Said Abdulraheem Mullah Sa’eed Ma’doomi Tawagozi one of the great Kurdish Arifs. Because of his outstanding talent for writing poetry, Mawlawi has been able to convey great meanings with a minimum of words. As this Arif is a follower of the Naqishbandi tariqa, he describes praises and mourns the death of its great people. He wants to create a reliable discourse; since if not trustworthy, a discourse will vanish and demolish. Hence, his discourse aims at achieving legitimacy so the .audience accepts and trusts it This study tries to understand those dimensions and meanings of Mawlawi’s collection that require analyses of the relation between the text and its cultural and social context. The main goal of this method is to demonstrate how a given text, using persuasive language, can legitimize a discourse. It also shows how to legitimize their own words concerning the Qur’an, Hadith, mind, myth, etc. In the introduction, we shed light on legitimization and Mawlawi’s viewpoint regarding this topic. In the theoretical part, we discuss theories of discourse analysis and the theory of legitimization, while the final part of the research is an analysis of Mawlawi’s poems using the abovementioned theories. The conclusions of the research show that legitimization is mostly a result of referring to .the Qur’an and the Hadiths of the prophet.
Abdulraheem Mullah Sa 'eed Ma 'doomi Tawagozi说，他是伟大的库尔德阿里夫之一。由于他杰出的诗歌创作才能，Mawlawi能够用最少的文字表达出深刻的含义。由于这位阿里夫是Naqishbandi tariqa的追随者，他对伟大人民的死亡表示赞扬和哀悼。他想创造一种可靠的话语;因为如果不可信，话语就会消失和毁灭。因此，他的话语旨在获得合法性，使观众接受并信任它。本研究试图理解毛拉维文集的这些维度和意义，这些维度和意义需要分析文本与其文化和社会背景之间的关系。这种方法的主要目的是证明一个给定的文本如何使用有说服力的语言，使一个话语合法化。它还展示了如何使他们自己的话语合法化，这些话语涉及古兰经、圣训、思想、神话等。在引言中，我们阐明了合法化以及马拉维对这一主题的看法。在理论部分，我们讨论了话语分析理论和合法化理论，而研究的最后一部分是运用上述理论对马拉维的诗歌进行分析。研究结果表明，合法化主要是参考古兰经和先知圣训的结果。
{"title":"An Analysis of Legitimization in Mawlawi Tawagozi’s Collection of Poems","authors":"Marewan Husen Farhan","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.255","url":null,"abstract":"Said Abdulraheem Mullah Sa’eed Ma’doomi Tawagozi one of the great Kurdish Arifs. Because of his outstanding talent for writing poetry, Mawlawi has been able to convey great meanings with a minimum of words. As this Arif is a follower of the Naqishbandi tariqa, he describes praises and mourns the death of its great people. He wants to create a reliable discourse; since if not trustworthy, a discourse will vanish and demolish. Hence, his discourse aims at achieving legitimacy so the .audience accepts and trusts it This study tries to understand those dimensions and meanings of Mawlawi’s collection that require analyses of the relation between the text and its cultural and social context. The main goal of this method is to demonstrate how a given text, using persuasive language, can legitimize a discourse. It also shows how to legitimize their own words concerning the Qur’an, Hadith, mind, myth, etc. In the introduction, we shed light on legitimization and Mawlawi’s viewpoint regarding this topic. In the theoretical part, we discuss theories of discourse analysis and the theory of legitimization, while the final part of the research is an analysis of Mawlawi’s poems using the abovementioned theories. The conclusions of the research show that legitimization is mostly a result of referring to .the Qur’an and the Hadiths of the prophet.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127389386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazdar Qudrat Abbas, Shno Qasim Muhammad, Nazanin Qudrat Abbas
Background: School counselling is an important collaborative process every day at school, which benefits students, teachers, administrators and parents. School counsellors have a great role in supporting the education system and the students in primary schools. Objectives: the objectives of this study were to identify the common challenges that are faced by school counsellors in primary schools through Educators’ perspectives in the Garmian region of Iraqi Kurdistan. Furthermore, this study is suggesting solutions to better deal with the challenges identified. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, focus group study design was used and the participants include primary school teachers, school counsellors, and fourth-year psychology students. Open-ended questions were asked to the participants and the answers were categorized by themes. A qualitative content analysis was used for presenting the findings of the current study. Findings: the most common challenges of school counsellors mentioned by educators were Neglecting counsellors’ roles, no or limited counsellors in primary schools, and so many problems in schools to deal with. Based on the findings, some suggestions also were proposed by educators. Recommendations: Future studies are recommended for counsellors in secondary schools both private and public as well.
{"title":"Challenges of School Counselors in Garmian Region of Iraqi Kurdistan: Educators’ Perspectives","authors":"Nazdar Qudrat Abbas, Shno Qasim Muhammad, Nazanin Qudrat Abbas","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School counselling is an important collaborative process every day at school, which benefits students, teachers, administrators and parents. School counsellors have a great role in supporting the education system and the students in primary schools. Objectives: the objectives of this study were to identify the common challenges that are faced by school counsellors in primary schools through Educators’ perspectives in the Garmian region of Iraqi Kurdistan. Furthermore, this study is suggesting solutions to better deal with the challenges identified. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, focus group study design was used and the participants include primary school teachers, school counsellors, and fourth-year psychology students. Open-ended questions were asked to the participants and the answers were categorized by themes. A qualitative content analysis was used for presenting the findings of the current study. Findings: the most common challenges of school counsellors mentioned by educators were Neglecting counsellors’ roles, no or limited counsellors in primary schools, and so many problems in schools to deal with. Based on the findings, some suggestions also were proposed by educators. Recommendations: Future studies are recommended for counsellors in secondary schools both private and public as well.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Career development has a major role in retaining employees in all business organizations, whether private or public, especially in our world today and in light of intense competition. Thus, to retain skilled employees, business organizations must take into account several important and influential administrative factors, including Career development. On this basis, this study provides insight into examining the role of Career development in retaining employees at Asiacell Telecom Company in Sulaymaniyah governorate; this is based on a hypothetical scheme that takes into account the direction of the relationship between Career development and employee retention. To achieve the study›s aim and complete its requirements, the researcher proceeded to prepare a theoretical framework by benefiting from the literature on the subject. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire was used to survey the opinions of the study sample, which consisted of (283) employees. Some statistical methods were used to analyze the results and test hypotheses. The most important results of the study were that Career development has a significant role in retaining employees in the company under study. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is increasing interest in maintaining the administrative organization in Asiacell com., which had a greater impact on employee retention compared to other dimensions of Career development.
{"title":"The Role of Professional Development in Employee Retention (Asiacell Communications Company in Sulaymaniyah Governorate - Iraq as a Model)","authors":"Shakhawan Jamal Habibuallah","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.259","url":null,"abstract":"Career development has a major role in retaining employees in all business organizations, whether private or public, especially in our world today and in light of intense competition. Thus, to retain skilled employees, business organizations must take into account several important and influential administrative factors, including Career development. On this basis, this study provides insight into examining the role of Career development in retaining employees at Asiacell Telecom Company in Sulaymaniyah governorate; this is based on a hypothetical scheme that takes into account the direction of the relationship between Career development and employee retention. To achieve the study›s aim and complete its requirements, the researcher proceeded to prepare a theoretical framework by benefiting from the literature on the subject. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire was used to survey the opinions of the study sample, which consisted of (283) employees. Some statistical methods were used to analyze the results and test hypotheses. The most important results of the study were that Career development has a significant role in retaining employees in the company under study. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is increasing interest in maintaining the administrative organization in Asiacell com., which had a greater impact on employee retention compared to other dimensions of Career development.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"67 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126018389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this study is to evaluate and demonstrate the role of the education system in the Kurdistan Region. This goal is focused on the process of nation-building and strengthening national intimacy and feelings among students. Quantitative methods, questionnaire instruments and quota samples were then used to collect the data. In addition, the community of this study is Soran University and the sample consists of 331 students in the first phase of all scientific departments of Soran University. After the acquisition of the data, the data were analyzed through the (SPSS) Program. Conclusively the results are presented. One of these conclusions is that the school, as an official institution and part of the education system, has not played its proper role in providing information about national history and its values and norms. One of these shortcomings is that many of the participants do not know about national holidays and historical events. In addition, what can be seen in the education system of the Kurdistan Region is a series of slogans and constitutions, which are more superficially worked on. Therefore, schools have played very little role in strengthening students› national feelings. In this regard, the majority of the research data proves the fact that the education system has relatively failed in the process of strengthening national feelings, intimacy and the process of nation-building. However, it is important to note that besides the education system, other institutions and even the political and social system of the Kurdistan Region are certainly responsible for this failure.
{"title":"The Education System and its Relationship to the Process of Sensory Production Nationality in The Kurdistan Region: Soran University as an Example","authors":"Kozhan Mustafa Ahmed, Ibrahim Sadiq Malazada","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.253","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to evaluate and demonstrate the role of the education system in the Kurdistan Region. This goal is focused on the process of nation-building and strengthening national intimacy and feelings among students. Quantitative methods, questionnaire instruments and quota samples were then used to collect the data. In addition, the community of this study is Soran University and the sample consists of 331 students in the first phase of all scientific departments of Soran University. After the acquisition of the data, the data were analyzed through the (SPSS) Program. Conclusively the results are presented. One of these conclusions is that the school, as an official institution and part of the education system, has not played its proper role in providing information about national history and its values and norms. One of these shortcomings is that many of the participants do not know about national holidays and historical events. In addition, what can be seen in the education system of the Kurdistan Region is a series of slogans and constitutions, which are more superficially worked on. Therefore, schools have played very little role in strengthening students› national feelings. In this regard, the majority of the research data proves the fact that the education system has relatively failed in the process of strengthening national feelings, intimacy and the process of nation-building. However, it is important to note that besides the education system, other institutions and even the political and social system of the Kurdistan Region are certainly responsible for this failure.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human health and discomfort are influenced by many different environmental conditions that have a direct impact on human feeling, although different research has been attempted to find a suitable solution for it, but still considered as a major obstacle due to the differences in atmospheric elements from one region to another, as well as the differences in the human body›s ability to feel comfortable or uncomfortable in person to person according to different regions. Using temperature and humidity index (THI) Temperature Humidity Indexand air-cooling index (K) Wind chill index and their effect on human peace and tourists visiting Sulaimani province. this research consists of two main axes, the first one is e the atmospheric elements effective on human comfort in the research area, and the second axis is about the effect of atmospheric stability on attracting tourists to the researched area, as this area is known for its low temperatures, especially in winter, as it reaches in some parts to zero Celsius, for instance in Penguin region, which leads to snowfall. This area can be used as a tourist area in winter. In addition to the low temperatures in summer, especially in mountainous areas, this will attract a large number of tourists to the research area, so efforts should be made to provide more services to the tourist areas in a way that tourists do not feel uncomfortable in the surrounding environment and in a way that is compatible with the nature of the area.
{"title":"Evaluation of Climatic Comfort and its Role in Tourist Attractions in Sulaymaniyah Governorate","authors":"Khalid Wali Ali, Shirwan Omer Rashid","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.260","url":null,"abstract":"Human health and discomfort are influenced by many different environmental conditions that have a direct impact on human feeling, although different research has been attempted to find a suitable solution for it, but still considered as a major obstacle due to the differences in atmospheric elements from one region to another, as well as the differences in the human body›s ability to feel comfortable or uncomfortable in person to person according to different regions. Using temperature and humidity index (THI) Temperature Humidity Indexand air-cooling index (K) Wind chill index and their effect on human peace and tourists visiting Sulaimani province. this research consists of two main axes, the first one is e the atmospheric elements effective on human comfort in the research area, and the second axis is about the effect of atmospheric stability on attracting tourists to the researched area, as this area is known for its low temperatures, especially in winter, as it reaches in some parts to zero Celsius, for instance in Penguin region, which leads to snowfall. This area can be used as a tourist area in winter. In addition to the low temperatures in summer, especially in mountainous areas, this will attract a large number of tourists to the research area, so efforts should be made to provide more services to the tourist areas in a way that tourists do not feel uncomfortable in the surrounding environment and in a way that is compatible with the nature of the area.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116670945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective is to determine the attitude of journalists towards the Borrowing word and its use in their profession, to get the reasons and motivations for using foreign words by journalists, and to identify the consequences of using foreign words in the Kurdish language related to Kurdish media from the perspective of Kurdish language experts. This study is the descriptive research and the survey method through the creation of (two) survey forms that have been used journalists of media agencies and Kurdish language )58( and distributed to journalists, including .Kurdish language experts in universities in the Kurdistan Region (53) experts, including This study reached several scientific conclusions: The majority of journalists in the Kurdistan Region believe that (yes) it is a good thing to use foreign words in their work, but the second )%48.3( answered (no). Regarding the consequences of this phenomenon on the Kurdish )%44.8( place for each option (I agree very much) and (I agree), )%41.5( language, Kurdish language experts believe that the borrowing word and its use in the media, without language conditions and plans, of them agree that the use )%50 .9( It will harm the formation of the standard Kurdish language and of foreign words in the media instead of Kurdish words is a possibility for the formation of word doubling in Kurdish, Etc., but the majority of Kurdish language experts are in favour of openness Kurdish language in term of borrowing word and their use in journalism. Kurdish language experts secondly ,)%68.8( indicated that most types of borrowing a word, firstly substituted lexical word but a small number of Kurdish language experts ,)%21.7( thirdly is loan blending ,)%47.9( loan shift .are in favour of importing loan word exactly and without modification (%10.4)
{"title":"Borrowing Word and its use related to Media in the Kurdistan Region - A Field Study","authors":"Hazhar Khudadad Hassan, Yadgar Ali Mohamad","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi5.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi5.254","url":null,"abstract":" The main objective is to determine the attitude of journalists towards the Borrowing word and its use in their profession, to get the reasons and motivations for using foreign words by journalists, and to identify the consequences of using foreign words in the Kurdish language related to Kurdish media from the perspective of Kurdish language experts. This study is the descriptive research and the survey method through the creation of (two) survey forms that have been used journalists of media agencies and Kurdish language )58( and distributed to journalists, including .Kurdish language experts in universities in the Kurdistan Region (53) experts, including This study reached several scientific conclusions: The majority of journalists in the Kurdistan Region believe that (yes) it is a good thing to use foreign words in their work, but the second )%48.3( answered (no). Regarding the consequences of this phenomenon on the Kurdish )%44.8( place for each option (I agree very much) and (I agree), )%41.5( language, Kurdish language experts believe that the borrowing word and its use in the media, without language conditions and plans, of them agree that the use )%50 .9( It will harm the formation of the standard Kurdish language and of foreign words in the media instead of Kurdish words is a possibility for the formation of word doubling in Kurdish, Etc., but the majority of Kurdish language experts are in favour of openness Kurdish language in term of borrowing word and their use in journalism. Kurdish language experts secondly ,)%68.8( indicated that most types of borrowing a word, firstly substituted lexical word but a small number of Kurdish language experts ,)%21.7( thirdly is loan blending ,)%47.9( loan shift .are in favour of importing loan word exactly and without modification (%10.4)","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the new and modern history, the central class has been the dynamo of the world’s economic, social, political and technological developments, the strength and wideness of the class has been the measure of the wisdom of nations, and from that point, the Kurdish central class in southern Kurdistan, even though it has been decades, it emerged later comparing with the other nations that have their own states, and after its establishment, it remained weak for a long time, but with the emergence and expansion of the class after the establishment of the State of Iraq (1921), actively and loyally and according to the restricted power, they have played a historical role in various changes in Kurdish history. Following the method of analysis and showing the contents of the subjects, the study aimed to highlight the emergence and elaboration of the Kurdish central class and its economic, political, cultural and social role in Kurdish history, concluded that most of the historical movements of Kurds, events and changes in the 20th century were carried out by this class, which at the end formed many new classes. In particular, the class of intellectuals and educated people played a vital role, despite backward and stateless surroundings; the class was able to protect its people from being diminished and going out of history after World War I. Between 1921 and 1968, the prominent characters of this class took over the running of the national, cultural, journalism, party and mass uprisings and were able to achieve dozens of historical achievements for the people.
{"title":"The Growth of the Middle Class in Southern Kurdistan (1921-1968)","authors":"Hunar Rostam Fatah, Hiwa Aziz Saeed","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi4.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi4.245","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the new and modern history, the central class has been the dynamo of the world’s economic, social, political and technological developments, the strength and wideness of the class has been the measure of the wisdom of nations, and from that point, the Kurdish central class in southern Kurdistan, even though it has been decades, it emerged later comparing with the other nations that have their own states, and after its establishment, it remained weak for a long time, but with the emergence and expansion of the class after the establishment of the State of Iraq (1921), actively and loyally and according to the restricted power, they have played a historical role in various changes in Kurdish history. Following the method of analysis and showing the contents of the subjects, the study aimed to highlight the emergence and elaboration of the Kurdish central class and its economic, political, cultural and social role in Kurdish history, concluded that most of the historical movements of Kurds, events and changes in the 20th century were carried out by this class, which at the end formed many new classes. In particular, the class of intellectuals and educated people played a vital role, despite backward and stateless surroundings; the class was able to protect its people from being diminished and going out of history after World War I. Between 1921 and 1968, the prominent characters of this class took over the running of the national, cultural, journalism, party and mass uprisings and were able to achieve dozens of historical achievements for the people.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the name of God, the most gracious, the most merciful Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, the faithful, and prayers and peace be upon the most eloquent of those who uttered adverbs, and upon his family, companions, and followers, and after: Grammar was not one of the Arabic sciences with which Al-Ala was concerned, old and new, and satiated it with research and scrutiny, until it matured and bore fruit. Each of the phases of this science was the result of the effects of those who were familiar with it and those who were devoted to it, who laid down its foundations and raised its foundations. These are the ones who dedicated themselves to building this great shrine, (Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari 761 AH), who left clear traces in this field.
{"title":"Ibn Hisham's Responses to Grammarians in the Verbs","authors":"Dana Ahmed Mustafa","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi4.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi4.252","url":null,"abstract":"In the name of God, the most gracious, the most merciful Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, the faithful, and prayers and peace be upon the most eloquent of those who uttered adverbs, and upon his family, companions, and followers, and after: Grammar was not one of the Arabic sciences with which Al-Ala was concerned, old and new, and satiated it with research and scrutiny, until it matured and bore fruit. Each of the phases of this science was the result of the effects of those who were familiar with it and those who were devoted to it, who laid down its foundations and raised its foundations. These are the ones who dedicated themselves to building this great shrine, (Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari 761 AH), who left clear traces in this field.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117239312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to identify a group of phonetic phenomenas related to the study of letters in the Arabic language, which received great attention from researchers of linguists, as it is one of the joint investigations between phonology and intonation science, which has (Al-Idghaam,Al- Iqlaab and Al-Ikhfaa) as a reference, from the perspective of Sheikh Jalal Al-Hanafi Al-Baghdadi. As Jalal Al-Hanafi is considered to be one of the prominent specialists in phonetic studies in Iraq, he dealt with many phonetic issues, through which he studied the relationships the affect and influence between Arabic tones, and demonstrated the importance that they can play in vocal performance, And he had good opinions and various views towards this phenomena, in terms of standing on their concept, types, limits, and the reasons behind them, as he went against the opinions of those who preceded him in their interpretation of them. So, he studied it in a critical interpretive study based on self-observation, or phonetic analysis supported by modern phonetic studies, and he attempted to interpret it phonetically, and through it, he sought to reveal the defect and disorders he found in interpreting some of the terms of these phenomenas among other scholars of language and intonation.
{"title":"Vocal Phenomena of AL-Sheikh Jalal Al-Hanafifi: the Research Of (Al-Idghaam ,Al-Iqlaab And Al-Ikhfaa) as an Example","authors":"Lawko Amir Muhammad Aziz, Taha Salih Amin Agha","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi4.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi4.251","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to identify a group of phonetic phenomenas related to the study of letters in the Arabic language, which received great attention from researchers of linguists, as it is one of the joint investigations between phonology and intonation science, which has (Al-Idghaam,Al- Iqlaab and Al-Ikhfaa) as a reference, from the perspective of Sheikh Jalal Al-Hanafi Al-Baghdadi. As Jalal Al-Hanafi is considered to be one of the prominent specialists in phonetic studies in Iraq, he dealt with many phonetic issues, through which he studied the relationships the affect and influence between Arabic tones, and demonstrated the importance that they can play in vocal performance, And he had good opinions and various views towards this phenomena, in terms of standing on their concept, types, limits, and the reasons behind them, as he went against the opinions of those who preceded him in their interpretation of them. So, he studied it in a critical interpretive study based on self-observation, or phonetic analysis supported by modern phonetic studies, and he attempted to interpret it phonetically, and through it, he sought to reveal the defect and disorders he found in interpreting some of the terms of these phenomenas among other scholars of language and intonation.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129869828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sharbazher district is rich in natural vegetation with (49%) of the area consisting of forest and other natural vegetation belts. Protecting this vegetation belt is an environmental necessity, as it has faced several environmental threats in the last two decades. The study identified environmental threats and evaluated the measures and efforts taken to protect this vegetation belt. The research used a (reading) method, followed by analytical and comparative methods. Field surveys of the study area were conducted on several different dates, data were collected and scenes were observed. The study found that along with natural threats, manmade threats are more significantly affecting the vegetation ecology of the region. Rainfall fluctuations have had a more notable impact on short vegetation and pastures. From summer to early winter, an environmental instability occurred that resulted in damaging riverside vegetation and streams, many of which during the years (20172022-) about (2310) trees were cut down, most of which were (Oak) trees, but according to the study’s estimation, more than (16000) trees were cut down during the same period. Until now, charcoal is made in coal furnaces from natural forest trees and this is carried out without official permission, during the years (20172022-) more than (20,000 acres) of weed and natural forests in the region have been burned. Also during the years (20012020-), there have been changes in the vegetation belts and land cover of the region, the area of dense and medium forest belts has increased, but the area of open forest belts has decreased, and there have been major changes in the land area of human settlements. The study outlines ways to protect the vegetation belt and emphasises the enforcement of Implemented laws on the protection of plants and forests. Keywords: Natural plants, Environmental threats, Forest law, Sharbazher district.
{"title":"The Geographical Analysis of Environmental Threats to Natural Plants in the Sharbazher District","authors":"Hawdin Kamil Ali, Hawre Yasin Mohammed Amin","doi":"10.54809/jkss.vi4.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54809/jkss.vi4.248","url":null,"abstract":"The Sharbazher district is rich in natural vegetation with (49%) of the area consisting of forest and other natural vegetation belts. Protecting this vegetation belt is an environmental necessity, as it has faced several environmental threats in the last two decades. The study identified environmental threats and evaluated the measures and efforts taken to protect this vegetation belt. The research used a (reading) method, followed by analytical and comparative methods. Field surveys of the study area were conducted on several different dates, data were collected and scenes were observed. The study found that along with natural threats, manmade threats are more significantly affecting the vegetation ecology of the region. Rainfall fluctuations have had a more notable impact on short vegetation and pastures. From summer to early winter, an environmental instability occurred that resulted in damaging riverside vegetation and streams, many of which during the years (20172022-) about (2310) trees were cut down, most of which were (Oak) trees, but according to the study’s estimation, more than (16000) trees were cut down during the same period. Until now, charcoal is made in coal furnaces from natural forest trees and this is carried out without official permission, during the years (20172022-) more than (20,000 acres) of weed and natural forests in the region have been burned. Also during the years (20012020-), there have been changes in the vegetation belts and land cover of the region, the area of dense and medium forest belts has increased, but the area of open forest belts has decreased, and there have been major changes in the land area of human settlements. The study outlines ways to protect the vegetation belt and emphasises the enforcement of Implemented laws on the protection of plants and forests. Keywords: Natural plants, Environmental threats, Forest law, Sharbazher district.","PeriodicalId":422187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131797205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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