the city or the land, without breaching the implicit conventions as to the qualities of law. However, as will be demonstrated further, there were limits to the agency of administrators in this regard. The codes as to the features of law marked boundaries that had to be taken seriously.
{"title":"Customs and Municipal Law: The Symbolic Authority of the Past (Low Countries, 16th–17th Century)","authors":"D. de Ruysscher","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2020.1754673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2020.1754673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past decades, legal historians have become more cautious when it comes to rules that in the Middle Ages and the early modern period were defined as ‘(old) customs’. Earlier optimistic appraisals as to the age of such rules have been challenged. This article argues that efforts of debunking should be combined with a more thorough analysis of the legal consciousness of past societies. It proposes to look at old municipal private law, not as a set of rules fixed by tradition, but rather as a malleable body of norms. The symbolic qualities of law were such that renewal and rephrasal could be combined with an ideology of conservation. It was perfectly possible for administrators to promote new rules as being a part of an ‘age-old law’ of the city or the land, without breaching the implicit conventions as to the qualities of law. However, as will be demonstrated further, there were limits to the agency of administrators in this regard. The codes as to the features of law marked boundaries that had to be taken seriously.","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03096564.2020.1754673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59813157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2022.2046424
R. E. Gregg
ABSTRACT Anton van den Wyngaerde’s (c. 1490–1571) Panorama of Walcheren (after c. 1548) depicts the entire Island and the North Sea across ten metres of rolled paper. As the scene unfurls, viewers travel across Walcheren’s dikes, roads, and waterways. Staffage accompanies the viewer on this mental journey, animating the topographical vision. Comparison with Jacob van Deventer’s (c. 1500/5–1575) maps of Walcheren’s largest cities (c. 1550) demonstrates van den Wyngaerde’s pictorial style. His style’s potential for cinematic absorption was suited to the panorama’s intended audience and location. A version of this panorama hung in the Palacio de El Pardo of Philip II (1527–1598), King of Spain, by September 1564. That painted panorama, now lost, brought before the king’s eyes an illustrated account of the Island’s economic and defensive significance. Strolling the length of the gallery, Philip could envision past time spent on Walcheren and find himself immersed in the Island’s cultural experiences while being reminded of its position. The viewing experience offered the king of Spain a microcosmic synecdoche of his imperial power.
Anton van den Wyngaerde(约1490-1571)的《瓦尔切伦全景图》(约1548年后)用10米长的卷纸描绘了整个瓦尔切伦岛和北海。随着场景的展开，观众们穿过沃尔切伦的堤坝、道路和水道。工作人员陪同观众进行这一精神之旅，使地形视觉栩栩如生。与Jacob van Deventer(约1500/5-1575)绘制的Walcheren最大城市的地图(约1550)比较，可以看出van den Wyngaerde的绘画风格。他的风格对电影吸收的潜力适合全景的目标观众和地点。1564年9月，这幅全景图的一个版本悬挂在西班牙国王菲利普二世(1527-1598)的Palacio de El Pardo宫。这幅已失传的画卷向国王展示了该岛的经济和防御意义。漫步在画廊里，菲利普可以想象过去在沃尔切伦度过的时光，发现自己沉浸在岛上的文化体验中，同时提醒自己它的位置。这一观赏性体验为西班牙国王提供了对其皇权的微观隐喻。
{"title":"Journeys Across Zeelandia: Anton Van Den Wyngaerde’s Panorama of Walcheren and Philip II","authors":"R. E. Gregg","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2022.2046424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2022.2046424","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anton van den Wyngaerde’s (c. 1490–1571) Panorama of Walcheren (after c. 1548) depicts the entire Island and the North Sea across ten metres of rolled paper. As the scene unfurls, viewers travel across Walcheren’s dikes, roads, and waterways. Staffage accompanies the viewer on this mental journey, animating the topographical vision. Comparison with Jacob van Deventer’s (c. 1500/5–1575) maps of Walcheren’s largest cities (c. 1550) demonstrates van den Wyngaerde’s pictorial style. His style’s potential for cinematic absorption was suited to the panorama’s intended audience and location. A version of this panorama hung in the Palacio de El Pardo of Philip II (1527–1598), King of Spain, by September 1564. That painted panorama, now lost, brought before the king’s eyes an illustrated account of the Island’s economic and defensive significance. Strolling the length of the gallery, Philip could envision past time spent on Walcheren and find himself immersed in the Island’s cultural experiences while being reminded of its position. The viewing experience offered the king of Spain a microcosmic synecdoche of his imperial power.","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73983851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2022.2030142
J. Fenoulhet
{"title":"May’s Magical Tour: crafting the Dutch poet Herman Gorter’s new sound in English","authors":"J. Fenoulhet","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2022.2030142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2022.2030142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77005108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2022.2033934
Kenneth L. Lasoen
ABSTRACT This study compares the defence and national security of Belgium and the Netherlands. It shows a remarkable amount of parallel evolutions and events that shaped the securitization of the Netherlands and Belgium. Both countries faced many common security and defence challenges, which they dealt with in their own way but still at times very similar. Such comparison offers insight into how the proximity and similar development of the Low Countries provided a relatively common set of security contingencies and activities, and the differing or similar attitudes and responses both countries adopted towards common security problems. The internationally precarious situation of the two small countries caught in the middle between France and Germany exposed them to a similar threat. Their strategic location in Europe was also responsible for similar challenges in the domestic security environment, such as the threat of socialist agitation and later terrorism. These factors have influenced their international outlook as well as their legal and organizational approaches towards intelligence.
{"title":"Intelligence and Security in the Netherlands and Belgium: A Historical Comparison","authors":"Kenneth L. Lasoen","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2022.2033934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2022.2033934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study compares the defence and national security of Belgium and the Netherlands. It shows a remarkable amount of parallel evolutions and events that shaped the securitization of the Netherlands and Belgium. Both countries faced many common security and defence challenges, which they dealt with in their own way but still at times very similar. Such comparison offers insight into how the proximity and similar development of the Low Countries provided a relatively common set of security contingencies and activities, and the differing or similar attitudes and responses both countries adopted towards common security problems. The internationally precarious situation of the two small countries caught in the middle between France and Germany exposed them to a similar threat. Their strategic location in Europe was also responsible for similar challenges in the domestic security environment, such as the threat of socialist agitation and later terrorism. These factors have influenced their international outlook as well as their legal and organizational approaches towards intelligence.","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79956959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2021.1943623
R. Salverda
Our starting point is the authoritative judgement by Marius B. Jansen, Professor Emeritus of Japanese History at Princeton University, in his The Making of Modern Japan: ‘The story of the struggle of Japanese to learn more about the West from the Dutch is one of the most extraordinary chapters in cultural exchange in world history.’ (Jansen 2000, 211). It is this story of Rangaku (Dutch Studies in Japan) which is the central topic of Christopher Joby’s masterful new book, published in January by Brill: The Dutch Language in Japan (1600–1900). A Cultural and Sociolinguistic Study of Dutch as a Contact Language in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. After his PhD in History from Durham University in 2006, Joby in 2014 and 2015 produced two solid monographs on language contact and cultural connections between the Dutch and the English in the 17
我们的出发点是普林斯顿大学日本历史名誉教授Marius B. Jansen在他的《现代日本的形成》一书中所作的权威判断:“日本人向荷兰人学习西方的斗争故事是世界历史上文化交流中最不寻常的篇章之一。”(Jansen 2000, 211)。这个关于日本荷兰语研究的故事，正是克里斯托弗·乔比(Christopher Joby)今年1月由布里尔出版社出版的新书《日本的荷兰语(1600-1900)》(the Dutch Language in Japan)的中心主题。德川与明治时期荷兰语作为接触语言的文化与社会语言学研究。在2006年获得杜伦大学历史学博士学位后，Joby于2014年和2015年出版了两本关于17世纪荷兰语和英语之间的语言接触和文化联系的坚实专著
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2021.1943620
A. Krogull
ABSTRACT European language histories, including the history of Dutch, have often been portrayed as broadly linear developments towards one uniform standard language. In this biased account, rooted in the nation-building era around 1800, language diversity and multilingualism were largely rendered invisible. Against the background of clearly segregated spaces, politically and linguistically, border settings have particularly challenged the monolingual ideology of ‘one nation–one language’. Taking a historical-sociolinguistic perspective, this article focuses on the Dutch-German borderlands in the long nineteenth century as an intriguing case to investigate historical multilingualism and language contact ‘from below’. Despite the growing importance of nation-states and their standard languages, it is shown that multilingual practices and contact phenomena can still be traced in handwritten archival documents from the private sphere. Illustrative examples come from various family archives in the border area as well as from a unique collection of letters written by (Low) German labour migrants to their Dutch employer. These sources give evidence of the Dutch-German borderlands as a multi-faceted sociolinguistic space well into the nineteenth century. Moreover, they suggest that established theories of multilingualism and language contact may require rethinking in order to account for less clear-cut and more fluid practices in the past.
{"title":"Rethinking Historical Multilingualism and Language Contact ‘from Below’. Evidence from the Dutch-German Borderlands in the Long Nineteenth Century","authors":"A. Krogull","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2021.1943620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2021.1943620","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT European language histories, including the history of Dutch, have often been portrayed as broadly linear developments towards one uniform standard language. In this biased account, rooted in the nation-building era around 1800, language diversity and multilingualism were largely rendered invisible. Against the background of clearly segregated spaces, politically and linguistically, border settings have particularly challenged the monolingual ideology of ‘one nation–one language’. Taking a historical-sociolinguistic perspective, this article focuses on the Dutch-German borderlands in the long nineteenth century as an intriguing case to investigate historical multilingualism and language contact ‘from below’. Despite the growing importance of nation-states and their standard languages, it is shown that multilingual practices and contact phenomena can still be traced in handwritten archival documents from the private sphere. Illustrative examples come from various family archives in the border area as well as from a unique collection of letters written by (Low) German labour migrants to their Dutch employer. These sources give evidence of the Dutch-German borderlands as a multi-faceted sociolinguistic space well into the nineteenth century. Moreover, they suggest that established theories of multilingualism and language contact may require rethinking in order to account for less clear-cut and more fluid practices in the past.","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86262592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2021.1906598
Adri Breed, Daniël Van Olmen
ABSTRACT Although a lot of research has been done on the use of pronouns to express impersonal meaning in West Germanic languages, relatively little is known about the use of other possible impersonalization strategies. This article therefore examines the agentless passive as a possible impersonalizing strategy in Afrikaans and Dutch. On the basis of corpus data, we show that the agentless passive is a productive strategy for impersonalization in both Afrikaans and Dutch –in that it is used in the entire range of impersonal contexts. However, it is more typically employed for corporate contexts and existential contexts where the subject is vague and number-neutral. Some variation in the use of the agentless passive in different genres are also seen. On the whole, however, the agentless passives behave very similarly in the two languages as an impersonalizing strategy.
{"title":"The Passive as an Impersonalisation Strategy in Afrikaans and Dutch: A Corpus Investigation","authors":"Adri Breed, Daniël Van Olmen","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2021.1906598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2021.1906598","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although a lot of research has been done on the use of pronouns to express impersonal meaning in West Germanic languages, relatively little is known about the use of other possible impersonalization strategies. This article therefore examines the agentless passive as a possible impersonalizing strategy in Afrikaans and Dutch. On the basis of corpus data, we show that the agentless passive is a productive strategy for impersonalization in both Afrikaans and Dutch –in that it is used in the entire range of impersonal contexts. However, it is more typically employed for corporate contexts and existential contexts where the subject is vague and number-neutral. Some variation in the use of the agentless passive in different genres are also seen. On the whole, however, the agentless passives behave very similarly in the two languages as an impersonalizing strategy.","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2021.1943621
Sjoerd Levelt
ABSTRACT The coming of the Dutch Strangers, religious refugees from the Southern Netherlands, to various cities in England – specifically London and Norwich – in the middle of the sixteenth century, is a new stage in the history of the presence of Dutch speakers in Britain; Dutch-speaking churches were founded, and printers in England became involved in printing Dutch texts. The ease with which these new communities established themselves, however, depended on a pre-existing presence of communities of Dutch speakers, and a long history of Anglo-Dutch cultural, mercantile and political interactions. This paper examines evidence for the existence in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century of an Anglo-Dutch infrastructure along which people moved, and on which communities were built
{"title":"‘Also, I Am Sending You Two Cheeses’: Dutch Strangers, c. 1470–c. 1550","authors":"Sjoerd Levelt","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2021.1943621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2021.1943621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coming of the Dutch Strangers, religious refugees from the Southern Netherlands, to various cities in England – specifically London and Norwich – in the middle of the sixteenth century, is a new stage in the history of the presence of Dutch speakers in Britain; Dutch-speaking churches were founded, and printers in England became involved in printing Dutch texts. The ease with which these new communities established themselves, however, depended on a pre-existing presence of communities of Dutch speakers, and a long history of Anglo-Dutch cultural, mercantile and political interactions. This paper examines evidence for the existence in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century of an Anglo-Dutch infrastructure along which people moved, and on which communities were built","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74369536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03096564.2021.1937780
R. Salverda
Our starting point is the authoritative judgement by Marius B. Jansen, Professor Emeritus of Japanese History at Princeton University, in his The Making of Modern Japan: ‘The story of the struggle ...
我们的出发点是普林斯顿大学日本历史学名誉教授马吕斯·b·詹森(Marius B. Jansen)在《现代日本的形成》(the Making of Modern Japan)一书中的权威论断:“这场斗争的故事……
{"title":"The Dutch Language in Japan (1600-1900): A Cultural and Sociolinguistic Study of Dutch as a Contact Language in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan","authors":"R. Salverda","doi":"10.1080/03096564.2021.1937780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2021.1937780","url":null,"abstract":"Our starting point is the authoritative judgement by Marius B. Jansen, Professor Emeritus of Japanese History at Princeton University, in his The Making of Modern Japan: ‘The story of the struggle ...","PeriodicalId":41997,"journal":{"name":"Dutch Crossing-Journal of Low Countries Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78020199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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