This paper investigates the economic growth response to public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Quarterly time-series data spanning 1981:Q1 to 2019:Q4, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin are used in the study. The structural vector auto-regressive method following Blanchard and Perrotti’s (2002) with Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips and Perron, and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin stationarity tests are employed in the paper. The results of the stationarity tests showed that all the model’s variables namely; real gross domestic product, public infrastructure expenditure, and government revenue became stationary after their first difference. However, the study extracted and classified the variance decomposition and impulse response functions into three regimes namely; short, medium, and long-term respectively. The findings reveal that in the short term, 10.5% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks while in the medium term, 29.7% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks, and in the long term, 42.6% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Economic growth responses to public infrastructure expenditure shocks were positive and statistically significant in the three regimes of short, medium, and long-term respectively. The study recommends that the federal government should concentrate more on reforms and spending policies that will result in the best possible policy and ultimately high and sustainable growth in Nigeria.
{"title":"How Does Economic Growth Respond to Public Infrastructure Expenditure Shocks? Evidence from SVAR in Nigeria","authors":"A. Badiru, Abdulsalam S. Ademola, Hussaini Dambo","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic growth response to public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Quarterly time-series data spanning 1981:Q1 to 2019:Q4, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin are used in the study. The structural vector auto-regressive method following Blanchard and Perrotti’s (2002) with Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips and Perron, and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin stationarity tests are employed in the paper. The results of the stationarity tests showed that all the model’s variables namely; real gross domestic product, public infrastructure expenditure, and government revenue became stationary after their first difference. However, the study extracted and classified the variance decomposition and impulse response functions into three regimes namely; short, medium, and long-term respectively. The findings reveal that in the short term, 10.5% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks while in the medium term, 29.7% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks, and in the long term, 42.6% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Economic growth responses to public infrastructure expenditure shocks were positive and statistically significant in the three regimes of short, medium, and long-term respectively. The study recommends that the federal government should concentrate more on reforms and spending policies that will result in the best possible policy and ultimately high and sustainable growth in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81887612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular in educational institutions worldwide. The aim is to familiarize students with the topic and potentially strengthen their desire to become entrepreneurs. Research has shown that a person’s behavior is influenced by their intention, which makes it essential for researchers to examine the factors that contribute to the development of intention. This research is focusing on how certain demographic factors can affect the desire of Nepali business students to become entrepreneurs. The study involved 343 MBA students from 13 business schools in Kathmandu City who were given a self-administered questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using Independent Sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. The demographic factors that were considered in the study include gender, age, marital status, working experience, and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings suggest that male students have a slightly greater inclination toward entrepreneurship. Age, marital status, and prior work experience show practically no impact. We also found no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings clearly contradict the currently available literature demonstrating the significance of all these influencing factors. The study provides possibilities for future studies and practical applications for policymakers and professionals in the field.
{"title":"Influence of Demographic Factors on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students in Nepal","authors":"K. Khanal, Bikram Prajapati","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a1","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular in educational institutions worldwide. The aim is to familiarize students with the topic and potentially strengthen their desire to become entrepreneurs. Research has shown that a person’s behavior is influenced by their intention, which makes it essential for researchers to examine the factors that contribute to the development of intention. This research is focusing on how certain demographic factors can affect the desire of Nepali business students to become entrepreneurs. The study involved 343 MBA students from 13 business schools in Kathmandu City who were given a self-administered questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using Independent Sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. The demographic factors that were considered in the study include gender, age, marital status, working experience, and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings suggest that male students have a slightly greater inclination toward entrepreneurship. Age, marital status, and prior work experience show practically no impact. We also found no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings clearly contradict the currently available literature demonstrating the significance of all these influencing factors. The study provides possibilities for future studies and practical applications for policymakers and professionals in the field.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005
Oldrich Kucera, B. Kadeřábková
This study thesis analyses the Starbucks business model in Prague and Richmond from the location perspective, focusing on the company’s consumers and their decision-making towards commuting to the stores. Using modified Salop’s circle model, the transportation costs of the average Starbucks consumer in both cities are calculated, explained, and compared. It is revealed that the average Starbucks consumer in Richmond bears, on average, 1.255x higher transportation costs than the one in Prague and is willing to travel 2.54x higher distances to purchase the average Starbucks product. In addition, after analyzing transportation costs, the study offers a real-life applicable business proposal for where to place a new Starbucks store in both cities, based on several techniques often used in business consulting for solving case studies. The suggested most suitable location for the new store in Prague is the Prague main railway station. In contrast, the best location in Richmond is the intersection of West Broad Street E and North Lombardy Street, close to Virginia Commonwealth University. The study’s main contribution is the inverting of Salop’s circle model and emphasizing transportation costs as an endogenous variable. In general terms, this study may guide spatial optimization in business strategies, from circular economy applications to strategic managerial decisions in locations with different consumer sensitivity to transportation costs.
{"title":"Consumers´ Decision-Making under Salop´s Model: Key Study on Starbucks Prague and Richmond business model","authors":"Oldrich Kucera, B. Kadeřábková","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study thesis analyses the Starbucks business model in Prague and Richmond from the location perspective, focusing on the company’s consumers and their decision-making towards commuting to the stores. Using modified Salop’s circle model, the transportation costs of the average Starbucks consumer in both cities are calculated, explained, and compared. It is revealed that the average Starbucks consumer in Richmond bears, on average, 1.255x higher transportation costs than the one in Prague and is willing to travel 2.54x higher distances to purchase the average Starbucks product. In addition, after analyzing transportation costs, the study offers a real-life applicable business proposal for where to place a new Starbucks store in both cities, based on several techniques often used in business consulting for solving case studies. The suggested most suitable location for the new store in Prague is the Prague main railway station. In contrast, the best location in Richmond is the intersection of West Broad Street E and North Lombardy Street, close to Virginia Commonwealth University. The study’s main contribution is the inverting of Salop’s circle model and emphasizing transportation costs as an endogenous variable. In general terms, this study may guide spatial optimization in business strategies, from circular economy applications to strategic managerial decisions in locations with different consumer sensitivity to transportation costs.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007
Emeka Nkoro, G. Otto
This study examined the impact of fiscal federalism on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2020 using annual time series. Both revenue and expenditure decentralization were used as measures of fiscal federalism. Analytically, the study employed the autoregressive distributed lag approach. The result reveals that in the long run, revenue and expenditure decentralization have a positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria, and many scholars have validated this finding. This finding shows that true fiscal federalism is better captured by both subnational revenue and expenditure decentralization. Given the finding, the study suggests that more fiscal power should be devolved to state and local governments in Nigeria through appropriate legislation.
{"title":"Fiscal Federalism and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis","authors":"Emeka Nkoro, G. Otto","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of fiscal federalism on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2020 using annual time series. Both revenue and expenditure decentralization were used as measures of fiscal federalism. Analytically, the study employed the autoregressive distributed lag approach. The result reveals that in the long run, revenue and expenditure decentralization have a positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria, and many scholars have validated this finding. This finding shows that true fiscal federalism is better captured by both subnational revenue and expenditure decentralization. Given the finding, the study suggests that more fiscal power should be devolved to state and local governments in Nigeria through appropriate legislation.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.002
Lukáš Bernat, Radka Michlová, H. Mitwallyová
The aim of the study is to find patterns in an exact complete data set containing the annual budget of all municipal subjects in the Czech Republic over the past 20 years. The focus of the analysis is on which resources could enable the development of and investment in municipal assets, especially estate property. The financial and real estate analysis (FAMA) method was chosen, which provides comparable indicators to calculate the debt service and other related features of subject performance on a municipal level. These indicators demonstrate whether municipal subjects follow responsible budgeting principles and/or how they utilize their own resources. Comparing similar studies using mentioned data and methodology there is a gap between context of data in time a relation chosen indicators. The reason of obstacle is to put data in time-series and properly analyze them. This appropriate items of indicators are aggregated so all the connections between them and other items are lost. In enormous amount of data study uses classification tools to unfold hidden patterns how does municipal budgeting develop in time without knowing details about each case in context of debt and assets. Study convert time dimension to static indicator of its dynamics a using pure K-Means classification conclude having 6 different clusters which differ each other in some of indicators. Within broader context of those clusters we propose an overview of municipal budgeting strategies. In big cities dominates financing of investment by debt and the rest of clusters differs usually significantly with small impact of their population size that is one of determinants budget income therefore essential budget part.
{"title":"Pattern classification on specifics of public sector investments and budgeting principles","authors":"Lukáš Bernat, Radka Michlová, H. Mitwallyová","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to find patterns in an exact complete data set containing the annual budget of all municipal subjects in the Czech Republic over the past 20 years. The focus of the analysis is on which resources could enable the development of and investment in municipal assets, especially estate property. The financial and real estate analysis (FAMA) method was chosen, which provides comparable indicators to calculate the debt service and other related features of subject performance on a municipal level. These indicators demonstrate whether municipal subjects follow responsible budgeting principles and/or how they utilize their own resources. Comparing similar studies using mentioned data and methodology there is a gap between context of data in time a relation chosen indicators. The reason of obstacle is to put data in time-series and properly analyze them. This appropriate items of indicators are aggregated so all the connections between them and other items are lost. In enormous amount of data study uses classification tools to unfold hidden patterns how does municipal budgeting develop in time without knowing details about each case in context of debt and assets. Study convert time dimension to static indicator of its dynamics a using pure K-Means classification conclude having 6 different clusters which differ each other in some of indicators. Within broader context of those clusters we propose an overview of municipal budgeting strategies. In big cities dominates financing of investment by debt and the rest of clusters differs usually significantly with small impact of their population size that is one of determinants budget income therefore essential budget part.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.003
K. Čermáková, E. Hromada, Ondřej Bednář, T. Pavelka
Within a broad discussion on property price formation and property market specifics this paper aims to investigate the relationship between property price trends and number of transactions occurred on housing market. Specifically, we test if housing transaction volumes and rents are good predictors of housing prices and discuss causalities and differences in this relationship on the sales and rental property markets. We bring evidence from selected European property markets about the relationship between property price trend and number of transactions occurring on this market. We argue that increased number of transactions is predictive of increase in property price, but prices tend to be rigid in the opposite (downward) direction. Thus, cooling down of demand for properties may rather decrease number of transactions than push down property prices. This appealing result may bring light into understanding why property prices appreciate across time and countries.
{"title":"REAL ESTATE MARKET AT A CROSSROAD - ERA OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IS GONE","authors":"K. Čermáková, E. Hromada, Ondřej Bednář, T. Pavelka","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Within a broad discussion on property price formation and property market specifics this paper aims to investigate the relationship between property price trends and number of transactions occurred on housing market. Specifically, we test if housing transaction volumes and rents are good predictors of housing prices and discuss causalities and differences in this relationship on the sales and rental property markets. We bring evidence from selected European property markets about the relationship between property price trend and number of transactions occurring on this market. We argue that increased number of transactions is predictive of increase in property price, but prices tend to be rigid in the opposite (downward) direction. Thus, cooling down of demand for properties may rather decrease number of transactions than push down property prices. This appealing result may bring light into understanding why property prices appreciate across time and countries.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.009
A. Zubikova, Kristýna Veselá, P. Smolák
This paper analyses an employment support programme – the Antivirus A Programme – implemented in the Czech Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed at maintaining a constant level of employment. We present this government programme in detail, including individual data related to its effectiveness and examine similar employment support programmes in other EU countries during the pandemic. We also analyse the economic development of sectors that received employment support. The main contribution of the paper is the creation of a counterfactual scenario of unemployment and inflation rate in the Czech Republic in the absence of the Antivirus A Programme using a short-run Phillips curve concept. According to Bajgar et al. (2021), one third of Czech workers could work from home during the pandemic. We find that if these workers had not been supported by the Antivirus A Programme, Czech taxpayers could have saved EUR 0.15 billion and inflation rate could have been reduced (based on our short-run Phillips curve model) by 0.66–0.99 p.p. for the entire duration of the Antivirus A Programme depending on the choice of assumptions related to the possibility of working from home.
{"title":"Evaluation Of The Antivirus A Programme In The Czech Republic During The COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Zubikova, Kristýna Veselá, P. Smolák","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses an employment support programme – the Antivirus A Programme – implemented in the Czech Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed at maintaining a constant level of employment. We present this government programme in detail, including individual data related to its effectiveness and examine similar employment support programmes in other EU countries during the pandemic. We also analyse the economic development of sectors that received employment support. The main contribution of the paper is the creation of a counterfactual scenario of unemployment and inflation rate in the Czech Republic in the absence of the Antivirus A Programme using a short-run Phillips curve concept. According to Bajgar et al. (2021), one third of Czech workers could work from home during the pandemic. We find that if these workers had not been supported by the Antivirus A Programme, Czech taxpayers could have saved EUR 0.15 billion and inflation rate could have been reduced (based on our short-run Phillips curve model) by 0.66–0.99 p.p. for the entire duration of the Antivirus A Programme depending on the choice of assumptions related to the possibility of working from home.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41472358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.006
D. Macek
The paper deals with the issue of selection procedures. The goal is to show how it is possible to incorporate a view of life cycle costs into the tender process, and not only deal with the aspect of investment costs. The paper is proposed by the Life Cycle Cost Inspector (LCCI). LCCI divides investment opportunities into individual components with their own operating characteristics and costs, allowing for a clear comparison of different investment alternatives. The tool considers acquisition costs, operating costs, and disposal costs over a specific period. LCCI also allows for reverse evaluation, where investment costs are modified based on efficiency. The tool's universality enables its use across various sectors, not just the construction industry. The author aims to shift public practice from tendering "on price" to "tendering on quality" by providing a simple methodology for comparing investment options based on the entire life cycle costs. The application is based on the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) standard issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).
{"title":"A Tool for Evaluating Public Procurement in the Context of Life Cycle Costs","authors":"D. Macek","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the issue of selection procedures. The goal is to show how it is possible to incorporate a view of life cycle costs into the tender process, and not only deal with the aspect of investment costs. The paper is proposed by the Life Cycle Cost Inspector (LCCI). LCCI divides investment opportunities into individual components with their own operating characteristics and costs, allowing for a clear comparison of different investment alternatives. The tool considers acquisition costs, operating costs, and disposal costs over a specific period. LCCI also allows for reverse evaluation, where investment costs are modified based on efficiency. The tool's universality enables its use across various sectors, not just the construction industry. The author aims to shift public practice from tendering \"on price\" to \"tendering on quality\" by providing a simple methodology for comparing investment options based on the entire life cycle costs. The application is based on the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) standard issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to analyse the crypto market in India from the viewpoint of consumers who could potentially trade in these markets and extend the extent of their behaviour to the importance of a regulatory body within the economy. The central idea of this paper is to estimate the importance of a central bank in the minds of people and how it affects their trust on a currency which is unregulated. This forms the first tier of the paper In order to get insight into the more technical dynamics of cryptocurrencies, the paper then studies cryptocurrency from the point of view of experts who explain the different dimensions of the crypto markets. This forms the second tier of the paper. The paper aims to analyse from the surveys conducted and the available literature, the nature of the crypto market in India with a more reporting approach than a problem-solving model. The research is based on primary data collected by means of surveys and structured interviews. These are termed as the two tiers in the paper. Using quantitative statistical analysis to find the common trend of the sample and a descriptive approach for the analysis of the interviews, the paper examines how the two tiers behave single-handedly and their dynamic when they interact.
{"title":"An Opinion-based research on Cryptocurrency and it's functioning in India.","authors":"Rahi Dhond, Shantanou Gangakhedkarr, Shreya Siddanagowder","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyse the crypto market in India from the viewpoint of consumers who could potentially trade in these markets and extend the extent of their behaviour to the importance of a regulatory body within the economy. The central idea of this paper is to estimate the importance of a central bank in the minds of people and how it affects their trust on a currency which is unregulated. This forms the first tier of the paper\u0000In order to get insight into the more technical dynamics of cryptocurrencies, the paper then studies cryptocurrency from the point of view of experts who explain the different dimensions of the crypto markets. This forms the second tier of the paper.\u0000The paper aims to analyse from the surveys conducted and the available literature, the nature of the crypto market in India with a more reporting approach than a problem-solving model.\u0000The research is based on primary data collected by means of surveys and structured interviews. These are termed as the two tiers in the paper. Using quantitative statistical analysis to find the common trend of the sample and a descriptive approach for the analysis of the interviews, the paper examines how the two tiers behave single-handedly and their dynamic when they interact.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44245379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.008
Tomislava Pavić Kramarić
This research aims to estimate the determinants of firm performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the sample of Slovenian non-financial listed firms operating in the period 2017 – 2021 is used. Firm performance is expressed with market-based as well as accounting-based performance measures, including Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE, while potential determinants encompass several firm-oriented variables. These are the firm size, liquidity expressed with the current ratio, leverage, tangibility, sales growth, age of the firm as well as COVID-19 dummy variable. The results of dynamic panel analysis disclose that liquidity, leverage, sales growth, and COVID-19 dummy are statistically significant in explaining firm performance. Specifically, liquidity and leverage are found to be significant in explaining Tobin's q, sales growth is a statistically significant determinant of both ROA and ROE while the latter is also negatively impacted by leverage and the COVID-19 dummy.
{"title":"Performance of Slovenian Listed Firms during COVID-19 Out-break","authors":"Tomislava Pavić Kramarić","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to estimate the determinants of firm performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the sample of Slovenian non-financial listed firms operating in the period 2017 – 2021 is used. Firm performance is expressed with market-based as well as accounting-based performance measures, including Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE, while potential determinants encompass several firm-oriented variables. These are the firm size, liquidity expressed with the current ratio, leverage, tangibility, sales growth, age of the firm as well as COVID-19 dummy variable. The results of dynamic panel analysis disclose that liquidity, leverage, sales growth, and COVID-19 dummy are statistically significant in explaining firm performance. Specifically, liquidity and leverage are found to be significant in explaining Tobin's q, sales growth is a statistically significant determinant of both ROA and ROE while the latter is also negatively impacted by leverage and the COVID-19 dummy.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47278261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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