Pub Date : 2018-07-30DOI: 10.17583/rimcis.2018.3641
José Ignacio Sánchez Vergara
{"title":"Sharing cities. A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities","authors":"José Ignacio Sánchez Vergara","doi":"10.17583/rimcis.2018.3641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2018.3641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84946615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-30DOI: 10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3396
D. M. Akinnusi, Adebukola E. Oyewunmi, Olubukunola O. Sonubi
The article explores the scope and impact of employees’ work responsibilities on the family life and vice-versa. It describes the coping styles adopted by a sample of urban employees and the efficacies of these styles. A semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the means of collecting data from 48 respondents who were either dual career couples or single parents. The findings reveal that virtually all the respondents experience serious work-family conflicts, especially with managing their time, domestic chores, and stress. The challenge is for the employer, the employee, trade unions and partners to support each other to alleviate work-family conflicts. The findings are important given the focus of South African government on emancipating and empowering women through legislation and the setting up of national women. The contributions of women would be undermined, if family-work conflicts such as identified here were not addressed.
{"title":"Work-Family Conflicts: Assessing a South African Sample of Urban Employees","authors":"D. M. Akinnusi, Adebukola E. Oyewunmi, Olubukunola O. Sonubi","doi":"10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3396","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the scope and impact of employees’ work responsibilities on the family life and vice-versa. It describes the coping styles adopted by a sample of urban employees and the efficacies of these styles. A semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the means of collecting data from 48 respondents who were either dual career couples or single parents. The findings reveal that virtually all the respondents experience serious work-family conflicts, especially with managing their time, domestic chores, and stress. The challenge is for the employer, the employee, trade unions and partners to support each other to alleviate work-family conflicts. The findings are important given the focus of South African government on emancipating and empowering women through legislation and the setting up of national women. The contributions of women would be undermined, if family-work conflicts such as identified here were not addressed.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76560145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-30DOI: 10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3318
S. T’ng, Khee Hoong Ho, S. Low
Phubbing behavior is pervasive but the examination of the determinants and measurement invariance remain deficient. The present study aims to investigate: (1) relationships between Big Five personality traits (i.e., open-mindedness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality), coping styles (i.e., problem-focused and emotional-focused), Internet addiction and phubbing behavior; (2) the mediating role of Internet addiction among these relationships; and (3) measurement invariance across sex groups. A total of 405 responses were included in the final analyses. Participants were sampled using a probability-proportionate-to-size (PPS) method. Data were collected using paper-and-pencil survey: Phubbing Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Big Five Inventory, and Simplified Coping Styles Questionnaire. Negative emotionality, open-mindedness, and Internet addiction were the significant determinants of phubbing behavior. Internet addiction partially mediates open-mindedness and phubbing behavior. As for measurement invariance across sex groups, conscientiousness, extraversion, negative emotionality, Internet addiction, and phubbing behavior constructs achieved full measurement invariance. The agreeableness construct showed partial measurement invariance. Three constructs (i.e., open-mindedness, problem-focused and emotional-focused coping) failed to achieve partial measurement invariance, signifying that male and female participants had different interpretations on the items of these constructs. This pervasive culture could be gradually weakened if in-person interaction is intensely promoted.
{"title":"Are you “phubbing” me? The Determinants of Phubbing Behavior and Assessment of Measurement Invariance across Sex Differences","authors":"S. T’ng, Khee Hoong Ho, S. Low","doi":"10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17583/RIMCIS.2018.3318","url":null,"abstract":"Phubbing behavior is pervasive but the examination of the determinants and measurement invariance remain deficient. The present study aims to investigate: (1) relationships between Big Five personality traits (i.e., open-mindedness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality), coping styles (i.e., problem-focused and emotional-focused), Internet addiction and phubbing behavior; (2) the mediating role of Internet addiction among these relationships; and (3) measurement invariance across sex groups. A total of 405 responses were included in the final analyses. Participants were sampled using a probability-proportionate-to-size (PPS) method. Data were collected using paper-and-pencil survey: Phubbing Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Big Five Inventory, and Simplified Coping Styles Questionnaire. Negative emotionality, open-mindedness, and Internet addiction were the significant determinants of phubbing behavior. Internet addiction partially mediates open-mindedness and phubbing behavior. As for measurement invariance across sex groups, conscientiousness, extraversion, negative emotionality, Internet addiction, and phubbing behavior constructs achieved full measurement invariance. The agreeableness construct showed partial measurement invariance. Three constructs (i.e., open-mindedness, problem-focused and emotional-focused coping) failed to achieve partial measurement invariance, signifying that male and female participants had different interpretations on the items of these constructs. This pervasive culture could be gradually weakened if in-person interaction is intensely promoted.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89782647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-30DOI: 10.17583/RIMCIS.2016.1964
Kon K. Madut
The paper discusses the effect of political paradigm on the path of career development and the predicament of employment outcomes among racialized migrants in Canada. The study highlights challenge of retraining, skills development and access to Canadian work experience that meets neo-labor market demands. The study also examines how neoliberals’ interventions in market place, elimination of social services, and employment support programs have deterred labor force integration of the racialized migrants’ job seekers. In this Grounded Theory study (GT), participants have shared their experiences and challenges they have encountered form own perspectives. They shared stories about difficulties of finding suitable training and employment support programs within the current neo-liberalized labor market in Canada. The outcomes suggested that the rise of neoliberalism as noted in policies of social and employment services cuts, coupled with employment standard Acts reforms (ESA), have given employers more powers over hiring process which in many cases has nothing to do with candidate’s skills or qualifications. In this neo-political paradigm, the racialized migrants felt they have wasted most of their productive years searching for (1) training, mentorship or employment support programs that can facilitate effective transition to the labor force, and (2) dealing with challenges of improving unrecognized skills and qualification attained from countries of origin.
{"title":"Neo-liberalism: Employability, and the Labor Market Mobility among Racialized Migrants- Canada's Study","authors":"Kon K. Madut","doi":"10.17583/RIMCIS.2016.1964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17583/RIMCIS.2016.1964","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the effect of political paradigm on the path of career development and the predicament of employment outcomes among racialized migrants in Canada. The study highlights challenge of retraining, skills development and access to Canadian work experience that meets neo-labor market demands. The study also examines how neoliberals’ interventions in market place, elimination of social services, and employment support programs have deterred labor force integration of the racialized migrants’ job seekers. In this Grounded Theory study (GT), participants have shared their experiences and challenges they have encountered form own perspectives. They shared stories about difficulties of finding suitable training and employment support programs within the current neo-liberalized labor market in Canada. The outcomes suggested that the rise of neoliberalism as noted in policies of social and employment services cuts, coupled with employment standard Acts reforms (ESA), have given employers more powers over hiring process which in many cases has nothing to do with candidate’s skills or qualifications. In this neo-political paradigm, the racialized migrants felt they have wasted most of their productive years searching for (1) training, mentorship or employment support programs that can facilitate effective transition to the labor force, and (2) dealing with challenges of improving unrecognized skills and qualification attained from countries of origin.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90979421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-30DOI: 10.17583/RIMCIS.2015.1490
N. Khattab
This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.
{"title":"Have British Jews fully assimilated in the UK Labour Market","authors":"N. Khattab","doi":"10.17583/RIMCIS.2015.1490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17583/RIMCIS.2015.1490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67643394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each individual is guided by values that determine his behaviour. A recurrent distinction concerns the difference between applied values and final values, therefore between values concerning individual practices and values which represent real goals to achieve. The discussion tends to slip onto a juxtaposition of universal values and universal rights, which is to say between human values and human rights. It is not always easy to discern secular values from religious values. The main issue regards those who hold religious and secular values. If religious values are presumably conserved by churches, denominations, confessional organizations, for secular values the State is usually considered to be the main holder. Global values and local values can be in conflict, especially when the same individual has to play a number of different rules. And it must be considered that today migration context in Europe presents different communities with different values.
{"title":"From Values to Religion","authors":"R. Cipriani","doi":"10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.06","url":null,"abstract":"Each individual is guided by values that determine his behaviour. A recurrent distinction concerns the difference between applied values and final values, therefore between values concerning individual practices and values which represent real goals to achieve. The discussion tends to slip onto a juxtaposition of universal values and universal rights, which is to say between human values and human rights. It is not always easy to discern secular values from religious values. The main issue regards those who hold religious and secular values. If religious values are presumably conserved by churches, denominations, confessional organizations, for secular values the State is usually considered to be the main holder. Global values and local values can be in conflict, especially when the same individual has to play a number of different rules. And it must be considered that today migration context in Europe presents different communities with different values.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2012-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normal 0 21 false false false FI ZH-CN X-NONE Representative democracy has been based on the idea that interest groups form parliaments through competitive elections, and legislate in favour of their supporters. Declining electoral participation, rise of populist right-wing parties, contingent coalitions, personalized electoral success and scandal-driven politics indicate a crisis in representative democracy. Mass society theories after the Second World War predicted a decline of democracy on the basis of homogenisation of mass consumption societies. The threat was seen to involve totalitarian rule, combined with bureaucracy serving the interests of elites. This paper examines the underlying presuppositions of mass society theory, and argues that the homogeneity argument is insufficient to fit the realities. Following David Riesman, it is argued that the other-directed character grows from unstable interest group identities, but its determinant is not sameness but agency and therefore difference. To have agency is to orient oneself to others as a self, as unique, separate and autonomous subject. This is vindicated by trends in public administration since the 1980s, which stress citizens’ self-control, autonomy and partnership rather than conformity. Political disputes arise around contradictions between difference and autonomy in societies where agency is a principle of justification. Universal autonomy requires homogeneity but agency stresses difference and uniqueness.
{"title":"Is Mass Society a Threat to Representative Democracy? Revisiting David Riesman’s “Other-Directed Character”","authors":"P. Sulkunen","doi":"10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.01","url":null,"abstract":"Normal 0 21 false false false FI ZH-CN X-NONE Representative democracy has been based on the idea that interest groups form parliaments through competitive elections, and legislate in favour of their supporters. Declining electoral participation, rise of populist right-wing parties, contingent coalitions, personalized electoral success and scandal-driven politics indicate a crisis in representative democracy. Mass society theories after the Second World War predicted a decline of democracy on the basis of homogenisation of mass consumption societies. The threat was seen to involve totalitarian rule, combined with bureaucracy serving the interests of elites. This paper examines the underlying presuppositions of mass society theory, and argues that the homogeneity argument is insufficient to fit the realities. Following David Riesman, it is argued that the other-directed character grows from unstable interest group identities, but its determinant is not sameness but agency and therefore difference. To have agency is to orient oneself to others as a self, as unique, separate and autonomous subject. This is vindicated by trends in public administration since the 1980s, which stress citizens’ self-control, autonomy and partnership rather than conformity. Political disputes arise around contradictions between difference and autonomy in societies where agency is a principle of justification. Universal autonomy requires homogeneity but agency stresses difference and uniqueness.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2012-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anália Torres, B. Coelho, Inês Cardoso, Rui Brites
Arguing that European family lives are affected by many societal factors, this article discusses the interplay between three sets of phenomena: the management of work and care responsibilities, work-care policies and regimes, and gender order within the family context. Based on discussions about orientations to work and care, we compare European countries and analyze regularities and singularities among them. Identifying and assessing the interplay between structural, institutional and cultural determinants of orientations we try to explain country diversity mobilizing data from the European Social Survey (rounds 2002, 2004 and 2006) and data from Eurobarometer 2003. The paper is organized around three analytical axes. First, we analyze how work and family orientations are perceived by the Europeans. Secondly, we assess different European political policies regarding work and care arrangements, the outcome being a proposal for a work-care political typology. And finally we discuss the connections between those policies and the production or reproduction of gender order within the family. We conclude that in countries with more egalitarian gender values and policies targeted at work-care arrangements, individuals experience less work-family conflict. Conversely, in countries with more traditional gender values and restricted or disadvantaged policies we found more family-work conflict. But institutional constraints don’t act alone: orientations to work and care differ according to age, education, family forms and employment status.
{"title":"A Mysterious European Threesome: Work-care Regimes, Policies and Gender","authors":"Anália Torres, B. Coelho, Inês Cardoso, Rui Brites","doi":"10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4471/RIMCIS.2012.02","url":null,"abstract":"Arguing that European family lives are affected by many societal factors, this article discusses the interplay between three sets of phenomena: the management of work and care responsibilities, work-care policies and regimes, and gender order within the family context. Based on discussions about orientations to work and care, we compare European countries and analyze regularities and singularities among them. Identifying and assessing the interplay between structural, institutional and cultural determinants of orientations we try to explain country diversity mobilizing data from the European Social Survey (rounds 2002, 2004 and 2006) and data from Eurobarometer 2003. The paper is organized around three analytical axes. First, we analyze how work and family orientations are perceived by the Europeans. Secondly, we assess different European political policies regarding work and care arrangements, the outcome being a proposal for a work-care political typology. And finally we discuss the connections between those policies and the production or reproduction of gender order within the family. We conclude that in countries with more egalitarian gender values and policies targeted at work-care arrangements, individuals experience less work-family conflict. Conversely, in countries with more traditional gender values and restricted or disadvantaged policies we found more family-work conflict. But institutional constraints don’t act alone: orientations to work and care differ according to age, education, family forms and employment status.","PeriodicalId":43006,"journal":{"name":"International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences-RIMCIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2012-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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