This paper develops a new framework for explaining the dynamic aspects of business models in value webs. As companies move from research to roll-out and maturity three forces cause changes in business models. The technological forces are most important in the first phase, regulation in the second phase, and markets in the third. The forces cause change through influence on the technology, services, finances, and organizational network of the firm. As a result, partners in value webs will differ across these phases. A case study of NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode illustrates the framework.
{"title":"Dynamic Business Model Framework for Value Webs","authors":"H. Bouwman, I. MacInnes","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a new framework for explaining the dynamic aspects of business models in value webs. As companies move from research to roll-out and maturity three forces cause changes in business models. The technological forces are most important in the first phase, regulation in the second phase, and markets in the third. The forces cause change through influence on the technology, services, finances, and organizational network of the firm. As a result, partners in value webs will differ across these phases. A case study of NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode illustrates the framework.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133808674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Document clustering generates clusters from the whole document collection automatically and is used in many fields, including data mining and information retrieval. In the traditional vector space model, the unique words occurring in the document set are used as the features. But because of the synonym problem and the polysemous problem, such a bag of original words cannot represent the content of a document precisely. In this paper, we investigate using the sense disambiguation method to identify the sense of words to construct the feature vector for document representation. Our experimental results demonstrate that in most conditions, using sense can improve the performance of our document clustering system. But the comprehensive statistical analysis performed indicates that the differences between using original single words and using senses of words are not statistically significant. In this paper, we also provide an evaluation of several basic clustering algorithms for algorithm selection.
{"title":"Document Clustering with Semantic Analysis","authors":"Yong Wang, J. Hodges","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.129","url":null,"abstract":"Document clustering generates clusters from the whole document collection automatically and is used in many fields, including data mining and information retrieval. In the traditional vector space model, the unique words occurring in the document set are used as the features. But because of the synonym problem and the polysemous problem, such a bag of original words cannot represent the content of a document precisely. In this paper, we investigate using the sense disambiguation method to identify the sense of words to construct the feature vector for document representation. Our experimental results demonstrate that in most conditions, using sense can improve the performance of our document clustering system. But the comprehensive statistical analysis performed indicates that the differences between using original single words and using senses of words are not statistically significant. In this paper, we also provide an evaluation of several basic clustering algorithms for algorithm selection.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"144 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113988089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triggered by several embarrassing (and costly) IT project collapses in New Zealand’s public sector, a government report found that effective project control required good governance measures to be in place. Escalating conflict amongst project stakeholders, particularly where the IT projects are large and complex, is often cited as a major contributor to project problems. Conflict, and its resolution, will be affected by factors that are difficult to control, including culture and politics. In this paper we apply the basic concepts of systems thinking to deliver a holistic research framework, focusing on the project-related conflict resolution process. Key constructs include: input (stakeholder conflict); output (e.g. resolution outcome, satisfaction with outcome); contextual factors (e.g. power, culture); and, most importantly, the control mechanism (governance). This framework was empirically tested using a single case study. Our research found strong support for the model.
{"title":"IT Projects: Conflict, Governance, and Systems Thinking","authors":"D. Johnstone, S. Huff, B. Hope","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.235","url":null,"abstract":"Triggered by several embarrassing (and costly) IT project collapses in New Zealand’s public sector, a government report found that effective project control required good governance measures to be in place. Escalating conflict amongst project stakeholders, particularly where the IT projects are large and complex, is often cited as a major contributor to project problems. Conflict, and its resolution, will be affected by factors that are difficult to control, including culture and politics. In this paper we apply the basic concepts of systems thinking to deliver a holistic research framework, focusing on the project-related conflict resolution process. Key constructs include: input (stakeholder conflict); output (e.g. resolution outcome, satisfaction with outcome); contextual factors (e.g. power, culture); and, most importantly, the control mechanism (governance). This framework was empirically tested using a single case study. Our research found strong support for the model.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115080023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adjusting the level of supply chain integration is a key instrument for managers to improve supply chain performance. Tightly integrated supply chains, shortly integrated supply chains, are typified by intensified cooperation between organizations and by the existence of a so-called business bus, being the supply chain wide IT-backbone for business processes and transactions. It is generally believed that this type of supply chains can be highly efficient, leading to a relatively high performance. The level of integration is closely related to that of networkability, which refers to the ability of an organization to become and stay a partner in an existing supply chain. In literature, a higher level of networkability is implicitly regarded as desirable, to improve the performance of a supply chain. To clarify the relationship between networkability, supply chain integration and supply chain performance, we have assessed these notions in an SME based supply chain in the high tech manufacturing industry. We found some preliminary evidence that supply chain performance can be comparatively high, without high levels of networkability at the level of IT (e.g., a business bus), as long as it is compensated by networkability of process, products, people and/or organization.
{"title":"The Tacit Liaison between Networkability and Supply Chain Performance","authors":"M. Smits, W. Heuvel, W. Huisman","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.485","url":null,"abstract":"Adjusting the level of supply chain integration is a key instrument for managers to improve supply chain performance. Tightly integrated supply chains, shortly integrated supply chains, are typified by intensified cooperation between organizations and by the existence of a so-called business bus, being the supply chain wide IT-backbone for business processes and transactions. It is generally believed that this type of supply chains can be highly efficient, leading to a relatively high performance. The level of integration is closely related to that of networkability, which refers to the ability of an organization to become and stay a partner in an existing supply chain. In literature, a higher level of networkability is implicitly regarded as desirable, to improve the performance of a supply chain. To clarify the relationship between networkability, supply chain integration and supply chain performance, we have assessed these notions in an SME based supply chain in the high tech manufacturing industry. We found some preliminary evidence that supply chain performance can be comparatively high, without high levels of networkability at the level of IT (e.g., a business bus), as long as it is compensated by networkability of process, products, people and/or organization.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115240599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An evolutionary "Third Way" approach for restructuring the electricity industry is proposed, striking a balance between the extremes of vertical integration and direct liberalization of wholesale and retail markets. This approach accepts that retail utilities will need to continue to serve a large contingent of core customers who rely on inter-temporal smoothing of retail rates. Practical aspects of implementing this role within liberalized wholesale markets are also examined.
{"title":"Alternative Pathway to Electricity Market Reform: A Risk-Management Approach","authors":"H. Chao, S. Oren, Robert Wilson","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.42","url":null,"abstract":"An evolutionary \"Third Way\" approach for restructuring the electricity industry is proposed, striking a balance between the extremes of vertical integration and direct liberalization of wholesale and retail markets. This approach accepts that retail utilities will need to continue to serve a large contingent of core customers who rely on inter-temporal smoothing of retail rates. Practical aspects of implementing this role within liberalized wholesale markets are also examined.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"21 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114133012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though frequently considered desolate and distressing the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer provides a surprisingly appropriate framework through which to view the organization in order to investigate the existence of wisdom and how organizational wisdom can be achieved. This paper extends Schopenhauer's work so that it can be applied to current investigations related to wisdom creation, extraction and retention. Schopenhauer's work provides a platform upon which ramifications of wisdom creation and its effect on the organization can be assessed.
{"title":"Escaping the Veil of Maya: Wisdom and the Organization","authors":"J. Carlisle","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.160","url":null,"abstract":"Though frequently considered desolate and distressing the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer provides a surprisingly appropriate framework through which to view the organization in order to investigate the existence of wisdom and how organizational wisdom can be achieved. This paper extends Schopenhauer's work so that it can be applied to current investigations related to wisdom creation, extraction and retention. Schopenhauer's work provides a platform upon which ramifications of wisdom creation and its effect on the organization can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Embedded distributed real-time systems are traditionally used in safety-critical application areas such as avionics, healthcare, and the automotive sector. Assuring dependability under faulty conditions by means of fault tolerance mechanisms is a major concern in safety-critical systems. From a validation perspective, Software-Implemented Fault Injection (SWIFI) is an approved means for testing fault tolerance mechanisms. In recent work, we have introduced the concept of using mobile agents for distributed SWIFI in time-driven real-time systems. This paper presents a prototypical implementation of the agent platform for the OSEKtime real-time operating system and the FlexRay communication system. It is further shown, how to implement fault injection experiments by means of mobile agents in a structured manner following a classification of faults in terms of domain, persistence, and perception. Based on experiments conducted on ARM-based platforms, selected results are described in detail to demonstrate the potential of mobile agent based fault injection.
{"title":"Exploiting Mobile Agents for Structured Distributed Software-Implemented Fault Injection","authors":"Thomas M. Galla, K. Hummel, B. Peer","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.176","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded distributed real-time systems are traditionally used in safety-critical application areas such as avionics, healthcare, and the automotive sector. Assuring dependability under faulty conditions by means of fault tolerance mechanisms is a major concern in safety-critical systems. From a validation perspective, Software-Implemented Fault Injection (SWIFI) is an approved means for testing fault tolerance mechanisms. In recent work, we have introduced the concept of using mobile agents for distributed SWIFI in time-driven real-time systems. This paper presents a prototypical implementation of the agent platform for the OSEKtime real-time operating system and the FlexRay communication system. It is further shown, how to implement fault injection experiments by means of mobile agents in a structured manner following a classification of faults in terms of domain, persistence, and perception. Based on experiments conducted on ARM-based platforms, selected results are described in detail to demonstrate the potential of mobile agent based fault injection.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114775794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IS Architecture emerges as a result of a sequence of IS project implementations. The architecture that emerges can be viewed as a network of software components linked by their interdependencies. The network influences, and is influenced by, the intra-organizational interdependencies in which it is embedded. IT management can influence the evolution of the network, and, by extension, the evolution of the organization. However, given time and cost constraints, IT management can most directly influence only a few of the components in the network, the architectural control points. In this research we show how a network perspective using research from social network analysis provides a useful abstraction for understanding architecture. We apply modular operators from design theory to enact changes to architecture. Finally, we show that by following a few simple rules, enterprises can improve the fitness of their architecture as the network emerges and the control points shift over time.
{"title":"Enterprise Architecture: A Social Network Perspective","authors":"David Dreyfus, Bala R. Iyer","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.155","url":null,"abstract":"IS Architecture emerges as a result of a sequence of IS project implementations. The architecture that emerges can be viewed as a network of software components linked by their interdependencies. The network influences, and is influenced by, the intra-organizational interdependencies in which it is embedded. IT management can influence the evolution of the network, and, by extension, the evolution of the organization. However, given time and cost constraints, IT management can most directly influence only a few of the components in the network, the architectural control points. In this research we show how a network perspective using research from social network analysis provides a useful abstraction for understanding architecture. We apply modular operators from design theory to enact changes to architecture. Finally, we show that by following a few simple rules, enterprises can improve the fitness of their architecture as the network emerges and the control points shift over time.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"40 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113936906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the optimization of topological characteristics of Bluetooth scatternets which affect network performance. Particular attention is paid to the issue of fault tolerance, and objectives which are in competition with this. Using a multiple objective framework, the optimized trade-off between various topological objectives is determined. This is used to compare the scatternets produced by four decentralized protocols from the literature. The results offer a new basis to analyse and compare decentralized scatternet formation protocols. Results are presented for a range of randomized test problems.
{"title":"Fault Tolerance in Bluetooth Scatternet Topologies","authors":"L. Hodge, R. Whitaker","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the optimization of topological characteristics of Bluetooth scatternets which affect network performance. Particular attention is paid to the issue of fault tolerance, and objectives which are in competition with this. Using a multiple objective framework, the optimized trade-off between various topological objectives is determined. This is used to compare the scatternets produced by four decentralized protocols from the literature. The results offer a new basis to analyse and compare decentralized scatternet formation protocols. Results are presented for a range of randomized test problems.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of a facilitator is key to the effective establishment and maintenance of communities of practice (COPs). This paper presents challenges faced by facilitators in COPs based on a taxonomy of facilitation tasks inspired by facilitation research in the area of Group Support Systems (GSS). An online survey of the experiences of COP facilitators was conducted to discover which tasks were the most difficult and the most important for COP facilitation. The results show that tasks related to participation are considered by the majority of facilitators to be difficult as well as important. This and other findings can help facilitators in preparing for their role in COPs.
{"title":"Identifying Challenges for Facilitation in Communities of Practice","authors":"Halbana Tarmizi, G. Vreede, I. Zigurs","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2006.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.210","url":null,"abstract":"The role of a facilitator is key to the effective establishment and maintenance of communities of practice (COPs). This paper presents challenges faced by facilitators in COPs based on a taxonomy of facilitation tasks inspired by facilitation research in the area of Group Support Systems (GSS). An online survey of the experiences of COP facilitators was conducted to discover which tasks were the most difficult and the most important for COP facilitation. The results show that tasks related to participation are considered by the majority of facilitators to be difficult as well as important. This and other findings can help facilitators in preparing for their role in COPs.","PeriodicalId":432250,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115773588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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