Pancreatic pseudocysts represent a complication of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with a frequency of about 10–20%, and most of these resolve spontaneously. Treatment is indicated only in patients who develop symptoms such as abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, jaundice for compression of the biliary system, or in case of infection. Pancreatic pseudocysts’ complications include pseudocyst infection leading to sepsis, rupture with pancreatic ascites, bleeding or formation of pseudoaneurysm, and, rarely, fistulization to other viscera. The most common sites for fistulas are between cysts and the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Here, we present the case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis who developed multiple infected fluid collections with a cysto-duodenum fistula that was successfully treated with endoscopic intervention.
{"title":"Successful Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysto-Duodenum Fistula with Ultrasound Endoscopic Drainage: A Case Report","authors":"B. Lattanzi, I. Febbraro, E. Pironti, M. Bianchi","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2040040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2040040","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic pseudocysts represent a complication of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with a frequency of about 10–20%, and most of these resolve spontaneously. Treatment is indicated only in patients who develop symptoms such as abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, jaundice for compression of the biliary system, or in case of infection. Pancreatic pseudocysts’ complications include pseudocyst infection leading to sepsis, rupture with pancreatic ascites, bleeding or formation of pseudoaneurysm, and, rarely, fistulization to other viscera. The most common sites for fistulas are between cysts and the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Here, we present the case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis who developed multiple infected fluid collections with a cysto-duodenum fistula that was successfully treated with endoscopic intervention.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80766710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bushell, F. Kunc, X. Du, A. Zborowski, L. Johnston, D. Kennedy
Cerium oxide nanoparticles are promising materials as novel nanoscale therapeutics and are commonly used materials in industrial processes. Most cytotoxicity studies on cerium oxide nanoparticles are made from in-lab prepared materials making comparison between studies challenging, especially when performed on unique cell lines under non-standard conditions. Using commercially available nanoparticles we show that particle stability/agglomeration may be critical in determining the cytotoxicity in some cell lines, while in other cell lines, larger sized primary particles are linked to higher cytotoxicity, contrasting what has been reported in the literature for smaller cerium nanoparticles. To accelerate the development of cerium oxide enabled commercial processes and biomedical innovations, a clearer understanding of the interactions between cerium oxide nanoparticles and cells is needed to better understand their fate in and impact on biological systems.
{"title":"Characterization of Engineered Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Lung and Macrophage Cells","authors":"M. Bushell, F. Kunc, X. Du, A. Zborowski, L. Johnston, D. Kennedy","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2040039","url":null,"abstract":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles are promising materials as novel nanoscale therapeutics and are commonly used materials in industrial processes. Most cytotoxicity studies on cerium oxide nanoparticles are made from in-lab prepared materials making comparison between studies challenging, especially when performed on unique cell lines under non-standard conditions. Using commercially available nanoparticles we show that particle stability/agglomeration may be critical in determining the cytotoxicity in some cell lines, while in other cell lines, larger sized primary particles are linked to higher cytotoxicity, contrasting what has been reported in the literature for smaller cerium nanoparticles. To accelerate the development of cerium oxide enabled commercial processes and biomedical innovations, a clearer understanding of the interactions between cerium oxide nanoparticles and cells is needed to better understand their fate in and impact on biological systems.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82313427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been an alternative technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of active molecules with low water solubility. In this study, HME-Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) was prepared to increase the aqueous solubility of decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), the active ingredients of AGN. Compared with unprocessed AGN, HME-AGN showed enhanced water solubility of D and DA. The HME-AGN exhibited improved antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antifungal activity was confirmed against Candida albicans (C. albicans). There was a decrease in CFU in the plate treated with the HME-AGN extract compared with the plate treated with the AGN extract, and F2 showed the highest antifungal activity.
{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Angelica gigas with Enhanced Water Solubility of Decursin and Decursinol Angelate by Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology against Candida albicans","authors":"Suji Ryu, Ha Yeon Lee, S. Nam, Jong-Suep Baek","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2040038","url":null,"abstract":"Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been an alternative technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of active molecules with low water solubility. In this study, HME-Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) was prepared to increase the aqueous solubility of decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), the active ingredients of AGN. Compared with unprocessed AGN, HME-AGN showed enhanced water solubility of D and DA. The HME-AGN exhibited improved antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antifungal activity was confirmed against Candida albicans (C. albicans). There was a decrease in CFU in the plate treated with the HME-AGN extract compared with the plate treated with the AGN extract, and F2 showed the highest antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Revel-Vilk, G. Chodick, V. Shalev, Roni Lotan, K. Zarakowska, N. Gadir
Early and accurate diagnosis of Gaucher disease, a rare, autosomal recessive condition characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, is essential to facilitate earlier decision-making and prevent unnecessary tests and procedures. However, diagnosis can be challenging for non-specialists, owing to a wide variability in age, severity of disease, and types of clinical manifestation. The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) scoring system was developed by a panel of 22 expert physicians using Delphi methodology on the signs and covariables considered important for diagnosing Gaucher disease. This study aimed to use the scoring system in a real-world dataset. We applied the GED-C scoring system to 265 confirmed cases of Gaucher disease identified in the Maccabi Health Services (MHS) database from 1998 to 2022. Overall Delphi scores were calculated using features applicable to type 1 Gaucher disease. Based on all available patient data up to one year after diagnosis, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) Delphi score was 8.0 (5.5–11.5), with patients reporting up to 15 variables each. A score of 9.5 (6.5–12.5) was determined for 205 patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2022. The overall GED-C score was highly dependent on the extraction of all relevant data. The number of features collected in the MHS database was fewer than those required to achieve a high score on the GED-C score.
{"title":"Using the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) Delphi Score in a Real-World Dataset","authors":"S. Revel-Vilk, G. Chodick, V. Shalev, Roni Lotan, K. Zarakowska, N. Gadir","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030037","url":null,"abstract":"Early and accurate diagnosis of Gaucher disease, a rare, autosomal recessive condition characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, is essential to facilitate earlier decision-making and prevent unnecessary tests and procedures. However, diagnosis can be challenging for non-specialists, owing to a wide variability in age, severity of disease, and types of clinical manifestation. The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) scoring system was developed by a panel of 22 expert physicians using Delphi methodology on the signs and covariables considered important for diagnosing Gaucher disease. This study aimed to use the scoring system in a real-world dataset. We applied the GED-C scoring system to 265 confirmed cases of Gaucher disease identified in the Maccabi Health Services (MHS) database from 1998 to 2022. Overall Delphi scores were calculated using features applicable to type 1 Gaucher disease. Based on all available patient data up to one year after diagnosis, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) Delphi score was 8.0 (5.5–11.5), with patients reporting up to 15 variables each. A score of 9.5 (6.5–12.5) was determined for 205 patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2022. The overall GED-C score was highly dependent on the extraction of all relevant data. The number of features collected in the MHS database was fewer than those required to achieve a high score on the GED-C score.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86051126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression is a prevalent and debilitating disease worldwide. This pathology is very complex and the lack of efficient therapeutic modalities, as well as the high rates of relapse, makes the study and treatment of depression a global healthcare challenge. Thus, an intense investigation of this disease is crucial and urgent. In this study, we focused on hydrogen peroxide and corticosterone-induced stress on SH-SY5Y and HT-22 cells. Additionally, we aimed to study the potential attenuation of these induced stress with the exposure of both cells to mirtazapine and L-tryptophan, focusing on cell viability assays (MTT and Neutral Red) and reactive oxygen species production assays (DCFDA fluorescence). Taken together, our results indicate that mirtazapine and L-tryptophan counteract the cellular stress induced by hydrogen peroxide but not by corticosterone, revealing a potential role of these agents on oxidative stress relief, highlighting the role of serotonergic pathways in the oxidative stress present in depressed individuals. This study allows the investigation of depression using cellular models, enabling the screening of compounds that may have potential to be used in the treatment of depression by acting on cellular mechanisms such as oxidative stress protection.
{"title":"Significant Differences in the Reversal of Cellular Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide and Corticosterone by the Application of Mirtazapine or L-Tryptophan","authors":"A. Correia, A. Cardoso, N. Vale","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030036","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a prevalent and debilitating disease worldwide. This pathology is very complex and the lack of efficient therapeutic modalities, as well as the high rates of relapse, makes the study and treatment of depression a global healthcare challenge. Thus, an intense investigation of this disease is crucial and urgent. In this study, we focused on hydrogen peroxide and corticosterone-induced stress on SH-SY5Y and HT-22 cells. Additionally, we aimed to study the potential attenuation of these induced stress with the exposure of both cells to mirtazapine and L-tryptophan, focusing on cell viability assays (MTT and Neutral Red) and reactive oxygen species production assays (DCFDA fluorescence). Taken together, our results indicate that mirtazapine and L-tryptophan counteract the cellular stress induced by hydrogen peroxide but not by corticosterone, revealing a potential role of these agents on oxidative stress relief, highlighting the role of serotonergic pathways in the oxidative stress present in depressed individuals. This study allows the investigation of depression using cellular models, enabling the screening of compounds that may have potential to be used in the treatment of depression by acting on cellular mechanisms such as oxidative stress protection.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72391893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mizrahi, F. Jauréguy, H. Petit, G. Péan de Ponfilly, E. Carbonnelle, A. Le Monnier, J. Zahar, B. Pilmis
Background: Sepsis caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli lead physicians to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, such as carbapenems. Rapid susceptibility testing can help with the rational use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to measure the clinical impact associated with rapid reporting of Beta-Lacta test (BLT) directly on blood cultures positive with Gram-negative bacilli. Methods: In an observational, multicentric, prospective study, we included patients with sepsis caused by Enterobacterales observed on Gram staining of the positive blood cultures. BLT and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed directly on the blood cultures. Clinical impact was measured on the proportion of patients for whom the probabilistic antibiotic therapy was modified according to BLT, including patients receiving carbapenem. Results: 170 patients were included, of whom 44 (25.9%) were receiving inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy. Among them, 27 (15.9%) benefited from an early modification, according to the BLT results. Among 126 (74.1%) patients receiving appropriate probabilistic antibiotic therapy, we modified the antibiotic therapy for 28 (16.5%) of them, including 4/14 (28.5%) de-escalation from carbapenem to a third-generation cephalosporin. Conclusions: Implementation of BLT performed directly on blood cultures allowed us to rapidly modify the empirical antibiotic therapy for about one-third of patients with sepsis caused by Enterobacterales.
{"title":"Early Empirical Antibiotic Therapy Modification in Sepsis Using Beta-Lacta Test Directly on Blood Cultures","authors":"A. Mizrahi, F. Jauréguy, H. Petit, G. Péan de Ponfilly, E. Carbonnelle, A. Le Monnier, J. Zahar, B. Pilmis","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli lead physicians to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, such as carbapenems. Rapid susceptibility testing can help with the rational use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to measure the clinical impact associated with rapid reporting of Beta-Lacta test (BLT) directly on blood cultures positive with Gram-negative bacilli. Methods: In an observational, multicentric, prospective study, we included patients with sepsis caused by Enterobacterales observed on Gram staining of the positive blood cultures. BLT and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed directly on the blood cultures. Clinical impact was measured on the proportion of patients for whom the probabilistic antibiotic therapy was modified according to BLT, including patients receiving carbapenem. Results: 170 patients were included, of whom 44 (25.9%) were receiving inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy. Among them, 27 (15.9%) benefited from an early modification, according to the BLT results. Among 126 (74.1%) patients receiving appropriate probabilistic antibiotic therapy, we modified the antibiotic therapy for 28 (16.5%) of them, including 4/14 (28.5%) de-escalation from carbapenem to a third-generation cephalosporin. Conclusions: Implementation of BLT performed directly on blood cultures allowed us to rapidly modify the empirical antibiotic therapy for about one-third of patients with sepsis caused by Enterobacterales.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81687125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite significant advances in the understanding of cancer biology, cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Expression of the tumor microenvironment component, osteopontin, in tumor tissues, plasma, and serum, has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis and survival rate in various human cancers. Recent studies suggest that osteopontin drives tumor development and aggressiveness using various strategies. In this review, we first provide an overview of how osteopontin promotes tumor progression, such as tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation, as well as metastasis and chemoresistance. Next, we address how the functional activities of osteopontin are modulated by the interaction with integrins and CD44 receptors, but also by the post-translational modification, such as proteolytic processing by several proteases, phosphorylation, and glycosylation. Then, we review how osteopontin activates tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and functions as an immunosuppressor by regulating immune surveillance and immune checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of osteopontin as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target.
{"title":"Osteopontin in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets","authors":"Y. Kariya, Yukiko Kariya","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030033","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant advances in the understanding of cancer biology, cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Expression of the tumor microenvironment component, osteopontin, in tumor tissues, plasma, and serum, has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis and survival rate in various human cancers. Recent studies suggest that osteopontin drives tumor development and aggressiveness using various strategies. In this review, we first provide an overview of how osteopontin promotes tumor progression, such as tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation, as well as metastasis and chemoresistance. Next, we address how the functional activities of osteopontin are modulated by the interaction with integrins and CD44 receptors, but also by the post-translational modification, such as proteolytic processing by several proteases, phosphorylation, and glycosylation. Then, we review how osteopontin activates tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and functions as an immunosuppressor by regulating immune surveillance and immune checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of osteopontin as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80024807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pusalavidyasagar, L. B. Hovde, Jessie E Lee, Lei Zhang, A. Abbasi, Reena V. Kartha
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nitric oxide (NO) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) affect vascular tone and are vasoprotective. Furthermore, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an HO-1 inducer, is known to be a major effector molecule driving apneas. This study was conducted to examine the molecular relationships between these gasotransmitters and HO-1 in patients with OSA. Individuals who presented for evaluation for possible OSA were recruited and underwent overnight polysomnography. Individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of >5 per hour (OSA diagnosis) were considered cases (n = 19), while those with an AHI of <5 per hour (n = 6) were the controls. Blood samples were obtained before sleep and again from OSA cases prior to initiating treatment. H2S, NO, and HO-1 levels were assayed. Patients with OSA showed lower NO and H2S levels at baseline compared to controls. NO levels further decreased significantly from baseline in patients at the time of OSA diagnosis, while H2S levels largely showed an increasing trend, which was observed only when the subjects showing a baseline H2S level of >0.5 μM were excluded. Interestingly, analysis of HO-1 did not show a significant change from baseline, confirming the inverse relationship between the two gasotransmitters. The alterations in the bioavailability of endogenous H2S and its molecular interactions with NO and HO-1 regulating vascular tone may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD in OSA patients.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者患心血管疾病(CVD)的风险增加。一氧化氮(NO)和血红素氧化酶-1 (HO-1)影响血管张力并具有血管保护作用。此外，已知硫化氢(H2S)是一种HO-1诱导剂，是驱动呼吸暂停的主要效应分子。本研究旨在探讨OSA患者中这些气体递质与HO-1之间的分子关系。研究人员招募了可能患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患者，并对他们进行了夜间多导睡眠描记术。呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)为0.5 μM / h (OSA诊断)的个体被视为病例(n = 19)，而AHI为0.5 μM的个体被排除在外。有趣的是，对HO-1的分析没有显示出与基线相比的显著变化，证实了两种气体递质之间的反比关系。内源性H2S生物利用度的改变及其与NO和HO-1调节血管张力的分子相互作用可能在OSA患者CVD发病机制中发挥作用。
{"title":"Molecular Interactions between Gasotransmitters in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"S. Pusalavidyasagar, L. B. Hovde, Jessie E Lee, Lei Zhang, A. Abbasi, Reena V. Kartha","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030032","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nitric oxide (NO) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) affect vascular tone and are vasoprotective. Furthermore, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an HO-1 inducer, is known to be a major effector molecule driving apneas. This study was conducted to examine the molecular relationships between these gasotransmitters and HO-1 in patients with OSA. Individuals who presented for evaluation for possible OSA were recruited and underwent overnight polysomnography. Individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of >5 per hour (OSA diagnosis) were considered cases (n = 19), while those with an AHI of <5 per hour (n = 6) were the controls. Blood samples were obtained before sleep and again from OSA cases prior to initiating treatment. H2S, NO, and HO-1 levels were assayed. Patients with OSA showed lower NO and H2S levels at baseline compared to controls. NO levels further decreased significantly from baseline in patients at the time of OSA diagnosis, while H2S levels largely showed an increasing trend, which was observed only when the subjects showing a baseline H2S level of >0.5 μM were excluded. Interestingly, analysis of HO-1 did not show a significant change from baseline, confirming the inverse relationship between the two gasotransmitters. The alterations in the bioavailability of endogenous H2S and its molecular interactions with NO and HO-1 regulating vascular tone may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD in OSA patients.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75915983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armando Morales-Jr, W. Pinto, V. Fanchini, Luana Cristina de Almeida Silva, T. Gonçalves, P. Choque, Fernanda Kussi, L. Nakao, R. M. Elias, M. Dalboni
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the world’s population. Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-Cresylsulfate (PCS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), are not sufficiently removed by conventional hemodialysis (HD) and have been associated with inflammation, poor quality of life, bone mineral disease (BMD) and endothelial injury. Online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) may promote greater clearance of uremic toxins than HD. However, there are few studies evaluating the effect of OL-HDF on serum levels of IS, PCS, IAA, and biomarkers associated with inflammatory, endothelial, and bone and mineral disorder in the elderly population. We evaluated the effect of 6 months of OL-HDF on the serum concentration of uremic toxins, biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial and bone mineral disorder in older patients on OL-HDF. IS, PCS, and IAA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. We included 31 patients (77.4 ± 7.1 years, 64.5% male, 35.5% diabetic, on maintenance dialysis for 45 ± 20 days). From baseline to 6 months there was a decrease in serum concentration of IS but not PCS and IAA. We found no change in serum concentration of inflammatory, endothelial, or mineral and bone biomarkers. In summary, OL-HDF was capable to reduce IS in older patients. Whether this reduction may have an impact on clinical outcomes deserves further evaluation.
{"title":"Older Patients on Hemodiafiltration: Behavior of Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, Endothelium, and Bone Mineral Disorder","authors":"Armando Morales-Jr, W. Pinto, V. Fanchini, Luana Cristina de Almeida Silva, T. Gonçalves, P. Choque, Fernanda Kussi, L. Nakao, R. M. Elias, M. Dalboni","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030031","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the world’s population. Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-Cresylsulfate (PCS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), are not sufficiently removed by conventional hemodialysis (HD) and have been associated with inflammation, poor quality of life, bone mineral disease (BMD) and endothelial injury. Online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) may promote greater clearance of uremic toxins than HD. However, there are few studies evaluating the effect of OL-HDF on serum levels of IS, PCS, IAA, and biomarkers associated with inflammatory, endothelial, and bone and mineral disorder in the elderly population. We evaluated the effect of 6 months of OL-HDF on the serum concentration of uremic toxins, biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial and bone mineral disorder in older patients on OL-HDF. IS, PCS, and IAA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. We included 31 patients (77.4 ± 7.1 years, 64.5% male, 35.5% diabetic, on maintenance dialysis for 45 ± 20 days). From baseline to 6 months there was a decrease in serum concentration of IS but not PCS and IAA. We found no change in serum concentration of inflammatory, endothelial, or mineral and bone biomarkers. In summary, OL-HDF was capable to reduce IS in older patients. Whether this reduction may have an impact on clinical outcomes deserves further evaluation.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90883516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral antiseptic mouthwashes have been widely used for their antibacterial activity. As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the antiviral properties of these oral antiseptics have been aggressively studied. To demonstrate the direct antiviral activity of mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2, this review will focus on the in vitro virucidal effects of these mouthwashes. Knowledge of the type, concentration, and exposure time of available mouthwashes can provide insights into effective protocols for their clinical use. With an understanding of the characteristics of each oral antiseptic mouthwash, proper mouthwash selection against SARS-CoV-2 may become a useful adjunct to personal protective equipment.
{"title":"The In Vitro Virucidal Effects of Mouthwashes on SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Miriam Ting, J. Suzuki","doi":"10.3390/ijtm2030030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030030","url":null,"abstract":"Oral antiseptic mouthwashes have been widely used for their antibacterial activity. As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the antiviral properties of these oral antiseptics have been aggressively studied. To demonstrate the direct antiviral activity of mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2, this review will focus on the in vitro virucidal effects of these mouthwashes. Knowledge of the type, concentration, and exposure time of available mouthwashes can provide insights into effective protocols for their clinical use. With an understanding of the characteristics of each oral antiseptic mouthwash, proper mouthwash selection against SARS-CoV-2 may become a useful adjunct to personal protective equipment.","PeriodicalId":43005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87858209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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