Science of the Total Environment最新文献_第8页

Shaping soil fungal communities: How swine waste treatment systems and geography drive fungal community shifts 塑造土壤真菌群落：猪废物处理系统和地理如何驱动真菌群落的变化

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181376

Camila Diehl , Gabriela Merker Breyer , Mariana Costa Torres , Camila Rosana Wuaden , Raquel Rebelatto , Janaina Pastore , Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso , Marcio Dorn , Jalusa Deon Kich , Franciele Maboni Siqueira

The use of swine waste as an organic fertilizer is an important practice in sustainable agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two common swine waste treatment systems, Covered Lagoon Biodigesters (CLB) and Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP), on fungal community structure in soil. Soil and waste samples were collected from swine farms across five Brazilian states, representing different geographical regions with distinct climate, soil types, and vegetation. A metagenomic approach was employed to analyze the fungal communities present in the samples. Our results revealed that fertilization with swine waste did not significantly affect the overall diversity of fungal communities, although distinct shifts in community composition were observed between fertilized and non-fertilized soils. Notably, reads assigned to Sugiyamaella lignohabitans were detected only in samples from waste stabilization ponds, suggesting that this environment may favor fungal taxa associated with lignocellulose degradation. Furthermore, the fungal genera Fusarium and Rhizophagus exhibited contrasting responses to fertilization, with Fusarium being more abundant in fertilized soils and Rhizophagus decreasing in abundance. Geographic variation in fungal community composition was also observed, correlating with the physicochemical properties of the soil. These findings indicate that, in our dataset, the waste treatment systems had little influence on the fungal diversity of waste samples, whereas soil fertilization with swine waste was associated with marked shifts in fungal community composition, particularly in terms of taxonomic structure.

利用猪粪作为有机肥料是可持续农业的一项重要实践。本研究旨在评价两种常见的猪粪处理系统——覆盖泻湖生物消化池（CLB）和猪粪稳定池（WSP）对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。土壤和废物样本来自巴西五个州的养猪场，代表不同的地理区域，具有不同的气候、土壤类型和植被。采用宏基因组方法分析样品中存在的真菌群落。结果表明，猪粪施肥对真菌群落的总体多样性没有显著影响，但在施肥和未施肥的土壤中，真菌群落的组成发生了明显的变化。值得注意的是，仅在来自废物稳定池的样品中检测到杉木氏菌的reads，这表明这种环境可能有利于与木质纤维素降解相关的真菌分类群。此外，镰刀菌属和食根菌属对施肥的响应也存在差异，在施肥土壤中镰刀菌属的丰度较高，而食根菌属的丰度较低。真菌群落组成的地理差异也与土壤的理化性质有关。这些发现表明，在我们的数据集中，废物处理系统对废物样品的真菌多样性影响很小，而猪粪土壤施肥与真菌群落组成的显著变化有关，特别是在分类结构方面。

{"title":"Shaping soil fungal communities: How swine waste treatment systems and geography drive fungal community shifts","authors":"Camila Diehl , Gabriela Merker Breyer , Mariana Costa Torres , Camila Rosana Wuaden , Raquel Rebelatto , Janaina Pastore , Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso , Marcio Dorn , Jalusa Deon Kich , Franciele Maboni Siqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of swine waste as an organic fertilizer is an important practice in sustainable agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two common swine waste treatment systems, <u>C</u>overed <u>L</u>agoon <u>B</u>iodigesters (CLB) and <u>W</u>aste <u>S</u>tabilization <u>P</u>onds (WSP), on fungal community structure in soil. Soil and waste samples were collected from swine farms across five Brazilian states, representing different geographical regions with distinct climate, soil types, and vegetation. A metagenomic approach was employed to analyze the fungal communities present in the samples. Our results revealed that fertilization with swine waste did not significantly affect the overall diversity of fungal communities, although distinct shifts in community composition were observed between fertilized and non-fertilized soils. Notably, reads assigned to <em>Sugiyamaella lignohabitans</em> were detected only in samples from waste stabilization ponds, suggesting that this environment may favor fungal taxa associated with lignocellulose degradation. Furthermore, the fungal genera <em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Rhizophagus</em> exhibited contrasting responses to fertilization, with <em>Fusarium</em> being more abundant in fertilized soils and <em>Rhizophagus</em> decreasing in abundance. Geographic variation in fungal community composition was also observed, correlating with the physicochemical properties of the soil. These findings indicate that, in our dataset, the waste treatment systems had little influence on the fungal diversity of waste samples, whereas soil fertilization with swine waste was associated with marked shifts in fungal community composition, particularly in terms of taxonomic structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181376"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collecting grassland volatile organic compounds in open air through passive and active sampling strategies 通过被动和主动采样策略采集露天草地挥发性有机物

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181400

Carlos Andrés Rincón , Madeline Koczura , Gilles Figueredo , Julien Pottier , Donato Andueza , Agnès Cornu

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) act as mediators in plant communication, pollination, and plant defense against herbivory. The set of VOCs in an environment constitutes the volatilome, and it may contain valuable information for understanding ecosystem functioning. Here we set out to obtain a representative inventory of VOCs such as those that a bee might encounter while foraging in grazed permanent grasslands. We chose the passive diffusion trapping (PDT) method, because this method, designed for this type of measurement in large air volumes, is the easiest to implement. We thus exposed Tenax TA sorbent tubes to air over the daytime on nine different plots at five periods during the vegetation cycle. GC–MS analysis after thermal desorption detected more than 100 VOCs encompassing a broad diversity of chemical families, with oxygenated compounds (alcohols, ethers, carbonyls, esters) and alkanes dominating in terms of number of compounds as well as total relative area, benzenoids and terpenes being also abundant.

For subsets of observations, we checked if solid-phase microextraction using polydimethylsiloxane-carboxen-divinylbenzene fiber coatings, or active-mode trapping (AcT) using a pump that enabled a highly controlled volumes of air to cross the Tenax tubes should be preferred to PDT. Compared to the two passive sampling methods for the same observations, the AcT method, which collected the greatest diversity of compounds and the highest number of known semiochemicals, seemed best suited to monitoring the grassland chemical landscape.

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在植物通讯、传粉和植物防御草食中起着中介作用。环境中挥发性有机化合物的集合构成了挥发物，它可能包含对了解生态系统功能有价值的信息。在这里，我们着手获得VOCs的代表性清单，例如蜜蜂在放牧的永久草原上觅食时可能遇到的VOCs清单。我们选择了被动扩散捕获（PDT）方法，因为这种方法是为这种大空气量的测量而设计的，是最容易实现的。因此，我们将Tenax TA吸附剂管暴露在白天的空气中，在9个不同的地块上，在植被周期的5个时期。热解吸后的GC-MS分析检测到100多种VOCs，涵盖了广泛的化学家族，含氧化合物（醇、醚、羰基、酯）和烷烃在化合物数量和总相对面积方面占主导地位，苯类和萜烯也很丰富。对于观察的子集，我们检查了是否使用聚二甲基硅氧烷-碳-二乙烯基苯纤维涂层进行固相微萃取，或者使用泵进行主动模式捕获（AcT），使高度控制的空气体积通过Tenax管，应该优先于PDT。与两种被动采样方法相比，AcT方法收集的化合物多样性最大，已知的化学物质数量最多，似乎最适合监测草地化学景观。

{"title":"Collecting grassland volatile organic compounds in open air through passive and active sampling strategies","authors":"Carlos Andrés Rincón , Madeline Koczura , Gilles Figueredo , Julien Pottier , Donato Andueza , Agnès Cornu","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) act as mediators in plant communication, pollination, and plant defense against herbivory. The set of VOCs in an environment constitutes the volatilome, and it may contain valuable information for understanding ecosystem functioning. Here we set out to obtain a representative inventory of VOCs such as those that a bee might encounter while foraging in grazed permanent grasslands. We chose the passive diffusion trapping (PDT) method, because this method, designed for this type of measurement in large air volumes, is the easiest to implement. We thus exposed Tenax TA sorbent tubes to air over the daytime on nine different plots at five periods during the vegetation cycle. GC–MS analysis after thermal desorption detected more than 100 VOCs encompassing a broad diversity of chemical families, with oxygenated compounds (alcohols, ethers, carbonyls, esters) and alkanes dominating in terms of number of compounds as well as total relative area, benzenoids and terpenes being also abundant.</div><div>For subsets of observations, we checked if solid-phase microextraction using polydimethylsiloxane-carboxen-divinylbenzene fiber coatings, or active-mode trapping (AcT) using a pump that enabled a highly controlled volumes of air to cross the Tenax tubes should be preferred to PDT. Compared to the two passive sampling methods for the same observations, the AcT method, which collected the greatest diversity of compounds and the highest number of known semiochemicals, seemed best suited to monitoring the grassland chemical landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181400"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National-scale open cattle feedlot detection using deep learning and high-resolution aerial images: Spatial distribution and animal welfare analysis 使用深度学习和高分辨率航空图像的全国范围开放养牛场检测：空间分布和动物福利分析

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181451

Uilson R.V. Aires , Vitor S. Martins , Dakota J. Hester , Thainara M.A. Lima , Lucas B. Ferreira

Open cattle feedlots are major animal feeding operations in the United States, characterized by outdoor confinement, high stocking densities, and regulated feeding practices. However, a comprehensive national database of these facilities remains limited. This study presents a framework to detect open feedlots across the Contiguous U.S. (CONUS) using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection model and aerial images from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). We visually identified and labeled a total of 11,746 feedlots across highly productive counties in Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas. To reduce false detections, we also included 13,000 background patches (image subsets without feedlots). Together, this dataset was used to train, validate, and test YOLOv11 object detection model variants. All NAIP county-level images (43 TB of GeoTIFF, resampled to 1 m resolution) were acquired over the CONUS in 2019–2022, and processed into thousands of 640 × 640-pixel image patches for nationwide inference. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and Intersection Over Union (IoU). YOLOv11m achieved the best performance, with a precision of 0.88, recall of 0.85, and F1-score of 0.86, detecting more than 24,000 facilities. Feedlots were identified in most U.S. states, with particularly high concentrations in the Midwest, especially Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa. Texas, on the other hand, was characterized by having the largest facilities, often consisting of multiple lots. Environmental stressors associated with feedlot locations were also assessed. Feedlots across the South, parts of the Midwest, and the West experienced extreme summer heat, increasing the risk of heat stress and related animal welfare concerns. At the same time, favorable conditions for stable fly development peaked in June, which could potentially affect more than 10,000 Midwest feedlots. Automated detection of feedlot facilities provides valuable insights into U.S. beef production, enabling strategies to improve animal welfare and mitigate environmental impacts.

露天养牛场是美国主要的动物饲养活动，其特点是室外限制、高放养密度和规范的饲养做法。但是，关于这些设施的全面国家数据库仍然有限。本研究提出了一个框架，使用You Only Look Once （YOLO）目标检测模型和来自国家农业图像计划（NAIP）的航空图像来检测美国连续地区（CONUS）的开放饲养场。我们从视觉上识别并标记了内布拉斯加州、堪萨斯州和德克萨斯州高产县的11,746个饲养场。为了减少误检，我们还包括了13,000个背景补丁（不含馈区的图像子集）。该数据集用于训练、验证和测试YOLOv11目标检测模型变体。2019-2022年在CONUS上获取所有NAIP县级图像（43 TB GeoTIFF，重采样至1 m分辨率），并将其处理成数千个640 × 640像素的图像块，用于全国范围内的推理。使用精度、召回率、f1评分和Union交集（IoU）来评估模型的性能。YOLOv11m的表现最好，准确率为0.88，召回率为0.85，f1得分为0.86，检测到24000多个设施。在美国大多数州都发现了饲养场，特别是中西部地区，特别是内布拉斯加州，南达科他州和爱荷华州。另一方面，德克萨斯州的特点是拥有最大的设施，通常由多个地块组成。与饲养场位置相关的环境压力因素也进行了评估。南部、中西部部分地区和西部的饲养场经历了极端的夏季高温，增加了热应激的风险和相关的动物福利问题。与此同时，稳定苍蝇发展的有利条件在6月达到顶峰，这可能会影响到中西部1万多个饲养场。饲养场设施的自动化检测为美国牛肉生产提供了有价值的见解，有助于制定改善动物福利和减轻环境影响的战略。

{"title":"National-scale open cattle feedlot detection using deep learning and high-resolution aerial images: Spatial distribution and animal welfare analysis","authors":"Uilson R.V. Aires , Vitor S. Martins , Dakota J. Hester , Thainara M.A. Lima , Lucas B. Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open cattle feedlots are major animal feeding operations in the United States, characterized by outdoor confinement, high stocking densities, and regulated feeding practices. However, a comprehensive national database of these facilities remains limited. This study presents a framework to detect open feedlots across the Contiguous U.S. (CONUS) using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection model and aerial images from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). We visually identified and labeled a total of 11,746 feedlots across highly productive counties in Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas. To reduce false detections, we also included 13,000 background patches (image subsets without feedlots). Together, this dataset was used to train, validate, and test YOLOv11 object detection model variants. All NAIP county-level images (43 TB of GeoTIFF, resampled to 1 m resolution) were acquired over the CONUS in 2019–2022, and processed into thousands of 640 × 640-pixel image patches for nationwide inference. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and Intersection Over Union (IoU). YOLOv11m achieved the best performance, with a precision of 0.88, recall of 0.85, and F1-score of 0.86, detecting more than 24,000 facilities. Feedlots were identified in most U.S. states, with particularly high concentrations in the Midwest, especially Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa. Texas, on the other hand, was characterized by having the largest facilities, often consisting of multiple lots. Environmental stressors associated with feedlot locations were also assessed. Feedlots across the South, parts of the Midwest, and the West experienced extreme summer heat, increasing the risk of heat stress and related animal welfare concerns. At the same time, favorable conditions for stable fly development peaked in June, which could potentially affect more than 10,000 Midwest feedlots. Automated detection of feedlot facilities provides valuable insights into U.S. beef production, enabling strategies to improve animal welfare and mitigate environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181451"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal drivers of reported human–wild boar incidents in a human-dominated biodiversity hotspot 在人类主导的生物多样性热点地区报告的人类-野猪事件的季节性驱动因素。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181441

Fehmi Yıldız , Mohsen Ahmadi , Tuğba Tezer , Farzin Shabani , Morteza Naderi

Human–wild boar conflict incidents (HWBC) are increasingly reported in human-dominated landscapes, yet their seasonal drivers remain poorly quantified at broad scales in Türkiye. Using 105 summer and 152 winter reported incidents collected from media and online sources between 2006 and 2025, this study examines how land use, topography, and human presence shape the spatial patterns of reported HWBC incidents across the country within a resource selection function framework. Incident locations were contrasted with 1000 road-biased background points, and environmental predictors (reclassified CORINE land-cover classes, elevation, terrain ruggedness, and settlement cover) were summarized in 5-km buffers and analysed with season-specific logistic regression models, multi-model inference, and Kruskal–Wallis/Wilcoxon tests; temporal variation among pre-COVID, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods was evaluated with a chi-square test. In both seasons, reported encounters clustered at low elevations in settlement-rich landscapes, with urban cover strongly increasing conflict probability and elevation consistently reducing it, while cropland, forest, and grass–sparse vegetation showed negative associations, indicating that conflicts are more likely where natural or semi-natural cover is relatively scarce within human-dominated mosaics. Seasonal contrasts emerged for orchards and ruggedness: orchard cover and terrain ruggedness increased conflict probability in winter but had weak or no effects in summer, suggesting that winter foraging on tree crops and reliance on rough terrain as security cover amplify conflict risk in lowland peri-urban and agricultural areas. Incident frequencies differed significantly among the pre-COVID, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods, implying that changes in human mobility, traffic, and reporting effort during the pandemic contributed to observed temporal patterns in HWBC. Because the response variable is based on media- and online-reported incidents rather than systematic damage assessments, the patterns described reflect spatial distributions of reported encounters and complaints rather than a complete census of all conflict outcomes.

人类-野猪冲突事件（HWBC）在人类主导的景观中越来越多地被报道，但其季节性驱动因素在大范围内仍然缺乏量化。本研究利用2006年至2025年间从媒体和在线资源中收集的105起夏季和152起冬季报道事件，在资源选择功能框架内，研究了土地利用、地形和人类存在如何影响全国各地报道的HWBC事件的空间格局。将事故地点与1000个道路偏差背景点进行对比，并在5公里缓冲区中总结环境预测因子（重新分类的CORINE土地覆盖类别、海拔、地形崎岖度和沉降覆盖），并使用特定季节的逻辑回归模型、多模型推断和Kruskal-Wallis/Wilcoxon检验进行分析；采用卡方检验评估疫情前、封锁和封锁后期间的时间变化。在这两个季节中，报告的冲突集中在聚落丰富的低海拔景观中，城市覆盖强烈增加冲突概率，海拔持续降低冲突概率，而农田、森林和草地稀疏植被呈负相关，表明在人类主导的马赛克中，自然或半自然覆盖相对稀缺的地方，冲突更有可能发生。果园和地形起伏度存在季节差异：果园覆盖度和地形起伏度在冬季增加了冲突发生的可能性，但在夏季影响不大或没有影响，这表明冬季以乔木作物为食和依赖崎岖地形作为安全覆盖物增加了低地城郊和农业区的冲突风险。疫情前、封城和封城后的事件频率差异显著，这意味着疫情期间人员流动性、交通和报告工作的变化导致了HWBC中观察到的时间模式。由于响应变量是基于媒体和在线报道的事件，而不是基于系统的损害评估，因此所描述的模式反映的是报道的遭遇和投诉的空间分布，而不是对所有冲突结果的完整普查。

{"title":"Seasonal drivers of reported human–wild boar incidents in a human-dominated biodiversity hotspot","authors":"Fehmi Yıldız , Mohsen Ahmadi , Tuğba Tezer , Farzin Shabani , Morteza Naderi","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human–wild boar conflict incidents (HWBC) are increasingly reported in human-dominated landscapes, yet their seasonal drivers remain poorly quantified at broad scales in Türkiye. Using 105 summer and 152 winter reported incidents collected from media and online sources between 2006 and 2025, this study examines how land use, topography, and human presence shape the spatial patterns of reported HWBC incidents across the country within a resource selection function framework. Incident locations were contrasted with 1000 road-biased background points, and environmental predictors (reclassified CORINE land-cover classes, elevation, terrain ruggedness, and settlement cover) were summarized in 5-km buffers and analysed with season-specific logistic regression models, multi-model inference, and Kruskal–Wallis/Wilcoxon tests; temporal variation among pre-COVID, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods was evaluated with a chi-square test. In both seasons, reported encounters clustered at low elevations in settlement-rich landscapes, with urban cover strongly increasing conflict probability and elevation consistently reducing it, while cropland, forest, and grass–sparse vegetation showed negative associations, indicating that conflicts are more likely where natural or semi-natural cover is relatively scarce within human-dominated mosaics. Seasonal contrasts emerged for orchards and ruggedness: orchard cover and terrain ruggedness increased conflict probability in winter but had weak or no effects in summer, suggesting that winter foraging on tree crops and reliance on rough terrain as security cover amplify conflict risk in lowland peri-urban and agricultural areas. Incident frequencies differed significantly among the pre-COVID, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods, implying that changes in human mobility, traffic, and reporting effort during the pandemic contributed to observed temporal patterns in HWBC. Because the response variable is based on media- and online-reported incidents rather than systematic damage assessments, the patterns described reflect spatial distributions of reported encounters and complaints rather than a complete census of all conflict outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181441"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased moisture stress and weakened resilience to aridity limit global greening 水分胁迫增加和抗旱能力减弱限制了全球绿化

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181416

Rahul Kashyap, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath

The “Greening Earth” and rising aridity are both climate change signatures. We investigate the response of global photosynthesis to moisture stress (higher demand and lower availability of moisture) in current (2000−2021) and future climate scenarios (until 2100). We employ a suite of statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques on satellite remote sensing, reanalyses and climate projection data for robust findings. Remote sensing based high resolution indicators of global photosynthesis in Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) are utilised. Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD, 39.76%) influences global photosynthesis more than Soil Moisture (SM, 31.44%) and Climatic Water Deficit (CWD, 28.8%), reveals Random Forest (RF). VPD exhibits a direct causal relationship with photosynthesis across biomes and land cover types, unlike SM and CWD. In absence of direct causal association, SM and CWD influence photosynthesis through VPD. Enhanced land (CWD, 16.7%) and atmospheric (VPD, 4.3%) evaporative demands reduce SM (−2.2%) in recent decade (2010–2019) from the previous (2000–2009). Concurrently, global photosynthesis exhibits enhanced cumulative growth rates (CGR), with a slowdown/reversal of global greening (−2.8% CGR), notably in grasses and tropical biomes due to rising moisture stress. Cropland, and temperate and arid biomes exhibit high sensitivity and low resilience to dryness stress. Global photosynthesis has gained resilience against land evaporative (CWD, 6.7%) and atmospheric aridity (VPD, 4.1%), conversely lost resilience against SM drying (−0.5%) in recent decade from previous. In moisture-stressed ecosystems, gain in resilience facilitates photosynthesis and decline in resilience results in slowdown or reversal of greening. This calls for effective land management to enhance the resilience of vulnerable ecosystems to rising moisture stress for ensuring food security and sustainability.

“绿化地球”和日益严重的干旱都是气候变化的标志。我们研究了当前（2000 - 2021年）和未来气候情景（直到2100年）下全球光合作用对水分胁迫（更高的水分需求和更低的水分可用性）的响应。我们在卫星遥感、再分析和气候预测数据上采用了一套统计和机器学习（ML）技术，以获得可靠的发现。利用基于遥感的全球光合作用高分辨率指标，包括光合有效辐射分数（FPAR）、增强植被指数（EVI）和太阳诱导荧光（SIF）。随机森林（Random Forest， RF）显示，水汽压亏缺（VPD, 39.76%）对全球光合作用的影响大于土壤湿度（SM, 31.44%）和气候水分亏缺（CWD, 28.8%）。不同于SM和CWD， VPD与光合作用具有直接的因果关系。在没有直接因果关系的情况下，SM和CWD通过VPD影响光合作用。近10年（2010-2019年）陆地（CWD, 16.7%）和大气（VPD, 4.3%）蒸发需求的增加使近10年（2000-2009年）的蒸发量减少（- 2.2%）。与此同时，由于水分胁迫的增加，全球光合作用的累积增长率（CGR）增加，全球绿化（- 2.8% CGR）减慢/逆转，特别是在禾草和热带生物群系中。农田、温带和干旱生物群落对干旱胁迫表现出高敏感性和低恢复力。近10年来，全球光合作用对陆地蒸发（CWD, 6.7%）和大气干燥（VPD, 4.1%）的恢复力增强，而对陆地干燥（- 0.5%）的恢复力则相反。在水分胁迫的生态系统中，恢复力的增加促进了光合作用，恢复力的下降导致绿化的减缓或逆转。这就需要有效的土地管理，以增强脆弱生态系统对不断上升的水分胁迫的抵御能力，从而确保粮食安全和可持续性。

{"title":"Increased moisture stress and weakened resilience to aridity limit global greening","authors":"Rahul Kashyap, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Greening Earth” and rising aridity are both climate change signatures. We investigate the response of global photosynthesis to moisture stress (higher demand and lower availability of moisture) in current (2000−2021) and future climate scenarios (until 2100). We employ a suite of statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques on satellite remote sensing, reanalyses and climate projection data for robust findings. Remote sensing based high resolution indicators of global photosynthesis in Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) are utilised. Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD, 39.76%) influences global photosynthesis more than Soil Moisture (SM, 31.44%) and Climatic Water Deficit (CWD, 28.8%), reveals Random Forest (RF). VPD exhibits a direct causal relationship with photosynthesis across biomes and land cover types, unlike SM and CWD. In absence of direct causal association, SM and CWD influence photosynthesis through VPD. Enhanced land (CWD, 16.7%) and atmospheric (VPD, 4.3%) evaporative demands reduce SM (−2.2%) in recent decade (2010–2019) from the previous (2000–2009). Concurrently, global photosynthesis exhibits enhanced cumulative growth rates (CGR), with a slowdown/reversal of global greening (−2.8% CGR), notably in grasses and tropical biomes due to rising moisture stress. Cropland, and temperate and arid biomes exhibit high sensitivity and low resilience to dryness stress. Global photosynthesis has gained resilience against land evaporative (CWD, 6.7%) and atmospheric aridity (VPD, 4.1%), conversely lost resilience against SM drying (−0.5%) in recent decade from previous. In moisture-stressed ecosystems, gain in resilience facilitates photosynthesis and decline in resilience results in slowdown or reversal of greening. This calls for effective land management to enhance the resilience of vulnerable ecosystems to rising moisture stress for ensuring food security and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181416"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sharks at night, exposed to city light: Melatonin concentrations in two shark species differ in response to artificial light at night 夜间暴露在城市灯光下的鲨鱼：两种鲨鱼体内的褪黑素浓度在夜间对人造光的反应中有所不同

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181446

Abigail M. Tinari , M. Danielle McDonald , Steven J. Cooke , Austin J. Gallagher , Neil Hammerschlag

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive pollutant which can extend into coastal waters. Previous studies have revealed that ALAN can suppress melatonin levels in teleost fishes. However, the effects of ALAN on elasmobranch physiology have yet to be investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the relationship between ALAN exposure and blood melatonin levels in wild nurse (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus) sharks sampled off Miami, Florida (USA). We hypothesized that sharks sampled at night in metropolitan areas exposed to high ALAN, would exhibit lower blood melatonin concentrations, compared to conspecifics sampled in adjacent more pristine areas with low ALAN. As shark level of mobility would likely influence exposure to ALAN, we further hypothesized species-specific differences in our results as nurse sharks are relatively sedentary, whereas blacktips are highly mobile. We also tested for the potential influence of other biological and environmental factors, along with exposure to ALAN, on species-specific melatonin levels. Consistent with our hypothesis, nurse sharks exposed to higher ALAN exhibited significantly lower melatonin concentrations compared to individuals sampled in areas with lower ALAN. Melatonin concentrations measured in blacktips did not differ between individuals sampled in high versus low areas of ALAN. These results suggest that exposure to ALAN can suppress melatonin levels in wild sharks, and that these effects may be influenced by species-specific mobility; specifically, species that are highly resident to areas of high ALAN may be more prone to this anthropogenic pollutant compared to highly mobile species that readily move between areas of high and low ALAN. The melatonin levels found here for nurse (24.6 to 425.2 pg/mL) and blacktip sharks (27.4 to 628.7 pg/mL) also represent the first assessment of blood melatonin levels reported in sharks, providing baseline information for future monitoring and inter- and intra-species comparisons.

夜间人造光是一种普遍存在的污染物，可以延伸到沿海水域。先前的研究表明，ALAN可以抑制硬骨鱼体内褪黑激素的水平。然而，ALAN对板鳃的生理影响尚未被研究。为了解决这一知识差距，我们研究了在美国佛罗里达州迈阿密采样的野生护士（cirratum Ginglymostoma）和黑鳍鲨鱼（Carcharhinus limbatus）的ALAN暴露与血液褪黑激素水平之间的关系。我们假设，在夜间暴露于高ALAN的大都市地区取样的鲨鱼，与在邻近更原始的低ALAN地区取样的同类相比，血液中褪黑激素浓度会较低。由于鲨鱼的活动水平可能会影响对ALAN的暴露，我们进一步假设我们的结果中存在物种特异性差异，因为护士鲨相对来说是久坐不动的，而黑鳍鲨则是高度移动的。我们还测试了其他生物和环境因素以及ALAN暴露对物种特异性褪黑激素水平的潜在影响。与我们的假设一致，暴露于较高ALAN环境中的护士鲨，其褪黑激素浓度明显低于在较低ALAN环境中取样的个体。在黑点测量的褪黑素浓度在ALAN高区和低区采样的个体之间没有差异。这些结果表明，暴露于ALAN可以抑制野生鲨鱼的褪黑激素水平，这些影响可能受到物种特异性流动性的影响；具体来说，在高ALAN区域高度居住的物种可能比在高和低ALAN区域之间容易移动的高度流动物种更容易受到这种人为污染物的影响。在这里，护士鲨（24.6至425.2 pg/mL）和黑鳍鲨（27.4至628.7 pg/mL）的褪黑素水平也代表了鲨鱼血液中褪黑素水平的首次评估，为未来的监测和物种间和物种内的比较提供了基线信息。

{"title":"Sharks at night, exposed to city light: Melatonin concentrations in two shark species differ in response to artificial light at night","authors":"Abigail M. Tinari , M. Danielle McDonald , Steven J. Cooke , Austin J. Gallagher , Neil Hammerschlag","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive pollutant which can extend into coastal waters. Previous studies have revealed that ALAN can suppress melatonin levels in teleost fishes. However, the effects of ALAN on elasmobranch physiology have yet to be investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the relationship between ALAN exposure and blood melatonin levels in wild nurse (<em>Ginglymostoma cirratum</em>) and blacktip (<em>Carcharhinus limbatus</em>) sharks sampled off Miami, Florida (USA). We hypothesized that sharks sampled at night in metropolitan areas exposed to high ALAN, would exhibit lower blood melatonin concentrations, compared to conspecifics sampled in adjacent more pristine areas with low ALAN. As shark level of mobility would likely influence exposure to ALAN, we further hypothesized species-specific differences in our results as nurse sharks are relatively sedentary, whereas blacktips are highly mobile. We also tested for the potential influence of other biological and environmental factors, along with exposure to ALAN, on species-specific melatonin levels. Consistent with our hypothesis, nurse sharks exposed to higher ALAN exhibited significantly lower melatonin concentrations compared to individuals sampled in areas with lower ALAN. Melatonin concentrations measured in blacktips did not differ between individuals sampled in high versus low areas of ALAN. These results suggest that exposure to ALAN can suppress melatonin levels in wild sharks, and that these effects may be influenced by species-specific mobility; specifically, species that are highly resident to areas of high ALAN may be more prone to this anthropogenic pollutant compared to highly mobile species that readily move between areas of high and low ALAN. The melatonin levels found here for nurse (24.6 to 425.2 pg/mL) and blacktip sharks (27.4 to 628.7 pg/mL) also represent the first assessment of blood melatonin levels reported in sharks, providing baseline information for future monitoring and inter- and intra-species comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181446"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban green infrastructure fails to mitigate exposure to mercury with increasing pollution levels: evidence from corvids 城市绿色基础设施在污染水平日益增加的情况下未能减轻汞暴露：来自康维兹的证据

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181432

Michał Ciach , Łukasz J. Binkowski , Arkadiusz Fröhlich , Katarzyna Kucharska

The urban landscape acts as a novel habitat providing opportunities for certain species. However, populations of these so-called urban winners are constantly exposed to environmental contaminants, among which mercury (Hg) is perceived as a significant health concern for both wildlife and humans. While absorption of Hg is primarily related to its environmental level, it could be theoretically mitigated by near-natural habitats that have persisted within the urban landscape. Here, we investigated this hypothesis using three sympatric corvids as a model – Magpie Pica pica, Jackdaw Corvus monedula and Rook Corvus frugilegus. Total Hg concentrations were identified in the feathers (in the shafts and barbs separately) of each species collected in their breeding territories located along the urbanization gradient of Kraków (Poland). These concentrations were then correlated with particulate matter emissions (PM₁₀) and habitat features (green and grey infrastructure) measured in the territories where the feathers had been collected. We expected that Hg concentrations in feathers would increase with increasing local pollutant emissions but decrease with increasing areas of green infrastructure, i.e. natural or semi-natural vegetation. Mean Hg concentrations in both feather shafts and barbs differed between the species. Magpie showed the highest concentrations (0.621 ± 0.442 μg/g in barbs), followed by Jackdaw (0.441 ± 0.272 μg/g) and Rook (0.296 ± 0.134 μg/g). A generalized linear model yielded a correlation between habitat composition and Hg concentration only for Jackdaw feather shafts. A generalized additive model, however, revealed a non-linear relationship between PM₁₀ emissions and Hg concentrations in feather barbs and/or shafts of Jackdaw and Magpie (but not Rook). Hg concentrations initially increased, but then fell with increasing PM₁₀ emissions; these relationships were not influenced by habitat features. In conclusion, we found no evidence that Hg contamination was mitigated by urban green infrastructure.

城市景观为某些物种提供了新的栖息地。然而，这些所谓的城市优胜者的人口不断暴露于环境污染物中，其中汞被认为是野生动物和人类的重大健康问题。虽然汞的吸收主要与其环境水平有关，但理论上可以通过在城市景观中持续存在的接近自然的栖息地来减轻汞的吸收。在此，我们以三种同域分布的鸦科动物——异食鹊、鸦鸦和鹤鸦作为模型来研究这一假说。在沿城市化梯度Kraków（波兰）的繁殖区域收集的每个物种的羽毛（分别在轴和倒刺上）中确定了总汞浓度。然后将这些浓度与收集羽毛的地区测量的颗粒物排放（PM10）和栖息地特征（绿色和灰色基础设施）相关联。我们预计羽毛中的汞浓度会随着当地污染物排放量的增加而增加，而随着绿色基础设施（即自然或半自然植被）面积的增加而降低。羽轴和倒刺的平均汞浓度在不同物种之间存在差异。其中，喜鹊的浓度最高（0.621±0.442 μg/g），其次是寒鸦（0.441±0.272 μg/g）和白嘴鸦（0.296±0.134 μg/g）。一个广义线性模型显示，栖息地组成与汞浓度仅对寒鸦羽轴有相关性。然而，一个广义的加性模型揭示了PM10排放与寒鸦和喜鹊（但不包括白嘴鸦）羽毛倒刺和/或轴中的汞浓度之间的非线性关系。随着PM10排放量的增加，汞浓度开始上升，但随后下降；这些关系不受生境特征的影响。总之，我们没有发现城市绿色基础设施减轻汞污染的证据。

{"title":"Urban green infrastructure fails to mitigate exposure to mercury with increasing pollution levels: evidence from corvids","authors":"Michał Ciach , Łukasz J. Binkowski , Arkadiusz Fröhlich , Katarzyna Kucharska","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban landscape acts as a novel habitat providing opportunities for certain species. However, populations of these so-called urban winners are constantly exposed to environmental contaminants, among which mercury (Hg) is perceived as a significant health concern for both wildlife and humans. While absorption of Hg is primarily related to its environmental level, it could be theoretically mitigated by near-natural habitats that have persisted within the urban landscape. Here, we investigated this hypothesis using three sympatric corvids as a model – Magpie <em>Pica pica</em>, Jackdaw <em>Corvus monedula</em> and Rook <em>Corvus frugilegus</em>. Total Hg concentrations were identified in the feathers (in the shafts and barbs separately) of each species collected in their breeding territories located along the urbanization gradient of Kraków (Poland). These concentrations were then correlated with particulate matter emissions (PM<sub>10</sub>) and habitat features (green and grey infrastructure) measured in the territories where the feathers had been collected. We expected that Hg concentrations in feathers would increase with increasing local pollutant emissions but decrease with increasing areas of green infrastructure, i.e. natural or semi-natural vegetation. Mean Hg concentrations in both feather shafts and barbs differed between the species. Magpie showed the highest concentrations (0.621 ± 0.442 μg/g in barbs), followed by Jackdaw (0.441 ± 0.272 μg/g) and Rook (0.296 ± 0.134 μg/g). A generalized linear model yielded a correlation between habitat composition and Hg concentration only for Jackdaw feather shafts. A generalized additive model, however, revealed a non-linear relationship between PM<sub>10</sub> emissions and Hg concentrations in feather barbs and/or shafts of Jackdaw and Magpie (but not Rook). Hg concentrations initially increased, but then fell with increasing PM<sub>10</sub> emissions; these relationships were not influenced by habitat features. In conclusion, we found no evidence that Hg contamination was mitigated by urban green infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181432"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The chemical evolution of tributaries to Lake George (Essex County), New York (USA), 1970–2024: Recovery from acidic atmospheric deposition and the impact of road salt 1970-2024年美国纽约乔治湖（埃塞克斯县）支流的化学演化：酸性大气沉积的恢复和道路盐的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181402

J.W. Sutherland , S.A. Norton , B.J. Cosby , C. Navitsky

Acidic atmospheric deposition from air pollution (elevated sulfate, nitrate) and salinization from highway deicing (normally sodium chloride) have significant impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Lake George, New York (USA), is the largest waterbody totally within the Adirondack Park, a U.S. region identified by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program as containing surface waters sensitive to acidification. Lake George also is typical of temperate lakes at risk for elevated sodium and chloride concentrations from winter deicing.

We evaluated the ionic composition of 18 Lake George tributaries using >4300 samples, intermittently collected from 1970 to 2024. Sulfate, in response to the Clean Air Act and Amendments, declined above road salting areas, reaching “steady state” about 2019 for sulfate (a 90% decline) and base cations. Chloride from road salt has increased irregularly, starting before 1970. Watershed soil accumulated considerable Na⁺ during ion exchange by 2016, displacing Ca⁺², Mg⁺², and K⁺ from soils to Lake George. This trend then reversed as total (Ca⁺² + Mg⁺² + K⁺) declined more than Na⁺, which converged on Cl⁻. Consequently, the Ca⁺², Mg⁺², and K⁺ concentrations in Lake George now are being diluted but remain elevated. Continued salt loading since before 1970 has resulted in soil depletion of exchangeable Ca⁺², Mg⁺², and K⁺, even as Na⁺ and Cl⁻ declined from reduced salt use. Base cations in runoff from some salt-impacted tributaries are approaching the weathering rate. Elevated Ca⁺² made Lake George susceptible to invasion by non-native bivalve species. The Lake George outlet lags behind tributary chemistry changes by a few years.

空气污染造成的酸性大气沉积（硫酸盐、硝酸盐升高）和公路除冰造成的盐碱化（通常是氯化钠）对陆地和水生生态系统有重大影响。美国纽约的乔治湖是阿迪朗达克公园内最大的水体，阿迪朗达克公园是美国国家酸雨评估计划认定的包含对酸化敏感的地表水的地区。乔治湖也是典型的温带湖泊，冬季除冰会使钠和氯化物浓度升高。我们利用1970年至2024年间断断续续采集的4300个样本，对乔治湖18条支流的离子组成进行了评估。根据《清洁空气法案和修正案》，硫酸盐在道路盐化区域上方下降，到2019年左右硫酸盐和碱离子达到“稳定状态”（下降90%）。从1970年以前开始，道路盐中的氯化物就不规则地增加了。到2016年，流域土壤在离子交换过程中积累了大量的Na+，将Ca+2、Mg+2和K+从土壤中置换到乔治湖。随着Ca+2 + Mg+2 + K+总量的下降幅度大于Na+，这一趋势发生逆转，Na+向Cl−收敛。因此，乔治湖中的Ca+2、Mg+2和K+浓度现在正在被稀释，但仍保持在较高水平。自1970年以前以来，持续的盐负荷导致土壤中可交换性Ca+2、Mg+2和K+的枯竭，即使Na+和Cl−也因盐的减少而减少。一些受盐影响的支流径流中的碱性阳离子正在接近风化速率。升高的Ca+2使乔治湖容易受到非本地双壳类物种的入侵。乔治湖的出口比支流的化学变化要晚几年。

{"title":"The chemical evolution of tributaries to Lake George (Essex County), New York (USA), 1970–2024: Recovery from acidic atmospheric deposition and the impact of road salt","authors":"J.W. Sutherland , S.A. Norton , B.J. Cosby , C. Navitsky","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acidic atmospheric deposition from air pollution (elevated sulfate, nitrate) and salinization from highway deicing (normally sodium chloride) have significant impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Lake George, New York (USA), is the largest waterbody totally within the Adirondack Park, a U.S. region identified by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program as containing surface waters sensitive to acidification. Lake George also is typical of temperate lakes at risk for elevated sodium and chloride concentrations from winter deicing.</div><div>We evaluated the ionic composition of 18 Lake George tributaries using >4300 samples, intermittently collected from 1970 to 2024. Sulfate, in response to the Clean Air Act and Amendments, declined above road salting areas, reaching “steady state” about 2019 for sulfate (a 90% decline) and base cations. Chloride from road salt has increased irregularly, starting before 1970. Watershed soil accumulated considerable Na<sup>+</sup> during ion exchange by 2016, displacing Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> from soils to Lake George. This trend then reversed as total (Ca<sup>+2</sup> + Mg<sup>+2</sup> + K<sup>+</sup>) declined more than Na<sup>+</sup>, which converged on Cl<sup>−</sup>. Consequently, the Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> concentrations in Lake George now are being diluted but remain elevated. Continued salt loading since before 1970 has resulted in soil depletion of exchangeable Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup>, even as Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> declined from reduced salt use. Base cations in runoff from some salt-impacted tributaries are approaching the weathering rate. Elevated Ca<sup>+2</sup> made Lake George susceptible to invasion by non-native bivalve species. The Lake George outlet lags behind tributary chemistry changes by a few years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181402"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Closer-to-nature pyro-silviculture mitigates crown fire potential in dry mountain conifer forests 在干燥的山地针叶林中，更接近自然的人工造林减轻了树冠火灾的可能性

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181458

Davide Vecchio , William Ruddy Mell , Jose V. Moris , Christopher Leifsson , Alessia Bono , Luca Musio , Roberta Berretti , Fabio Meloni , Evelyn Momo , Lucia Caffo , Cristian Accastello , Alberto Dotta , Renzo Motta , Davide Ascoli

Dry conifer forests of the southwestern European Alps are increasingly exposed to high-severity crown fires due to prolonged droughts and foehn winds intensified by climatic change. On steep terrain, traditional fire hazard reduction treatments, such as uniform thinning, are often ineffective because they fail to disrupt the alignment of wind, slope, and flammable canopy fuels that drive crown fire propagation. This study addresses the need for effective, ecologically grounded strategies to mitigate crown fire behavior in steep, dry Scots pine forests by applying and evaluating an innovative pyro-silvicultural treatment implemented over 40 ha.

Grounded in fire behavior physics under a closer-to-nature approach, the treatment increased forest structural heterogeneity and reduced crown fuel continuity through a two-order network of elliptical canopy gaps. Larger gaps were oriented along the expected fire-spread direction to disperse convective heat, while smaller transverse gaps were designed to limit crown fire sustainment along the flanks.

Using the physics-based Wildland–urban interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), post-treatment simulations showed reductions in heat release, air temperature, fire rate of spread, and crown fuel consumption. These changes indicate altered convective dynamics, fragmentation of the fire front, and a transition toward surface fire behavior, demonstrating the effectiveness of spatially explicit canopy manipulation in mitigating crown fire sustenance. Overall, the proposed pyro-silvicultural approach provides a proactive framework to enhance the resistance and resilience of dry conifer forests to crown fires on steep mountain slopes.

由于长期干旱和气候变化加剧的焚风，欧洲西南部阿尔卑斯山的干燥针叶林越来越多地暴露于高强度的树冠火灾中。在陡峭的地形上，传统的减少火灾危险的处理方法，如均匀疏林，往往是无效的，因为它们不能破坏风、斜坡和可燃树冠燃料的排列，而这些正是推动树冠火灾传播的因素。本研究通过应用和评估一种超过40公顷的创新的人工造林处理方法，解决了在陡峭干燥的苏格兰松林中有效的、基于生态的策略来减少树冠火灾行为的需求。基于火灾行为物理，在更接近自然的方法下，处理通过椭圆树冠间隙的二阶网络增加了森林结构的异质性，降低了树冠燃料的连续性。较大的间隙沿火势蔓延方向设计，以分散对流热量，而较小的横向间隙设计，以限制沿侧翼的树冠火灾持续。利用基于物理的荒地-城市界面火灾动力学模拟器（WFDS），处理后的模拟显示，热量释放、空气温度、火势蔓延速度和燃料消耗都有所减少。这些变化表明对流动力学的改变、火锋的破碎化以及向地表火灾行为的转变，证明了空间上明确的冠层操纵在减轻树冠火灾维持方面的有效性。总的来说，提出的人工造林方法提供了一个积极主动的框架，以增强陡峭山坡上干燥针叶林对树冠火灾的抵抗力和恢复力。

{"title":"Closer-to-nature pyro-silviculture mitigates crown fire potential in dry mountain conifer forests","authors":"Davide Vecchio , William Ruddy Mell , Jose V. Moris , Christopher Leifsson , Alessia Bono , Luca Musio , Roberta Berretti , Fabio Meloni , Evelyn Momo , Lucia Caffo , Cristian Accastello , Alberto Dotta , Renzo Motta , Davide Ascoli","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry conifer forests of the southwestern European Alps are increasingly exposed to high-severity crown fires due to prolonged droughts and foehn winds intensified by climatic change. On steep terrain, traditional fire hazard reduction treatments, such as uniform thinning, are often ineffective because they fail to disrupt the alignment of wind, slope, and flammable canopy fuels that drive crown fire propagation. This study addresses the need for effective, ecologically grounded strategies to mitigate crown fire behavior in steep, dry Scots pine forests by applying and evaluating an innovative pyro-silvicultural treatment implemented over 40 ha.</div><div>Grounded in fire behavior physics under a closer-to-nature approach, the treatment increased forest structural heterogeneity and reduced crown fuel continuity through a two-order network of elliptical canopy gaps. Larger gaps were oriented along the expected fire-spread direction to disperse convective heat, while smaller transverse gaps were designed to limit crown fire sustainment along the flanks.</div><div>Using the physics-based Wildland–urban interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), post-treatment simulations showed reductions in heat release, air temperature, fire rate of spread, and crown fuel consumption. These changes indicate altered convective dynamics, fragmentation of the fire front, and a transition toward surface fire behavior, demonstrating the effectiveness of spatially explicit canopy manipulation in mitigating crown fire sustenance. Overall, the proposed pyro-silvicultural approach provides a proactive framework to enhance the resistance and resilience of dry conifer forests to crown fires on steep mountain slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181458"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable agriculture creates management trade-offs, not conflicts, between crop productivity and soil carbon storage goals 可持续农业在作物生产力和土壤碳储存目标之间创造了管理上的权衡，而不是冲突

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181438

David G. Encarnation , Robert S. Powell , Pete Smith , Adam F.A. Pellegrini

Accelerating climate change and increasing food insecurity necessitates agricultural management that simultaneously mitigates climate change and increases food production. We evaluated when and where sustainable agriculture creates win-wins or trade-offs between food production and soil carbon sequestration across four crop types and four broad management changes. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 2975 paired yield and topsoil carbon (and 498 subsoil) observations from 510 publications to assess the simultaneous impacts of reduced tillage, cover cropping, complex crop rotations, and crop residue retention on maize, wheat, rice, and soybean yields and soil organic carbon stocks. Strong coupling between crop yield and soil carbon gains occurred in only 18.1% of observations, but significant gains in either outcome occurred in 55.6%. Environmental conditions mattered across all practices and crop types: win-wins were most likely in marginal agricultural lands characterized by warmer temperatures, water limitation, and low nitrogen application rates – conditions that represent a substantial proportion of global agricultural land area. By considering the interactions between crop types and multiple practices thought to bolster soil carbon stocks and crop yields, we conclude that the optimal practice for maximizing the yield response is not always the same as the optimal practice for maximizing the soil carbon response. This generates management trade-offs not via declines in either yields or soil carbon, but rather in determining the optimal practice selection for a given crop in a given area.

气候变化的加速和粮食不安全的加剧要求农业管理在减缓气候变化的同时增加粮食产量。我们评估了可持续农业在何时何地在四种作物类型和四种广泛的管理变革中实现粮食生产和土壤碳封存之间的双赢或权衡。我们对来自510份出版物的2975个产量和表土碳（以及498个底土碳）观测数据进行了全球荟萃分析，以评估减少耕作、覆盖、复杂作物轮作和作物残茬保留对玉米、小麦、水稻和大豆产量和土壤有机碳储量的同时影响。作物产量和土壤碳增益之间的强耦合仅在18.1%的观测中出现，但在55.6%的观测中出现了任何一种结果的显著增益。环境条件对所有实践和作物类型都很重要：在以温度较高、水资源限制和氮肥施用量低为特征的边缘农业用地上，双赢最有可能实现——这些条件占全球农业用地面积的很大一部分。通过考虑作物类型和多种被认为可以提高土壤碳储量和作物产量的做法之间的相互作用，我们得出结论，最大化产量响应的最佳做法并不总是与最大化土壤碳响应的最佳做法相同。这就产生了管理上的权衡，不是通过产量或土壤碳的下降，而是通过确定特定地区特定作物的最佳实践选择。

{"title":"Sustainable agriculture creates management trade-offs, not conflicts, between crop productivity and soil carbon storage goals","authors":"David G. Encarnation , Robert S. Powell , Pete Smith , Adam F.A. Pellegrini","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerating climate change and increasing food insecurity necessitates agricultural management that simultaneously mitigates climate change and increases food production. We evaluated when and where sustainable agriculture creates win-wins or trade-offs between food production and soil carbon sequestration across four crop types and four broad management changes. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 2975 paired yield and topsoil carbon (and 498 subsoil) observations from 510 publications to assess the simultaneous impacts of reduced tillage, cover cropping, complex crop rotations, and crop residue retention on maize, wheat, rice, and soybean yields and soil organic carbon stocks. Strong coupling between crop yield and soil carbon gains occurred in only 18.1% of observations, but significant gains in either outcome occurred in 55.6%. Environmental conditions mattered across all practices and crop types: win-wins were most likely in marginal agricultural lands characterized by warmer temperatures, water limitation, and low nitrogen application rates – conditions that represent a substantial proportion of global agricultural land area. By considering the interactions between crop types and multiple practices thought to bolster soil carbon stocks and crop yields, we conclude that the optimal practice for maximizing the yield response is not always the same as the optimal practice for maximizing the soil carbon response. This generates management trade-offs not via declines in either yields or soil carbon, but rather in determining the optimal practice selection for a given crop in a given area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1015 ","pages":"Article 181438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0