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Development of engineered Zn-MOF/g-C3N4 based photoelectrochemical system for real-time sensors and removal of naproxen in wastewater 开发基于 Zn-MOF/g-C3N4 的工程光电化学系统,用于实时传感器和去除废水中的萘普生
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100371
Abera D. Ambaye , Sithembela A. Zikalala , Karabo C. Mashiloane , Jemal F. Nure , Mesfin A. Kebede , Touhami Mokrani , Edward N. Nxumalo
Naproxen-contaminated water may lead to the accumulation of the drug in aquatic organisms and can pose high risks to an aquatic environment and human beings. Therefore, this work aimed to develop photoelectrochemical sensing and degradation of naproxen (NPX) using zinc-metal organic framework /graphitic carbon nitride thin film-based fluorine-doped tin oxide (Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO) as anode material for the sensing and degradation of naproxen (NPX). The surface morphology, structure, surface property, surface area, optical property, photocurrent, and charge transfer kinetics abilities were studied using different techniques. The nanocomposites showed a superior photocurrent response (0.815 mA cm-2) compared to the original g-C3N4 (0.328 mA cm-2). The photo-anode made of Zn-MOF@g-C3N4/FTO displayed the highest photocurrent value, indicating that the alignment of the two semiconductor bands prevented the quick recombination of electron-hole pairs. Owing to these attractive features, the Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO electrode was applied for photoelectrochemical detection of NPX using chronoamperometry. Interestingly, the nanocomposites-based FTO ascribed a lower detection limit (2.3 ng l-1) with a wide linear range concentration of NPX (0.5 to 200 µg l-1). Additionally, the analytical assessment of repeatability and reproducibility demonstrated robust performance, with commendable relative standard deviations (RSD%) of 2.54 % and 2.40 %, respectively. On the other hand, a remarkable degradation efficiency of 97.52 % was attained when employing a bias potential of 0.1 V during a 2 h photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NPX. The degradation process was primarily driven by the active participation of holes and hydroxyl radicals in ring opening and subsequent cleavage of by-products. The notable effectiveness of this degradation can be attributed to the combined and synergistic effects of both electrochemical and photocatalytic degradation techniques. The current state demonstrates its effectiveness in the photoelectrochemical sensing and removal of NPX using MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites-based electrode materials in wastewater.
萘普生污染的水可能会导致该药物在水生生物体内蓄积,并对水生环境和人类构成高风险。因此,本研究旨在利用锌-金属有机框架/石墨化氮化碳薄膜基掺氟氧化锡(Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO)作为阳极材料,开发萘普生(NPX)的光电化学传感和降解技术。采用不同的技术对纳米复合材料的表面形貌、结构、表面性质、表面积、光学性质、光电流和电荷转移动力学能力进行了研究。纳米复合材料的光电流响应(0.815 mA cm-2)优于原始 g-C3N4(0.328 mA cm-2)。由 Zn-MOF@g-C3N4/FTO 制成的光阳极显示出最高的光电流值,这表明两个半导体带的排列防止了电子-空穴对的快速重组。由于这些诱人的特性,Zn-MOF/g-C3N4/FTO 电极被应用于使用时标法进行 NPX 的光电化学检测。有趣的是,基于纳米复合材料的 FTO 具有较低的检测限(2.3 纳克/升),NPX 的线性范围较宽(0.5 至 200 微克/升)。此外,对可重复性和再现性的分析评估也显示出了良好的性能,相对标准偏差(RSD%)分别为 2.54 % 和 2.40 %,值得称赞。另一方面,在对 NPX 进行 2 小时的光电催化氧化过程中,当采用 0.1 V 的偏置电位时,降解效率高达 97.52%。降解过程主要由空穴和羟基自由基积极参与开环和随后的副产物裂解所驱动。这种降解的显著效果可归因于电化学和光催化降解技术的综合协同效应。目前的研究表明,使用基于 MOF/g-C3N4 纳米复合材料的电极材料在废水中进行光电化学传感和去除 NPX 是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Continuous-flow analysis of nitrogen compounds in environmental water using a copper–zinc reduction coil 利用铜锌还原线圈对环境水中的氮化合物进行连续流分析
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100378
Satoshi Morikubo , Nodoka Takahashi , Yorihiro Kumazawa , Yasuhiko Takuma , Daisuke Enomoto , Takashi Nishimura , Ryosei Kanno , Suguru Okunishi , Hiroto Maeda
The copper–cadmium reduction method has been applied to determine nitrogen compounds in heavily contaminated environmental water. However, there is an international demand to reduce the use of cadmium because it is harmful to humans and environment. Hence, a copper–zinc reduction continuous flow analysis system without using cadmium was developed for nitrogen-compound determination. However, the effects of seawater contaminants on this analytical method remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the effects of contaminants on the developed method are investigated, and the applicability of the method to environmental water analysis is examined. Resultantly, interference due to magnesium precipitation is confirmed; however, this could be prevented by adjusting the concentration of the analytical reagent, i.e.,. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium. The measurement of certified reference materials under the new conditions, with precipitation countermeasures, show good results, with an accuracy of over 96 %. Additionally, a recovery study using actual environmental water afforded good results, with recovery of >95 % for all samples. These results indicate that the proposed method is an excellent, cadmium-free analytical method capable of analyzing environmental water as effectively as conventional methods.
铜镉还原法已被用于测定严重污染环境水体中的氮化合物。然而,由于镉对人体和环境有害,国际上要求减少镉的使用。因此,我们开发了一种不使用镉的铜锌还原连续流动分析系统,用于测定氮化合物。然而,海水污染物对这种分析方法的影响仍然未知。因此,本研究调查了污染物对所开发方法的影响,并考察了该方法在环境水分析中的适用性。结果证实,镁沉淀造成了干扰;不过,可以通过调整分析试剂(即乙二胺四乙酸二钠)的浓度来防止这种干扰。在采取沉淀对策的新条件下,对经认证的标准物质进行的测量结果显示效果良好,准确度超过 96%。此外,使用实际环境水进行的回收研究也取得了良好的结果,所有样品的回收率均达到 95%。这些结果表明,所提出的方法是一种出色的无镉分析方法,能够与传统方法一样有效地分析环境水。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing isomer specificity in mass spectrometry by combining silver ion adduction and ion mobility 结合银离子吸附和离子迁移率提高质谱分析中异构体的特异性
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100373
Varun V. Sharma , Danjo De Chavez , Susan E. Slade , Ingela Lanekoff

Background

Identification and characterization of steroids from complex mixtures with isomeric precision is key to studying endocrine-related metabolism and disorders. Whereas the golden standard chromatography, including liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, can be coupled with mass spectrometry to separate steroids prior to ionization, this separation is time-consuming. Contrarily, direct infusion techniques can offer increased throughput; however, these are often hampered by limited structural specificity. Thus, it is important to develop new analytical tools for direct infusion mass spectrometry that will provide isomeric specificity.

Results

Herein, we show that direct infusion with electrospray ionization in combination with silver adduction and cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (cIMS) enables mobility separation and improves the detectability of steroid isomers. Specifically, silver ion adduction of steroids increases instrumental response up to 14 times and enables almost baseline mobility separation of closely related structural steroid isomers even at low cIMS resolution. By combining experimental and theoretical data, we show that the silver interacts with the steroid isomer at single or multiple sites, which introduces conformational changes that enable mobility separation. Moreover, we show that the combination of cIMS and silver adduct fragmentation in tandem mass spectrometry provides an additional dimension for annotation of steroid isomers. Thus, the simple introduction of silver ions into the electrospray solvent provides a great gain in the analytical discernment of steroid isomers.

Significance

For the first time, we show that the use of silver adduction introduces a conformational change in steroids that allows for them to be separated with low-resolution ion mobility spectrometry without any prior derivatization, chromatographic separation, or instrumental modification. This is a new and important tool for analyzing steroid isomers that can unravel their importance in biological systems.
背景以同分异构体的精度从复杂混合物中鉴定和表征类固醇是研究内分泌相关代谢和疾病的关键。虽然黄金标准色谱法(包括液相色谱法和气相色谱法)可与质谱联用,在离子化之前分离类固醇,但这种分离耗时较长。与此相反,直接输注技术可以提高处理量,但其结构特异性往往有限。因此,为直接注入质谱法开发新的分析工具以提供同分异构体的特异性是非常重要的。结果在本文中,我们展示了直接注入与电喷雾离子化、银离子加成和循环离子淌度质谱法(cIMS)相结合,可实现淌度分离并提高类固醇同分异构体的可检测性。具体来说,类固醇的银离子加成可将仪器响应提高 14 倍,即使在 cIMS 分辨率较低的情况下,也能对结构密切相关的类固醇异构体进行几乎基线的迁移率分离。通过结合实验和理论数据,我们发现银在单个或多个位点与类固醇异构体相互作用,从而引入构象变化,实现迁移率分离。此外,我们还证明了串联质谱中 cIMS 与银加成碎片的结合为类固醇异构体的注释提供了一个额外的维度。意义我们首次展示了银加成在类固醇中的构象变化,这种变化使类固醇可以在不进行任何衍生、色谱分离或仪器改装的情况下通过低分辨率离子迁移谱进行分离。这是分析类固醇异构体的一种新的重要工具,可以揭示它们在生物系统中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Trace-level quantification of NDMA in levosulpuride active pharmaceutical ingredient and tablet formulation Using UFLC-MS/MS 使用 UFLC-MS/MS 在左旋舒必利活性药物成分和片剂中痕量定量 NDMA
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100375
Hemanth Vikram P․R , Gunjan Kumar , Rajashree Deka , Umme Hani , Nazima Haider , Sirajunisa Talath , Adil Farooq Wali , Dilipkumar Reddy Kandula , Narasimha M. Beeraka , Sinchana B Gopalaiah , Devi Sri Chiriki , Namitha Bannimath , Pramod Kumar , Bannimath Gurupadayya
Nitrosamine impurities identified in several pharmaceuticals during recent times has raised concerns leading to product recalls worldwide and necessitating sensitive liquid and gas chromatographic methods for trace level detection of nitrosamine impurities. This study developed and validated a ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of NDMA in Levosulpuride drug substance and tablet formulation. Current method utilizes a triple quadrupole analyzer, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ionization source and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan mode for the analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Gemini NX-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 µm) maintained at 40 °C. The mobile phase consisted of a binary gradient of solvent A (0.1 % formic acid in water) and solvent B (methanol), with a total run time of 18 minutes. Current method achieved excellent linearity, recovery, precision, and sensitivity. Greenness of the developed method was evaluated using the GAPI, AGREE, and AES metrics. Current method is sensitive and selective for NDMA in levosulpuride drug substance and tablet formulations and can be employed for routine quality control analysis in pharmaceutical industry.
近来,在一些药品中发现的亚硝胺杂质引起了人们的关注,导致了全球范围内的产品召回,因此有必要采用灵敏的液相和气相色谱法对亚硝胺杂质进行痕量检测。本研究开发并验证了一种超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(UFLC-MS/MS)方法,用于定量检测左旋舒必利(Levosulpuride)药物和片剂中的 NDMA。该方法采用三重四极杆分析仪、常压化学电离(APCI)电离源和多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式进行分析。色谱分离采用 Gemini NX-C18 色谱柱(150 × 4.6 毫米,3 微米),色谱柱温度保持在 40 °C。流动相包括溶剂 A(0.1% 甲酸水溶液)和溶剂 B(甲醇)的二元梯度,总运行时间为 18 分钟。该方法在线性、回收率、精密度和灵敏度方面均表现优异。使用 GAPI、AGREE 和 AES 指标对所开发方法的绿色性进行了评估。本方法对左旋舒必利药物和片剂中的 NDMA 具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,可用于制药行业的常规质量控制分析。
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引用次数: 0
Development of nanomaterial-supported molecularly imprinted polymer/receptor-like sensor for the detection of rosuvastatin from binary mixtures 开发纳米材料支撑的分子印迹聚合物/受体样传感器,用于检测二元混合物中的罗伐他汀
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100376
Mahdi Gharibi , Ensar Piskin , Nadia Bounoua , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan
Statins reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Rosuvastatin (ROS) is a statin drug used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and treat abnormal lipids. This study describes the design and fabrication of a nanomaterial-assisted molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for ROS determination. In addition, MIP-based electrochemical sensors were designed to detect ROS in both standard solutions and serum samples. In the MIP-based electrochemical sensor developed via the photopolymerization (PP) technique on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, were used zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a pore former, p-aminobenzoic acid (p-ABA) as functional monomer, ROS as template molecule. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to carry out detailed characterizations concerning surface morphology and electrochemistry. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linearity range of the designed sensor was found 1.0 × 10−13–1.0 × 10−12 M. The superior selectivity of the MIP-based sensor against ROS in the presence of their binary mixtures was confirmed by interference studies. The recovery rates of the MIP-based sensors were calculated as 100.35 % and 99.16 % in commercial tablet form and serum samples, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor's relative selectivity coefficient (k′) was calculated, and it provided good selectivity for ROS over the NIP sensor. In conclusion, this newly developed sensor offers an advantageous approach for selective, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective analysis of ROS from binary mixtures. Additionally, this study is the first electrochemical sensor using nanomaterial-assisted MIP technology for ROS analysis, and its sensitivity is higher than that of other studies in the literature.
他汀类药物通过抑制羟甲基戊二酰-CoA(HMG-CoA)还原酶来减少胆固醇的合成。瑞舒伐他汀(ROS)是一种他汀类药物,用于预防心血管疾病和治疗血脂异常。本研究介绍了一种基于纳米材料辅助的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)电化学传感器的设计和制造,用于测定 ROS。此外,还设计了基于 MIP 的电化学传感器来检测标准溶液和血清样品中的 ROS。在玻璃碳电极(GCE)表面通过光聚合(PP)技术开发的基于 MIP 的电化学传感器中,使用氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)作为孔隙形成剂,对氨基苯甲酸(p-ABA)作为功能单体,ROS 作为模板分子。实验采用了电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安法(CV)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术,对表面形貌和电化学特性进行了详细分析。在优化的实验条件下,所设计传感器的线性范围为 1.0 × 10-13-1.0 × 10-12 M。根据计算,基于 MIP 的传感器在商业片剂和血清样品中的回收率分别为 100.35 % 和 99.16 %。此外,还计算了拟议传感器的相对选择性系数(k′),与 NIP 传感器相比,该传感器对 ROS 具有良好的选择性。总之,这种新开发的传感器为选择性、灵敏、快速和经济高效地分析二元混合物中的 ROS 提供了一种有利的方法。此外,该研究是首个使用纳米材料辅助 MIP 技术进行 ROS 分析的电化学传感器,其灵敏度高于其他文献研究。
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引用次数: 0
Metal organic frameworks for bacterial detection in environmental samples 用于环境样本中细菌检测的金属有机框架
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100374
Hadeer M. Bedair , Alaa Bedair , Mahmoud Hamed , Marcello Locatelli , Fotouh R. Mansour
Pathogenic bacteria pose significant threats to public health. Early and accurate detection of bacteria is crucial for infection control and prevention of outbreaks. This paper reviews recent advances in metal organic framework (MOF)-based methods for bacterial detection. MOFs are promising materials for biosensing due to their large surface areas, customizable properties, and ability to integrate various sensing capabilities. Several colorimetric and electrochemical detection techniques that utilize MOFs are discussed. Colorimetric assays combining MOFs with gold nanoparticles, peroxidase-mimicking activity, and aptamer recognition have achieved sensitive and specific detection of bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus. Electrochemical biosensors integrating MOFs, antibodies, aptamers and quantum dots have also demonstrated low detection limits for various bacteria. Notably, techniques using MOF peroxidase-like activity coupled with magnetic separation or competitive binding assays show potential for point-of-care pathogen detection. Furthermore, optimization of MOF properties and integration within microfluidic platforms may lead to portable, low-cost and rapid methods suitable for on-site bacterial analysis in diverse settings. Continued exploration of MOF-based sensing strategies holds promise for improved bacteria monitoring and control of infectious diseases.
致病细菌对公共卫生构成重大威胁。及早准确地检测细菌对于控制感染和预防疫情爆发至关重要。本文回顾了基于金属有机框架(MOF)的细菌检测方法的最新进展。MOF 具有大表面积、可定制的特性以及整合各种传感功能的能力,因此是很有前景的生物传感材料。本文讨论了几种利用 MOFs 的比色和电化学检测技术。将 MOFs 与金纳米粒子、过氧化物酶模拟活性和适配体识别相结合的比色检测技术实现了对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌的灵敏而特异的检测。集成了 MOFs、抗体、适配体和量子点的电化学生物传感器也证明了对各种细菌的低检测限。值得注意的是,利用 MOF 过氧化物酶样活性与磁分离或竞争性结合检测相结合的技术显示出了用于护理点病原体检测的潜力。此外,优化 MOF 的特性并将其集成到微流控平台中,可能会产生便携式、低成本和快速的方法,适用于各种环境下的现场细菌分析。继续探索基于 MOF 的传感策略有望改善细菌监测和传染病控制。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate low-dose exposure assessment of benzene and monoaromatic compounds by diffusive sampling: Sampling and analytical method validation according to ISO 23320 for radiello® samplers packed with graphitised charcoal and suitable for thermal desorption 通过扩散采样对苯和单芳香族化合物进行精确的低剂量暴露评估:根据 ISO 23320 标准对装有石墨化木炭并适合热脱附的 radiello® 采样器进行采样和分析方法验证
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100372
Laura Zaratin , Caterina Boaretto , Riccardo Carnevale Schianca , George Hinkal , Elena Grignani , Danilo Cottica
This research was aimed at providing an accurate low-dose benzene exposure assessment method, prospectively suitable to exposure limit values in the low ppb range, such as in the present-day chemical, petrochemical, foundry and pharmaceutical industry. The project addresses the need for a robust and fully validated method of personal exposure measurements considering that the Occupational Exposure Limit Value for benzene will be significantly lowered in the next few years. Diffusive sampling offers a reliable alternative to pumped sampling methods, intrinsic safety in potentially explosive atmospheres, lightness and ease of use. The tested diffusive sampler is radiello® with the RAD145 adsorption substrate. This configuration is packed with graphitised charcoal suitable for thermal desorption and analysis by HRGC-FID or HRGC-MS.
The experiments have been conducted following the ISO 23320 standard in the range from 0.005 to 0.1 ppm (16 to 320 µg/m3), yielding a full validation of the sampling and analytical method. The sampler performances have fulfilled all requisites of the ISO 23320 standard, in particular: bias due to the selection of a non-ideal sorbent is lower than 10 % (no significant back diffusion of benzene due to concentration change in the atmosphere); bias due to storage of samples for up to 2 months is lower than 10 %; nominal uptake rate for benzene on RAD145 is 32.3 mL/min; expanded uncertainty of the sampling and analytical method is 22.1 % in the concentration range from 80 to 320 µg/m³. The sampling and analytical method is therefore fit-for-purpose for the personal exposure measurements aimed at testing compliance with lowered occupational exposure limit values for benzene. The method is also fit for short duration exposure monitoring related to specific tasks, and other volatile organic compounds, usually found in the same workplaces, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and some oxygenated compounds, have been also studied. In particular, n-hexane and isopropyl benzene (also known as cumene), whose classification is currently under revision, can be efficiently monitored by this technique.
这项研究旨在提供一种准确的低剂量苯暴露评估方法,该方法有望适用于低 ppb 范围内的暴露限值,例如当今的化工、石化、铸造和制药行业。考虑到苯的职业接触限值将在未来几年内大幅降低,该项目需要一种可靠且经过充分验证的个人接触测量方法。扩散采样法是泵送采样法的可靠替代方法,在潜在爆炸性气体环境中具有内在安全性、轻便性和易用性。经过测试的扩散采样器是带有 RAD145 吸附基板的 radiello®。实验按照 ISO 23320 标准在 0.005 至 0.1 ppm(16 至 320 µg/m3)范围内进行,对采样和分析方法进行了全面验证。采样器的性能符合 ISO 23320 标准的所有要求,特别是:选择非理想吸附剂造成的偏差低于 10%(大气中的浓度变化不会导致苯的明显反向扩散);样品储存长达 2 个月造成的偏差低于 10%;RAD145 对苯的标称吸收率为 32.3 mL/min;在 80 至 320 µg/m³ 的浓度范围内,采样和分析方法的扩展不确定度为 22.1%。因此,该采样和分析方法适用于个人接触测量,旨在检测是否符合降低后的苯职业接触限值。该方法也适用于与特定任务相关的短时间暴露监测,而且还研究了通常在同一工作场所发现的其他挥发性有机化合物,如脂肪族和芳香族碳氢化合物以及一些含氧化合物。特别是,正己烷和异丙苯(又称 "积苯"),其分类目前正在修订中,可以通过这种技术进行有效监测。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing electrochemical sensing: A smart platform for accurate CRP level detection in neonatal septicaemia 推进电化学传感技术:用于准确检测新生儿败血症 CRP 水平的智能平台
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100369
Sapna Balayan , Nidhi Chauhan , Vinita Hooda , Ramesh Chandra , Warren Rosario , Utkarsh Jain
Neonatal septicaemia is an intricate systemic affliction induced in newborns. A multitude of fungi, viruses, and bacteria elicit this condition. Conventional methodologies such as radiological imaging, microbial testing, blood culture, and inflammatory markers suffer from an array of constraints for prompt detection of infection. This present study illustrates a cutting-edge smart electrochemical biosensing system. The fabricated system was meticulously engineered to discern the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is an irreplaceable prognostic indicator for neonatal sepsis. This work explicates the fabrication of a bioreceptor sensing platform (BioRe Sense) on a screen-printed miniaturized electrode. The surface of the electrode underwent modification with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2NSs). Further, the interface was designed with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) targeting CRP. An electrochemical technique carefully examined the electrode at each modification stage. The created sensing interface can detect a wide concentration range from 0.01 nM to 100 nM, with a lower detection limit of 0.01 nM.
新生儿败血症是新生儿诱发的一种复杂的全身性疾病。多种真菌、病毒和细菌都会引发这种疾病。传统的方法,如放射成像、微生物检测、血液培养和炎症标志物等,在及时检测感染方面受到一系列限制。本研究展示了一种先进的智能电化学生物传感系统。该系统经过精心设计,可识别 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 的浓度。CRP 是新生儿败血症不可替代的预后指标。这项工作阐述了在丝网印刷微型电极上制作生物受体传感平台(BioRe Sense)的过程。电极表面经过二硫化钼纳米片(MoS2NSs)修饰。此外,还设计了针对 CRP 的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)界面。电化学技术仔细检查了每个修饰阶段的电极。所创建的传感界面可检测 0.01 nM 至 100 nM 的宽浓度范围,检测下限为 0.01 nM。
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引用次数: 0
Progressive analytical techniques utilized for the detection of contaminants attributed to food safety and security 用于检测食品安全污染物的先进分析技术
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100368
Anjali Bharti, Utkarsh Jain, Nidhi Chauhan
Food analysis and authentication are very crucial to assure safety, quality, and integrity of food and food-related products. Analysis of food products not only ensures the quality of food but also gives information about composition, physical characteristics, flavor, shelf-life, safety, microstructure, and processibility. Consequently, food is now regarded as an inexpensive means of preventing disease while also serving as a source of energy. Typically, a wide range of distinct chemical components make up the chemical composition of food. Furthermore, during processing or storage, food is always susceptible to structural alterations. Therefore, to assess the nutritional value and the quality of food products, food components must be analyzed and quantified. Food analysis mainly includes the preparation, examination, and identification of major food components, such as dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, phospholipids, pesticides, alcohols, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, organic acids, organic bases, bittering agents, pigments, and aroma compounds, as well as minor components including preservatives, antioxidants, colorants. Therefore, there are several advanced analytical techniques, including spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chromatography, NMR, HSI, MALDI-TOF, RT-PCR, biosensors, etc. have been vital in the food science domain due to their high selectivity and sensitivity. This review emphasizes implementing various analytical techniques to analyze food safety and security.
食品分析和鉴定对于确保食品和食品相关产品的安全、质量和完整性至关重要。食品分析不仅能确保食品质量,还能提供有关成分、物理特性、风味、保质期、安全性、微观结构和加工性等方面的信息。因此,食品现在被视为一种预防疾病的廉价手段,同时也是一种能量来源。食品的化学成分通常由多种不同的化学成分组成。此外,在加工或储存过程中,食品的结构总是容易发生变化。因此,为了评估食品的营养价值和质量,必须对食品成分进行分析和量化。食品分析主要包括膳食纤维、酚类化合物、碳水化合物、蛋白质、氨基酸、肽、酶、磷脂、杀虫剂、醇类、脂溶性和水溶性维生素、有机酸、有机碱、苦味剂、色素和芳香化合物等主要食品成分,以及防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂等次要成分的制备、检验和鉴定。因此,一些先进的分析技术,包括光谱、质谱、色谱、核磁共振、HSI、MALDI-TOF、RT-PCR、生物传感器等,因其高选择性和高灵敏度而在食品科学领域发挥着重要作用。本综述强调采用各种分析技术来分析食品安全和保障。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of potential volatile markers for characterizing Argentine wine vinegars based on their production process 根据生产工艺确定潜在的挥发性标记,以描述阿根廷葡萄酒醋的特征
IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2024.100370
Marcelo Wagner , Jorgelina Zaldarriaga Heredia , M. Pilar Segura-Borrego , M. Lourdes Morales , José M. Camiña , Silvana M. Azcarate , Raquel M. Callejón , Rocío Ríos-Reina
In Argentina, the production of quality wine vinegars has been barely exploited. Currently, most of the marketed vinegars are produced using rapid industrial fermentation systems obtaining vinegars with a high production rate, but with low quality and few organoleptic nuances. This work aims to study the volatile profile by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and chemometrics to differentiate Argentinian wine vinegars according to their production process (industrial or traditional). A total of 92 volatile compounds were identified on the samples by using a strategy based on volatile profile processing using PARADISe® software. The complete volatile profile of all the samples was submitted to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the selection of variables with importance in the projection (VIPs). Thus, 37 volatile compounds with the potential to be markers of the manufacturing process were selected. The results obtained revealed, for the first time, the volatile profile of Argentine wine vinegars showing that the compound groups that, on average, exhibited higher relative areas were esters, acids, and alcohols. Thus, certain acids, aldehydes and terpenes were noticeably present in industrial wine vinegar. Conversely, the alcohols were strongly associated with traditional ones. In the case of esters, they were connected to the different types of wine vinegars. These compounds could be considered as potential volatile markers of quality and authenticity of these types of vinegars.
在阿根廷,优质葡萄酒醋的生产几乎没有得到开发。目前,市场上销售的大多数葡萄酒醋都是通过快速工业发酵系统生产出来的,虽然产量高,但质量低,感官上的细微差别也很少。这项研究旨在通过顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和化学计量学来研究挥发性成分,从而根据生产工艺(工业或传统)来区分阿根廷葡萄酒醋。通过 PARADISe® 软件的挥发性特征处理策略,对样品中的 92 种挥发性化合物进行了鉴定。所有样品的完整挥发性曲线都经过了偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),以筛选出在预测中具有重要意义的变量(VIPs)。因此,选出了 37 种有可能成为生产过程标记的挥发性化合物。研究结果首次揭示了阿根廷葡萄酒醋的挥发性特征,显示酯类、酸类和醇类化合物的平均相对含量较高。因此,工业葡萄酒醋中明显含有某些酸、醛和萜烯。相反,醇类则与传统酿造工艺密切相关。酯类则与不同类型的葡萄酒醋有关。这些化合物可被视为这些类型酒醋质量和真实性的潜在挥发性标记。
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