Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490
E. V. Sokolova
The article examines the characteristics of the formation of the rural settlement network in the territory of modern Omsk region during the last quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The relevance of this study is driven by societal and governmental interest in rural history, as well as by the expansion of the source base, which is related to the popularization of museum collections and personal archives. Throughout the research, the author analyzes a wide range of sources and identifies features of the territory’s settlement, lifestyle, and everyday life of peasants, as well as the nature of relationships between settlers and natives. The author concludes that natural and geographical conditions played a significant role in shaping the network of rural settlements, organizing economic life, and the daily routines of peasants. Particular attention is paid to the study of the economic life of peasants, as it was one of the defining factors in the formation of the rural settlement network of the territory. The investigation reveals that agriculture was the main occupation for peasants in the Omsk Irtysh region, despite the limited amount of arable land available. Livestock breeding was confined to its economic significance. Additional income for peasants depended on their settlement location and was determined by the natural resources of the territory. Natural and geographical conditions also dictated the external appearance of settlements.
{"title":"Rural Settlement Network in Territory of Contemporary Omsk Region from Last Quarter of 19th Century to Early 20th Century","authors":"E. V. Sokolova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the characteristics of the formation of the rural settlement network in the territory of modern Omsk region during the last quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The relevance of this study is driven by societal and governmental interest in rural history, as well as by the expansion of the source base, which is related to the popularization of museum collections and personal archives. Throughout the research, the author analyzes a wide range of sources and identifies features of the territory’s settlement, lifestyle, and everyday life of peasants, as well as the nature of relationships between settlers and natives. The author concludes that natural and geographical conditions played a significant role in shaping the network of rural settlements, organizing economic life, and the daily routines of peasants. Particular attention is paid to the study of the economic life of peasants, as it was one of the defining factors in the formation of the rural settlement network of the territory. The investigation reveals that agriculture was the main occupation for peasants in the Omsk Irtysh region, despite the limited amount of arable land available. Livestock breeding was confined to its economic significance. Additional income for peasants depended on their settlement location and was determined by the natural resources of the territory. Natural and geographical conditions also dictated the external appearance of settlements.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434
D. A. Pinaeva
The article examines the role of public scientific and technical associations in the implementation of the Soviet Union’s science and technology policy aimed at stimulating inventive activity and expediting the introduction of new technology into production. Considering mass invention and rationalization as a crucial resource for ensuring the country’s competitiveness, especially in industries not related to the defense-industrial complex, the state essentially fully administered the activities of scientific and technical societies. The evolution of the mass invention management system is demonstrated. Organizational and economic mechanisms aimed at stimulating innovative activity are analyzed, revealing the most effective and indemand practices. It is noted that public associations had high potential for solving scientific and technical tasks, possessing a large number of qualified personnel, an extensive network of primary organizations, and a centralized management apparatus. However, administrative pressure, the imposition of ideological directives not inherent to scientific and technical societies, the creation of numerous associations with duplicative functions, and the pursuit of increasing quantitative indicators constrained the possibilities of scientific and technical societies, ultimately leading to formalism in the work of public associations.
{"title":"Contribution of Public Scientific and Technical Associations to Development of Mass Inventiveness in USSR from Mid-1950s to Mid-1960s","authors":"D. A. Pinaeva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role of public scientific and technical associations in the implementation of the Soviet Union’s science and technology policy aimed at stimulating inventive activity and expediting the introduction of new technology into production. Considering mass invention and rationalization as a crucial resource for ensuring the country’s competitiveness, especially in industries not related to the defense-industrial complex, the state essentially fully administered the activities of scientific and technical societies. The evolution of the mass invention management system is demonstrated. Organizational and economic mechanisms aimed at stimulating innovative activity are analyzed, revealing the most effective and indemand practices. It is noted that public associations had high potential for solving scientific and technical tasks, possessing a large number of qualified personnel, an extensive network of primary organizations, and a centralized management apparatus. However, administrative pressure, the imposition of ideological directives not inherent to scientific and technical societies, the creation of numerous associations with duplicative functions, and the pursuit of increasing quantitative indicators constrained the possibilities of scientific and technical societies, ultimately leading to formalism in the work of public associations.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-435-451
A. G. Prazdnikov
The accession to power of Richard III in England in 1483 is one of the most contentious events during the Wars of the Roses. Typically, the focus is on the personality of the monarch himself. However, the usurpation involved many individuals from Richard’s circle, as well as other members of the political elite, including members of the Royal Council. The role that the Council played between April and July of 1483, the issues it addressed, and the decisions it made effectively position it as the governing body of England during the interregnum. Drawing on a wide array of sources, information was compiled about all members of the Council who were or could have been part of its composition at the beginning of the period under study (61 individuals). A biogram of each member is provided. Analysis revealed that a majority of Council members (37 individuals) supported Richard III’s usurpation. Only 7 members did not support Richard and were either executed or fled the country. The conclusion is drawn that the Council as a whole, and not merely its individual representatives, played a role in Richard III’s seizure of the throne.
{"title":"Royal Council of England in 1483 and Usurpation of Power by Richard III","authors":"A. G. Prazdnikov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-435-451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-435-451","url":null,"abstract":"The accession to power of Richard III in England in 1483 is one of the most contentious events during the Wars of the Roses. Typically, the focus is on the personality of the monarch himself. However, the usurpation involved many individuals from Richard’s circle, as well as other members of the political elite, including members of the Royal Council. The role that the Council played between April and July of 1483, the issues it addressed, and the decisions it made effectively position it as the governing body of England during the interregnum. Drawing on a wide array of sources, information was compiled about all members of the Council who were or could have been part of its composition at the beginning of the period under study (61 individuals). A biogram of each member is provided. Analysis revealed that a majority of Council members (37 individuals) supported Richard III’s usurpation. Only 7 members did not support Richard and were either executed or fled the country. The conclusion is drawn that the Council as a whole, and not merely its individual representatives, played a role in Richard III’s seizure of the throne.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359
V. V. Zapariy, V. V. Zapariy, N. N. Melnikov
This article is dedicated to the lesser-known aspects of Soviet policy regarding the compulsory seizure of industrial equipment in territories liberated by the Red Army from the fascist bloc states in 1944—1945. Based on an analysis of decrees by the State Defense Committee, the principles of interaction between representatives of industrial People’s Commissariats and military authorities in liberated territories are revealed, with the aim of dismantling and transporting the most promising industrial assets back to the USSR for the needs of restoring the country’s metallurgical complex. The paper provides examples of property disputes among leading economic entities — the industrial People's Commissariats of the USSR — over the right to dismantle industrial facilities for their own benefit. It also sheds light on the activities of Special Assembly Managements under the People’s Commissariat for Construction of the USSR and their authority in the process of seizing industrial assets in territories freed from German control in Eastern Europe. Using the case studies of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy enterprises located in territories of fascist bloc countries (Germany, Hungary) liberated by the Red Army, typical approaches to organizing the compulsory dismantling of their equipment are analyzed. The research conducted vividly demonstrates the significance of reparations seizures of industrial equipment in Eastern Europe for the modernization and recovery of the USSR’s metallurgical complex during 1944—1945.
{"title":"Reparations Withdrawals Of Metallurgical Equipment in Central and Eastern European Countries at Final Stage of Great Patriotic War (1944—1945)","authors":"V. V. Zapariy, V. V. Zapariy, N. N. Melnikov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the lesser-known aspects of Soviet policy regarding the compulsory seizure of industrial equipment in territories liberated by the Red Army from the fascist bloc states in 1944—1945. Based on an analysis of decrees by the State Defense Committee, the principles of interaction between representatives of industrial People’s Commissariats and military authorities in liberated territories are revealed, with the aim of dismantling and transporting the most promising industrial assets back to the USSR for the needs of restoring the country’s metallurgical complex. The paper provides examples of property disputes among leading economic entities — the industrial People's Commissariats of the USSR — over the right to dismantle industrial facilities for their own benefit. It also sheds light on the activities of Special Assembly Managements under the People’s Commissariat for Construction of the USSR and their authority in the process of seizing industrial assets in territories freed from German control in Eastern Europe. Using the case studies of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy enterprises located in territories of fascist bloc countries (Germany, Hungary) liberated by the Red Army, typical approaches to organizing the compulsory dismantling of their equipment are analyzed. The research conducted vividly demonstrates the significance of reparations seizures of industrial equipment in Eastern Europe for the modernization and recovery of the USSR’s metallurgical complex during 1944—1945.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228
K. A. Potashova
The article explores the mechanisms of poetic representation of celestial bodies, the celestial sphere, and extraordinary cosmic phenomena in Russian poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in the context of changing artistic paradigms (classicism and romanticism), poets’ worldview, and their artistic methods. It analyzes literary-critical articles from the 1820s-1840s and works by literary scholars from the second half of the 19th to the 21st centuries. The main research strategies for analyzing the cosmic imagery in Russian poetry of this period are identified. The existing methodology for interpreting the poetic works of G. R. Derzhavin and V. A. Zhukovsky, who were at the forefront of the leading artistic systems of the time, is evaluated in terms of understanding the image of the cosmic universe. It is determined that in literary criticism and scholarship, three main approaches have emerged in interpreting the image of the cosmic universe: interpretations of the astronomical universe as classical emblems, as typical elements of landscape in romantic aesthetics, and as ontologically charged images. It is proven that the study of cosmic motifs did not have a systematic character in relation to the literary process at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.
{"title":"Cosmic Imagery in Russian Poetry at Turn of 18th and 19th Centuries: Strategies of Study","authors":"K. A. Potashova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the mechanisms of poetic representation of celestial bodies, the celestial sphere, and extraordinary cosmic phenomena in Russian poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in the context of changing artistic paradigms (classicism and romanticism), poets’ worldview, and their artistic methods. It analyzes literary-critical articles from the 1820s-1840s and works by literary scholars from the second half of the 19th to the 21st centuries. The main research strategies for analyzing the cosmic imagery in Russian poetry of this period are identified. The existing methodology for interpreting the poetic works of G. R. Derzhavin and V. A. Zhukovsky, who were at the forefront of the leading artistic systems of the time, is evaluated in terms of understanding the image of the cosmic universe. It is determined that in literary criticism and scholarship, three main approaches have emerged in interpreting the image of the cosmic universe: interpretations of the astronomical universe as classical emblems, as typical elements of landscape in romantic aesthetics, and as ontologically charged images. It is proven that the study of cosmic motifs did not have a systematic character in relation to the literary process at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511
M. Tikhomirova, K. Tikhomirov
The article is dedicated to the history of the establishment of the villages of Malye Murly in the Tarsky District and Molodtsovo in the Muromtsevsky District of the Omsk Region, founded by Tatars during the period of mass migrations to Siberia. These villages no longer exist. The paper introduces documents from regional archives into scholarly discourse. Materials from the First All-Russian population census of 1897 have been analyzed to study the age, gender, and ethnic composition of the inhabitants. The article reconstructs the economic activities of the settlers. The authors conclude that the village of Malye Murly (also known as Novo-Murlinskaya) was established by Tatars from Ust-Tarskaya in the 1870s, while Molodtsovo (also known as Molodtsovsky settlement) was settled by residents of the Chipliarovski yurts prior to 1897. It is reported that both settlements lasted for about a century. Evidence suggests that the inhabitants of both settlements engaged little in agriculture; they had more developed livestock practices but lacked sufficient land resources, as the best lands were occupied by older settlements or belonged to the state. The authors conclude that in their formative stages, these settlements exhibit similar characteristics to another Tatar village, Mamshenkino in the Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region, which was also founded during this period and whose residents eventually dispersed.
{"title":"New Tatar Settlements in Lower Tara Area in Last Third of 19th Century: Foundation History, Population Structure, and Livelihoods","authors":"M. Tikhomirova, K. Tikhomirov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the history of the establishment of the villages of Malye Murly in the Tarsky District and Molodtsovo in the Muromtsevsky District of the Omsk Region, founded by Tatars during the period of mass migrations to Siberia. These villages no longer exist. The paper introduces documents from regional archives into scholarly discourse. Materials from the First All-Russian population census of 1897 have been analyzed to study the age, gender, and ethnic composition of the inhabitants. The article reconstructs the economic activities of the settlers. The authors conclude that the village of Malye Murly (also known as Novo-Murlinskaya) was established by Tatars from Ust-Tarskaya in the 1870s, while Molodtsovo (also known as Molodtsovsky settlement) was settled by residents of the Chipliarovski yurts prior to 1897. It is reported that both settlements lasted for about a century. Evidence suggests that the inhabitants of both settlements engaged little in agriculture; they had more developed livestock practices but lacked sufficient land resources, as the best lands were occupied by older settlements or belonged to the state. The authors conclude that in their formative stages, these settlements exhibit similar characteristics to another Tatar village, Mamshenkino in the Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region, which was also founded during this period and whose residents eventually dispersed.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210
I. Aktamov, Z. A. Debenova
The significance of this study lies in the necessity of conducting a scientific analysis of folklore and ethnographic materials collected by one of the first folklorists in ethnic Buryatia, S. P. Baldaev. The analysis was carried out on texts recorded in the Transbaikal and Pre-Baikal regions, which relate to the rituals of the Buryat life cycle, including wedding rituals, childbirth rituals, and initiation rituals. These rituals had a fundamental influence on the formation of the worldview of traditional Buryat society. It is emphasized that the life cycle rituals clearly differentiated gender and age responsibilities and regulated interpersonal relationships within the family. Folklore and ethnographic data preserved in the Center for Eastern Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhist Studies, and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are introduced into scientific circulation. The results of the study will contribute to enriching the Buryat understanding of the world order with new facts and historical materials, which are relevant both for academic science and for contemporary society, which has a demand for the revival of traditional values.
这项研究的意义在于，有必要对布里亚特民族最早的民俗学家之一 S. P. Baldaev 收集的民俗和人种学资料进行科学分析。分析的对象是外贝加尔和前贝加尔地区记录的文本，这些文本涉及布里亚特人的生命周期仪式，包括婚礼仪式、分娩仪式和入会仪式。这些仪式对布里亚特传统社会世界观的形成有着根本性的影响。需要强调的是，生命周期仪式明确区分了性别和年龄责任，并规范了家庭内部的人际关系。俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院蒙古学、佛学和藏学研究所东方手稿和木刻版画中心保存的民俗学和人种学资料被引入科学流通领域。研究成果将有助于用新的事实和史料丰富布里亚特人对世界秩序的认识，这既与学术科学有关，也与要求复兴传统价值观的当代社会有关。
{"title":"Life Cycle Rites in Worldview System of Buryat People (Material from Archive of S. P. Baldaev)","authors":"I. Aktamov, Z. A. Debenova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of this study lies in the necessity of conducting a scientific analysis of folklore and ethnographic materials collected by one of the first folklorists in ethnic Buryatia, S. P. Baldaev. The analysis was carried out on texts recorded in the Transbaikal and Pre-Baikal regions, which relate to the rituals of the Buryat life cycle, including wedding rituals, childbirth rituals, and initiation rituals. These rituals had a fundamental influence on the formation of the worldview of traditional Buryat society. It is emphasized that the life cycle rituals clearly differentiated gender and age responsibilities and regulated interpersonal relationships within the family. Folklore and ethnographic data preserved in the Center for Eastern Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhist Studies, and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are introduced into scientific circulation. The results of the study will contribute to enriching the Buryat understanding of the world order with new facts and historical materials, which are relevant both for academic science and for contemporary society, which has a demand for the revival of traditional values.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"27 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413
E. Y. Mokerova, K. N. Tarasov
This article proposes a classification of Vyatka church seals from the 18th to the early 20th century based on materials from the collection of sphragistics at the P. V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum. The criteria for classification include the affiliation of the seals with specific individuals and institutions, as well as the specific images depicted on the seals. The article identifies four groups of seals: seals of church administration, seals of spiritual educational institutions, seals of churches, and personal seals of clergy. The study reveals that state symbols, such as the doubleheaded eagle, were typically depicted on seals of church administration and spiritual educational institutions. Seals of parish churches depicted real church buildings or saints until the first third of the 19th century when they were replaced by a standardized image of a three-domed church. Seals belonging to Vyatka bishops were typically twosided with images of a blessing hand and the Holy Trinity. From the mid-19th century, they were replaced by one-sided seals with images of two blessing hands. All personal seals of bishops have circular legends with their names. Seals belonging to other clergy members contain information about the owner’s name, initials, surname, and sometimes their rank. The most popular symbol for all groups of seals was the All-Seeing Eye, symbolizing God’s omniscience.
本文以 P. V. Alabin Kirov 地区地方志博物馆收藏的文字学资料为基础，对 18 世纪至 20 世纪早期的维亚特卡教堂印章进行了分类。分类标准包括印章与特定个人和机构的隶属关系，以及印章上描绘的特定图像。文章确定了四类印章：教会管理印章、精神教育机构印章、教堂印章和神职人员个人印章。研究显示，教会行政机构和精神教育机构的印章上通常刻有双头鹰等国家标志。教区教堂的印章描绘的是真实的教堂建筑或圣人，直到 19 世纪前三分之一才被标准化的三圆顶教堂图像所取代。属于维亚特卡主教的印章通常是双面的，印有祝福之手和圣三一的图案。从 19 世纪中叶开始，这些印章被带有两只祝福之手图像的单面印章所取代。所有主教的个人印章上都有印有其姓名的圆形图例。其他神职人员的印章上则印有印章主人的姓名、首字母缩写、姓氏等信息，有时还有他们的级别。所有印章中最受欢迎的标志是 "全知之眼"，象征着上帝的全知全能。
{"title":"Vyatka Church Seals of Synodal Period: an Attempt at Classification (Collection of Sphragistics at P.V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum)","authors":"E. Y. Mokerova, K. N. Tarasov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a classification of Vyatka church seals from the 18th to the early 20th century based on materials from the collection of sphragistics at the P. V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum. The criteria for classification include the affiliation of the seals with specific individuals and institutions, as well as the specific images depicted on the seals. The article identifies four groups of seals: seals of church administration, seals of spiritual educational institutions, seals of churches, and personal seals of clergy. The study reveals that state symbols, such as the doubleheaded eagle, were typically depicted on seals of church administration and spiritual educational institutions. Seals of parish churches depicted real church buildings or saints until the first third of the 19th century when they were replaced by a standardized image of a three-domed church. Seals belonging to Vyatka bishops were typically twosided with images of a blessing hand and the Holy Trinity. From the mid-19th century, they were replaced by one-sided seals with images of two blessing hands. All personal seals of bishops have circular legends with their names. Seals belonging to other clergy members contain information about the owner’s name, initials, surname, and sometimes their rank. The most popular symbol for all groups of seals was the All-Seeing Eye, symbolizing God’s omniscience.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-230-247
A. B. Agafonova
This article examines the origins of Russian hydropower in the prerevolutionary period. From the 1880s, entrepreneurs in the Russian Empire began constructing small hydroelectric power stations for industrial purposes. Despite a lack of statelevel attention for these technologies for an extended period, they were studied by the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The First World War sparked interest in hydropower among government authorities as fuel and financial crises forced the government to seek cheaper energy sources. Legislative measures for regulating the use of water bodies and the practical application of hydropower, which were carried out by the government between 1915 and 1917, received further implementation in Bolshevik Russia. The author analyzes the process of transitioning from discussions about the potential uses of hydropower to the practical implementation of the first hydroelectric projects, emphasizing the key role of the war in accelerating this transition. The source base of the study consisted of administrative documents from the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, official statistics, press materials, and scholarly literature.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-305-325
M. I. Weber
The article is dedicated to the history of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, which prepared an uprising against Soviet authority. It introduces new information into academic discourse regarding its covert operations in the spring and summer of 1918. The existing historiographic views on the leadership composition and structure of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization have been expanded. The role of one of its previously unknown participants, the mining engineer Yuri Ilyich Kryzhanovsky, within the organization has been revealed. It has been proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky was one of the leaders of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, and that the headquarters of the underground movement was located in his father’s house. Key milestones in Kryzhanovsky’s biography have been established, including the final period associated with his service in Admiral Kolchak’s army. Kryzhanovsky’s connections with Major General A. N. Grishin-Almazov, commander of the Siberian Army, and the renowned revolutionary B. V. Savinkov are demonstrated. It is proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky participated in the creation of the All-Russian National Union in the city of Ufa and subsequently joined the leadership of the Yekaterinburg branch of the All-Russian National Union. The primary sources for reconstructing the biography of Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky were award documents from Kolchak’s army and newspaper materials.
这篇文章专门介绍了叶卡捷琳堡秘密军事组织的历史，该组织曾准备发动反对苏维埃当局的起义。文章在学术讨论中引入了有关该组织在 1918 年春夏秘密行动的新信息。关于叶卡捷琳堡秘密军事组织领导层的组成和结构的现有史学观点得到了扩展。以前不为人知的参与者之一，矿业工程师尤里-伊里奇-克列扎诺夫斯基在该组织中的作用也得到了揭示。事实证明，尤里-伊-克列扎诺夫斯基是叶卡捷琳堡秘密军事组织的领导人之一，地下运动的总部就设在他父亲的家中。克里扎诺夫斯基传记中的重要里程碑已经确定，其中包括他在科尔察克上将军队中服役的最后一段时期。克里扎诺夫斯基与西伯利亚军队司令 A. N. 格里申-阿尔马佐夫少将和著名革命家 B. V. 萨文科夫的关系也得到了证实。事实证明，尤里-伊-克列扎诺夫斯基参与了全俄民族联盟在乌法市的创建工作，并随后加入了全俄民族联盟叶卡捷琳堡分部的领导层。重建尤里-伊-克列扎诺夫斯基传记的主要资料来源是科尔察克军队的奖励文件和报纸资料。
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