Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.2.001
Mouldi Ben Amor
This study investigated both the cointegration and the causal nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and employment in the manufacturing and services sectors in Tunisia by employing the augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Our findings confirm a long-run relationship among the examined variables. Causality results indicated both short-run and long-run bidirectional causality between FDI and employment in the services sectors as well as between employment in the manufacturing and the services sectors. However, there is a unidirectional causality between FDI and employment in manufacturing running from FDI to employment in Manufacturing. These results are of particular interest and offer new perspectives and insight for new policies toward promoting and diversifying foreign investment as a critical contributor to the manufacturing sector's productive capacity and by extension to its employment level.
{"title":"Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment and Employment in Manufacturing and Services Sectors in Tunisia: An ARDL Approach","authors":"Mouldi Ben Amor","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated both the cointegration and the causal nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and employment in the manufacturing and services sectors in Tunisia by employing the augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Our findings confirm a long-run relationship among the examined variables. Causality results indicated both short-run and long-run bidirectional causality between FDI and employment in the services sectors as well as between employment in the manufacturing and the services sectors. However, there is a unidirectional causality between FDI and employment in manufacturing running from FDI to employment in Manufacturing. These results are of particular interest and offer new perspectives and insight for new policies toward promoting and diversifying foreign investment as a critical contributor to the manufacturing sector's productive capacity and by extension to its employment level.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.2.003
Lucie Kurekova, Klara Cermakova, Eduard Hromada, Bozena Kaderabkova
This paper examines the relationship between public funding in research and development (R&D) and the sustainable development outcomes within the European Union (EU) member states from 2000 to 2022. It investigates the allocation and effectiveness of public funding towards R&D in sustainable technologies and its alignment with the EU's strategic growth and sustainability goals. Through a mixed-method approach, including descriptive analysis, econometric modelling, and a review of pa-tents and scientific publications, the study addresses three core research questions: the extent of public R&D funding, the R&D outcomes in sustainable development, and the efficacy of recent EU public research funding in fostering innovation in sustainable technologies. The analysis reveals that while there is a positive correlation between targeted public expenditures and R&D outcomes, disparities exist among member states in terms of investment levels and innovation outputs. The paper also dis-cusses the implications of these findings in the context of the EU's broader sustainability objectives, including the European Green Deal, and suggests pathways for future research to enhance the impact of public R&D funding on sustainable development.
{"title":"Public funding in R&D and R&D outcome sustainable development: Analysis of Member States EU","authors":"Lucie Kurekova, Klara Cermakova, Eduard Hromada, Bozena Kaderabkova","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between public funding in research and development (R&D) and the sustainable development outcomes within the European Union (EU) member states from 2000 to 2022. It investigates the allocation and effectiveness of public funding towards R&D in sustainable technologies and its alignment with the EU's strategic growth and sustainability goals. Through a mixed-method approach, including descriptive analysis, econometric modelling, and a review of pa-tents and scientific publications, the study addresses three core research questions: the extent of public R&D funding, the R&D outcomes in sustainable development, and the efficacy of recent EU public research funding in fostering innovation in sustainable technologies. The analysis reveals that while there is a positive correlation between targeted public expenditures and R&D outcomes, disparities exist among member states in terms of investment levels and innovation outputs. The paper also dis-cusses the implications of these findings in the context of the EU's broader sustainability objectives, including the European Green Deal, and suggests pathways for future research to enhance the impact of public R&D funding on sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The economy of Pakistan is facing the problem of the persistent current account and the budget deficit in the past many years. This study addresses the important question of whether the budget deficit affects the current account components of the balance of payments, creating imbalances therein as well. The main objective of this research is to investigate the association between the budget and the current account deficit in Pakistan. The study has taken data from the period 1980-2021. Johansen’s cointegration approach has been applied to find the long-run association and the results imply a positive and considerable long-run association between budget deficit and current account deficit. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) specifies the convergence or deviation of the market in the short run to the long run. The finding shows that there is a long-run connection between the budget and the current account deficit. The study suggests that government should focus on a sound budgeting policy and focus to make exports more competitive in the foreign market.
{"title":"Twin Deficits Revisited: The Role of Fiscal Institutions in Pakistan","authors":"Sana Waheed, M. Akram","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a6","url":null,"abstract":"The economy of Pakistan is facing the problem of the persistent current account and the budget deficit in the past many years. This study addresses the important question of whether the budget deficit affects the current account components of the balance of payments, creating imbalances therein as well. The main objective of this research is to investigate the association between the budget and the current account deficit in Pakistan. The study has taken data from the period 1980-2021. Johansen’s cointegration approach has been applied to find the long-run association and the results imply a positive and considerable long-run association between budget deficit and current account deficit. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) specifies the convergence or deviation of the market in the short run to the long run. The finding shows that there is a long-run connection between the budget and the current account deficit. The study suggests that government should focus on a sound budgeting policy and focus to make exports more competitive in the foreign market.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A strong economy is the backbone of a strong nation. Pakistan has experienced security challenges since the beginning that has shifted its attention to defense, which diverted its focus from economic stability. And from the standpoint of independence, Pakistan has territorial disputes with neighboring countries such as Afghanistan and India. This has made it difficult for the country to maintain strong trade relations with them and has hindered diplomatic relations with Pakistan. Programs like China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have provided the country with an opportunity to improve its economic conditions. The CPEC can be a game changer for Pakistan. It is a project of regional connectivity, a part of China's Belt and Road initiative (BRI) This would assist not just Pakistan but also Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian countries and in some way Middle Eastern states. Under this program, these countries will have improved roads, railways, air transportation, and the frequent and free exchange of goods so that they will have open borders like European countries as a result of which Pakistan will have less security issues and more economic opportunities. Pakistan's current budget (2022-23) allocates 58 percent of its budget to loan repayment and defense, the remaining 42%(News, 2022) is very less for making the country stable or sustainable. The CPEC is a long-term program that will help Pakistan achieve economic and national stability and sustainability. The CPEC model is a win scenario that will result in a linked and integrated area that shares harmony and growth.
{"title":"China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Comprehensive Guide to Enhancing Economic and National Security, Stability, and Sustainability","authors":"Jana Awez, Tayyaba Khan, Areeba Falak","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a2","url":null,"abstract":"A strong economy is the backbone of a strong nation. Pakistan has experienced security challenges since the beginning that has shifted its attention to defense, which diverted its focus from economic stability. And from the standpoint of independence, Pakistan has territorial disputes with neighboring countries such as Afghanistan and India. This has made it difficult for the country to maintain strong trade relations with them and has hindered diplomatic relations with Pakistan. Programs like China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have provided the country with an opportunity to improve its economic conditions. The CPEC can be a game changer for Pakistan. It is a project of regional connectivity, a part of China's Belt and Road initiative (BRI) This would assist not just Pakistan but also Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian countries and in some way Middle Eastern states. Under this program, these countries will have improved roads, railways, air transportation, and the frequent and free exchange of goods so that they will have open borders like European countries as a result of which Pakistan will have less security issues and more economic opportunities. Pakistan's current budget (2022-23) allocates 58 percent of its budget to loan repayment and defense, the remaining 42%(News, 2022) is very less for making the country stable or sustainable. The CPEC is a long-term program that will help Pakistan achieve economic and national stability and sustainability. The CPEC model is a win scenario that will result in a linked and integrated area that shares harmony and growth.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83113685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Bernard Awono Mono, M. Ngadena, Jean Cedric Oyono, Alice Brondinne Singui Ndombi, Awah Manga Armel
The individual transition from unemployment to employment is conditioned by various elements. If some of them concern directly the individual characteristics of workers, while others implicate indeed their environment when searching for a job. The residential location, housing status, and high travel distances to each labor market area are factors that can influence the exit rate of unemployment. This paper aims to integrate, in a job search model with endogenous intensity, the spatial horizon of prospecting. This horizon is introduced through the prospecting distance, which influences both the arrival rate of offers and the search costs. The equilibrium properties of the model lead to an indeterminate effect of the prospecting distance on the unemployment duration. The micro econometric estimation of the structural model allows us to deal with this ambiguity. The method adopted takes into account not only the selection rule on access to employment but also the endogeneity of the choice of spatial mobility. Results highlight that the exit from unemployment is shorter as the prospecting distance increases, but the increase in this prospecting distance does not lead to a decrease in the reserve wage.
{"title":"Job Search, Spatial Constraints, and Unemployment Duration: An Empirical Analysis of the Cameroonian Case","authors":"Jean Bernard Awono Mono, M. Ngadena, Jean Cedric Oyono, Alice Brondinne Singui Ndombi, Awah Manga Armel","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a4","url":null,"abstract":"The individual transition from unemployment to employment is conditioned by various elements. If some of them concern directly the individual characteristics of workers, while others implicate indeed their environment when searching for a job. The residential location, housing status, and high travel distances to each labor market area are factors that can influence the exit rate of unemployment. This paper aims to integrate, in a job search model with endogenous intensity, the spatial horizon of prospecting. This horizon is introduced through the prospecting distance, which influences both the arrival rate of offers and the search costs. The equilibrium properties of the model lead to an indeterminate effect of the prospecting distance on the unemployment duration. The micro econometric estimation of the structural model allows us to deal with this ambiguity. The method adopted takes into account not only the selection rule on access to employment but also the endogeneity of the choice of spatial mobility. Results highlight that the exit from unemployment is shorter as the prospecting distance increases, but the increase in this prospecting distance does not lead to a decrease in the reserve wage.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74441013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of business managers in the furniture sector regarding the relationship between business success and personnel knowledge. To achieve this goal, the study will use a quantities research approach to collect data from business managers working in different furniture sector in District Chiniot, Lahore, and Gujrat. The study used a measurement technique called Likert scale and included a variable that cannot be directly observed, called a latent variable that’s why used statistical model called Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the findings of the study, certain factors have a significant impact on both personnel knowledge and business success. Specifically, the results indicated that management practices related to safety regulations, regulation laws, motivation of personnel, total quality management, product certification, and competitive positioning are highly correlated with personnel knowledge. This suggests that when these management practices are implemented effectively, employees are more likely to have the knowledge and skills necessary to perform their job duties efficiently, which can ultimately contribute to the success of the business. On the other hand, the study also found that factors such as new product development, sales abilities, total quality management, competitive positioning, and product pricing are highly associated with changes in business success. This means that when business focus on improving these areas, they are more likely to see positive changes in their overall success and performance. To begin an effort focused on enhancing skills, it is essential to first concentrate on owners by offering them excellent training services. These services should produce concrete improvements in productivity and illustrate the significance of skill improvement.
{"title":"Unlocking the Secret to Business Success: Analysing the Impact of Personnel Knowledge through Structural Equation Model","authors":"A. Hameed, T. Ali","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of business managers in the furniture sector regarding the relationship between business success and personnel knowledge. To achieve this goal, the study will use a quantities research approach to collect data from business managers working in different furniture sector in District Chiniot, Lahore, and Gujrat. The study used a measurement technique called Likert scale and included a variable that cannot be directly observed, called a latent variable that’s why used statistical model called Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the findings of the study, certain factors have a significant impact on both personnel knowledge and business success. Specifically, the results indicated that management practices related to safety regulations, regulation laws, motivation of personnel, total quality management, product certification, and competitive positioning are highly correlated with personnel knowledge. This suggests that when these management practices are implemented effectively, employees are more likely to have the knowledge and skills necessary to perform their job duties efficiently, which can ultimately contribute to the success of the business. On the other hand, the study also found that factors such as new product development, sales abilities, total quality management, competitive positioning, and product pricing are highly associated with changes in business success. This means that when business focus on improving these areas, they are more likely to see positive changes in their overall success and performance. To begin an effort focused on enhancing skills, it is essential to first concentrate on owners by offering them excellent training services. These services should produce concrete improvements in productivity and illustrate the significance of skill improvement.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77418283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the economic growth response to public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Quarterly time-series data spanning 1981:Q1 to 2019:Q4, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin are used in the study. The structural vector auto-regressive method following Blanchard and Perrotti’s (2002) with Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips and Perron, and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin stationarity tests are employed in the paper. The results of the stationarity tests showed that all the model’s variables namely; real gross domestic product, public infrastructure expenditure, and government revenue became stationary after their first difference. However, the study extracted and classified the variance decomposition and impulse response functions into three regimes namely; short, medium, and long-term respectively. The findings reveal that in the short term, 10.5% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks while in the medium term, 29.7% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks, and in the long term, 42.6% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Economic growth responses to public infrastructure expenditure shocks were positive and statistically significant in the three regimes of short, medium, and long-term respectively. The study recommends that the federal government should concentrate more on reforms and spending policies that will result in the best possible policy and ultimately high and sustainable growth in Nigeria.
{"title":"How Does Economic Growth Respond to Public Infrastructure Expenditure Shocks? Evidence from SVAR in Nigeria","authors":"A. Badiru, Abdulsalam S. Ademola, Hussaini Dambo","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic growth response to public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Quarterly time-series data spanning 1981:Q1 to 2019:Q4, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin are used in the study. The structural vector auto-regressive method following Blanchard and Perrotti’s (2002) with Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips and Perron, and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin stationarity tests are employed in the paper. The results of the stationarity tests showed that all the model’s variables namely; real gross domestic product, public infrastructure expenditure, and government revenue became stationary after their first difference. However, the study extracted and classified the variance decomposition and impulse response functions into three regimes namely; short, medium, and long-term respectively. The findings reveal that in the short term, 10.5% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks while in the medium term, 29.7% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks, and in the long term, 42.6% variations in economic growth were associated with public infrastructure expenditure shocks in Nigeria. Economic growth responses to public infrastructure expenditure shocks were positive and statistically significant in the three regimes of short, medium, and long-term respectively. The study recommends that the federal government should concentrate more on reforms and spending policies that will result in the best possible policy and ultimately high and sustainable growth in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81887612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular in educational institutions worldwide. The aim is to familiarize students with the topic and potentially strengthen their desire to become entrepreneurs. Research has shown that a person’s behavior is influenced by their intention, which makes it essential for researchers to examine the factors that contribute to the development of intention. This research is focusing on how certain demographic factors can affect the desire of Nepali business students to become entrepreneurs. The study involved 343 MBA students from 13 business schools in Kathmandu City who were given a self-administered questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using Independent Sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. The demographic factors that were considered in the study include gender, age, marital status, working experience, and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings suggest that male students have a slightly greater inclination toward entrepreneurship. Age, marital status, and prior work experience show practically no impact. We also found no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings clearly contradict the currently available literature demonstrating the significance of all these influencing factors. The study provides possibilities for future studies and practical applications for policymakers and professionals in the field.
{"title":"Influence of Demographic Factors on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students in Nepal","authors":"K. Khanal, Bikram Prajapati","doi":"10.55603/jes.v2i1.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a1","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular in educational institutions worldwide. The aim is to familiarize students with the topic and potentially strengthen their desire to become entrepreneurs. Research has shown that a person’s behavior is influenced by their intention, which makes it essential for researchers to examine the factors that contribute to the development of intention. This research is focusing on how certain demographic factors can affect the desire of Nepali business students to become entrepreneurs. The study involved 343 MBA students from 13 business schools in Kathmandu City who were given a self-administered questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using Independent Sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. The demographic factors that were considered in the study include gender, age, marital status, working experience, and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings suggest that male students have a slightly greater inclination toward entrepreneurship. Age, marital status, and prior work experience show practically no impact. We also found no relationship between entrepreneurial intention and prior exposure to entrepreneurship courses. The findings clearly contradict the currently available literature demonstrating the significance of all these influencing factors. The study provides possibilities for future studies and practical applications for policymakers and professionals in the field.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007
Emeka Nkoro, G. Otto
This study examined the impact of fiscal federalism on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2020 using annual time series. Both revenue and expenditure decentralization were used as measures of fiscal federalism. Analytically, the study employed the autoregressive distributed lag approach. The result reveals that in the long run, revenue and expenditure decentralization have a positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria, and many scholars have validated this finding. This finding shows that true fiscal federalism is better captured by both subnational revenue and expenditure decentralization. Given the finding, the study suggests that more fiscal power should be devolved to state and local governments in Nigeria through appropriate legislation.
{"title":"Fiscal Federalism and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis","authors":"Emeka Nkoro, G. Otto","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of fiscal federalism on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2020 using annual time series. Both revenue and expenditure decentralization were used as measures of fiscal federalism. Analytically, the study employed the autoregressive distributed lag approach. The result reveals that in the long run, revenue and expenditure decentralization have a positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria, and many scholars have validated this finding. This finding shows that true fiscal federalism is better captured by both subnational revenue and expenditure decentralization. Given the finding, the study suggests that more fiscal power should be devolved to state and local governments in Nigeria through appropriate legislation.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005
Oldrich Kucera, B. Kadeřábková
This study thesis analyses the Starbucks business model in Prague and Richmond from the location perspective, focusing on the company’s consumers and their decision-making towards commuting to the stores. Using modified Salop’s circle model, the transportation costs of the average Starbucks consumer in both cities are calculated, explained, and compared. It is revealed that the average Starbucks consumer in Richmond bears, on average, 1.255x higher transportation costs than the one in Prague and is willing to travel 2.54x higher distances to purchase the average Starbucks product. In addition, after analyzing transportation costs, the study offers a real-life applicable business proposal for where to place a new Starbucks store in both cities, based on several techniques often used in business consulting for solving case studies. The suggested most suitable location for the new store in Prague is the Prague main railway station. In contrast, the best location in Richmond is the intersection of West Broad Street E and North Lombardy Street, close to Virginia Commonwealth University. The study’s main contribution is the inverting of Salop’s circle model and emphasizing transportation costs as an endogenous variable. In general terms, this study may guide spatial optimization in business strategies, from circular economy applications to strategic managerial decisions in locations with different consumer sensitivity to transportation costs.
{"title":"Consumers´ Decision-Making under Salop´s Model: Key Study on Starbucks Prague and Richmond business model","authors":"Oldrich Kucera, B. Kadeřábková","doi":"10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2023.12.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study thesis analyses the Starbucks business model in Prague and Richmond from the location perspective, focusing on the company’s consumers and their decision-making towards commuting to the stores. Using modified Salop’s circle model, the transportation costs of the average Starbucks consumer in both cities are calculated, explained, and compared. It is revealed that the average Starbucks consumer in Richmond bears, on average, 1.255x higher transportation costs than the one in Prague and is willing to travel 2.54x higher distances to purchase the average Starbucks product. In addition, after analyzing transportation costs, the study offers a real-life applicable business proposal for where to place a new Starbucks store in both cities, based on several techniques often used in business consulting for solving case studies. The suggested most suitable location for the new store in Prague is the Prague main railway station. In contrast, the best location in Richmond is the intersection of West Broad Street E and North Lombardy Street, close to Virginia Commonwealth University. The study’s main contribution is the inverting of Salop’s circle model and emphasizing transportation costs as an endogenous variable. In general terms, this study may guide spatial optimization in business strategies, from circular economy applications to strategic managerial decisions in locations with different consumer sensitivity to transportation costs.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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