Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178971
Fabian Sommer, Luca Brockmann, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Volker Audorff
Current research on microplastics (MPs) primarily focuses on investigating environmental samples, often lacking in identifying the actual sources and emission quantities. Little is known about the quantity of bicycle tire abrasion in real-use scenarios. Mountain biking, a popular outdoor sport produces tire wear particles (TWP) directly in natural environments. This study quantifies microplastic abrasion from mountain bike tires in real-life usage.
We measured the weight loss of mountain bike tires gravimetrically over their period of use to quantify abrasion throughout their lifecycle. We found an abrasion rate of 3.62 g (median) per 100 km per mountain bike. The rate was higher for the rear tire (median 2.32 g; IQR = 1.58 to 3.59 g) compared to the front tire (median 1.32 g; IQR = 1.06 to 2.64 g). After higher abrasion rates of the new tire, rates decrease, and average abrasion stabilizes at around 1.43 g (median front and rear; IQR = 1.07 to 1.60 g) per 100 km per tire. This dynamic is due to the abrasion of excess material and sharp edges produced during manufacturing. Gravimetrically measuring material loss proved effective in assessing MP abrasion from mountain bike tires. Combining these findings with average bicycle kilometrage statistics for Germany results in an emission of 59 to 88 g of tire material per mountain biker per year. Calculated emissions from cycling (rider-number * average kilometrage * abrasion rate) would contribute <1 % to the total annual MPs emissions, significantly lower than motorized vehicle tires, which contribute about 30 %.
{"title":"Quantifying abrasion of microplastics from mountain bike tires","authors":"Fabian Sommer, Luca Brockmann, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Volker Audorff","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research on microplastics (MPs) primarily focuses on investigating environmental samples, often lacking in identifying the actual sources and emission quantities. Little is known about the quantity of bicycle tire abrasion in real-use scenarios. Mountain biking, a popular outdoor sport produces tire wear particles (TWP) directly in natural environments. This study quantifies microplastic abrasion from mountain bike tires in real-life usage.</div><div>We measured the weight loss of mountain bike tires gravimetrically over their period of use to quantify abrasion throughout their lifecycle. We found an abrasion rate of 3.62 g (median) per 100 km per mountain bike. The rate was higher for the rear tire (median 2.32 g; IQR = 1.58 to 3.59 g) compared to the front tire (median 1.32 g; IQR = 1.06 to 2.64 g). After higher abrasion rates of the new tire, rates decrease, and average abrasion stabilizes at around 1.43 g (median front and rear; IQR = 1.07 to 1.60 g) per 100 km per tire. This dynamic is due to the abrasion of excess material and sharp edges produced during manufacturing. Gravimetrically measuring material loss proved effective in assessing MP abrasion from mountain bike tires. Combining these findings with average bicycle kilometrage statistics for Germany results in an emission of 59 to 88 g of tire material per mountain biker per year. Calculated emissions from cycling (rider-number * average kilometrage * abrasion rate) would contribute <1 % to the total annual MPs emissions, significantly lower than motorized vehicle tires, which contribute about 30 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178971"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178987
Shengwei Cao , Ping Yin , Chunlei Liu , Xiujian Hu , Yaci Liu , Yuewen Zhao , Xiangyu Guan , Yasong Li
Coastal estuaries are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs, disrupting nitrogen cycling and posing significant threats to ecosystem health. This study investigates nitrogen sources and transformation processes in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE), a highly eutrophic subtropical estuary in Southeast China. By analyzing and comparing samples from groundwater, surface water, and sediment, this study reveals distinct nitrogen transformation dynamics across interconnected environmental compartments. A comprehensive framework integrating stable isotope analysis, sediment incubation experiments, and microbial molecular techniques was employed to characterize nitrogen dynamics both regionally and at the sediment-water interface within diverse wetland types. Manure and sewage were identified as the primary nitrogen sources. Salinity emerged as a key regulator of nitrogen transformations, with freshwater wetlands exhibiting the highest denitrification potential, followed by mudflats, aquaculture ponds, and mangroves. Abiotic factors, including hydrological conditions and wetland types, were found to predominantly drive nitrogen transformations, while biotic factors, such as microbial community composition and functional gene abundances, played a secondary but interconnected role under the influence of abiotic drivers. These findings offer valuable insights into nitrogen cycling in estuarine ecosystems and propose a robust framework for mitigating nitrogen pollution and managing eutrophication in coastal regions.
{"title":"Deciphering denitrification drivers in a high‑nitrogen estuary: Insights from stable isotope analysis and microbial molecular techniques","authors":"Shengwei Cao , Ping Yin , Chunlei Liu , Xiujian Hu , Yaci Liu , Yuewen Zhao , Xiangyu Guan , Yasong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal estuaries are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs, disrupting nitrogen cycling and posing significant threats to ecosystem health. This study investigates nitrogen sources and transformation processes in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE), a highly eutrophic subtropical estuary in Southeast China. By analyzing and comparing samples from groundwater, surface water, and sediment, this study reveals distinct nitrogen transformation dynamics across interconnected environmental compartments. A comprehensive framework integrating stable isotope analysis, sediment incubation experiments, and microbial molecular techniques was employed to characterize nitrogen dynamics both regionally and at the sediment-water interface within diverse wetland types. Manure and sewage were identified as the primary nitrogen sources. Salinity emerged as a key regulator of nitrogen transformations, with freshwater wetlands exhibiting the highest denitrification potential, followed by mudflats, aquaculture ponds, and mangroves. Abiotic factors, including hydrological conditions and wetland types, were found to predominantly drive nitrogen transformations, while biotic factors, such as microbial community composition and functional gene abundances, played a secondary but interconnected role under the influence of abiotic drivers. These findings offer valuable insights into nitrogen cycling in estuarine ecosystems and propose a robust framework for mitigating nitrogen pollution and managing eutrophication in coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178987"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite exponential increase in global blue carbon studies over the last decade, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of drivers such as seascape connectivity that mediate the carbon storage in tropical saltmarsh ecosystems. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating how seascape-level drivers, specifically connectivity between ecosystems, sediment traits and plant biomass, influence carbon stocks, in connected versus individual tropical saltmarsh (Porteresia coarctata and Myrostachia wightiana) meadows. This study compared the influence of connected saltmarsh meadows (adjacent to mangroves) with individual saltmarsh meadows across four tropical locations and assessed their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in sediment, biomass, various plant traits and C stocks. Stable isotopes tracers (13C and 15N) were used to determine the C contribution from autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sources. Connectivity resulted in increased of plant shoot density, and biomass by 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold respectively than individual saltmarsh meadows. Connectivity resulted in 2.3-fold higher Corg stocks (sediment + biomass) than individual meadows. Connectivity increased the below -ground biomass contribution to sediment C pool by 2 to 10 %, whereas the combined contribution of mangrove leaf biomass was between 7.8 and 26.8 % in both saltmarsh species probably depending on the mangrove density, leaf litterfall and organic matter trapping efficiency of these saltmarsh species. The study underscores the positive role of seascape connectivity with mangroves in enhancing the carbon stocks in tropical saltmarsh ecosystems.
{"title":"Seascape connectivity with mangroves positively influences tropical saltmarsh blue carbon stocks","authors":"Amrit Kumar Mishra , Arindam Dey , Anjalis Mishra , Sandip Kumar Mohakud , Syed Hilal Farooq","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite exponential increase in global blue carbon studies over the last decade, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of drivers such as seascape connectivity that mediate the carbon storage in tropical saltmarsh ecosystems. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating how seascape-level drivers, specifically connectivity between ecosystems, sediment traits and plant biomass, influence carbon stocks, in connected versus individual tropical saltmarsh (<em>Porteresia coarctata</em> and <em>Myrostachia wightiana</em>) meadows. This study compared the influence of connected saltmarsh meadows (adjacent to mangroves) with individual saltmarsh meadows across four tropical locations and assessed their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in sediment, biomass, various plant traits and C stocks. Stable isotopes tracers (<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N) were used to determine the C contribution from autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sources. Connectivity resulted in increased of plant shoot density, and biomass by 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold respectively than individual saltmarsh meadows. Connectivity resulted in 2.3-fold higher C<sub>org</sub> stocks (sediment + biomass) than individual meadows. Connectivity increased the below -ground biomass contribution to sediment C pool by 2 to 10 %, whereas the combined contribution of mangrove leaf biomass was between 7.8 and 26.8 % in both saltmarsh species probably depending on the mangrove density, leaf litterfall and organic matter trapping efficiency of these saltmarsh species. The study underscores the positive role of seascape connectivity with mangroves in enhancing the carbon stocks in tropical saltmarsh ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178929"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178879
Betina Sayeg Burd , Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy , Camila Bebber , Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin Brasil , Lindomar Soares dos Santos , Nayrim Brizuela Guerra , Gabriela Felix Persinoti , Vadim Jucaud , Rosana Goldbeck , Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
Plastics have been an integral part of human lives, enhancing the functionality and safety of many everyday products, contributing significantly to our overall well-being. However, petroleum-based plastics can take hundreds or even thousands of years to decompose, resulting in an unprecedented plastic waste accumulation in the environment. Widely used conventional plastic disposal methods as landfilling and incineration are also environmentally harmful, frequently leading to soil/water contamination and the release of microplastics. To overcome these limitations, researchers have been investigating novel sustainable alternatives for plastic waste management, such as the use of microorganisms, microbial-based enzymes, and, more recently, some insect larvae, being Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor the most promising ones. In this review, we explore different methods of plastic waste disposal focusing on recent discoveries regarding biological plastic degradation using insects as alternative methods. We also discuss the plastic degradation mechanisms employed by G. mellonella and T. molitor larvae known so far, as salivary enzymes and the pool of microorganisms in their gut. Finally, this review highlights key challenges in plastic biodegradation, such as standardization and experimental comparability, while proposing innovative perspectives like using insects as bioreactors and exploring unexplored research directions.
{"title":"Can the insects Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor be the future of plastic biodegradation?","authors":"Betina Sayeg Burd , Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy , Camila Bebber , Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin Brasil , Lindomar Soares dos Santos , Nayrim Brizuela Guerra , Gabriela Felix Persinoti , Vadim Jucaud , Rosana Goldbeck , Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics have been an integral part of human lives, enhancing the functionality and safety of many everyday products, contributing significantly to our overall well-being. However, petroleum-based plastics can take hundreds or even thousands of years to decompose, resulting in an unprecedented plastic waste accumulation in the environment. Widely used conventional plastic disposal methods as landfilling and incineration are also environmentally harmful, frequently leading to soil/water contamination and the release of microplastics. To overcome these limitations, researchers have been investigating novel sustainable alternatives for plastic waste management, such as the use of microorganisms, microbial-based enzymes, and, more recently, some insect larvae, being <em>Galleria mellonella</em> and <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> the most promising ones. In this review, we explore different methods of plastic waste disposal focusing on recent discoveries regarding biological plastic degradation using insects as alternative methods. We also discuss the plastic degradation mechanisms employed by <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em> larvae known so far, as salivary enzymes and the pool of microorganisms in their gut. Finally, this review highlights key challenges in plastic biodegradation, such as standardization and experimental comparability, while proposing innovative perspectives like using insects as bioreactors and exploring unexplored research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178879"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178954
John Wheeler , Gabrielle P. Black , Michelle L. Hladik , Corey J. Sanders , Jennifer Teerlink , Luann Wong , Xuyang Zhang , Robert Budd , Thomas M. Young
Pesticides are prevalent in wastewater, yet few studies have measured pesticides in biosolids and aqueous media from samples collected concurrently. Seventeen California wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were sampled in May 2020. Biosolids samples were analyzed for 27 analytes, and paired aqueous samples (influent and effluent) were analyzed for 23 analytes. Analytes included fipronil and its transformation products (fiproles), pyrethroids, novaluron, and several other pesticides with down-the-drain transport potential. Of the 27 compounds analyzed in biosolids samples, 16 were detected in at least one sample, and 10 had a detection frequency (DF) of at least 25 %. Fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil were the most frequently detected fiproles (DF = 100 %, 94 %, and 67 %, respectively); permethrin was the most frequently detected pyrethroid (DF = 100 %), followed by bifenthrin (DF = 94 %), cyhalothrin (DF = 89 %), and etofenprox (DF = 78 %). To elucidate fipronil transformation pathways within the treatment system, data from the three sample types were compared; findings were generally consistent with transformation pathways reported previously (e.g., some fiproles were rarely detected in influent or biosolids, but frequently detected in effluent, indicating their formation during the treatment process). No correlations were found between WWTP characteristics and pesticide concentrations in biosolids. The fraction of organic carbon (fOC) of each biosolids sample was measured, and a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between fOC and some fiproles, but not fipronil; possible explanations are discussed. Additional analysis for two major agricultural pesticides (bifenthrin and permethrin) indicated that estimated mass loads of these pesticides in biosolids applied to land as a soil amendment are minimal (approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower) compared to inputs from agricultural applications. This study provides insight on the magnitude of pesticides entering the environment via land-applied biosolids; existing regulations surrounding agricultural pesticide applications are expected to also be protective of the relatively low inputs from biosolids.
{"title":"Characterizing pyrethroid and fipronil concentrations in biosolids","authors":"John Wheeler , Gabrielle P. Black , Michelle L. Hladik , Corey J. Sanders , Jennifer Teerlink , Luann Wong , Xuyang Zhang , Robert Budd , Thomas M. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are prevalent in wastewater, yet few studies have measured pesticides in biosolids and aqueous media from samples collected concurrently. Seventeen California wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were sampled in May 2020. Biosolids samples were analyzed for 27 analytes, and paired aqueous samples (influent and effluent) were analyzed for 23 analytes. Analytes included fipronil and its transformation products (fiproles), pyrethroids, novaluron, and several other pesticides with down-the-drain transport potential. Of the 27 compounds analyzed in biosolids samples, 16 were detected in at least one sample, and 10 had a detection frequency (DF) of at least 25 %. Fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil were the most frequently detected fiproles (DF = 100 %, 94 %, and 67 %, respectively); permethrin was the most frequently detected pyrethroid (DF = 100 %), followed by bifenthrin (DF = 94 %), cyhalothrin (DF = 89 %), and etofenprox (DF = 78 %). To elucidate fipronil transformation pathways within the treatment system, data from the three sample types were compared; findings were generally consistent with transformation pathways reported previously (e.g., some fiproles were rarely detected in influent or biosolids, but frequently detected in effluent, indicating their formation during the treatment process). No correlations were found between WWTP characteristics and pesticide concentrations in biosolids. The fraction of organic carbon (<em>f</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub>) of each biosolids sample was measured, and a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between <em>f</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub> and some fiproles, but not fipronil; possible explanations are discussed. Additional analysis for two major agricultural pesticides (bifenthrin and permethrin) indicated that estimated mass loads of these pesticides in biosolids applied to land as a soil amendment are minimal (approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower) compared to inputs from agricultural applications. This study provides insight on the magnitude of pesticides entering the environment via land-applied biosolids; existing regulations surrounding agricultural pesticide applications are expected to also be protective of the relatively low inputs from biosolids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178954"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178902
Facheng Guo , Guizhen Gao , Qian Sun , Liang Guo , Yaru Yang
Pine wood nematodes (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) cause widespread mortality in pine forests via pine wilt disease (PWD). The rapid death of diseased trees, which destroys biodiversity and significantly affects forest carbon storage, leading to negative environmental and economic consequences, as forests are crucial to the global carbon cycle. The interactions among PWN, hosts, and vector insects are closely linked to climate change. Climate warming has exacerbated changes in the geographic distribution of host tree species and vector insects, thereby increasing the rate and extent of PWD transmission. These interactions increase the risk of pine infection and can have far-reaching consequences for the health and stability of entire forest ecosystems. However, the global effects of climate change on these interactions are poorly understood. To fill this research gap and predict the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of PWNs and vector insects in pine forests, we used the biomod2 integrated model to forecast their potential geographic distributions by 2050, 2070, and 2090 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). We analysed vector dominance and risk zones and found that potentially suitable areas for PWNs could migrate to higher latitudes in the future. The dominant vector insects, Monochamus alternatus, Monochamus carolinensis, and Monochamus saltuarius, exhibited a high ecological niche similarity to PWNs and their populations should be controlled. Additionally, high-risk areas for abiotic factors (environmental similarity) and biotic factors (hosts and vectors) will greatly expand in North America and Europe. Areas already infested by PWN will become high-risk zones for the conversion of carbon sinks to carbon sources. The modeled changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of PWN, hosts, and vector insects in this study provide a reference for developing management and conservation strategies for ensuring PWN control and improving future forest health.
{"title":"Predicting high-risk zones for pine wood nematodes invasion: Integrating climate suitability, host availability, and vector dominance","authors":"Facheng Guo , Guizhen Gao , Qian Sun , Liang Guo , Yaru Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pine wood nematodes (PWN, <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>) cause widespread mortality in pine forests via pine wilt disease (PWD). The rapid death of diseased trees, which destroys biodiversity and significantly affects forest carbon storage, leading to negative environmental and economic consequences, as forests are crucial to the global carbon cycle. The interactions among PWN, hosts, and vector insects are closely linked to climate change. Climate warming has exacerbated changes in the geographic distribution of host tree species and vector insects, thereby increasing the rate and extent of PWD transmission. These interactions increase the risk of pine infection and can have far-reaching consequences for the health and stability of entire forest ecosystems. However, the global effects of climate change on these interactions are poorly understood. To fill this research gap and predict the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of PWNs and vector insects in pine forests, we used the biomod2 integrated model to forecast their potential geographic distributions by 2050, 2070, and 2090 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). We analysed vector dominance and risk zones and found that potentially suitable areas for PWNs could migrate to higher latitudes in the future. The dominant vector insects, <em>Monochamus alternatus</em>, <em>Monochamus carolinensis</em>, and <em>Monochamus saltuarius</em>, exhibited a high ecological niche similarity to PWNs and their populations should be controlled. Additionally, high-risk areas for abiotic factors (environmental similarity) and biotic factors (hosts and vectors) will greatly expand in North America and Europe. Areas already infested by PWN will become high-risk zones for the conversion of carbon sinks to carbon sources. The modeled changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of PWN, hosts, and vector insects in this study provide a reference for developing management and conservation strategies for ensuring PWN control and improving future forest health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178902"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178960
Justin Waraniak , Sarah Batchelor , Tyler Wagner , Jason Keagy
Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. Critically, such extreme weather events can be more important drivers of extirpation and selection than changes in annual or seasonal averages and they pose a particularly large threat to poikilothermic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of a coldwater adapted fish species, the eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), to two successive heatwaves during July and August 2022. We sampled brook trout at eight time points from four streams (N = 116 fish), sequenced mRNA from gill samples using TagSeq, and quantified expression levels of 32,670 unique transcripts. Multivariate analyses found that overall expression patterns in response to water temperature change were similar among streams. These analyses further detected groups of genes involved in immune response and oxygen carrier activity that were upregulated and downregulated respectively at higher water temperatures. We also detected 43 genes that were differentially expressed at different time points and followed the same expression pattern during the two heatwaves. Of these genes, 42 covaried with water temperature and most (27, 62.8 %) exhibited responses that varied by stream. Some of the differentially expressed genes, including heat shock proteins and cold-inducible RNA binding proteins, have been widely linked to temperature responses in experimental studies, whereas other genes we identified have functions that have not been well-studied in relationship to temperature or have unknown functions. This study shows the utility of landscape transcriptomic approaches to identify important biological processes governing wild organismal responses to short-term stressors. The results of this study can guide future investigations to identify phenotypic and genetic diversity that contribute to adaptive responses to heatwaves and improve predictions of how populations will respond to future climate change.
{"title":"Landscape transcriptomic analysis detects thermal stress responses and potential adaptive variation in wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during successive heatwaves","authors":"Justin Waraniak , Sarah Batchelor , Tyler Wagner , Jason Keagy","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. Critically, such extreme weather events can be more important drivers of extirpation and selection than changes in annual or seasonal averages and they pose a particularly large threat to poikilothermic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of a coldwater adapted fish species, the eastern brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>), to two successive heatwaves during July and August 2022. We sampled brook trout at eight time points from four streams (<em>N</em> = 116 fish), sequenced mRNA from gill samples using TagSeq, and quantified expression levels of 32,670 unique transcripts. Multivariate analyses found that overall expression patterns in response to water temperature change were similar among streams. These analyses further detected groups of genes involved in immune response and oxygen carrier activity that were upregulated and downregulated respectively at higher water temperatures. We also detected 43 genes that were differentially expressed at different time points and followed the same expression pattern during the two heatwaves. Of these genes, 42 covaried with water temperature and most (27, 62.8 %) exhibited responses that varied by stream. Some of the differentially expressed genes, including heat shock proteins and cold-inducible RNA binding proteins, have been widely linked to temperature responses in experimental studies, whereas other genes we identified have functions that have not been well-studied in relationship to temperature or have unknown functions. This study shows the utility of landscape transcriptomic approaches to identify important biological processes governing wild organismal responses to short-term stressors. The results of this study can guide future investigations to identify phenotypic and genetic diversity that contribute to adaptive responses to heatwaves and improve predictions of how populations will respond to future climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178931
Suraj Negi , Yu-Chi Cheng , Shan-Li Wang , Shuay-Tsyr Ho , Shu-Yuan Pan
Rice is a critical global staple food; however, its production is a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The burning of rice straw (RS), a byproduct of the harvest, further exacerbates global warming by emitting greenhouse gases and air pollutants, such as particulate matter, contributing to biodiversity loss and soil fertility degradation in agricultural areas. To explore the synergies of RS bioresources, this study systematically evaluates various RS management practices, including open burning, soil organic amendment, and bioenergy production, from the perspective of their lifecycle environmental and economic performance. This study considers all stages of rice production, including different irrigation systems such as conventional flooding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The findings indicate that replacing conventional flooding with AWD irrigation results in reduced lifecycle environmental impacts across all midpoint indicators. Specifically, AWD irrigation combined with RS used as soil amendments exhibits the lowest global warming potential, at −435.2 kg CO2eq per ton-RS. In terms of economic costs, the lifecycle costs across all scenarios range from approximately 91.7 to 186.9 USD per tonne of RS. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are conducted on RS portion allocation and transportation distance. The study also identifies the synergies between soil organic amendment and bioenergy production, leveraging global carbon pricing and feed-in tariffs, as crucial factors for optimizing both the environmental and economic performance of RS management. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of integrated RS management practices for achieving environmental sustainability and economic viability over the rice production lifecycle.
{"title":"Harvesting rice straw management synergies for lifecycle environmental and economic sustainability","authors":"Suraj Negi , Yu-Chi Cheng , Shan-Li Wang , Shuay-Tsyr Ho , Shu-Yuan Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is a critical global staple food; however, its production is a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The burning of rice straw (RS), a byproduct of the harvest, further exacerbates global warming by emitting greenhouse gases and air pollutants, such as particulate matter, contributing to biodiversity loss and soil fertility degradation in agricultural areas. To explore the synergies of RS bioresources, this study systematically evaluates various RS management practices, including open burning, soil organic amendment, and bioenergy production, from the perspective of their lifecycle environmental and economic performance. This study considers all stages of rice production, including different irrigation systems such as conventional flooding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The findings indicate that replacing conventional flooding with AWD irrigation results in reduced lifecycle environmental impacts across all midpoint indicators. Specifically, AWD irrigation combined with RS used as soil amendments exhibits the lowest global warming potential, at −435.2 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq per ton-RS. In terms of economic costs, the lifecycle costs across all scenarios range from approximately 91.7 to 186.9 USD per tonne of RS. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are conducted on RS portion allocation and transportation distance. The study also identifies the synergies between soil organic amendment and bioenergy production, leveraging global carbon pricing and feed-in tariffs, as crucial factors for optimizing both the environmental and economic performance of RS management. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of integrated RS management practices for achieving environmental sustainability and economic viability over the rice production lifecycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"969 ","pages":"Article 178931"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178945
Pierre Noiset , Madeleine Héger , Chloé Salmon , Peter Kwapong , Rofela Combey , Kumara Thevan , Natapot Warrit , Marcelo Rojas-Oropeza , Nathalie Cabirol , Carlos Zaragoza-Trello , Claus Rasmussen , Kiatoko Nkoba , Nicolas J. Vereecken
Stingless bee honey (SBH) is a prime natural product consumed and used for diverse medicinal and traditional purposes by local communities across the (sub-)tropics. Despite its ecological and cultural significance, the drivers of its compositional variation within and among species remain poorly understood, particularly throughout Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Addressing this issue at the global scale has the potential to inform broader and less explored eco-evolutionary and how variation in SBH across the (sub-)tropics has led human communities to develop diverse and sometimes specific patterns of practices that are now integral to their cultural and economic life.
In this study, we aimed to disentangle the roles of evolutionary and environmental drivers of SBH compositional variation using a sampling design that combines honey profiling by H1-NMR spectroscopy with the collection of honeys from honey bees and stingless bees at the global scale.
The results show a clear differentiation between the chemical composition and functional diversity of honey bee and stingless bee honeys, mainly due to the production of a range of bioproducts during sugar fermentation. The study of compositional variation of stingless bee honey showed that the role of ecological and evolutionary drivers and their joint effects varied within each tropical region, preventing the identification of a clear continental, phylogenetic or ecological pattern.
We provide the first global and comprehensive characterization of SBH composition, a prerequisite for defining and accepting SBH in the different Codex Alimentarius. We also highlight the need for more interdisciplinary and trans-sectoral research adopting a holistic approach to investigate stingless bee honey characteristics.
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