Science of the Total Environment最新文献_第8页

Editor's note to “Source identification and component characterization of dissolved organic matter in an acid mine drainage reservoir” [Sci. Total Environ. 739 (2020), 139732] 编者注：“酸性矿井水储层中溶解有机质的来源识别和组分表征”[Sci. 11]。环境科学学报，2016,33(2):387 - 391。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181571

Jin Wang , Siyu Zhang , Chen He , Xin Pan , Yunyun Li , Rui Shao , Quan Shi , Zhengbo Yue

引用次数: 0

Life cycle hotspots in chocolate production: Ingredient formulation, processing technologies, and pathways toward sustainable confectionery systems 巧克力生产中的生命周期热点：配料配方、加工技术和通往可持续糖果系统的途径

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181500

Nevzat Konar , Muhammed Fidan , Ilyas Atalar , Ibrahim Palabiyik , Tuba Sanli , Serdar Marasli , Ahmet Gorgulu , Osman Sagdic , Omer Said Toker

Chocolate manufacturing is both resource- and energy-intensive, posing significant sustainability challenges across global food value chains. This study conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of four major chocolate types—dark, milk, white, and compound—and two processing technologies, conventional conching and ball milling, to identify key environmental hotspots and improvement opportunities. Unlike previous studies that typically focus on single product types or generic supply chains, this work integrates multiple formulations and alternative processing routes within a unified, factory-level LCA framework. Following ISO 14040/44 standards, the analysis adopted a cradle-to-retailer boundary and employed the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method with Monte Carlo–based uncertainty assessment. Results indicate that ingredient formulation dominates the life cycle impacts, with raw materials accounting for over 60% of total environmental burdens. White chocolate exhibited the highest global warming potential (4.06 kg CO₂-eq/kg), driven by high milk powder and cocoa butter use, whereas dark chocolate showed the lowest (2.32 kg CO₂-eq/kg). Compound chocolate benefited from reduced cocoa content but incurred elevated impacts from palm oil and milk powder in water- and toxicity-related categories. Processing choice contributed marginally (<1%) to total GWP; however, ball milling increased electricity consumption and fat requirements, slightly worsening particulate matter and resource depletion indicators. Sensitivity analysis revealed that replacing fossil-based electricity with renewables could cut GWP by approximately 9%. These findings highlight ingredient composition and energy sourcing as the most effective levers for advancing low-impact chocolate production, outperforming incremental process optimization in sustainability gains.

巧克力生产是资源和能源密集型产业，对全球食品价值链的可持续性构成重大挑战。本研究对黑巧克力、牛奶巧克力、白巧克力和复合巧克力四种主要巧克力类型，以及常规搅拌和球磨两种加工技术进行了生命周期对比评估（LCA），以确定关键的环境热点和改进机会。与以往的研究不同，这些研究通常集中在单一产品类型或通用供应链上，这项工作在统一的工厂级LCA框架内集成了多种配方和替代加工路线。根据ISO 14040/44标准，分析采用了摇篮到零售商的边界，并采用了基于蒙特卡洛的不确定性评估的ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H)方法。结果表明，原料配方在生命周期影响中占主导地位，占总环境负担的60%以上。白巧克力表现出最高的全球变暖潜能值（4.06 kg CO₂-eq/kg），这是由于大量使用奶粉和可可脂造成的，而黑巧克力表现出最低的潜能值（2.32 kg CO₂-eq/kg）。复合巧克力受益于可可含量的降低，但在水和毒性相关类别中，棕榈油和奶粉的影响增加了。加工选择对总GWP的贡献很小（1%）；然而，球磨增加了电力消耗和脂肪需求，略微恶化了颗粒物和资源消耗指标。敏感性分析显示，用可再生能源取代化石能源发电可以减少约9%的全球变暖潜能值。这些发现强调了原料组成和能源采购是推进低影响巧克力生产的最有效杠杆，在可持续性收益方面优于增量过程优化。

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引用次数: 0

Is the prediction of fluoroquinolones adsorption in soils still valid in presence of metal trace elements? - Towards a robust predictive approach 氟喹诺酮类药物在存在金属微量元素的土壤中的吸附预测是否仍然有效？-迈向稳健的预测方法。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181509

Ghinwa Mortada , Emmanuel Guillon , Amor Keziou , Stéphanie Sayen

Given the simultaneous presence in the environment of fluoroquinolones and metal trace elements and their ability to form new species by complexation, it is crucial to accurately predict their retention and mobility in soils under realistic context of multi-contamination. This study compares the adsorption on ten soil samples of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, in the absence and presence of nickel, copper, and zinc. The objective is to assess if the models established in their absence remain valid or require further modification taking into account their interaction by complexation. It was shown that prediction models neglecting metal complexation underestimate the soil retention of fluoroquinolones and thus overestimate their mobility, leading to inaccurate risk assessments. This effect is particularly pronounced in alkaline soils, with fluoroquinolone adsorption increasing in the order Zn < Ni < Cu. A significantly improved agreement between modeled and experimental adsorption data was achieved by incorporating the speciation of fluoroquinolones, including their complexation with metals, as inputs to the model. This study highlights the need to consider metal-antibiotic interactions in predictive models to enhance the reliability of environmental risk assessments for fluoroquinolone antibiotics, with implications for soil quality assessment, water treatment processes, and regulatory decision-making.

考虑到氟喹诺酮类药物和金属微量元素同时存在于环境中，并且它们能够通过络合作用形成新的物种，准确预测它们在多重污染的现实环境下在土壤中的保留和迁移是至关重要的。本研究比较了环丙沙星和恩诺沙星在不含镍、铜和锌的情况下在10个土壤样品上的吸附。目的是评估在没有它们的情况下建立的模型是否仍然有效，或者考虑到它们通过络合的相互作用，是否需要进一步修改。结果表明，忽略金属络合作用的预测模型低估了氟喹诺酮类药物在土壤中的保留作用，从而高估了它们的流动性，导致风险评估不准确。这种效应在碱性土壤中尤为明显，氟喹诺酮类药物的吸附量按Zn的顺序递增

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引用次数: 0

The presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sanitary pads: A study done in South Africa 卫生巾中内分泌干扰化学物质的存在：一项在南非完成的研究。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181510

Janine Blignaut , Gabre Kemp , Elizabeth Erasmus , Hendrik G. Visser , Marietjie Schutte-Smith

Background

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates, bisphenols, and parabens are widely used in consumer products and have been associated with reproductive toxicity, hormonal imbalance, and cancer. Menstrual products represent a potential but under-recognized source of exposure. In South Africa, several brands advertise as being free from harmful chemicals, yet limited research has verified these as potential EDC sources.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and profiles of phthalates, parabens, and bisphenols in sanitary pads and panty liners sold in South Africa. To estimate dermal exposure to these EDCs through menstrual product use and determine the significance of sanitary pads as a potential source of EDC exposure.

Methods

A total of 20 EDCs, including nine phthalates, five parabens, and six bisphenols, were analysed in 16 commercially available sanitary pads and seven panty liners in South Africa. The selected compounds were detected and quantified using chromatographic analysis and estimated daily exposure doses were subsequently calculated to evaluate potential health risks.

Results

EDCs were detected and quantified in all tested samples, with each pad and liner containing at least two of the target EDCs. The detection frequencies (DFs) of phthalates, bisphenols, and parabens in liners were 100%, 75%, and 75%, respectively, and 50%, 100%, and 85% in pads. Phthalates were more prevalent in liners, compared to bisphenols in pads.

Conclusion

This study revealed the presence of EDCs in sanitary pads and liners in South Africa, identifying menstrual products as a significant but overlooked source of toxic exposure. Although daily doses may seem low, the long-term, repeated contact with sensitive tissues poses cumulative health risks, including reproductive toxicity and cancer.

Significance

This study provides the first comprehensive data on EDC contamination in sanitary pads and panty liners sold in South Africa, addressing a gap in regional exposure research.

背景：邻苯二甲酸酯、双酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯等内分泌干扰化学物质广泛应用于消费品中，与生殖毒性、激素失衡和癌症有关。月经用品是一种潜在的但未得到充分认识的暴露源。在南非，一些品牌宣称不含有害化学物质，但有限的研究已经证实这些是潜在的EDC来源。目的：本研究旨在评估在南非销售的卫生巾和内裤衬垫中邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚类物质的含量和分布。评估通过使用经期产品皮肤暴露于这些EDC的情况，并确定卫生巾作为EDC潜在暴露源的重要性。方法：对南非16种市售卫生巾和7种内裤衬垫中的20种EDCs进行分析，包括9种邻苯二甲酸酯、5种对羟基苯甲酸酯和6种双酚类。使用色谱分析对选定的化合物进行检测和量化，随后计算估计的每日暴露剂量，以评估潜在的健康风险。结果：在所有检测样品中检测到EDCs并进行定量，每个衬垫和衬垫至少含有两种目标EDCs。衬垫中邻苯二甲酸酯、双酚类和对羟基苯甲酸酯的检测频率分别为100%、75%和75%，卫生巾中检测频率分别为50%、100%和85%。与衬垫中的双酚相比，衬垫中的邻苯二甲酸盐更为普遍。结论：这项研究揭示了南非卫生巾和衬垫中EDCs的存在，确定月经产品是一个重要但被忽视的有毒暴露源。虽然每日剂量似乎很低，但长期反复接触敏感组织会造成累积的健康风险，包括生殖毒性和癌症。意义：本研究首次提供了在南非销售的卫生巾和内裤衬垫中EDC污染的综合数据，解决了区域暴露研究的空白。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning reveals molecular substructure drivers of organic contaminant translocation in crops 机器学习揭示了作物有机污染物转运的分子亚结构驱动因素。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181514

Haodong Lang , Yang Cui , Wen Liu , Shanshan Tang , Wei Gao , Chengyu Zhai , Jing Lu , Yawei Wang

Understanding the translocation of organic contaminants in crops is vital for food safety and human health. This study developed machine learning (ML) models to predict root-to-stem translocation factors (TF) and identify molecular substructures influencing contaminant mobility. A dataset of 225 measurements covering 120 pesticides, 50 pharmaceuticals, and 55 PFAS across multiple crop species was used to train gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) and fully connected neural network (FCNN) models. Using extended connectivity fingerprints (ECFP) instead of molecular weight and logK_ow improved predictive accuracy (R² = 0.68–0.70 vs. 0.43–0.67), demonstrating the advantage of structure-based descriptors, and the superior R² of ECFP highlighted its ability to capture complex structure–transport relationships. Mean absolute errors (MAE) were comparable (0.44–0.45 vs. 0.43–0.46), indicating partial redundancy between descriptors and fingerprints. Permutation feature importance (PFI) analysis identified key substructures affecting TF, including pyrazole rings, tetrasubstituted carbon, quaternary ammonium cations, and carbonyl and ether groups, reflecting the joint effects of hydrophobicity and structural complexity on molecular mobility. Model applicability to mature crops was evaluated using Mahalanobis distance, confirming reliable extrapolation across growth stages. External validation with independent datasets verified consistent predictive accuracy across diverse species and contaminants. The results bridge molecular structure with environmental fate and provide a quantitative framework for assessing contaminant transport in crops. The developed models support the design of low-mobility agrochemicals, identification of high-risk pollutants, and improved food safety management.

了解有机污染物在作物中的迁移对食品安全和人类健康至关重要。本研究开发了机器学习（ML）模型来预测根到茎的易位因子（TF），并识别影响污染物迁移的分子亚结构。使用225个测量数据集，涵盖120种农药、50种药物和55种PFAS，涵盖多种作物品种，用于训练梯度增强回归树（GBRT）和全连接神经网络（FCNN）模型。使用扩展连接指纹（ECFP）代替分子量和logKow提高了预测精度（R2 = 0.68-0.70 vs. 0.43-0.67），证明了基于结构的描述符的优势，ECFP优越的R2突出了其捕获复杂结构-运输关系的能力。平均绝对误差（MAE）具有可比性（0.44-0.45 vs. 0.43-0.46），表明描述符和指纹之间存在部分冗余。排列特征重要性（PFI）分析确定了影响TF的关键亚结构，包括吡唑环、四取代碳、季铵盐阳离子、羰基和醚基，反映了疏水性和结构复杂性对分子迁移率的共同影响。利用马氏距离评估了模型对成熟作物的适用性，确认了跨生长阶段的可靠外推。独立数据集的外部验证验证了不同物种和污染物的一致预测准确性。研究结果将分子结构与环境命运联系起来，为评估污染物在作物中的迁移提供了定量框架。开发的模型支持低流动性农用化学品的设计、高风险污染物的识别和改进食品安全管理。

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引用次数: 0

From habitat heterogeneity to flood refugia: linking flow intensity and morphology to inform river management 从生境异质性到洪水避难所：连接水流强度和形态为河流管理提供信息。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181484

Chantal Mariette Hischier , Nico Bätz , Cristina Rachelly , Paul Demuth , Volker Weitbrecht , David Florian Vetsch , Christian Dinkel , Christine Weber

Floods bring pulse and rupture to river ecosystems. In near-natural rivers with high habitat heterogeneity, some habitats buffer harsh conditions during floods and serve as refugia for aquatic organisms, sustaining river resilience. Despite their crucial ecological role, refugia have been poorly studied and barely considered in the restoration of modified rivers with severely reduced habitat heterogeneity. This highly replicated study assessed how flow intensity influences habitat heterogeneity and refugia availability for macrophytes and macroinvertebrates in river reaches with varying levels of human modification. Hydraulic field data was combined with hydrodynamic modelling across three reach morphologies (heavily modified, slightly modified, restored) in ten Swiss rivers. For the 30 reaches investigated, habitat heterogeneity in flow velocity and bed shear stress as well as refugia availability were simulated at mean flow (Q_M) and six flood intensities (HQ₁-HQ₁₀₀). Habitat heterogeneity in flow velocity and bed shear stress was significantly higher in restored compared to heavily modified reaches across all flow intensities (+17% and +34%, respectively). Across the three reach morphologies, increasing flow intensity significantly reduced habitat heterogeneity in flow velocity (−45%) and in bed shear stress (−43%) averaged from Q_M to HQ₁₀₀. Refugia availability for macrophytes declined by 29 percentage points and for macroinvertebrates by 17 percentage points from HQ₁ to HQ₁₀₀. Even at high flood intensities (5-year floods and beyond), refugia were available in restored and slightly modified reaches, e.g., along riverbanks. Refugia availability was positively correlated with habitat heterogeneity. This study highlights the potential of river restoration to foster the resilience of modified river ecosystems by promoting refugia availability through increased habitat heterogeneity. The results suggest that floods of varying intensities should be explicitly considered in restoration planning based on the expectation that disturbances such as floods are likely to increase in the face of climate change.

洪水给河流生态系统带来脉动和破裂。在具有高度生境异质性的近自然河流中，一些生境在洪水期间缓冲了恶劣条件，并作为水生生物的避难所，维持了河流的恢复力。尽管它们具有重要的生态作用，但在生境异质性严重降低的河流修复中，对避难所的研究很少，很少考虑。这项高度重复的研究评估了水流强度如何影响不同程度人类改造的河流中大型植物和大型无脊椎动物的栖息地异质性和避难所的可用性。在瑞士的十条河流中，将水力现场数据与三种河段形态（重度修改、轻度修改、恢复）的水动力模型相结合。在平均流量（QM）和6个洪水强度（HQ1-HQ100）条件下，模拟了30个河段的流速、河床剪应力和避难所有效性的生境异质性。在所有流量强度下，恢复河段的流速和河床剪切应力的生境异质性均显著高于重度改造河段（分别为+17%和+34%）。在三种河段形态中，水流强度的增加显著降低了QM至HQ100的平均流速（-45%）和床层剪应力（-43%）的生境异质性。从HQ1到HQ100，大型植物和大型无脊椎动物的避难所数量分别下降了29个百分点和17个百分点。即使在高洪水强度（5年或更长时间的洪水），在修复和稍微修改的河段，例如沿河岸，也可以找到避难所。避难地可利用性与生境异质性正相关。本研究强调了河流恢复的潜力，通过增加栖息地的异质性来促进避难所的可用性，从而提高河流生态系统的恢复能力。结果表明，在气候变化的影响下，洪水等干扰可能会增加，因此在恢复规划中应明确考虑不同强度的洪水。

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural intensification and pesticide pollution on water: cross-scale insights from a subtropical watershed 农业集约化与农药污染对水体的影响：来自亚热带流域的跨尺度观察。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181487

Juan Manuel Gutiérrez , Andrés Pérez-Parada , César Rodríguez-Bolaña , Natalia Barboza , Margenny Barrios , María Verónica Cesio , Ismael Díaz , Camila Fernández , Eugenia Fontes , Mercedes Gelós , Florencia Hastings , Emilia Heber , Horacio Heinzen , Alejandra Kroger , Alejandro Mangarelli , Silvina Niell , Martín Pacheco , Fiamma Pequeño , Dalma Soñez , Rodrigo Souza , Franco Teixeira de Mello

Agricultural intensification has increased pesticide use worldwide, raising concerns about their effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study assessed pesticide contamination on water quality in the San Salvador River watershed (Uruguay), a region mainly reliant on rainfed agriculture. A total of 52 surface water samples were collected from 13 sites across four seasons (2022−2023) and analyzed for 138 compounds using complementary analytical techniques. Thirty-eight pesticides (14 herbicides, 13 insecticides, and 11 fungicides) were detected, with all samples containing at least 9 of the evaluated contaminants and up to 24. Herbicides, especially glyphosate, its metabolite AMPA, metolachlor, and atrazine degradation products, were most frequently found and reached the highest concentrations and loads. Seasonal variations were observed with higher pesticide diversity in autumn and greater loads during high-flow periods. Land use analysis, based on remote sensing and evaluated across multiple spatial scales, showed that agriculture covered up to 40% of the watershed area, followed by pastures and afforestation. Statistical models revealed that pesticide concentrations and loads were positively related to agricultural land and forest plantations, and negatively related to natural forests and seeded pastures, with stronger relationships at scales beyond 200 m from the watercourse. These results demonstrate the widespread and ongoing presence of pesticides in surface waters of one of Uruguay's most farm-intensive regions, emphasizing the influence of land use at multiple spatial scales and providing essential information for pesticide management and water quality protection in South American agricultural landscapes.

农业集约化增加了世界范围内农药的使用，引起了人们对其对水生生态系统影响的担忧。这项研究评估了农药污染对圣萨尔瓦多河流域（乌拉圭）水质的影响，该地区主要依靠雨养农业。在4个季节（2022-2023）从13个地点采集了52份地表水样本，并使用互补分析技术分析了138种化合物。检测到38种农药（14种除草剂，13种杀虫剂和11种杀菌剂），所有样品中至少含有9种评估污染物，最多含有24种。除草剂，特别是草甘膦及其代谢物AMPA、异丙草胺和阿特拉津降解产物，最常被发现，并且达到最高浓度和负荷。季节变化表现为秋季农药多样性较高，高流量期农药负荷较大。基于遥感和多空间尺度评估的土地利用分析表明，农业覆盖了流域面积的40%，其次是牧场和造林。统计模型显示，农药浓度和负荷量与农田和人工林呈正相关，与天然林和种子牧场呈负相关，且在距离河道200 m以上的尺度上相关性更强。这些结果表明，在乌拉圭农业集约化程度最高的地区之一的地表水中，农药广泛存在，而且持续存在，强调了土地利用在多个空间尺度上的影响，并为南美洲农业景观中的农药管理和水质保护提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2 are mediated by phosphorus uptake” [Science of the Total Environment, 863 (2023), 160775] “植物生物量对CO2浓度升高的响应是由磷吸收介导的”[j].环境科学，863(2023),160775。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181559

Ximei Han , Guiyao Zhou , Qin Luo , Olga Ferlian , Lingyan Zhou , Yanghui He , Ruiqiang Liu , Zhenggang Du , Jilan Long , Xuhui Zhou , Nico Eisenhauer

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The distribution profiles of tetracycline resistance genes in rice: Comparisons using four genotypes” [Sci. Total Environ., 908 (2024), 168359] 《水稻四环素抗性基因的分布概况：四种基因型的比较》的勘误表[Sci]。总环境。[j].生物医学工程学报，1998,8(2024),168359。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181558

Yijun Kang , Sumeng Zhao , Wenjie Xu , Ruiqiang You , Jian Hu

引用次数: 0

Discussion: ‘Exploratory modelling of the impacts of sea-level rise on the Sundarbans mangrove forest, West Bengal, India’ by Samanta et al. (2023) Response to comment by Das and Bandyopadhyay (2025) Science of the Total Environment 972, 178937 讨论：“海平面上升对印度西孟加拉邦孙德尔本斯红树林影响的探索性建模”，由Samanta等人撰写（2023）。对Das和Bandyopadhyay（2025）《总环境科学》（Science of the Total Environment） 972, 178937的评论的回应

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181493

Sourav Samanta , Sugata Hazra , Jon R. French , Robert J. Nicholls , Partho P. Mondal

Das and Bandyopadhyay (2025) presented a critical discussion of the datasets and assumptions used by Samanta et al. (2023, Science of the Total Environment, 903, 166624) in exploratory modelling of potential impacts of sea-level rise and high-level management policy on the Indian portion of the Sundarbans mangrove forest. In this short response, we first address, and where necessary clarify, the main technical and methodological points and matters of detail raised by Das and Bandyopadhyay. We then clarify what we believe to be some key take-away messages from our exploratory modelling study. Although direct human destruction of the mangroves in India (and also in Bangladesh) has been stopped, the threat of erosion and relative sea-level rise to the Sundarbans remains. Much more comprehensive data collection combined with a significant model development effort is required to understand and quantify these threats and develop appropriate evidence-based policy.

Das和Bandyopadhyay（2025）对Samanta等人（2023，《全面环境科学》，903,166624）在探索海平面上升和高层管理政策对孙德尔本斯红树林印度部分的潜在影响的模型中使用的数据集和假设进行了批判性讨论。在这个简短的回应中，我们首先讨论并在必要时澄清Das和Bandyopadhyay提出的主要技术和方法要点和细节问题。然后，我们澄清了我们认为从探索性建模研究中获得的一些关键信息。虽然人类对印度（以及孟加拉国）红树林的直接破坏已经停止，但对孙德尔本斯的侵蚀和相对海平面上升的威胁仍然存在。需要更全面的数据收集与重要的模型开发工作相结合，以了解和量化这些威胁，并制定适当的循证政策。

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引用次数: 0