Ground-penetrating radar is a detection method that uses high-frequency radio waves to determine the distribution pattern of materials inside a medium, and is widely used in geological exploration, archaeology, engineering, environment, and military fields. However, as a non-destructive, efficient and high-resolution detection method, ground-penetrating radar is limited by some key technologies and its performance has certain limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a new technology to build a new ground-penetrating radar system. The system consists of a kilovolt-level high-voltage pulse source, a high-isolation transceiver antenna, a zero intermediate frequency receiver and an upper computer, by which the detection depth and resolution indexes are significantly improved and excellent performance is achieved. The system is of great significance for the ground-penetrating radar performance breakthrough and ground-penetrating radar application field expansion.
{"title":"A Design of a New Strong Electromagnetic Pulse Ground-penetrating Radar System","authors":"Guoqing Zhou, Binfeng Yuan, Yexiao Gu, Xuchun Shang, Jiamin Qi","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792828","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-penetrating radar is a detection method that uses high-frequency radio waves to determine the distribution pattern of materials inside a medium, and is widely used in geological exploration, archaeology, engineering, environment, and military fields. However, as a non-destructive, efficient and high-resolution detection method, ground-penetrating radar is limited by some key technologies and its performance has certain limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a new technology to build a new ground-penetrating radar system. The system consists of a kilovolt-level high-voltage pulse source, a high-isolation transceiver antenna, a zero intermediate frequency receiver and an upper computer, by which the detection depth and resolution indexes are significantly improved and excellent performance is achieved. The system is of great significance for the ground-penetrating radar performance breakthrough and ground-penetrating radar application field expansion.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114096448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793215
F. .. Baulin, E. V. Buryi
The problem of obtaining time-shift invariant features for the LIDAR range profiles is considered. Techniques under consideration are based on the Fourier transform, complex wavelet transform, and Karhunen-Loeve transform. For each feature extraction technique, a classifier is trained and the resulting recognition error rates are estimated. These error rates are obtained for various widths of the random delay window. The comparison of provided estimates allows selecting a technique adequate to the expected ranges of the random time shift.
{"title":"Stability Estimates of LIDAR Range Profile Feature Extraction Techniques under Random Time Shifts","authors":"F. .. Baulin, E. V. Buryi","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793215","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of obtaining time-shift invariant features for the LIDAR range profiles is considered. Techniques under consideration are based on the Fourier transform, complex wavelet transform, and Karhunen-Loeve transform. For each feature extraction technique, a classifier is trained and the resulting recognition error rates are estimated. These error rates are obtained for various widths of the random delay window. The comparison of provided estimates allows selecting a technique adequate to the expected ranges of the random time shift.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114425636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792980
S. Kalhor, S. Kindness, R. Wallis, H. Beere, M. Ghanaatshoar, R. Degl’Innocenti, M. Kelly, S. Hofmann, H. Joyce, D. A. Ritchie, K. Delfanazari
The dynamically tunable terahertz (THz) waves and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in coupled hybrid superconducting niobium-graphene split-ring resonator arrays are investigated. Active modulation of THz waves is studied through two different approaches. Thermal tuning of THz amplitude and group delay is observed due to the temperature sensitivity of the niobium superconductor. Stronger photoresponses are observed when niobium is superconducting. The electrical tuning of the integrated hybrid device is accomplished through the integration of graphene patches with the superconducting circuit. The modulation of resonance strength and group delay is observed due to damping of the dark mode resonance in coupled split-ring resonator arrays. The proposed chip-scale device provides a route toward the implementation of active cryogenic THz devices.
{"title":"Active Terahertz Modulator and Slow Light Metamaterial Devices with Hybrid Graphene-superconductor Coupled Split-ring Resonator Arrays","authors":"S. Kalhor, S. Kindness, R. Wallis, H. Beere, M. Ghanaatshoar, R. Degl’Innocenti, M. Kelly, S. Hofmann, H. Joyce, D. A. Ritchie, K. Delfanazari","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792980","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamically tunable terahertz (THz) waves and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in coupled hybrid superconducting niobium-graphene split-ring resonator arrays are investigated. Active modulation of THz waves is studied through two different approaches. Thermal tuning of THz amplitude and group delay is observed due to the temperature sensitivity of the niobium superconductor. Stronger photoresponses are observed when niobium is superconducting. The electrical tuning of the integrated hybrid device is accomplished through the integration of graphene patches with the superconducting circuit. The modulation of resonance strength and group delay is observed due to damping of the dark mode resonance in coupled split-ring resonator arrays. The proposed chip-scale device provides a route toward the implementation of active cryogenic THz devices.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792892
E. Zabolotskikh, B. Chapron
Passive microwave ocean response to sea surface wind speed at C- and X-bands is estimated using numerical modeling of the atmosphere — ocean system brightness temperatures (BTs) and the measurements of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) over cold waters. A large dataset of the AMSR2 measurements over the Arctic open water seas for a whole year is collected to match up measurements and modeling results. ERA-Interim reanalysis data are explored to calculate the AMSR2 BTs. The sea surface wind speeds (SWS) are retrieved from the AMSR2 6.9 and 10.65 GHz measurements at both vertical and horizontal polarization with an algorithm developed earlier using an old version of the geophysical model function (GMF) for the BT dependency on SWS. Only SWS less than 20 m/s are used to derive the new GMFs to minimize the effect of foam. The new GMFs are compared to old ones and found to be very close for both vertically and horizontally polarized microwave signal at 6.9 GHz and a little bit different for the signal at 10.65 GHz — more for vertically and less for horizontally polarized signal. The new experimental models of the ocean response to SWS may be used for verification and elaboration of theoretical GMFs for cold Arctic waters for low to moderate sea surface winds.
{"title":"Estimation of Wind Induced Ocean Microwave Emission at C- and X-band Frequencies from the AMSR2 Measurements over the Arctic Waters","authors":"E. Zabolotskikh, B. Chapron","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792892","url":null,"abstract":"Passive microwave ocean response to sea surface wind speed at C- and X-bands is estimated using numerical modeling of the atmosphere — ocean system brightness temperatures (BTs) and the measurements of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) over cold waters. A large dataset of the AMSR2 measurements over the Arctic open water seas for a whole year is collected to match up measurements and modeling results. ERA-Interim reanalysis data are explored to calculate the AMSR2 BTs. The sea surface wind speeds (SWS) are retrieved from the AMSR2 6.9 and 10.65 GHz measurements at both vertical and horizontal polarization with an algorithm developed earlier using an old version of the geophysical model function (GMF) for the BT dependency on SWS. Only SWS less than 20 m/s are used to derive the new GMFs to minimize the effect of foam. The new GMFs are compared to old ones and found to be very close for both vertically and horizontally polarized microwave signal at 6.9 GHz and a little bit different for the signal at 10.65 GHz — more for vertically and less for horizontally polarized signal. The new experimental models of the ocean response to SWS may be used for verification and elaboration of theoretical GMFs for cold Arctic waters for low to moderate sea surface winds.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114587372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792827
N. Pelagalli, M. Aldrigo, M. Dragoman, M. Modreanu, D. Mencarelli, L. Pierantoni
Transition metal dicalchogenides (TMDCs) are material whose fundamental structure consists of one atom of transition metal and two atoms of chalcogen. The interest on these compounds has constantly increased because of their peculiar chemical and physical properties. Among TMDCs, we can find molybdenum ditelluride, tungsten diselenide, molybdenum diselenide, and molybdenum disulfide (MoTe2, WeSe2, MoSe2, and MoS2, respectively). When using few-atom-thick layers, MoS2 (also known as “molybdenite” has shown the possibility of outperforming the current silicon technology and of being used in many different applications, such as sensors, solar cells, photo detectors, field-effect transistor, and geometric diodes. The latter present different advantages with respect to classical diode structures because a geometric diode is created by etching channels in a planar semiconductor/semimetal, thus forming a so-called “self-switching diode” (SSD), which has demonstrated to detect both microwave and THz signals. An SSD is different from classical diodes, in the sense that no junctions are necessary (hence no doping), and its physics relies upon a nonlinear current, which flows through nanometer-sized parallel channels and is controlled by field-effect phenomena. The simplicity in the fabrication process, a higher breakdown voltage, and less parasitic effects are among the advantages of such diodes. In this work, by means of full-wave drift-diffusion equation-based simulations, we show a physical model for MoS2-based geometric diodes, which have lately demonstrated to be possible candidates in both microwave and solar energy harvesting applications. The validation of this model will be performed through comparisons with experimental data retrieved from two different geometrical/technological configurations. In the first one, we consider a bulk (i.e., multilayer, bandgap of 1.2 eV) MoS2 and a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSi$mathrm{O}_{3/2})_{n}$ encapsulation; the second one is an analogous structure that comprises a monolayer MoS2 (bandgap of 1.85 eV) with an A$1_{2}mathrm{O}_{3}$ encapsulation obtained by depositing a 3-nm-thick layer of Al to prevent the oxidation of the MoS2 monolayer.
{"title":"Geometric Diode Modeling for Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"N. Pelagalli, M. Aldrigo, M. Dragoman, M. Modreanu, D. Mencarelli, L. Pierantoni","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792827","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal dicalchogenides (TMDCs) are material whose fundamental structure consists of one atom of transition metal and two atoms of chalcogen. The interest on these compounds has constantly increased because of their peculiar chemical and physical properties. Among TMDCs, we can find molybdenum ditelluride, tungsten diselenide, molybdenum diselenide, and molybdenum disulfide (MoTe2, WeSe2, MoSe2, and MoS2, respectively). When using few-atom-thick layers, MoS2 (also known as “molybdenite” has shown the possibility of outperforming the current silicon technology and of being used in many different applications, such as sensors, solar cells, photo detectors, field-effect transistor, and geometric diodes. The latter present different advantages with respect to classical diode structures because a geometric diode is created by etching channels in a planar semiconductor/semimetal, thus forming a so-called “self-switching diode” (SSD), which has demonstrated to detect both microwave and THz signals. An SSD is different from classical diodes, in the sense that no junctions are necessary (hence no doping), and its physics relies upon a nonlinear current, which flows through nanometer-sized parallel channels and is controlled by field-effect phenomena. The simplicity in the fabrication process, a higher breakdown voltage, and less parasitic effects are among the advantages of such diodes. In this work, by means of full-wave drift-diffusion equation-based simulations, we show a physical model for MoS2-based geometric diodes, which have lately demonstrated to be possible candidates in both microwave and solar energy harvesting applications. The validation of this model will be performed through comparisons with experimental data retrieved from two different geometrical/technological configurations. In the first one, we consider a bulk (i.e., multilayer, bandgap of 1.2 eV) MoS2 and a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSi$mathrm{O}_{3/2})_{n}$ encapsulation; the second one is an analogous structure that comprises a monolayer MoS2 (bandgap of 1.85 eV) with an A$1_{2}mathrm{O}_{3}$ encapsulation obtained by depositing a 3-nm-thick layer of Al to prevent the oxidation of the MoS2 monolayer.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792584
Yuqi He, Mengkai Xi, Sihan Lv, Ge Zhao, Lu-yu Zhao
Millimeter-wave technology has attracted a lot of attention from academia and industry, while millimeter wave antenna arrays are utilized in both base stations and mobile terminals to confront the issues of high loss and channel blockage. In addition, since the space in the mobile terminal is extremely limited, there is an urgent need for a very compact size, as well as a high wide beam scanning capability to achieve greater spatial coverage and reduce the number of millimeter wave antenna modules required. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the high- performance scanning techniques for millimeter wave antenna and array under the background of current solutions, and predict the future development of millimeter wave antenna, as well as its test system.
{"title":"Wide Beam Scanning Antenna Array and Near Field Testing System for 5G Millimeter-wave Communications","authors":"Yuqi He, Mengkai Xi, Sihan Lv, Ge Zhao, Lu-yu Zhao","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792584","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-wave technology has attracted a lot of attention from academia and industry, while millimeter wave antenna arrays are utilized in both base stations and mobile terminals to confront the issues of high loss and channel blockage. In addition, since the space in the mobile terminal is extremely limited, there is an urgent need for a very compact size, as well as a high wide beam scanning capability to achieve greater spatial coverage and reduce the number of millimeter wave antenna modules required. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the high- performance scanning techniques for millimeter wave antenna and array under the background of current solutions, and predict the future development of millimeter wave antenna, as well as its test system.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133177549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792762
R. Qin
Detecting the internal dynamic structure in opaque production line helps to obtain essential information for steering the processing parameter. This work reports the implementation of electric field and magnified percolation effect to a continuous casting mold. It is able to indicate the change of internal dynamic structure such as the solid shell thickness, nozzle condensation, structural integrity of coating film, slag entrapping and inclusion states. The method does not suffer from the penetration limit from skin effect of electromagnetic field and has potential to detect the structural health of engineering component made by multiphase alloys.
{"title":"Using Electric Field to Monitor the Continuous Casting","authors":"R. Qin","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792762","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting the internal dynamic structure in opaque production line helps to obtain essential information for steering the processing parameter. This work reports the implementation of electric field and magnified percolation effect to a continuous casting mold. It is able to indicate the change of internal dynamic structure such as the solid shell thickness, nozzle condensation, structural integrity of coating film, slag entrapping and inclusion states. The method does not suffer from the penetration limit from skin effect of electromagnetic field and has potential to detect the structural health of engineering component made by multiphase alloys.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792738
J. Hassan, Xing Yan, Jiangbo Wu, Dingwei Chen, Sohail Muhammad, Abalo E. Eyouemou, Yongjun Huang, G. Wen
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies allow the reduction of mass and manufacture of gyroscopes, which demonstrate the features of small volume, low consumption of power, high trustiness, and easy integration with many applications, as a device for measuring the angular velocity of moving objects. In order to optimize the sensing performance, we designed a new model of a micro-gyroscope based on a photonic crystal optomechanical cavity. The proposed micro-gyroscope has the following functional features, according to modeling results: operating bandwidth 10 Hz, mechanical sensitivity $d y / d Omega text { of } 0.340 mathrm{~nm} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$, optomechanical sensitivity $d omega_{text {sense}} / d Omega$ is $2.09 mathrm{kHz} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$, and measurement range is $pm 33.12(^circ / mathrm{s})$.
微机电系统(MEMS)技术使陀螺仪具有体积小、功耗低、可靠性高、易于集成等特点，可用于测量运动物体的角速度。为了优化传感性能，我们设计了一种新型的基于光子晶体光机械腔的微陀螺仪。根据建模结果，所提出的微陀螺仪具有以下功能特征:工作带宽为10 Hz，机械灵敏度$d y / d Omega text { of } 0.340 mathrm{~nm} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$，光机械灵敏度$d omega_{text {sense}} / d Omega$为$2.09 mathrm{kHz} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$，测量范围$pm 33.12(^circ / mathrm{s})$。
{"title":"Design of Optical Gyroscope Based on the Cavity Optomechanics Structure","authors":"J. Hassan, Xing Yan, Jiangbo Wu, Dingwei Chen, Sohail Muhammad, Abalo E. Eyouemou, Yongjun Huang, G. Wen","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792738","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies allow the reduction of mass and manufacture of gyroscopes, which demonstrate the features of small volume, low consumption of power, high trustiness, and easy integration with many applications, as a device for measuring the angular velocity of moving objects. In order to optimize the sensing performance, we designed a new model of a micro-gyroscope based on a photonic crystal optomechanical cavity. The proposed micro-gyroscope has the following functional features, according to modeling results: operating bandwidth 10 Hz, mechanical sensitivity $d y / d Omega text { of } 0.340 mathrm{~nm} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$, optomechanical sensitivity $d omega_{text {sense}} / d Omega$ is $2.09 mathrm{kHz} /(^circ / mathrm{s})$, and measurement range is $pm 33.12(^circ / mathrm{s})$.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123587338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793037
Yisheng Zhang, Yongcun Cheng, Yizhi Li
The offshore wind energy has been evaluated in the South China Sea. However, few works focus on the long-term variability of the wind resources, which is vital for regional wind farm planning and construction. In this work, we analyzed combined remote sensing data from Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and QuickSCAT, ERA-interim and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of wind resources in the South China Sea. The CSEOF (cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function decomposition) analysis was adopted to show the spatial-temporal patterns of the offshore wind energy. The results indicate that the first modes (annual cycle signals) accounted for about 80% of the total variability in the analyzed datasets, and the second or third mode (depends on the length of the dataset) of CSEOF high correlated with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). Significant wind speed variability was observed during the El Nino events.
{"title":"Variability of Wind Energy in the South China Sea","authors":"Yisheng Zhang, Yongcun Cheng, Yizhi Li","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9793037","url":null,"abstract":"The offshore wind energy has been evaluated in the South China Sea. However, few works focus on the long-term variability of the wind resources, which is vital for regional wind farm planning and construction. In this work, we analyzed combined remote sensing data from Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and QuickSCAT, ERA-interim and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of wind resources in the South China Sea. The CSEOF (cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function decomposition) analysis was adopted to show the spatial-temporal patterns of the offshore wind energy. The results indicate that the first modes (annual cycle signals) accounted for about 80% of the total variability in the analyzed datasets, and the second or third mode (depends on the length of the dataset) of CSEOF high correlated with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). Significant wind speed variability was observed during the El Nino events.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125764162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792948
A. Prokhodtsov, V. Kovalyuk, P. An, D. Chubich, D. Merkushev, D. Kolymagin, R. Ozhegov, G. Chulkova, A. Vitukhnovsky, G. Goltsman
This paper investigates the thermo-optical (TO) effect of misaligned polymer wire bonds (PWB) connecting planar silicon nitride waveguides. To characterize the fabricated devices, we measured the optical transmission through PWBs by changing the chip temperature in the range from 30°C to 80°C. We used an experimental setup, which included a tunable laser source in the 1510-1620 nm range and a changeable temperature stage. By gradually changing the temperature of the sample, we measured the transmission parameter through the reference arm and the arm with PWB. We found that the TO coefficient equals 837 pm/°C, respectively, with the change resonance wavelength. The results can be used to design complex optical interconnections inside and between chip and show the thermal stability of such interconnection.
{"title":"Thermo Optical Properties of 3D Photonic Wire Bonding Connecting Silicon Nitride Waveguides","authors":"A. Prokhodtsov, V. Kovalyuk, P. An, D. Chubich, D. Merkushev, D. Kolymagin, R. Ozhegov, G. Chulkova, A. Vitukhnovsky, G. Goltsman","doi":"10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/piers55526.2022.9792948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the thermo-optical (TO) effect of misaligned polymer wire bonds (PWB) connecting planar silicon nitride waveguides. To characterize the fabricated devices, we measured the optical transmission through PWBs by changing the chip temperature in the range from 30°C to 80°C. We used an experimental setup, which included a tunable laser source in the 1510-1620 nm range and a changeable temperature stage. By gradually changing the temperature of the sample, we measured the transmission parameter through the reference arm and the arm with PWB. We found that the TO coefficient equals 837 pm/°C, respectively, with the change resonance wavelength. The results can be used to design complex optical interconnections inside and between chip and show the thermal stability of such interconnection.","PeriodicalId":422383,"journal":{"name":"2022 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130376137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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