This study aims to examine the policy adopted by the Iraqi legislator in ensuring traffic safety and approving criminal protection for it in both Federal Traffic Law No. 8 of 2019; And the Kurdistan Region-Iraq Traffic Law No. 86 of 2004, amended by Law No. 2 of 2018.We did this by highlighting the extent to which national traffic legislation responds to the methods and standards necessary to ensure traffic safety recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its annual reports.In addition to examining the legality of the crimes and penalties contained in the traffic law, their guarantees, and the extent of their effectiveness and suitability with the deteriorating reality in the current era in which society suffers from suffocation in cities and congestion in the streets as a result of the collapse of the public transportation sector.The comparative analytical approach was relied upon to reach the desired goal of the research, through the following brief plan:The first requirement/ legislative shortcomings affecting traffic safety.The second requirement: the criminal legality of traffic crimes and penalties.We hope that the research will contribute to drawing the attention of the national legislator to the shortcomings of the two legislations and fill their weaknesses in a way that is compatible with the reality of the Iraqi and Kurdistan societies, ensures the effective implementation of the two laws, and contributes to ensuring traffic safety and reducing traffic victims and injuries.
{"title":"A critical reading of the traffic law in light of traffic safety standards and criminal legitimacy","authors":"Hemn Abdullah Mohammed","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.363","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the policy adopted by the Iraqi legislator in ensuring traffic safety and approving criminal protection for it in both Federal Traffic Law No. 8 of 2019; And the Kurdistan Region-Iraq Traffic Law No. 86 of 2004, amended by Law No. 2 of 2018.We did this by highlighting the extent to which national traffic legislation responds to the methods and standards necessary to ensure traffic safety recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its annual reports.In addition to examining the legality of the crimes and penalties contained in the traffic law, their guarantees, and the extent of their effectiveness and suitability with the deteriorating reality in the current era in which society suffers from suffocation in cities and congestion in the streets as a result of the collapse of the public transportation sector.The comparative analytical approach was relied upon to reach the desired goal of the research, through the following brief plan:The first requirement/ legislative shortcomings affecting traffic safety.The second requirement: the criminal legality of traffic crimes and penalties.We hope that the research will contribute to drawing the attention of the national legislator to the shortcomings of the two legislations and fill their weaknesses in a way that is compatible with the reality of the Iraqi and Kurdistan societies, ensures the effective implementation of the two laws, and contributes to ensuring traffic safety and reducing traffic victims and injuries.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the analysis of the suitable places for the development of tourism in Hawraman region is done using the model (AHP). Hawraman region has most of the potential in terms of altitude, climate, water resources, vegetation cover, animals, wild birds, population and historical and religious sites, archaeological sites, caves, language and culture, gardening, construction, food and clothing ... etc, Hawraman has more than (25) tourism areas, some of which are currently visited by tourists from different parts of Kurdistan, Iraq and abroad. The statistics of the last four years of tourists to Hawraman are (86,050) thousand foreign tourists and (172,102) thousand domestic tourists. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive development of the areas that have not been invested so far according to various scientific tools , such as according to this scientific study, (18) different natural and human criteria were used to produce a four-level map to determine the suitable location for tourism development in Hawraman, Which are the levels of (very suitable, moderately suitable, low and limited suitable, unsuitable) which accounted for (11.9%, 63.64%, 8.44% and 16.02%) of the total area of the study area.
{"title":"Spatial optimization of site selection for development tourism in hawraman area using Analytical Hierarchy Approach:","authors":"Rebaz Luqman Mustafa, Shirwan Omar Rashid","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.355","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the analysis of the suitable places for the development of tourism in Hawraman region is done using the model (AHP). Hawraman region has most of the potential in terms of altitude, climate, water resources, vegetation cover, animals, wild birds, population and historical and religious sites, archaeological sites, caves, language and culture, gardening, construction, food and clothing ... etc, Hawraman has more than (25) tourism areas, some of which are currently visited by tourists from different parts of Kurdistan, Iraq and abroad. The statistics of the last four years of tourists to Hawraman are (86,050) thousand foreign tourists and (172,102) thousand domestic tourists. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive development of the areas that have not been invested so far according to various scientific tools , such as according to this scientific study, (18) different natural and human criteria were used to produce a four-level map to determine the suitable location for tourism development in Hawraman, Which are the levels of (very suitable, moderately suitable, low and limited suitable, unsuitable) which accounted for (11.9%, 63.64%, 8.44% and 16.02%) of the total area of the study area.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139225858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problems of Social materials teachers in the 3rd circle of the basic stage from the teachers’ point of view and proposals for solutionsThe goal of the research is to know the problem of the teachers of (social materials) within the 3rd circle of the essential schools through the vision of these teachers. Researcher humanitarianly depended on the teachers of (social materials), and geographically benefited from the secondary schools in Sulaymaniyah city for year (2020-2021). According to privacy and nature of the research and its goal is depended on the method of survey description. The research sample consists of (120) teachers; (45) males and (75) females. They´re randomly selected by the consideration the number of the teachers. Researcher despite the fact that they were benefited from previous researches and other resources, and he have established a mechanism (referendum form) for collecting information, encompassing (5) fields divided to (40) sections, to ensure that the mechanism is right and suitable; researcher distributed forms among variety number of experts and specialists of education and psychology fields. After forms are returned and filled (%85) granted honesty and confidence of the experts and specialists, then to extract the stability of the mechanism, they used the method to repeat exams, which granted (0,81) degrees. Finally the method is applied on the origin sample; answers are analyses by using central statistic formula, percentage, and numbering. At the end of the research results are declared, proposals and recommendations are offered.
{"title":"Problems of social studies teachers in The third cycle of primary school from the teachers' perspective","authors":"Razgar Hamlaw Khalid","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.356","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of Social materials teachers in the 3rd circle of the basic stage from the teachers’ point of view and proposals for solutionsThe goal of the research is to know the problem of the teachers of (social materials) within the 3rd circle of the essential schools through the vision of these teachers. Researcher humanitarianly depended on the teachers of (social materials), and geographically benefited from the secondary schools in Sulaymaniyah city for year (2020-2021). According to privacy and nature of the research and its goal is depended on the method of survey description. The research sample consists of (120) teachers; (45) males and (75) females. They´re randomly selected by the consideration the number of the teachers. Researcher despite the fact that they were benefited from previous researches and other resources, and he have established a mechanism (referendum form) for collecting information, encompassing (5) fields divided to (40) sections, to ensure that the mechanism is right and suitable; researcher distributed forms among variety number of experts and specialists of education and psychology fields. After forms are returned and filled (%85) granted honesty and confidence of the experts and specialists, then to extract the stability of the mechanism, they used the method to repeat exams, which granted (0,81) degrees. Finally the method is applied on the origin sample; answers are analyses by using central statistic formula, percentage, and numbering. At the end of the research results are declared, proposals and recommendations are offered.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arabic is the language of a nation of this land, it is the language of the Arabs, it performs the functions of the language of its nation from its inception, and became the language of the worlds of faith and belief, and it was tasked with performing the best Islamic performance of faith and sharia. For this reason, at the dawn of linguistic legislation and legalization, the ancient linguists began to collect and sift Arabic, to obtain the clearest and most elegant languages, and required two conditions for linguistic eloquence: deep perfusion and proximity to the Quraysh tribe, to avoid any word that smelled of the clump and the intruder. They accepted the languages of Quraysh, Qais, Tamim and Assad, Hatheel, some Kanana and some Ta’is, and left the languages of eighteen tribes and destinations with flimsy arguments: such as their proximity to the Romans, Persians, India, Nabataeans, etc., and they are Lakhm, Khuzam, Qathae, Ghassan, Ayad and Taghlub, Al-Namir, Bakir, Abdul Qais, Azd Omman, The People of Yemen, Bani Hanifa, Residents of Yamama, Thqif, Taif residents, and the capital of Hijaz. By leaving the languages of these authentic Arab tribes, they did not realize, forget, or been forget, that there are dozens and dozens of non-Arabic words in the Qur’an, and scholars have written books such as Al-Suyuti, The Jawaliqi and others. Quraysh’s language even contains dozens of non-Arabic words. This research, therefore, includes that a new reading must be, and that new legalization of Arabic must be built, including all Arab languages, to fill that linguistic void that has occurred, and the Arab and Arab nation does not lose itself, from its rich linguistic stock throughout time and the place.
{"title":"In the nature and function of language اnd the approach of the old Arab in their treatments for it","authors":"Muhammad Saleh Amin Agha","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.364","url":null,"abstract":"Arabic is the language of a nation of this land, it is the language of the Arabs, it performs the functions of the language of its nation from its inception, and became the language of the worlds of faith and belief, and it was tasked with performing the best Islamic performance of faith and sharia. For this reason, at the dawn of linguistic legislation and legalization, the ancient linguists began to collect and sift Arabic, to obtain the clearest and most elegant languages, and required two conditions for linguistic eloquence: deep perfusion and proximity to the Quraysh tribe, to avoid any word that smelled of the clump and the intruder. They accepted the languages of Quraysh, Qais, Tamim and Assad, Hatheel, some Kanana and some Ta’is, and left the languages of eighteen tribes and destinations with flimsy arguments: such as their proximity to the Romans, Persians, India, Nabataeans, etc., and they are Lakhm, Khuzam, Qathae, Ghassan, Ayad and Taghlub, Al-Namir, Bakir, Abdul Qais, Azd Omman, The People of Yemen, Bani Hanifa, Residents of Yamama, Thqif, Taif residents, and the capital of Hijaz. By leaving the languages of these authentic Arab tribes, they did not realize, forget, or been forget, that there are dozens and dozens of non-Arabic words in the Qur’an, and scholars have written books such as Al-Suyuti, The Jawaliqi and others. Quraysh’s language even contains dozens of non-Arabic words. This research, therefore, includes that a new reading must be, and that new legalization of Arabic must be built, including all Arab languages, to fill that linguistic void that has occurred, and the Arab and Arab nation does not lose itself, from its rich linguistic stock throughout time and the place.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to reveal the role of strategic recovery, represented by its dimensions (customer recovery, process recovery, employee recovery) in achieving strategic success, expressed in its dimensions (survival, adaptation, growth). The research methodology relied on the descriptive approach in collecting and analyzing data to reach the results. For the purposes of collecting data, the researchers used a questionnaire as the main research tool, and it was distributed to the research sample (300) managers from a population of (780) managers, and the respondents reached (214) managers. The data were analyzed using SPSS V28, and one of the most important findings of this research is the existence of a strong and positive correlation between strategic recovery in its dimensions and strategic success, as well as the presence of a significant effect of strategic recovery in strategic success at the macro and dimensional levels. Based on the conclusions, a number of recommendations were presented, the most important of which is that administrative leaders must pay attention to the quality of service before strategic recovery, diagnose the reason for the occurrence of failure in providing their services, and learn from them so as not to repeat them in the future because customers in the Kurdistan Region cannot bear material and moral damage twice.
{"title":"The role of strategic recovery in achieving strategic success","authors":"Hawar Fattah Karim, Kaveh Mohammed Faraj","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.362","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to reveal the role of strategic recovery, represented by its dimensions (customer recovery, process recovery, employee recovery) in achieving strategic success, expressed in its dimensions (survival, adaptation, growth). The research methodology relied on the descriptive approach in collecting and analyzing data to reach the results. For the purposes of collecting data, the researchers used a questionnaire as the main research tool, and it was distributed to the research sample (300) managers from a population of (780) managers, and the respondents reached (214) managers. The data were analyzed using SPSS V28, and one of the most important findings of this research is the existence of a strong and positive correlation between strategic recovery in its dimensions and strategic success, as well as the presence of a significant effect of strategic recovery in strategic success at the macro and dimensional levels. Based on the conclusions, a number of recommendations were presented, the most important of which is that administrative leaders must pay attention to the quality of service before strategic recovery, diagnose the reason for the occurrence of failure in providing their services, and learn from them so as not to repeat them in the future because customers in the Kurdistan Region cannot bear material and moral damage twice.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the status of school social workers in preparatory schools in Erbil city in managing students’ problems, as a case management process. It is also focused on the school social workers in empowering, strengthening, and solving the daily problems in which students face. Additionally, the level of student’s trust and reliance on the capacity and skills of the school social workers were illustrated in overcoming their problems. The study looked at the reasons behind the lack of school social workers and the supervision procedures by the Ministry of Education for school social workers. Furthermore, discussing prepared guidelines for school social workers to rely on by Ministry of Education. Methodologically, semi-structured Interviews have been used with school social workers as a tool to obtain the necessary information and data. interview has been referred to as a “conversation with a purpose. Aside from interviews, focus group FGD tool applied with students to obtain in-depth and accurate data. The conclusion of the study was that school social workers have no knowledge of the case management process and procedure. and most of the school social workers are graduates of sociology; a small number of graduates were from psychology, and some schools have social workers who have graduated from different specialties.
{"title":"A Qualitative Study of School Social Workers’ Practice and Case Management Process in Preparatory Schools in Erbil City","authors":"Mahir Abdulwahid Aziz, Rubar Sangar Salih","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.365","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the status of school social workers in preparatory schools in Erbil city in managing students’ problems, as a case management process. It is also focused on the school social workers in empowering, strengthening, and solving the daily problems in which students face. Additionally, the level of student’s trust and reliance on the capacity and skills of the school social workers were illustrated in overcoming their problems. The study looked at the reasons behind the lack of school social workers and the supervision procedures by the Ministry of Education for school social workers. Furthermore, discussing prepared guidelines for school social workers to rely on by Ministry of Education. Methodologically, semi-structured Interviews have been used with school social workers as a tool to obtain the necessary information and data. interview has been referred to as a “conversation with a purpose. Aside from interviews, focus group FGD tool applied with students to obtain in-depth and accurate data. The conclusion of the study was that school social workers have no knowledge of the case management process and procedure. and most of the school social workers are graduates of sociology; a small number of graduates were from psychology, and some schools have social workers who have graduated from different specialties.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aims to find out the effect of the exchange rate on the money demand in Iraq for the period (1990-2022) based on annual data for the research variables. A standard model has been estimated to determine the relationship between the variables by using the (ARDL) model . The results proved that the exchange rate has a negative impact on the demand for money. The results also showed that the official exchange rate is significant in the short-term period, but its effect is weak and insignificant in the long-term period. As for the exchange rate in the parallel market, it has a greater impact on the money demand in the short and long term compared to the official exchange rate.Accordingly, a set of proposals were presented, including the necessity of taking into account the determinants of the money demand, including the exchange rate, when formulating monetary policy. In addition to the need to conduct more applied studies on the behavior of monetary demand for economic units in light of economic and regional developments in order to reach a state of economic stability.
{"title":"Measuring and analyzing the effect of the exchange rate on the money demand in Iraq during the period (1990- 2022)","authors":"Shorsh Qadir Ali, Narmin Marouf Ghafoor","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.361","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to find out the effect of the exchange rate on the money demand in Iraq for the period (1990-2022) based on annual data for the research variables. A standard model has been estimated to determine the relationship between the variables by using the (ARDL) model . The results proved that the exchange rate has a negative impact on the demand for money. The results also showed that the official exchange rate is significant in the short-term period, but its effect is weak and insignificant in the long-term period. As for the exchange rate in the parallel market, it has a greater impact on the money demand in the short and long term compared to the official exchange rate.Accordingly, a set of proposals were presented, including the necessity of taking into account the determinants of the money demand, including the exchange rate, when formulating monetary policy. In addition to the need to conduct more applied studies on the behavior of monetary demand for economic units in light of economic and regional developments in order to reach a state of economic stability.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the news coverage of the political agreement concluded between the Kurdistan region and Iraqi government in 2023, as a political issues, on the websites of both the Kurdish (Kurdistan24) and Arabic (Iraqi News) satellite channels, in terms of the use of forms of description and the use of the survey method that was carried out. Through it, content analysis is applied through the content analysis form tool, for the purpose of knowing the contents of the media clips that illustrate this survey. This is done by taking a non-random, intentional sample using a comprehensive inventory method of the news on the websites of the two signatories in the month of April 2023. The sample size was (171) news stories regarding the subject of the agreement. From this perspective, the analyzes reached a set of results, including: The websites of the two channels differ in their coverage. For the news of the agreement between the Kurdistan region and Iraq, they only cover the important political events in depth except superficially. However, the Kurdish channel’s website, within the framework of the agreement, focuses on the issue of the budget, employees salaries, and sending financial dues to the region. In contrast, the Arab channel’s website focuses on covering the agreement from the perspective of handing over the region’s Oil to the central government. On the other hand, both sites focused on the type of Follow-up coverage in terms of timing and complex news coverage in terms of form regarding the news of the conclusion of the agreement. Finally, the two satellite channels websites will not benefit from new media technologies and materials such as (graphics, video, and photo albums) in the process of covering the news of the region’s agreement with Iraq.
{"title":"Coverage of the agreement between the Kurdistan Region and Iraq on the websites of Iraqi television channels, for example, Kurdistan24 and Iraqi News","authors":"Arkan Jabar Mohammed","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.359","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the news coverage of the political agreement concluded between the Kurdistan region and Iraqi government in 2023, as a political issues, on the websites of both the Kurdish (Kurdistan24) and Arabic (Iraqi News) satellite channels, in terms of the use of forms of description and the use of the survey method that was carried out. Through it, content analysis is applied through the content analysis form tool, for the purpose of knowing the contents of the media clips that illustrate this survey. This is done by taking a non-random, intentional sample using a comprehensive inventory method of the news on the websites of the two signatories in the month of April 2023. The sample size was (171) news stories regarding the subject of the agreement. From this perspective, the analyzes reached a set of results, including: The websites of the two channels differ in their coverage. For the news of the agreement between the Kurdistan region and Iraq, they only cover the important political events in depth except superficially. However, the Kurdish channel’s website, within the framework of the agreement, focuses on the issue of the budget, employees salaries, and sending financial dues to the region. In contrast, the Arab channel’s website focuses on covering the agreement from the perspective of handing over the region’s Oil to the central government. On the other hand, both sites focused on the type of Follow-up coverage in terms of timing and complex news coverage in terms of form regarding the news of the conclusion of the agreement. Finally, the two satellite channels websites will not benefit from new media technologies and materials such as (graphics, video, and photo albums) in the process of covering the news of the region’s agreement with Iraq.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139222123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Jalal Mustafa, Zryan Haji, Abdullah Khurshid Qadir
This paper deals with the history of the Grand Mosque of Khurmal and the origin of its name and the exact geographical location in this city which raises many research questions about its exact history, we relied on the archaeological remains, the manuscripts and the documents that deals with the mosque and its history, as well the stone plaque that commemorate the renewal of the mosque,identifying the leaders who ordered to renew the mosque for the first time, also to identifying the people who participated in the renovation of this mosque relying on the inscription on the foundation stone plaque that in a poetic style commemorates the names of three peronaltieis which are Sultan Salim, the sultan of the Ottomans, also the prince of Sulaiman Pasha of Baban, and Musa Beg was the Qaimqam of Gul’anbar district, its administrative center was in Khurmal. To prove this fact, we rely on the number of documents from the Ottoman period that shed light on the renovation of the mosque, and it appears that the mosque was renovated several times. Also, we will discuss in this paper the opinions that assume that the mosque was first built by Abdullah bin Omar al-Khattab. Our position in this study is to analyze the stone tablet and define its historical value.
{"title":"History of the Renovations and Reconstructions of Khurmal Mosque in the archaeological and historical records (inscribed stone plaque) of Khurmal mosque as an example","authors":"Mahdi Jalal Mustafa, Zryan Haji, Abdullah Khurshid Qadir","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the history of the Grand Mosque of Khurmal and the origin of its name and the exact geographical location in this city which raises many research questions about its exact history, we relied on the archaeological remains, the manuscripts and the documents that deals with the mosque and its history, as well the stone plaque that commemorate the renewal of the mosque,identifying the leaders who ordered to renew the mosque for the first time, also to identifying the people who participated in the renovation of this mosque relying on the inscription on the foundation stone plaque that in a poetic style commemorates the names of three peronaltieis which are Sultan Salim, the sultan of the Ottomans, also the prince of Sulaiman Pasha of Baban, and Musa Beg was the Qaimqam of Gul’anbar district, its administrative center was in Khurmal. To prove this fact, we rely on the number of documents from the Ottoman period that shed light on the renovation of the mosque, and it appears that the mosque was renovated several times. Also, we will discuss in this paper the opinions that assume that the mosque was first built by Abdullah bin Omar al-Khattab. Our position in this study is to analyze the stone tablet and define its historical value.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research examines the concept of Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) and its significance as a financial management tool aimed at achieving a precise balance between expenses and revenues. This research aims to study the impact of ZBB on the financial performance evaluation of organizations and highlight the importance of ZBB in various government institutions, showcasing its ability to assess financial performance. To achieve this, a questionnaire form consisting of 20 questions was designed and distributed to the General Manager, (Assistant Manager, Department Heads, and Administrative Unit Heads), specifically targeting experts in the field of budgeting. and the research results were analyzed using statistical methods and regression analysis using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model.The research reached several conclusions, including: ZBB compels organizations to enhance resource efficiency and operate cautiously, encouraging the improvement of internal processes and more efficient resource utilization. ZBB enables organizations to effectively control expenses and revenues, contributing to achieving financial goals accurately and efficiently. The research also provides recommendations, such as urging government institutions in the Kurdistan Region to consider adopting ZBB as a managerial tool and suggesting prioritizing and directing resources towards vital activities and projects that contribute most significantly to achieving financial and strategic objectives.The research reached several conclusions, including: ZBB compels organizations to enhance resource efficiency and operate cautiously, encouraging the improvement of internal processes and more efficient resource utilization. There is a positive and significant effect of ZBB on aforementioned variable by (0.45). The research also provides recommendations, such as urging government institutions in the Kurdistan Region to consider adopting ZBB as a managerial tool and suggesting prioritizing and directing resources towards vital activities and projects that contribute most significantly to achieving financial and strategic objectives.
{"title":"The impact of applying zero-based budgeting in evaluating the financial performance of government institutions","authors":"Hemn Mohammed Aziz","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi11.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi11.360","url":null,"abstract":"The research examines the concept of Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) and its significance as a financial management tool aimed at achieving a precise balance between expenses and revenues. This research aims to study the impact of ZBB on the financial performance evaluation of organizations and highlight the importance of ZBB in various government institutions, showcasing its ability to assess financial performance. To achieve this, a questionnaire form consisting of 20 questions was designed and distributed to the General Manager, (Assistant Manager, Department Heads, and Administrative Unit Heads), specifically targeting experts in the field of budgeting. and the research results were analyzed using statistical methods and regression analysis using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model.The research reached several conclusions, including: ZBB compels organizations to enhance resource efficiency and operate cautiously, encouraging the improvement of internal processes and more efficient resource utilization. ZBB enables organizations to effectively control expenses and revenues, contributing to achieving financial goals accurately and efficiently. The research also provides recommendations, such as urging government institutions in the Kurdistan Region to consider adopting ZBB as a managerial tool and suggesting prioritizing and directing resources towards vital activities and projects that contribute most significantly to achieving financial and strategic objectives.The research reached several conclusions, including: ZBB compels organizations to enhance resource efficiency and operate cautiously, encouraging the improvement of internal processes and more efficient resource utilization. There is a positive and significant effect of ZBB on aforementioned variable by (0.45). The research also provides recommendations, such as urging government institutions in the Kurdistan Region to consider adopting ZBB as a managerial tool and suggesting prioritizing and directing resources towards vital activities and projects that contribute most significantly to achieving financial and strategic objectives.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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