Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100321
Abinash Kumar, A. Jacob
Tissue engineering is a highly complex process with goals to replace, restore, and regenerate tissues. Tissue engineering combines multidisciplinary fields such as biochemistry, clinical medicine, biological science, and materials science. It has application in personalized drugs, organ transplantation, and as a drug transporter. The scaffold fabrication process for tissue engineering depends on numerous factors such as biodegradability, mechanical possessions, scaffold architecture, and manufacturing process. The scaffold properties based on its biological aspects, structural requirements, material composition, conventional and advanced fabrication technologies, and extrusion-based scaffold fabrication techniques are analyzed and discussed in the current review. Further studies for the development of bio-scaffolds will provide a broader roadway into a new dimension of various tissue engineering techniques and provide greater advancement in medical and clinical research.
{"title":"Techniques in scaffold fabrication process for tissue engineering applications: A review","authors":"Abinash Kumar, A. Jacob","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100321","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering is a highly complex process with goals to replace, restore, and regenerate tissues. Tissue engineering combines multidisciplinary fields such as biochemistry, clinical medicine, biological science, and materials science. It has application in personalized drugs, organ transplantation, and as a drug transporter. The scaffold fabrication process for tissue engineering depends on numerous factors such as biodegradability, mechanical possessions, scaffold architecture, and manufacturing process. The scaffold properties based on its biological aspects, structural requirements, material composition, conventional and advanced fabrication technologies, and extrusion-based scaffold fabrication techniques are analyzed and discussed in the current review. Further studies for the development of bio-scaffolds will provide a broader roadway into a new dimension of various tissue engineering techniques and provide greater advancement in medical and clinical research.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134436630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100314
T. Thirugnanam, Sayooj Madhusoodanan, Kirankumar Santhakumar
It was aimed to study the recusing effect of quercetin from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced locomotor behavior deficits in zebrafish larvae by analyzing the locomotor behavior. Zebrafish larvae are used as a model to induce Parkinson’s disease like locomotor phenotypes, by exposing MPP + , a metabolite of 1-methyl,4-phenyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, to the zebrafish larvae. Quercetin, a flavonoid possessing strong medicinal properties, was used to rescue zebrafish larvae from the locomotor defects caused by MPP + . The two critical parameters of locomotor behavior, viz. distance travelled and speed of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) of zebrafish larvae, were analyzed using a video capturing system, ImageJ and wrMTrck plugin. Two days of exposure to MPP + at 1 mM concentration reduced the distance travelled and movement speed in 5 dpf zebrafish larvae. Quercetin treatment of 12 μM concentration for 2 days significantly increased the distance travelled and movement of speed of MPP + -induced zebrafish larvae. Our study showed that 2 days of quercetin are required to completely rescue from MPP + -induced Parkinsonian-like motor defects.
{"title":"Quercetin rescues MPP+ –induced Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in zebrafish larvae","authors":"T. Thirugnanam, Sayooj Madhusoodanan, Kirankumar Santhakumar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100314","url":null,"abstract":"It was aimed to study the recusing effect of quercetin from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced locomotor behavior deficits in zebrafish larvae by analyzing the locomotor behavior. Zebrafish larvae are used as a model to induce Parkinson’s disease like locomotor phenotypes, by exposing MPP + , a metabolite of 1-methyl,4-phenyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, to the zebrafish larvae. Quercetin, a flavonoid possessing strong medicinal properties, was used to rescue zebrafish larvae from the locomotor defects caused by MPP + . The two critical parameters of locomotor behavior, viz. distance travelled and speed of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) of zebrafish larvae, were analyzed using a video capturing system, ImageJ and wrMTrck plugin. Two days of exposure to MPP + at 1 mM concentration reduced the distance travelled and movement speed in 5 dpf zebrafish larvae. Quercetin treatment of 12 μM concentration for 2 days significantly increased the distance travelled and movement of speed of MPP + -induced zebrafish larvae. Our study showed that 2 days of quercetin are required to completely rescue from MPP + -induced Parkinsonian-like motor defects.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biological architecture determining the post-embryonic development and traits is well programmed during the process of morphogenetic movements and organogenesis in the embryo. However, changes in the environmental temperature for a few hours, which is uncommon, affecting the embryo development, protein expression, and hatching of larvae in the Eri silkworm ( Samia cynthia ricini ) remain enigmatic. Hence, for the first time, the eggs of new Eri silkworm breed C2 were exposed to heat shock (HS) temperature of 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C for 2 hours not only to measure heat sensitivity but also to uncover differential expression of proteins in a different age of the embryo. Interestingly, the quantum of protein not only increased but also a differential expression of 70, 60, 45, 36, and 30 kDa proteins was obvious due to induction of HS. The induction of HS has shown a significant impact on embryonic development wherein 45°C is found to be lethal as none of the eggs hatched. On other hand, an improvement in the hatching was observed in the eggs HS at 40°C, which could be due to the expression of HS proteins (HSPs). Taken together, we suggest that hatching of the embryo is one of the key traits to determine tolerance potential of the silkworm strains/breeds to heat stress by expressing HSPs. Therefore, this strategy shall be followed for development of a new Eri silkworm breed with better acquired tolerance to high temperature suitable
{"title":"Changes in the embryonic protein profile and hatching as a response to thermal stress in the Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini","authors":"P.Lakshmi Punyavathi, Koushik Hullahalli Kumar, Sentimenla Moatemjen, LikhithGowda Mahadevegowda, Manjunatha H. Boregowda","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100316","url":null,"abstract":"The biological architecture determining the post-embryonic development and traits is well programmed during the process of morphogenetic movements and organogenesis in the embryo. However, changes in the environmental temperature for a few hours, which is uncommon, affecting the embryo development, protein expression, and hatching of larvae in the Eri silkworm ( Samia cynthia ricini ) remain enigmatic. Hence, for the first time, the eggs of new Eri silkworm breed C2 were exposed to heat shock (HS) temperature of 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C for 2 hours not only to measure heat sensitivity but also to uncover differential expression of proteins in a different age of the embryo. Interestingly, the quantum of protein not only increased but also a differential expression of 70, 60, 45, 36, and 30 kDa proteins was obvious due to induction of HS. The induction of HS has shown a significant impact on embryonic development wherein 45°C is found to be lethal as none of the eggs hatched. On other hand, an improvement in the hatching was observed in the eggs HS at 40°C, which could be due to the expression of HS proteins (HSPs). Taken together, we suggest that hatching of the embryo is one of the key traits to determine tolerance potential of the silkworm strains/breeds to heat stress by expressing HSPs. Therefore, this strategy shall be followed for development of a new Eri silkworm breed with better acquired tolerance to high temperature suitable","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100311
Maggalí González, Alberto Burgos-Edwards, Andrea Cáceres, N. Alvarenga
In this work, the chromatographic profile of the methanolic extract of Centratherum punctatum Cass. was determined by LC-MS. Also, the anthelmintic activity of the extract and its fractions was assayed against Eisenia fetida . Ultrasound-assisted maceration with methanol as solvent was used to obtain the crude extract. The extract was submitted to liquid–liquid partition with solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) for the obtention of the fractions. The crude extract and the fractions were assayed for anthelmintic activity using E. fetida as a model, being albendazole the positive control. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones were identified by LC-MS. The methanolic extract and the fractions showed a significant decrease in the times of paralysis and death compared to albendazole. These results suggest that the methanolic extract of C. punctatum and its fractions contain substances with potential anthelmintic activity. The plant could be a source of molecules useful for the development of new anthelmintic drugs.
{"title":"Chromatographic profiling and anthelmintic activity of solvent fractions of aerial parts of Centratherum punctatum Cass. against Eisenia fetida","authors":"Maggalí González, Alberto Burgos-Edwards, Andrea Cáceres, N. Alvarenga","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100311","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the chromatographic profile of the methanolic extract of Centratherum punctatum Cass. was determined by LC-MS. Also, the anthelmintic activity of the extract and its fractions was assayed against Eisenia fetida . Ultrasound-assisted maceration with methanol as solvent was used to obtain the crude extract. The extract was submitted to liquid–liquid partition with solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) for the obtention of the fractions. The crude extract and the fractions were assayed for anthelmintic activity using E. fetida as a model, being albendazole the positive control. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones were identified by LC-MS. The methanolic extract and the fractions showed a significant decrease in the times of paralysis and death compared to albendazole. These results suggest that the methanolic extract of C. punctatum and its fractions contain substances with potential anthelmintic activity. The plant could be a source of molecules useful for the development of new anthelmintic drugs.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100305
O. Atrooz, Shada Zaher Al-Maitah
The aqueous crude extract of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) was characterized for its antioxidant activity, total amounts of proteins, and phenol content. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters ( V max and K m ) of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the crude extract of purslane were analyzed in the presence of the heavy metals (HM) Cu and Zn. Results indicated that the crude extract of purslane contains 0.847 mg/ml amount of proteins and 107.88 mg/ml amount of phenolic compounds. The extract’s ability to scavenge free radicals was demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method,results, which showed 48.8% improvement over the control gallic acid. The optimal temperature for PPO activity was 40°C, and the optimal pH was 6.0. Moreover, results showed a high browning intensity after incubation for 100 minutes. Kinetic studies illustrated the marked effects of the HM Cu and Zn on the studied kinetic parameters of PPO by performing changes in the values of V max and K m . These HM can act as noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibitors on enzyme kinetics. In conclusion, depending on the type and concentration of Cu and Zn, the presence of these HM reduces PPO action. Further investigation is needed to show the effects of other HM on PPO activity in purslane extracts.
{"title":"Characterization of the crude extract of Portulaca oleracea and the determination of the polyphenol oxidase kinetics in the presence of Cu and Zn","authors":"O. Atrooz, Shada Zaher Al-Maitah","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100305","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous crude extract of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) was characterized for its antioxidant activity, total amounts of proteins, and phenol content. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters ( V max and K m ) of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the crude extract of purslane were analyzed in the presence of the heavy metals (HM) Cu and Zn. Results indicated that the crude extract of purslane contains 0.847 mg/ml amount of proteins and 107.88 mg/ml amount of phenolic compounds. The extract’s ability to scavenge free radicals was demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method,results, which showed 48.8% improvement over the control gallic acid. The optimal temperature for PPO activity was 40°C, and the optimal pH was 6.0. Moreover, results showed a high browning intensity after incubation for 100 minutes. Kinetic studies illustrated the marked effects of the HM Cu and Zn on the studied kinetic parameters of PPO by performing changes in the values of V max and K m . These HM can act as noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibitors on enzyme kinetics. In conclusion, depending on the type and concentration of Cu and Zn, the presence of these HM reduces PPO action. Further investigation is needed to show the effects of other HM on PPO activity in purslane extracts.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122686642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100303
Rupkatha Mukherjee, D. Bera
Asparaginase is widely used in food processing and pharmaceutical industries. It is produced by different types of microorganisms. Applications of this enzyme depend on its source and nature. Furthermore, economic viability depends on enzyme production by fermentation process. There is a need to search potent new microbial strains for higher asparaginase production. In this study, a potent bacterial strain was isolated from different soil samples and selected for maximum asparaginase production. It was identified following the Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and phylogenetic analysis by 16S rDNA nucleotide sequencing. The organism was found to be Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12. The environmental parameters for asparaginase production include pH (5–10), temperature (25–40°C), inoculum volume (1–10%), fermentation medium volume (25–125 mL), fermentation time (16–48 h), age of culture (16–30 h), and shaking RPM (80–140 rpm). The statistical techniques, Plackett–Burman (PB) design, and response surface methodology (RSM) were further used for the optimization process, using Minitab 18 software. PB design composed of 12 trials and resulted in three significant parameters such as medium volume, inoculum volume, and shaking speed. RSM was employed to detect the optimum conditions for asparaginase production. The maximum production of asparaginase was achieved at media as 50 mL; inoculum as 6%; and shaking RPM as 120 rpm. There is no literature available on the production of asparaginase by B. borstelensis ML12; thus, after characterization, it may be used in pharmaceutical and food processing industries.
{"title":"Statistical optimization of asparaginase production by a novel isolated bacterium Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12 using Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology","authors":"Rupkatha Mukherjee, D. Bera","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100303","url":null,"abstract":"Asparaginase is widely used in food processing and pharmaceutical industries. It is produced by different types of microorganisms. Applications of this enzyme depend on its source and nature. Furthermore, economic viability depends on enzyme production by fermentation process. There is a need to search potent new microbial strains for higher asparaginase production. In this study, a potent bacterial strain was isolated from different soil samples and selected for maximum asparaginase production. It was identified following the Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and phylogenetic analysis by 16S rDNA nucleotide sequencing. The organism was found to be Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12. The environmental parameters for asparaginase production include pH (5–10), temperature (25–40°C), inoculum volume (1–10%), fermentation medium volume (25–125 mL), fermentation time (16–48 h), age of culture (16–30 h), and shaking RPM (80–140 rpm). The statistical techniques, Plackett–Burman (PB) design, and response surface methodology (RSM) were further used for the optimization process, using Minitab 18 software. PB design composed of 12 trials and resulted in three significant parameters such as medium volume, inoculum volume, and shaking speed. RSM was employed to detect the optimum conditions for asparaginase production. The maximum production of asparaginase was achieved at media as 50 mL; inoculum as 6%; and shaking RPM as 120 rpm. There is no literature available on the production of asparaginase by B. borstelensis ML12; thus, after characterization, it may be used in pharmaceutical and food processing industries.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126156985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100325
Paras Sharma, G. Gupta
{"title":"Phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacognostic overview of Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier","authors":"Paras Sharma, G. Gupta","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129035600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100319
Edwina Kannan, Leela Palayian
An experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of leaf extract of Annona muricata (L.) on physiological and biochemical changes of Vigna radiata (L.) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Annona muricata inhibits and stimulates other plants’ growth, a phenomenon called “allelopathic effect.” Crude water extract of the leaves of A. muricata was treated on V. radiata and E. coracana in different concentrations such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, respectively. A control crop was treated with distilled water. The morphological and physiological effects on V. radiata and E. coracana were observed and recorded. Data were recorded on seed germination (after 10 days of seed sowing), growth, and biochemical composition (15 days old seedlings). Reduction in germination percentage of V. radiata and E. coracana was recorded using leaf extract of A. muricata . The outcome of this research work showed that the extracts from the leaves of the A. muricata plant inhibit and stimulate the growth and development of the test seedlings. The biochemical constituents of test seedlings, such as chl a, chl b, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, peroxidase, and catalase were observed. The extracts were absorbed through the roots of these plants, affecting physiological processes such as photosynthetic and transpiratory rates, stomatal closure, and reduced chlorophyll content, resulting in wilting, tissue maceration, and stunted growth. Between the two crops, more allelopathic effect was recorded in E. coracana . These results showed that there are differences in allelopathic inhibition and stimulation of crops.
{"title":"Allelopathic potential of Annona muricata (L.) on physiological and biochemical changes of Vigna radiata (L.) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn","authors":"Edwina Kannan, Leela Palayian","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100319","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of leaf extract of Annona muricata (L.) on physiological and biochemical changes of Vigna radiata (L.) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Annona muricata inhibits and stimulates other plants’ growth, a phenomenon called “allelopathic effect.” Crude water extract of the leaves of A. muricata was treated on V. radiata and E. coracana in different concentrations such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, respectively. A control crop was treated with distilled water. The morphological and physiological effects on V. radiata and E. coracana were observed and recorded. Data were recorded on seed germination (after 10 days of seed sowing), growth, and biochemical composition (15 days old seedlings). Reduction in germination percentage of V. radiata and E. coracana was recorded using leaf extract of A. muricata . The outcome of this research work showed that the extracts from the leaves of the A. muricata plant inhibit and stimulate the growth and development of the test seedlings. The biochemical constituents of test seedlings, such as chl a, chl b, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, peroxidase, and catalase were observed. The extracts were absorbed through the roots of these plants, affecting physiological processes such as photosynthetic and transpiratory rates, stomatal closure, and reduced chlorophyll content, resulting in wilting, tissue maceration, and stunted growth. Between the two crops, more allelopathic effect was recorded in E. coracana . These results showed that there are differences in allelopathic inhibition and stimulation of crops.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117239055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
hosphorus is the second most vital nutrient required by every existing live on the earth including plants and humans. It is structural element of the plants and humans DNA and RNA and it plays pivotal role such as cell division, and physiological responses. The deficiency of this nutrient may leads to serious problems like; apatite loss, bone pain in humans and growth stagnation in plants. Phosphorus, although is present in the earth in huge amount but not available for the plant and humans. The plant demand of phosphorus earlier fulfilled by using the chemically prepared phosphate fertilizers but its use generally has undesirable effect on the plants, humans and animals as well as environments. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms under the natural and stressed conditions could be alternative and eco-friendly approach for agro-environmental sustainability. These microorganisms solubilizes inorganic and organic phosphorus both through various mechanism such as production of organic acids, inorganic acid, H2S, siderophores and protons; excretion of extracellular enzymes; direct oxidation pathway and enzymatic actions. Microorganisms with phosphatesolubilizing activity have been reported from different phyla of all three domain eukarya, archaea, and bacteria from various natural as well as stressful environmental conditions.
{"title":"Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability","authors":"Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.103ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.103ed","url":null,"abstract":"hosphorus is the second most vital nutrient required by every existing live on the earth including plants and humans. It is structural element of the plants and humans DNA and RNA and it plays pivotal role such as cell division, and physiological responses. The deficiency of this nutrient may leads to serious problems like; apatite loss, bone pain in humans and growth stagnation in plants. Phosphorus, although is present in the earth in huge amount but not available for the plant and humans. The plant demand of phosphorus earlier fulfilled by using the chemically prepared phosphate fertilizers but its use generally has undesirable effect on the plants, humans and animals as well as environments. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms under the natural and stressed conditions could be alternative and eco-friendly approach for agro-environmental sustainability. These microorganisms solubilizes inorganic and organic phosphorus both through various mechanism such as production of organic acids, inorganic acid, H2S, siderophores and protons; excretion of extracellular enzymes; direct oxidation pathway and enzymatic actions. Microorganisms with phosphatesolubilizing activity have been reported from different phyla of all three domain eukarya, archaea, and bacteria from various natural as well as stressful environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100307
Kavyashree Doreswamy, P. Shenoy, Sneha Bhaskar, R. Kini, Shailasree Sekhar
Woodfordia fruticosa is reported to have ethnomedicinal values. As exploitation of the host on a large scale is detrimental, the authors attempted to look into its endophytes for secondary metabolites. Thus, the current investigation is directed at the fungal endophytes of the leaves identified based on morphotyping by microscopy and molecular typing by internal transcribed spacer–DNA sequences. Mucor sp. was identified as M. souzae by molecular typing and its ethyl acetate extract was screened for biological activities. The antioxidant capacity of the extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity with an IC 50 of 58.64 ± 4.38 μg/ml. Bactericidal property assayed by disk diffusion in antagonism to bacterial strains revealed a notable halt to their growth. Bacterial biofilm inhibition capacity stained by acridine orange and ethidium bromide imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the loss of microcolonies. HeLa cells subjected to M. souzae extract resulted in high degree of DNA fragmentation, revealing apparent apoptosis, and condensation of chromatin was recorded by confocal microscopy. Bioactive kaempferol and quercetin detected via thin-layer chromatography could support the biological activities. Thus, scrutiny on endophytes from untraversed plant with medicinal properties may guide researchers to the discovery of secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents with potential drug applications.
{"title":"Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) Kurz’s fungal endophyte Mucor souzae’s secondary metabolites, kaempferol and quercetin, bestow biological activities","authors":"Kavyashree Doreswamy, P. Shenoy, Sneha Bhaskar, R. Kini, Shailasree Sekhar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100307","url":null,"abstract":"Woodfordia fruticosa is reported to have ethnomedicinal values. As exploitation of the host on a large scale is detrimental, the authors attempted to look into its endophytes for secondary metabolites. Thus, the current investigation is directed at the fungal endophytes of the leaves identified based on morphotyping by microscopy and molecular typing by internal transcribed spacer–DNA sequences. Mucor sp. was identified as M. souzae by molecular typing and its ethyl acetate extract was screened for biological activities. The antioxidant capacity of the extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity with an IC 50 of 58.64 ± 4.38 μg/ml. Bactericidal property assayed by disk diffusion in antagonism to bacterial strains revealed a notable halt to their growth. Bacterial biofilm inhibition capacity stained by acridine orange and ethidium bromide imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the loss of microcolonies. HeLa cells subjected to M. souzae extract resulted in high degree of DNA fragmentation, revealing apparent apoptosis, and condensation of chromatin was recorded by confocal microscopy. Bioactive kaempferol and quercetin detected via thin-layer chromatography could support the biological activities. Thus, scrutiny on endophytes from untraversed plant with medicinal properties may guide researchers to the discovery of secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents with potential drug applications.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121305495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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