Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.44806
Galih Wahyu Wicaksono
This article was conducted to find out the views on sampling action in terms of Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and to find out how legal protection can be carried out by an Author or Copyright Holder. Sampling is an act of taking or using a part of the copyrighted work of an Author or Copyright Holder which will later be used in a new composition. The method in this research uses empirical writing methods and uses a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that sampling is not an infringement of Copyright if it is not carried out for commercial activities where commercial activities have violated the economic rights of the Creator or the Copyright Holder, if the objective is for commercial activities then it must obtain permission from the Creator or Copyright Holder, Creator or Holder. Copyright can enter into a license contract to protect his copyrighted works and has the right to file a lawsuit for compensation if his rights have been violated and caused losses, and there are criminal provisions to protect works belonging to the Creator or the Copyright Holder. In addition, the Creator or Copyright Holder can register a work, this is done as an initial presumption to prove copyright ownership, but it cannot be used as absolute evidence.Keywords: Copyright; Sampling; Music; Economic Rights
{"title":"TINDAKAN SAMPLING PADA KARYA CIPTA MUSIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG–UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA","authors":"Galih Wahyu Wicaksono","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.44806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.44806","url":null,"abstract":"This article was conducted to find out the views on sampling action in terms of Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and to find out how legal protection can be carried out by an Author or Copyright Holder. Sampling is an act of taking or using a part of the copyrighted work of an Author or Copyright Holder which will later be used in a new composition. The method in this research uses empirical writing methods and uses a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that sampling is not an infringement of Copyright if it is not carried out for commercial activities where commercial activities have violated the economic rights of the Creator or the Copyright Holder, if the objective is for commercial activities then it must obtain permission from the Creator or Copyright Holder, Creator or Holder. Copyright can enter into a license contract to protect his copyrighted works and has the right to file a lawsuit for compensation if his rights have been violated and caused losses, and there are criminal provisions to protect works belonging to the Creator or the Copyright Holder. In addition, the Creator or Copyright Holder can register a work, this is done as an initial presumption to prove copyright ownership, but it cannot be used as absolute evidence.Keywords: Copyright; Sampling; Music; Economic Rights","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129505971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.44301
Muhammad Argian Azhar
AbstractThe objective of this articles is to reveal and examine issues regarding the form of standard credit agreement on a notarial deed to protect the interests of the bank and legal protection granted to the bank through a standard clause on the credit agreement on the notarial deed. This articles includes normative legal research. The characteristics of this articles are the Perspective. The legal material collection technique is used to obtain the necessary legal materials so that by using documentation or document study techniques that are gathering material relevant to the problems and interviewing to the notary and the bank. While the analytical technique takes the deductive method. The results of the research concluded that notarial bank credit agreement deed will be very useful for creditors about the strength of the evidence, particularly by including the forms of standard clauses that are considered important in credit agreements, for instance, clauses regarding actions prohibited by banks that are prohibited primarily aimed at protecting the interests of banks both legally and economically, including the prohibition of requesting credit from other parties without the bank's permission or the prohibition to change the form of a company or the liquidation of a company without the bank's permission. Then with the clause on fines that are intended to reinforce the rights of banks to do both the size and condition, however in practice in banking making credit agreements with a deed under the counter can also provide guarantees of execution, because both the notary deed and under the counter always followed by other collateral institutions that the deed is executor. Besides, in the case of a non-performance of contract dispute between the debtor and the creditor, the deeds are not the base of reason used by. The Parties only have the problems with the non-performance of contract and not the deeds.Keywords: Notarial Deed; Interest of Bank; Standard Clause; Credit Agreement. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji permasalahan mengenai bentuk klausula baku perjanjian kredit pada akta notaris untuk melindungi kepentingan bank dan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada bank melalui klausula baku pada perjanjian kredit di akta notaris. Artikel ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatif. Sifat dari artikel ini adalah prespektif. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik dokumentasi atau studi dokumen dan wawancara dengan notaris serta pihak bank. Sedangkan teknik analisis dengan metode deduktif. Akta perjanjian kredit perbankan yang dibuat secara notariil akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kreditor tentang kekuatan pembuktiannya, terutama dengan mencantumkan bentuk-bentuk klausa baku yang di anggap penting dalam perjanjian kredit, seperti klausula mengenai tindakan yang di larang oleh bank yang pada utamanya bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan bank baik secara yuridis maupun secara ekonomis, diantaranya larangan untuk memi
摘要本文旨在揭示和探讨公证契据上订立标准信用协议的形式对银行利益的保护以及通过公证契据上订立标准条款对银行的法律保护等问题。本文包括规范性法律研究。本文的特点是视角。法律资料收集技术是用来获取必要的法律资料,以便通过使用文件或文件研究技术收集与问题相关的材料并与公证员和银行面谈。而分析技术则采用演绎法。研究结果表明,公证银行信贷协议契约对债权人的证据力度非常有用,特别是通过包括在信贷协议中被认为重要的标准条款的形式,例如,关于银行禁止的行为的条款,这些条款主要是为了保护银行在法律和经济上的利益。包括禁止在未经银行许可的情况下向其他方申请信贷或禁止在未经银行许可的情况下改变公司形式或清算公司。然后用罚款条款来强化银行做这两方面的权利的规模和条件,然而在实践中,在银行制定信用协议时,用柜台契约也可以提供执行担保,因为无论是公证契约还是柜台契约,后面总是有其他担保机构认为该契约是遗嘱执行人。此外,在债务人与债权人之间发生不履行合同纠纷的情况下,契约并不是诉讼的理由依据。当事人只有不履行合同的问题,没有契约的问题。关键词:公证书;银行利息;标准条款;信贷协议。[摘要]artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji permasalahan mengenai bentuk klausula baku perjanjian credit padakta notaris untuk melindunki kepentingan bank, perlindungan hukum yang diberikkan kepada bank melalusula baku padjanjian credit di akta notaris。Artikel ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatim。这是一篇文章,它是一篇文章。日本技术研究所(Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan),日本技术研究所(Teknik dokumentasi),日本技术研究所(danwanancara dengan公证),日本银行。Sedangkan技术分析登根方法deduktif。马来西亚信贷银行(Akta perjanjian credit) yang ditujuan untuk melindingan bank),马来西亚信贷银行(Akta perjanjian credit),马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行,马来西亚信贷银行这句话的意思是:“在银行查封”,意思是“在银行查封”。Kemudian dengan adanya klausula mengenai denda yang dimaksukan untuk mempertegas hak-hak bank untuk melakukan pemungutan, baik mengenai besarya maupun kondisinya。Namun dalam praktek di perbankan pembuatan perjanjian信贷dengan akta dibawah tangan juga dapa成员,karena baik terhadap akan公证人,maupun dibawah tangan selalu diikuti dengan lembaga jaminan yang aktanya bersifat eksekutul。除amamitdalam senketa wanprestasasantara债务人和债权人,akta-akta tersebut tidak menjadi alasan yang digunakan。Para pihak hanya mempermasalahkan wanprestasinya dan bukan aktanya。Kata Kunci: Akta Notaris;Kepentingan银行;Klausula巴库;Perjanjian Kredit。
{"title":"KLAUSULA BAKU PERJANJIAN KREDIT PADA AKTA NOTARIS UNTUK MELINDUNGI KEPENTINGAN BANK","authors":"Muhammad Argian Azhar","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.44301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.44301","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe objective of this articles is to reveal and examine issues regarding the form of standard credit agreement on a notarial deed to protect the interests of the bank and legal protection granted to the bank through a standard clause on the credit agreement on the notarial deed. This articles includes normative legal research. The characteristics of this articles are the Perspective. The legal material collection technique is used to obtain the necessary legal materials so that by using documentation or document study techniques that are gathering material relevant to the problems and interviewing to the notary and the bank. While the analytical technique takes the deductive method. The results of the research concluded that notarial bank credit agreement deed will be very useful for creditors about the strength of the evidence, particularly by including the forms of standard clauses that are considered important in credit agreements, for instance, clauses regarding actions prohibited by banks that are prohibited primarily aimed at protecting the interests of banks both legally and economically, including the prohibition of requesting credit from other parties without the bank's permission or the prohibition to change the form of a company or the liquidation of a company without the bank's permission. Then with the clause on fines that are intended to reinforce the rights of banks to do both the size and condition, however in practice in banking making credit agreements with a deed under the counter can also provide guarantees of execution, because both the notary deed and under the counter always followed by other collateral institutions that the deed is executor. Besides, in the case of a non-performance of contract dispute between the debtor and the creditor, the deeds are not the base of reason used by. The Parties only have the problems with the non-performance of contract and not the deeds.Keywords: Notarial Deed; Interest of Bank; Standard Clause; Credit Agreement. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji permasalahan mengenai bentuk klausula baku perjanjian kredit pada akta notaris untuk melindungi kepentingan bank dan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada bank melalui klausula baku pada perjanjian kredit di akta notaris. Artikel ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatif. Sifat dari artikel ini adalah prespektif. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik dokumentasi atau studi dokumen dan wawancara dengan notaris serta pihak bank. Sedangkan teknik analisis dengan metode deduktif. Akta perjanjian kredit perbankan yang dibuat secara notariil akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kreditor tentang kekuatan pembuktiannya, terutama dengan mencantumkan bentuk-bentuk klausa baku yang di anggap penting dalam perjanjian kredit, seperti klausula mengenai tindakan yang di larang oleh bank yang pada utamanya bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan bank baik secara yuridis maupun secara ekonomis, diantaranya larangan untuk memi","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"504 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129709105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.44771
Muhammad Hafiz Dwidhani Putra
Absract
There are still very few business actors who voluntarily want to use mediation outside the court, in the sense of taking the initiative to use mediation before submitting a lawsuit to court. However, from an efficiency perspective, using the mediation route is much more profitable than using the litigation route. Business actors also think that dispute resolution through mediation has not yet obtained a strong legal position in resolving business disputes.The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the existence of mediation outside the court as an alternative for business dispute resolution. The type of research used is normative legal research, which is research that examines laws and regulations that have a relationship with the object of research, especially regarding the principles, concepts and legal norms contained in these regulations. The research results show that the existence of mediation outside the court as an alternative to resolving business disputes is a means or place to resolve disputes, especially in the business sector, which is considered to be able to quickly uphold the value of togetherness and not deprive or suppress individual freedom. Mediation outside the court as an alternative to resolving business disputes can benefit both parties to the dispute, which means that the parties are more flexible in creating possible options that can be offered in the dispute resolution process. Although a business dispute is a form of dispute that is somewhat different from a dispute in general.
Masih sangat sedikit pelaku usaha yang secara sukarela mau menggunakan mediasi di luar pengadilan, dalam arti berinisiatif menggunakan mediasi sebelum mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan. Padahal jika dilihat dari segi efisiensi, menggunakan jalur mediasi jauh lebih menguntungkan daripada menggunakan jalur litigasi. Pelaku usaha juga beranggapan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi belum mendapatkan kedudukan hukum yang kuat dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis eksistensi mediasi di luar pengadilan sebagai aleternatif penyelesaian sengketa bisinis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yaitu penelitian yang mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang mempunyai keterkaitan dengan obyek kajian penelitian khususnya mengenai asas-asas, konsep dan norma hukum y
在向法院提起诉讼前主动使用调解的意义上,目前仍然很少有商业行为者自愿使用庭外调解。然而,从效率的角度来看,采用调解途径比采用诉讼途径更有利。商业行为者还认为,通过调解解决纠纷在解决商业纠纷中尚未获得强有力的法律地位。本研究的目的是确定和分析法院外调解作为商业纠纷解决的另一种选择的存在。所使用的研究类型是规范性法律研究,即研究与研究对象有关系的法律法规,特别是这些法规中包含的原则、概念和法律规范。研究结果表明,庭外调解作为解决商事纠纷的一种替代方式的存在,是解决纠纷的一种手段或场所,尤其是在商事领域,被认为能够迅速维护团结的价值,不剥夺或压制个人自由。法院外调解作为解决商业纠纷的一种选择,对纠纷双方都有利,这意味着双方在纠纷解决过程中可以更灵活地创造可能的选择。尽管商业纠纷是一种与一般纠纷有所不同的纠纷形式。关键词:问题;中介;替代性争议解决。杨Abstrak Masih sangat sedikit pelaku usaha secara sukarela茂menggunakan mediasi di luar pengadilan, dalam arti berinisiatif menggunakan mediasi sebelum mengajukan gugatan pengadilan。孟古纳坎新闻媒体报道:孟古纳坎新闻媒体报道:孟古纳坎新闻报道。我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿,我的女儿。图juan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalis eksisisii media .(图juan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui .)Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatiatif yitu penelitian yang mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan dengan obyek kajian penelitian khususnya mengenai asas-as, konsep dan norma hukum yang tertuang dalam peraturan tersebut。apapun hasil penelitian bahwa eksistensi mediasi di luar pengadilan sebagai替代penyeyei, sengketa, berkeduduan, sebagaii, sarana, atatu, untutui, sengketa, terutama, dalam, bidang, bisnii, dataii, kebersamaan, dataii, kebersamaan, dataii, kebersamaan, dataii, kebersamaan, datakak, merampas, atau, menkenan, kebebasan,个人。Mediasi di luar pengadilan sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa bisnis dapat menguntungkan kedua比拉pihak杨bersengketa,杨artinya bahwa对位pihak lebih leluasa为她mengkreasi kemungkinan opsi杨dapat ditawarkan dalam散文penyelesaian sengketa。Meskipun Sengketa bisnis merupakan suatu bentuk Sengketa yang agak berbeda dengan Sengketa pada umumnya。Kata Kunci: Masalah;Mediasi;替代penyelesan senketa。
{"title":"PROBLEMATIKA MEDIASI DI LUAR PENGADILAN SEBAGAI MODEL RESOLUSI SENGKETA BISNIS","authors":"Muhammad Hafiz Dwidhani Putra","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.44771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.44771","url":null,"abstract":"<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Absract</em></strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>There are still very few business actors who voluntarily want to use mediation outside the court, in the sense of taking the initiative to use mediation before submitting a lawsuit to court. However, from an efficiency perspective, using the mediation route is much more profitable than using the litigation route. Business actors also think that dispute resolution through mediation has not yet obtained a strong legal position in resolving business disputes.The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the existence of mediation outside the court as an alternative for business dispute resolution. The type of research used is normative legal research, which is research that examines laws and regulations that have a relationship with the object of research, especially regarding the principles, concepts and legal norms contained in these regulations. The research results show that the existence of mediation outside the court as an alternative to resolving business disputes is a means or place to resolve disputes, especially in the business sector, which is considered to be able to quickly uphold the value of togetherness and not deprive or suppress individual freedom. Mediation outside the court as an alternative to resolving business disputes can benefit both parties to the dispute, which means that the parties are more flexible in creating possible options that can be offered in the dispute resolution process. Although a business dispute is a form of dispute that is somewhat different from a dispute in general.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><strong><em>Problematics; Mediation</em></strong><strong><em>;</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Alternative </em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Dispute Resolution</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong><strong> </strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p><p>Masih sangat sedikit pelaku usaha yang secara sukarela mau menggunakan mediasi di luar pengadilan, dalam arti berinisiatif menggunakan mediasi sebelum mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan. Padahal jika dilihat dari segi efisiensi, menggunakan jalur mediasi jauh lebih menguntungkan daripada menggunakan jalur litigasi. Pelaku usaha juga beranggapan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi belum mendapatkan kedudukan hukum yang kuat dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis eksistensi mediasi di luar pengadilan sebagai aleternatif penyelesaian sengketa bisinis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yaitu penelitian yang mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang mempunyai keterkaitan dengan obyek kajian penelitian khususnya mengenai asas-asas, konsep dan norma hukum y","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116484883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.47219
Kasvi Arsalova
Abstract
This legal research identifies legal problems related to the phenomenon of copy-paste design of fashion that happens in the fashion industry through Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning the Copyright and do a comparison of the legal protection of fashion design in the United States, South Korea, and France. This legal research uses descriptive normative research methods. The result of this legal research is the protection of Copyright that the creators have is already set in the current regulations and a comparison of the legal protection of fashion design can be said to be balanced with a state of the United States and South Korea but are still lagging behind the French.
Keywords: Copyright Protection; Fashion Design; Comparative Law
Abstrak
Penulisan hukum ini mengidentifikasi problematika hukum terkait fenomena copy-paste desain fesyen yang terjadi di industri mode melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 28 tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan melakukan perbandingan perlindungan hukum desain fesyen di negara Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan, dan Perancis. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif bersifat deskriptif. Hasil dari penulisan hukum ini adalah perlindungan Hak Cipta terhadap pencipta sudah diatur dalam peraturan yang berlaku saat ini dan perbandingan perlindungan hukum atas desain fesyen dapat dikatakan seimbang dengan negara Amerikat Serikat dan Korea Selatan namun masih tertinggal dari negara Perancis.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hak Cipta; Desain Fesyen; Perbandingan Hukum
【摘要】本法律研究通过2014年《版权法》第28号法对服装行业中出现的服装复制粘贴设计现象进行法律分析,并对美国、韩国和法国服装设计的法律保护进行比较。本法律研究采用描述性规范研究方法。这一法律研究的结果是,创作者所拥有的版权保护已经在现行法规中有所规定,与之相比,对服装设计的法律保护可以说是平衡的,与美国和韩国的状态相比,仍然落后于法国。关键词:著作权保护;时装设计;【比较法摘要】中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法在中国的比较法penpenisan在孟古纳坎的方法penpenisan规范是一种典型的写法。Hasil达里语penulisan hukum ini adalah perlindungan在野阵营Cipta terhadap pencipta sudah diatur dalam peraturan杨berlaku种子ini丹perbandingan perlindungan hukum ata desain fesyen dapat dikatakan seimbang dengan negara Amerikat Serikat丹韩国塞拉坦风namun masih tertinggal达里语negara Perancis。Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hak Cipta;Desain Fesyen;Perbandingan Hukum
{"title":"FENOMENA COPY-PASTE DESAIN FESYEN DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA (STUDI PERBANDINGAN HUKUM KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL NEGARA AMERIKA SERIKAT, KOREA SELATAN DAN PERANCIS)","authors":"Kasvi Arsalova","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.47219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.47219","url":null,"abstract":"<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>This legal research identifies legal problems related to the phenomenon of copy-paste design of fashion that happens in the fashion industry through Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning the Copyright and do a comparison of the legal protection of fashion design in the United States, South Korea, and France. This legal research uses descriptive normative research methods. The result of this legal research is the protection of Copyright that the creators have is already set in the current regulations and a comparison of the legal protection of fashion design can be said to be balanced with a state of the United States and South Korea but are still lagging behind the French.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Copyright Protection; Fashion Design; Comparative Law</em></strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p><p align=\"center\"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penulisan hukum ini mengidentifikasi problematika hukum terkait fenomena <em>copy-paste </em>desain fesyen yang terjadi di industri mode melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 28 tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan melakukan perbandingan perlindungan hukum desain fesyen di negara Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan, dan Perancis. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif bersifat deskriptif. Hasil dari penulisan hukum ini adalah perlindungan Hak Cipta terhadap pencipta sudah diatur dalam peraturan yang berlaku saat ini dan perbandingan perlindungan hukum atas desain fesyen dapat dikatakan seimbang dengan negara Amerikat Serikat dan Korea Selatan namun masih tertinggal dari negara Perancis.</p><strong>Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hak Cipta; Desain Fesyen; Perbandingan Hukum</strong>","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133395900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.45370
Dzaky Alwan Bisyir
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan hak tanggungan elektronik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan peneltian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Selanjutnya teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dengan metode analisis interaktif. Problematika dalam pelaksanaan hak tanggungan elektronik yaitu adanya ketidaksesuaian norma hukum terkait dengan hak tanggungan elektronik antara Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan dengan Peraturan Menteri Nomor 9 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelayanan Hak Tanggungan Terintegrasi Secara Elektronik. Selanjutnya yaitu lemahnya sistem pembuktian yang mengatur mengenai dokumen elektronik yang terdapat pada sistem hak tanggungan elektronik jika terjadi permasalahan hukum. Permasalahan terakhir yaitu rendahnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia serta sarana prasarana oleh pihak pengguna sistem hak tanggungan elektronik.
{"title":"PROBLEMATIKA DALAM PELAKSANAAN HAK TANGGUNGAN ELEKTRONIK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 4 TAHUN 1996 TENTANG HAK TANGGUNGAN ATAS TANAH BESERTA BENDA-BENDA YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN TANAH","authors":"Dzaky Alwan Bisyir","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.45370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.45370","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan hak tanggungan elektronik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan peneltian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Selanjutnya teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dengan metode analisis interaktif. Problematika dalam pelaksanaan hak tanggungan elektronik yaitu adanya ketidaksesuaian norma hukum terkait dengan hak tanggungan elektronik antara Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan dengan Peraturan Menteri Nomor 9 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelayanan Hak Tanggungan Terintegrasi Secara Elektronik. Selanjutnya yaitu lemahnya sistem pembuktian yang mengatur mengenai dokumen elektronik yang terdapat pada sistem hak tanggungan elektronik jika terjadi permasalahan hukum. Permasalahan terakhir yaitu rendahnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia serta sarana prasarana oleh pihak pengguna sistem hak tanggungan elektronik.","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.44159
Amaris Arin Aprilia
This article aims to assess the legal issue of surrogacy in the scope of Indonesian private law, along with a comparison with Indian and Thai domestic laws concerning related matters. This article applies the method of juridical normative, with analytical and descriptive character. The legal data provided in this article contains both primary and secondary data. The data collection technique is library based, including the use of digital libraries. Data collection begins with research, and the information collected will be analyzed deductively with the method of syllogism. The results of this research indicate that infertility is the main driving factor for surrogacy as a form of last-resort alternative to have a baby. Surrogacy starts with agreements between the subject and works almost similarly with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), but the embryo is implanted into someone else's womb. The absence of support for surrogacy agreements within the Indonesian health regulations make the existing agreements invalid in the eyes of the law because they violate one of the legal terms of the agreement according to the Civil Code. India and Thailand initially permitted commercial surrogacy. However, the increasing number of abandonment cases from surrogacy led to the two countries into banning commercial surrogacy and later requiring certain conditions for voluntary actions.
{"title":"STUDI KOMPARASI SEWA MENYEWA RAHIM ANTARA NEGARA INDIA DAN THAILAND DENGAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM ASPEK HUKUM PERDATA","authors":"Amaris Arin Aprilia","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.44159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.44159","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to assess the legal issue of surrogacy in the scope of Indonesian private law, along with a comparison with Indian and Thai domestic laws concerning related matters. This article applies the method of juridical normative, with analytical and descriptive character. The legal data provided in this article contains both primary and secondary data. The data collection technique is library based, including the use of digital libraries. Data collection begins with research, and the information collected will be analyzed deductively with the method of syllogism. The results of this research indicate that infertility is the main driving factor for surrogacy as a form of last-resort alternative to have a baby. Surrogacy starts with agreements between the subject and works almost similarly with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), but the embryo is implanted into someone else's womb. The absence of support for surrogacy agreements within the Indonesian health regulations make the existing agreements invalid in the eyes of the law because they violate one of the legal terms of the agreement according to the Civil Code. India and Thailand initially permitted commercial surrogacy. However, the increasing number of abandonment cases from surrogacy led to the two countries into banning commercial surrogacy and later requiring certain conditions for voluntary actions.","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126772981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.47468
Intania Az Zarah
This research aims to determine the consideration of a conspiracy in the Commission decision on Case No. 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 and implementation of legal justice in the Commission’s Decision Case No. 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 in terms of economic and fairness aspects. This research is a normative law research which are prescriptive and applied. The approach used are the statute approach and the case approach. The sources of legal materials consist of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials with literature study. This research used deductive analysis technique. Commission’s in Decision Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 has considered on the case in accordance with Law No. 5 of 1999, however its considerations do not consider whether the consequences of the conspiracy are hindering business competition or not. The commission in deciding the Commission Case Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 tended to only pay attention to the justice aspect while the economic aspect seemed a little neglected, so that the KPPU Decision Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 did not fully fulfill legal justice.Keywords: Tender Conspiracy; Business Competition; Fairness
本研究旨在从经济和公平两个方面确定欧盟委员会第24 / kpu - i / 2016号案件决定中对共谋的考虑,以及欧盟委员会第24 / kpu - i / 2016号案件决定中法律正义的实施。本研究是一项规范性法律研究,具有规范性和应用性。所使用的方法是成文法方法和案例方法。法律资料的来源包括一级法律资料、二级法律资料和三级法律资料,并进行文献研究。本研究采用演绎分析技术。委员会在第24 / kpu - i / 2016号决定中根据1999年第5号法律对此案进行了审议,但其审议并未考虑共谋的后果是否妨碍商业竞争。委员会在决定第24 / KPPU- i / 2016号委员会案件时往往只关注正义方面,而经济方面似乎有些被忽视,因此,KPPU第24 / KPPU- i / 2016号决定没有充分实现法律正义。关键词:投标串谋;商业竞争;公平
{"title":"KAJIAN YURIDIS PRAKTIK PERSEKONGKOLAN DALAM TENDER (Studi Putusan KPPU Perkara Nomor 24/KPPU-I/2016)","authors":"Intania Az Zarah","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.47468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.47468","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the consideration of a conspiracy in the Commission decision on Case No. 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 and implementation of legal justice in the Commission’s Decision Case No. 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 in terms of economic and fairness aspects. This research is a normative law research which are prescriptive and applied. The approach used are the statute approach and the case approach. The sources of legal materials consist of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials with literature study. This research used deductive analysis technique. Commission’s in Decision Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 has considered on the case in accordance with Law No. 5 of 1999, however its considerations do not consider whether the consequences of the conspiracy are hindering business competition or not. The commission in deciding the Commission Case Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 tended to only pay attention to the justice aspect while the economic aspect seemed a little neglected, so that the KPPU Decision Number 24 / KPPU-I / 2016 did not fully fulfill legal justice.Keywords: Tender Conspiracy; Business Competition; Fairness","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"25 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131776640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.46940
Indra Jaya Nata
This article aims to find out about the legal standing of shareholders who do not make a full capital deposit on dividend distribution in a limited liability company. This legal research is a normative legal research and the legal source used consists of primary legal material and secondary legal material, then analyzed by deductive method of silogism based on the mindset of the general to specific things, by connecting between the major premise and the minor premise is further drawn conclusively. The results of this legal research show that the legal standing of shareholders who do not make a full capital deposit causes the loss of shareholders' rights in accordance with Article 52 paragraph (1) of the UUPT including the right to obtain dividend distribution. Such rights will be obtained by shareholders after carrying out their obligations to deposit capital in full.
{"title":"KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PEMEGANG SAHAM YANG TIDAK MELAKUKAN PENYETORAN MODAL SECARA PENUH ATAS PEMBAGIAN DIVIDEN DALAM PERSEROAN TERBATAS","authors":"Indra Jaya Nata","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.46940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.46940","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to find out about the legal standing of shareholders who do not make a full capital deposit on dividend distribution in a limited liability company. This legal research is a normative legal research and the legal source used consists of primary legal material and secondary legal material, then analyzed by deductive method of silogism based on the mindset of the general to specific things, by connecting between the major premise and the minor premise is further drawn conclusively. The results of this legal research show that the legal standing of shareholders who do not make a full capital deposit causes the loss of shareholders' rights in accordance with Article 52 paragraph (1) of the UUPT including the right to obtain dividend distribution. Such rights will be obtained by shareholders after carrying out their obligations to deposit capital in full.","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124599075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.43735
Garin Purna Sanjaya
AbstractThe purposes of this article are to determine the implementation of petrochemical product sale and purchase agreement between PT Pertamina (Persero) with the distributors, and to determine the obstacles and solutions regarding of petrochemical product sale and purchase agreement. This research uses descriptive empirical legal research methods. The results of this research shows the agreement had based on the Pedoman Pemasaran Produk Petrochemical Trading Nomor A-002/F00000/2016-S9 and had been implemented well with parties. The obstacles caused by government policies, the complexity of customs duty, and unstable of international oil prices. The solutions to resolve these obstacles with expanding international agreements in the economic sector, optimalize of Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE) system at custom duty, and selecting distributor then determining competitive prices.Keywords: Petrochemical Sale and Purchase Agreement; Implementation; The Obstacles; Solutions.AbstrakArtikel ini mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli produk petrokimia antara PT Pertamina (Persero) dengan distributor, serta mengetahui hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli produk petrokimia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian telah didasarkan pada Pedoman Pemasaran Produk Petrochemical Trading Nomor A-002/F00000/2016-S9 dan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh para pihak. Hambatan perjanjian disebabkan oleh kebijakan pemerintah, pengurusan izin kepabeanan, dan harga minyak dunia yang tidak stabil, Solusi untuk terhadap hambatan dengan memperluas perjanjian internasional bidang ekonomi, mengoptimalkan penggunaan sistem Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE) dalam pengurusan kepabeanan dan memilih distributor secara selektif serta penentuan harga yang kompetitif.Kata kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli Petrokimia; Pelaksanaan; Hambatan; Solusi.
摘要本文的目的是确定巴西石油公司(Persero)与经销商之间的石化产品买卖协议的执行情况,并确定石化产品买卖协议的障碍和解决办法。本研究采用描述性实证法学研究方法。研究结果表明,该协议基于Pedoman Pemasaran product Petrochemical Trading Nomor A-002/F00000/2016-S9,并在各方之间得到了很好的执行。政府政策造成的障碍,关税的复杂性,国际油价的不稳定。解决这些障碍的办法是扩大经济部门的国际协议,优化Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE)关税系统,选择分销商,然后确定有竞争力的价格。关键词:石化买卖协议;实施;的障碍;解决方案。摘要:artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan perjanjian jujubeli product petrokimia antara PT Pertamina (Persero) dunan分销商,serta mengetahui hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian jujubeli product petrokimia。参考文献[j]; [j]; [j]。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian telah didasarkan pada Pedoman Pemasaran产品石化贸易no . A-002/F00000/2016-S9 dan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh para pihak。马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE) dalam马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)分销商secara selektif (PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)马来西亚数据电子有限公司(PDE)Kata kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli Petrokimia;Pelaksanaan;Hambatan;Solusi。
{"title":"PELAKSANAAN PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI PRODUK PETROKIMIA ANTARA PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) DENGAN DISTRIBUTOR","authors":"Garin Purna Sanjaya","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.43735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.43735","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe purposes of this article are to determine the implementation of petrochemical product sale and purchase agreement between PT Pertamina (Persero) with the distributors, and to determine the obstacles and solutions regarding of petrochemical product sale and purchase agreement. This research uses descriptive empirical legal research methods. The results of this research shows the agreement had based on the Pedoman Pemasaran Produk Petrochemical Trading Nomor A-002/F00000/2016-S9 and had been implemented well with parties. The obstacles caused by government policies, the complexity of customs duty, and unstable of international oil prices. The solutions to resolve these obstacles with expanding international agreements in the economic sector, optimalize of Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE) system at custom duty, and selecting distributor then determining competitive prices.Keywords: Petrochemical Sale and Purchase Agreement; Implementation; The Obstacles; Solutions.AbstrakArtikel ini mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli produk petrokimia antara PT Pertamina (Persero) dengan distributor, serta mengetahui hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli produk petrokimia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian telah didasarkan pada Pedoman Pemasaran Produk Petrochemical Trading Nomor A-002/F00000/2016-S9 dan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh para pihak. Hambatan perjanjian disebabkan oleh kebijakan pemerintah, pengurusan izin kepabeanan, dan harga minyak dunia yang tidak stabil, Solusi untuk terhadap hambatan dengan memperluas perjanjian internasional bidang ekonomi, mengoptimalkan penggunaan sistem Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE) dalam pengurusan kepabeanan dan memilih distributor secara selektif serta penentuan harga yang kompetitif.Kata kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli Petrokimia; Pelaksanaan; Hambatan; Solusi.","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.20961/privat.v11i1.45429
Deyana Firdhausya Nurazmimar
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis bentuk implementasi perlindungan hukum dalam pemberian pelayanan sosial berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kesejahteraan Lansia di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Lanjut Usia Budhi Dharma Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah empiris atau nondoctrinal research yang bersifat deskriptif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berasal dari buku-buku, atau literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan data primer berasal dari wawancara serta observasi di lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian hukum ini menunjukan bahwa BRSLU Budhi Dharma Bekasi memberikan berbagai macam pelayanan sosial terhadap lansia terlantar secara optimal sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Kesejahteraan Lansia dalam mengupayakan peningkatan kesejahteraan lansia.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANSIA TERLANTAR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESEJAHTERAAN LANSIA DI BALAI REHABILITASI SOSIAL LANSIA BUDHI DHARMA BEKASI","authors":"Deyana Firdhausya Nurazmimar","doi":"10.20961/privat.v11i1.45429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v11i1.45429","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis bentuk implementasi perlindungan hukum dalam pemberian pelayanan sosial berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kesejahteraan Lansia di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Lanjut Usia Budhi Dharma Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah empiris atau nondoctrinal research yang bersifat deskriptif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berasal dari buku-buku, atau literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan data primer berasal dari wawancara serta observasi di lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian hukum ini menunjukan bahwa BRSLU Budhi Dharma Bekasi memberikan berbagai macam pelayanan sosial terhadap lansia terlantar secara optimal sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Kesejahteraan Lansia dalam mengupayakan peningkatan kesejahteraan lansia.","PeriodicalId":422839,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Privat Law","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133637548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}