Talanta Open最新文献

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are becoming increasingly popular for drug analysis in various matrices. These affordable, portable platforms come with a range of benefits, such as their user-friendly design, straightforward operation, and minimal need for sample preparation. This study evaluates the potential applications of PADs in drug testing with a particular emphasis on the adaptability of PADs in terms of their ability to handle various types of samples during the testing process. In this study, the design, manufacturing, and performance of PADs for drug detection, as well as the influence that different biological samples have on the performance of PAD performance were investigated. PADs are discussed in this paper, with respect to their applications in forensic sample analysis, point-of-care testing and illicit drug testing. The study demonstrates the flexibility of PADs as platforms for drug testing in varied matrices. The authors highlight the fact that PADs are inexpensive, portable, user-friendly, and need minimum sample preparation, which makes them effective instruments in a variety of situations, including research, law enforcement, and healthcare. On the whole, this paper highlights the versatility of PADs, emphasizing their role as adaptable platforms for drug testing within different matrices. Scientists and professionals can utilize these cutting-edge devices to improve the efficiency and accessibility of drug analysis.

To quantify phytocannabinoids in hemp, liquid chromatography diode array detector (LC-DAD) methods are favored, but their selectivity depends on baseline separation of all phytocannabinoids and unknown compounds in an extract. Therefore, development of a LC-DAD method with a different selectivity has become highly desirable. Currently, most LC-DAD methods use the water/acetonitrile eluting system, while this study aimed to use the water/methanol eluting system. A systematic investigation of various chromatographic parameters on LC separation of eighteen phytocannabinoids, the maximum number that has been quantified in hemp so far, plus two potential internal standards, led to a four-step isocratic mobile phase that was able to baseline separate the twenty compounds with a significantly different eluting order from published methods. Although changes in the mobile phase composition caused baseline drifts, consequent difficulty in quantification was avoided through detection at wavelengths longer than 230 nm. Subsequently, the method was validated according to the ISO 17025 guidelines, calibrated between 0.04 and 50 µg/mL, and used to analyze phytocannabinoids in nine strains of hemp flowers that were extracted using methanol between 0.04 and 50 % (w/w). Extraction recovery was tracked in real-time by spiking one of the two potential internal standards, i.e., abnormal cannabidiol (ACBD), a cannabinoid not naturally present in hemp. Method selectivity was further assessed by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI/TOFMS), indicating minimum interferences. In addition, five untargeted/unknown phytocannabinoids were identified by ESI/TOFMS, including two structural isomers of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), two structural isomers of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁹-THCA), and one structural isomer of Δ⁹-THC acetate.

Poisoning metabolites within mushrooms typically exert varying physiological and biological effects; however, their distributions within mushrooms are seldom investigated. This study focused on imaging illudin S, a representative poisoning metabolite within Omphalotus illudens mushroom, using desorption electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (DESI–MS/MS) coupled with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Initially, LC–ESI–MS/MS conditions were established for the selective detection of illudin S (m/z 247→159, positive mode) from extracted mushroom. Based on this MS/MS condition, each mushroom was divided into nine sections, and each section was subjected to specific DESI–MS/MS mode imaging (pixel size: 200 × 200 μm). The results revealed high concentrations of illudin S in the stalks of the mushrooms growing on trees. Further, re-evaluations using the LC–MS/MS assay revealed a seven-fold difference in the illudin S between the stalk and other regions. This study marks the first attempt at assessing toxic metabolite distributions within poisonous mushrooms, thus offering valuable insights including the efficient utilization of illudin analogs in biological applications.

Almond oils extracted from roasted kernels at different roasting times at 150 °C were analyzed to quantify quality parameters such as acidity, peroxide value, K₂₃₂, K₂₇₀, antioxidant activity and the oxidative stability index. The roasting process induced oxidation of the chemical compounds in the oil, resulting in increased acidity, peroxide value, K₂₃₂ and K₂₇₀. The antioxidant activity exhibited a decreasing trend over time, while the oxidative stability showed only slight changes. Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were directly scanned on almond oil samples. The combination of the EEMs with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) provided qualitative information about the main fluorophores and their evolution with the roasting time. Quantitative information was obtained using unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS), demonstrating the effectiveness of the fluorescence technique in combination with multivariate analysis to quantify analytical parameters in almond oils. Prediction models were developed, and subjected to external validation. The coefficients of determination in the external validation were higher than 0.94 for all parameters except k270.

Eu-MOFs have sparked widespread interest as a dependable, convenient, time-saving, highly sensitive, and specialised platform for analytical applications due to their strong skeletons, extremely high surface area, changeable pore sizes, easy functionalization, and great stability. This review will provide remarkable insight into the synthesis, structure, and properties of Eu-MOFs. Here, we will also focus on Eu-MOF applications as chemosensors, biosensors, selective gas adsorption, and chromatographic stationary phases in order to meet the needs of the materials used for analysis. Hence, this study will offer a comprehensive overview of existing research on the analytical applications of Eu-MOFs. We expect that this study will provide complete knowledge for researchers to recreate the procedures and contribute to future discoveries in this prominent field.

Designer fuel fraud consists in the smuggling of modified diesel blends as engine lubricant oils and their illegal trade avoiding payment of the excise duty applied to energy products. The fraudulent mixture contains regular diesel fuel plus a heavier hydrocarbon fraction, originating from waste automotive lubricant or cheap, residual base oils.

Raman spectroscopy was tested as a rapid in-situ screening method to separate regular diesel fuel samples from those suspected to contain a heavier component, and thus demanding a more extensive characterization. The Raman fingerprint region from the screened sample is matched to purposely created spectral libraries of compliant and non-compliant diesel fuels using the instrumental search algorithm. Overall, 177 compliant fuel samples and 28 non-compliant samples (all designer fuels with a confirmed heavier fraction and/or anomalous distillation parameters) were measured. The designer fuels were all positively identified, with ∼18 % false positives.

Subsequently, the Raman data-set was studied by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then classified as either compliant or non-compliant using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). PCA using up to three principal components for data visualization shows only an incipient separation but still a partial overlap between compliant and non-compliant samples. LDA, on the opposite, performed superiorly in the binary classification task, with no false negatives and less than 4 % false positives.

A novel and major cannabinoid (epicannabidiol hydrate) present in hemp plants and oils was isolated and characterized by a combination of flash chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS). This novel cannabinoid differs from cannabidiol (CBD) by the absence of a double bond in the terpene ring and the presence of an additional hydroxyl group in the same terpene ring. The isolation procedure involved the use of normal phase chromatography with a silica gel preparative column, followed by reversed phase chromatography with a C18 preparative column. In this way, other major cannabinoids present in the samples, such as cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, were separated and the focus was placed on the novel cannabinoid compound. Exact accurate masses were obtained for the compound of interest at m/z = 333.2424 in positive ion mode and m/z = 331.2279 in negative ion mode. Additional MS-MS analysis in negative ion mode revealed the position of the additional hydroxyl group in the molecule. Finally, the structural characterization was corroborated with ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analysis, thus verifying the exact chemical structure of this novel cannabinoid, which has not previously been reported in hemp samples.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified through deferoxamine mesylate and used as an adsorbent for separation and preconcentration of the trace amount of iron ions in food samples followed by a simple, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the termination. The proposed separation and preconcentration method was performed in short time by using a small amount of chemical solvent. Also, the used adsorbent was environmentally friendly and highly compatible with the human body.

In this study iron was complex with deferoxamine. After extraction, the complex was eluted by HCl 2 % (v/v) and analyzed by a fast, straightforward, and inexpensive UV–Visible spectrometer method. The determination was performed with high selectivity, sensitivity and good accuracy. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.12 µg.L⁻¹ to 500 µg.L⁻¹. The detection limit was obtained 0.08 µg.L⁻¹. The suggested method was used for measuring the trace amount of iron ions in the five food samples: spinach, parsley, cooked pinto beans, and cooked sheep's liver. Based on the obtained results, the proposed method has shown proper sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become the focus of rapid research due to their unique optical and electronic properties. There has been a noticeable increase in papers relating to AuNPs, with over 71,000 publications between 2019 and 2024. AuNPs possess exceptional stability, low resistance, high conductivity, and extensive light interaction, making them well-suited for biological sensing applications. This literature study begins by examining different approaches for synthesizing AuNPs, including chemical, physical, and biological methods, before exploring their use as biosensors. A comprehensive examination of the various detection methods, including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemical properties, is facilitated through an exploration of the fundamental principles and classification of biosensors. We primarily focus on using AuNPs in medical diagnostics, highlighting current advancements in disease detection with AuNPs-based biosensors for conditions like COVID-19, dengue fever, and diabetes. The review emphasizes current research achievements in AuNPs synthesis and the bright prospects for their use in biocompatible and efficient biosensor applications.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory drug on a two-way membrane-integrated microfluidic device (TMMD) is presented. Insertion of a porous membrane into a microfluidic device in a vertical direction and attachment of a cover glass to the lateral side of the microfluidic device enabled us to observe the device from two orthogonal directions. HaCaT, a human epidermal keratinocyte, was cultured in the TMMD. The localization of ZO-1, a tight junction protein, between the HaCaT cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Permeability of the HaCaT cell layer increased after stimulation by potassium dichromate, whereas the pretreatment of the HaCaT by dexamethasone prior to the stimulation kept the permeability unchanged. Deoxynivalenol, an anti-inflammatory drug candidate, kept the permeability unchanged with lower concentrations compared to dexamethasone. We expect that the present TMMD is applicable to various anti-inflammatory drug candidates to evaluate their efficacy.