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Stalingrad Battle in Mirror of Regional British Press (Western Post Newspaper, 1942—1943) 英国地区新闻界眼中的斯大林格勒战役(《西部邮报》,1942-1943 年)
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-1-448-465
M. Öztürk, Yu. G. Kokorina, M. M. Vagabov
Representation of the Stalingrad Battle in the British Press is examined in this study, with a focus on the coverage of events on the Volga in the regional British press. The specific portrayal of the Stalingrad Battle in the Western Post newspaper is analyzed, particularly during the defensive battles and the Soviet counteroffensive known as “Operation Uranus.” A review of all issues of the newspaper from 1942-1943 dedicated to the Stalingrad Battle is conducted. The novelty of this research lies in the introduction of a new historical source that is virtually unknown to both Russian and global readers. Typically, historiography examines materials from the central press. The relevance of this study is justified by the need to reveal a new perspective in the examination of the British press during wartime. The authors focus on how the Western Post portrayed the courage of Soviet soldiers, the professionalism of command, and the heroism of civilians in Stalingrad. It is proven that the local British press during World War II provided an overall objective picture of the battle on the Volga but paid less attention to events on the Eastern Front compared to operations in North Africa and the Mediterranean.
本研究探讨了英国报刊对斯大林格勒战役的报道,重点是英国地区报刊对伏尔加河事件的报道。研究分析了《西部邮报》对斯大林格勒战役的具体描述,尤其是在防御战和被称为 "天王星行动 "的苏联反攻期间。研究回顾了 1942-1943 年间该报所有关于斯大林格勒战役的报道。这项研究的新颖之处在于引入了俄罗斯和全球读者几乎都不知道的新历史资料。通常情况下,历史学研究的材料来自中央报刊。本研究之所以具有现实意义,是因为需要从一个新的角度来审视战时的英国报刊。作者重点研究了西方邮报如何描绘斯大林格勒苏军士兵的勇气、指挥人员的专业精神以及平民的英雄气概。事实证明,二战期间的英国地方报刊对伏尔加河战役进行了全面客观的报道,但与北非和地中海战役相比,对东线事件的关注较少。
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引用次数: 0
Public Discussion in Russia on Foreign Automobile Purchases and Import Substitution during First World War 第一次世界大战期间俄罗斯关于外国汽车采购和进口替代的公开讨论
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-1-374-396
A. A. Ivanov
The article examines the issue of Russian automobile transport’s dependence on foreign purchases during the First World War and the absence of a developed domestic automotive industry. For the first time, this question is explored through the prism of discussions held at public organization meetings, in the State Duma, and in the pages of periodicals. Special attention is paid to the importance of automobiles during the war, criticism of the existing situation in the automotive transport sector, the inadmissibility of its complete dependence on foreign states, and the necessity of import substitution through the creation of domestic automobile plants and related enterprises. New sources are introduced into the scholarly discourse, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of both the problems that have arisen in the field of automobile transport and their perception by Russian society. It is noted that, despite differences in approaches to organizing the domestic automotive industry, participants in the public discussion unanimously agreed on the need to overcome the situation that existed before the war, the inadmissibility of total dependence on foreign supplies in a matter of great importance to military affairs, and the urgency of developing national production of automobile transport on a state scale. 
文章探讨了第一次世界大战期间俄罗斯汽车运输依赖国外采购以及国内缺乏发达汽车工业的问题。文章首次通过公共组织会议、国家杜马和期刊上的讨论来探讨这一问题。其中特别关注了汽车在战争期间的重要性、对汽车运输业现状的批评、完全依赖外国的不可取性以及通过建立国内汽车厂和相关企业替代进口的必要性。学术论述中引入了新的资料来源,使人们能够更全面地了解汽车运输领域出现的问题以及俄罗斯社会对这些问题的看法。报告指出,尽管在组织国内汽车工业的方法上存在分歧,但公开讨论的参与者一致认为有必要克服战前存在的状况,在对军事事务极为重要的问题上不允许完全依赖外国供应,以及迫切需要发展国家规模的国内汽车运输生产。
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引用次数: 0
Preposition à la in Public Discourse of German Language 德语公共话语中的介词 à la
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-1-100-123
E. Shubina, A. Averina
The functioning of the French-origin preposition à la in the modern journalistic corpus of the German language is analyzed. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of linguistic description of this preposition in domestic and foreign German studies, despite its productivity in the German language. Combinations including the preposition à la were identified through a comprehensive sampling method in the DWDS corpus. The authors consider the preposition as synonymous with German derived prepositions that denote “similarity, likeness”: nach Art von, im Stile von, in der Art von, nach dem Prinzip von. It is noted that proper names (à la Agatha Christie) and predicative units (à la “Klinsmann liebt Leipzig”) serve as the main carriers of the preposition, with fewer examples involving concrete, abstract, and animate nouns. A paradigm of variable government for this preposition is proposed. The authors conclude that the choice of case government for the preposition is influenced by the structural characteristics of prepositional constructions, namely the presence / absence of an article or accompanying word after the preposition, as well as the gender and number of the governed noun.
本文分析了源于法语的介词 à la 在现代德语新闻语料库中的作用。尽管该介词在德语中的使用率很高,但国内外德语研究中缺乏对该介词的语言学描述,因此本研究具有现实意义。通过在 DWDS 语料库中全面抽样的方法,确定了包括介词 à la 在内的组合。作者认为该介词与德语中表示 "相似、类似 "的派生介词同义:nach Art von, im Stile von, in der Art von, nach dem Prinzip von。值得注意的是,专有名词(如阿加莎-克里斯蒂)和谓语单位(如 "克林斯曼爱上莱比锡")是介词的主要载体,涉及具体、抽象和有生命的名词的例子较少。该研究提出了一种介词的变格范式。作者的结论是,介词的变格选择受介词结构特征的影响,即介词后是否有冠词或伴随词,以及被支配名词的性别和数量。
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引用次数: 0
Comic Objectification of Concept of UGLINESS: Axiological Approach 将 "UGLINESS "概念对象化的漫画:公理法
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-1-125-140
A. I. Bochkarev
The article examines the features of the comic objectification of the aesthetic concept of UGLINESS from the perspective of axiological linguistics. The author applies an algorithm of axiological analysis, which includes the following stages: evaluating the audience’s reaction to relevant comic statements; identifying the ridiculed characteristics of the analyzed concept; analyzing remarks aimed at evaluating these characteristics; studying the linguistic features of concept actualization. As practical material, over 70 stand-up comedy shows and 700 episodes of various sitcoms were used. It is proposed to divide physical flaws into two groups: acquired and congenital. The main ridiculed acquired physical flaws of a person include excess weight, poor memory, and missing / deforming body parts / organs. Common ridiculed congenital physical flaws include non-standard shapes and sizes of human organs, short or tall stature, and speech defects. The main linguistic means of actualizing the concept of UGLINESS include direct designation, euphemisms, comparison, and hyperbole. It has been established that in English-language stand-up comedies and sitcoms, the gender characteristics of the comic object are primarily subjected to ridicule when actualizing the concept of UGLINESS. 
文章从公理语言学的角度研究了 "UGLINESS "这一美学概念的漫画对象化特征。作者采用了一种公理分析算法,包括以下几个阶段:评估观众对相关喜剧语句的反应;确定被分析概念的调侃特征;分析旨在评估这些特征的言论;研究概念现实化的语言特点。实际材料使用了 70 多个单口相声节目和 700 多集各种情景喜剧。建议将身体缺陷分为两类:后天性和先天性。后天身体缺陷主要包括体重超标、记忆力差、身体部位/器官缺失/变形等。常见的先天生理缺陷包括人体器官的形状和大小不符合标准、身材矮小或高大、语言缺陷等。实现 "丑 "这一概念的主要语言手段包括直接指称、委婉语、对比和夸张。有研究表明,在英语脱口秀喜剧和情景喜剧中,"丑 "这一概念的具体化主要是对喜剧对象的性别特征进行调侃。
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引用次数: 0
Image of Russian Pan-Slavism in German Official Press at End of 19th Century 19 世纪末德国官方报刊中的俄罗斯泛斯拉夫主义形象
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-326-343
N. A. Vlasov
The aim of the research is to reconstruct the image of Russian Pan-Slavism in the German official press during the Bismarck era. The study examines the characteristic features of this image and its evolution over time, with particular attention given to the relationship between the image of Russian Pan-Slavism and the development of Russiangerman relations. The key source for this research is official newspapers, which were used by the German government to influence public opinion within the country and to transmit unofficial messages to ruling circles in other European states. The relevance of this research lies in the significant impact that historically established images and perceptions have on international relations in the modern world. The study concludes that the official press referred to the stereotypical image of Russian Pan-Slavism as a dangerous threat to the European world, which existed in German society, and contributed to its further strengthening. This image was widely used in the second half of the 1880s during a serious crisis in Russiangerman relations.
本研究旨在重塑俾斯麦时代德国官方报刊中的俄罗斯泛斯拉夫主义形象。研究探讨了这一形象的特征及其随时间的演变,尤其关注了俄罗斯泛斯拉夫主义形象与俄德关系发展之间的关系。这项研究的主要资料来源是官方报纸,德国政府利用这些报纸影响国内舆论,并向其他欧洲国家的统治集团传递非官方信息。这项研究的意义在于,历史上形成的形象和观念对现代世界的国际关系具有重大影响。研究得出的结论是,官方媒体将德国社会中存在的俄罗斯泛斯拉夫主义的刻板形象视为对欧洲世界的危险威胁,并促使其进一步强化。这一形象在 19 世纪 80 年代后半期俄德关系出现严重危机时被广泛使用。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation Policy in OECD Activities: A Historical Reconstruction on Neo-Gramscian Foundations 经合组织活动中的创新政策:新葛兰西主义基础上的历史重构
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-265-287
E. A. Antuykhova, D. A. Talagaeva
The article offers a historical analysis of the formation and development of the concept of “innovation” in the discourse of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The theoretical and methodological foundation of the analysis is based on contemporary international political economy, which posits the necessity of considering international institutions as expressions of certain group interests. A characteristic feature of this approach is its reliance on the views of A. Gramsci, who argued that contrary to the original tenets of historical materialism, social processes do not arise as a direct realization of the interests of the ruling class but reflect compromises reached between it and other groups in society. Accordingly, examining the development of ideas about innovation from this perspective demonstrates that this process operates as a reflection of the converging interests of the scientific community, financial capital, and the electronics industry, forming a “historic bloc” that holds a stable position in Western society. Taking OECD documents as the subject of research, which acts as an influential center for policy development with characteristic features of both a political and scientific organization, allows for discerning traces of the historical bloc’s construction and its ideological shaping within these documents. The article traces the prehistory of the emergence of this bloc, the formation of compromises that bind its participants, and the construction of innovation policy as a way to express interests that have come to the forefront as a result of these compromises.
文章对经济合作与发展组织(OECD)话语中 "创新 "概念的形成和发展进行了历史分析。分析的理论和方法论基础是当代国际政治经济学,认为有必要将国际机构视为某些集团利益的表达。葛兰西认为,与历史唯物主义的原始信条相反,社会进程的产生并不是统治阶级利益的直接实现,而是反映了统治阶级与社会其他群体之间达成的妥协。因此,从这一视角审视创新思想的发展,就会发现这一过程的运作反映了科学界、金融资本和电子工业的利益趋同,形成了一个在西方社会占据稳定地位的 "历史集团"。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)是一个有影响力的政策制定中心,具有政治组织和科学组织的双重特征,以该组织的文件为研究对象,可以在这些文件中发现历史集团的构建及其意识形态塑造的痕迹。文章追溯了这一集团出现的前史、约束其参与者的妥协的形成,以及创新政策作为表达利益的一种方式的构建,而这些利益正是这些妥协的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Counterintelligence Activities of Gendarmerie Railway Police before and during World War I 第一次世界大战之前和期间宪兵铁路警察的反间谍活动
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-360-377
P. A. Kolpakov, R. Arslanov
The article analyzes the role of the gendarmerie railway police in the system of counterintelligence agencies in the Russian Empire before and during World War I. Based on documentary materials, the goals of enemy espionage on railways are revealed. Measures taken by the gendarmerie to restrict photography of railway infrastructure are examined. Through analysis of secret correspondence between gendarmerie leaders and railway department heads, categories of individuals most actively recruited by German and Austro-Hungarian intelligence for espionage are identified: prisoners of war, foreign nationals not involved in combat, and children. The organization of surveillance of foreign officials’ railway transport movements within the Russian Empire is also explored. The conclusion is drawn that the gendarmerie railway police’s ability to carry out counterintelligence tasks was complicated by their simultaneous duties as general and political police, as well as the scale of the infrastructure they were tasked with protecting.
文章分析了第一次世界大战之前和期间宪兵铁路警察在俄罗斯帝国反间谍机构系统中的作用。研究了宪兵为限制铁路基础设施摄影而采取的措施。通过分析宪兵队领导人与铁路部门负责人之间的秘密通信,确定了德国和奥匈帝国情报部门最积极招募从事间谍活动的人员类别:战俘、未参战的外国公民和儿童。此外,还探讨了在俄罗斯帝国境内监视外国官员铁路运输活动的组织情况。得出的结论是,宪兵铁路警察执行反间谍任务的能力因其同时担任普通警察和政治警察的职责以及他们负责保护的基础设施的规模而变得复杂。
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引用次数: 0
Russian Tea Trade in Hankou during Second Half of 19th Century: Production of Brick Tea 19 世纪下半叶汉口的俄罗斯茶叶贸易:砖茶生产
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-512-528
I. R. Khamzin, R. Ganiev
This article addresses the issue of producing the socalled “brick tea” in China at Russian factories during the second half of the 19th century. Compressed teas constituted the second largest group after looseleaf teas highlighted in prerevolutionary Russian literature, sources, and statistics among Chinese teas exported to the Russian market. The study explores aspects of brick tea production that have been least covered in previous historiography. These include issues related to the procurement of raw materials for further pressing at Russian factories, pricing strategies for this product, and the accompanying competition. The experience of utilizing hydraulic presses for more efficient tea production, as well as the dynamics and volumes of brick tea production, are examined. The research revealed that in the latter half of the 19th century, Russian entrepreneurs in Hankou successfully organized the process of fabricating pressed teas, thereby contributing to the strengthening and further development of Russo-Chinese relations. Documents from central Russian archives were utilized in this study, enabling the unveiling of many previously unexplored aspects of the history of Russo-Chinese trade.
本文探讨了 19 世纪下半叶俄国工厂在中国生产所谓 "砖茶 "的问题。在革命前俄国的文献、资料和统计中,压制茶是继散装茶之后,出口到俄国市场的中国茶叶的第二大类。本研究探讨了砖茶生产的一些方面,而这些方面在以往的历史研究中涉及得最少。这些方面包括俄罗斯工厂为进一步压制而采购原材料的相关问题、该产品的定价策略以及随之而来的竞争。研究还探讨了利用液压机提高茶叶生产效率的经验,以及砖茶生产的动态和数量。研究显示,19 世纪后半叶,汉口的俄罗斯企业家成功地组织了压制茶叶的生产过程,从而为加强和进一步发展中俄关系做出了贡献。本研究利用了俄罗斯中央档案馆的文件,从而揭示了中俄贸易史中许多以前未曾探索过的方面。
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引用次数: 0
Limits of Possibility: Practices of Administrative Sanctions Against Russian Periodical Press at Beginning of 20th Century 可能性的限制:20 世纪初对俄罗斯期刊媒体的行政处罚做法
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-248-264
I. V. Alferova, V. F. Blokhin
The study examines the mechanisms of censorship restrictions on Russian periodical press that had become widespread by the beginning of the 20th century. It explores the history of the development of censorship during the post-reform era and the stages of reorganization of the censorship apparatus in the context of changing Russian realities in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The issue of legislative initiatives regulating the coverage of domestic political events in the pages of Russian periodicals is addressed. Special attention is given to the practice of using administrative resources in the form of mandatory decrees by governors to establish control over local press. The documents for analysis were extracted by the authors from the archives of the Police Department of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. They contain information about specific instances of administrative penalties and fines imposed by governors on newspaper editors. Comparing this information with the content of articles subjected to penalties allowed for the identification of "the limits of possibility" for periodical press that existed locally in the perceptions of administrators. The review conducted led to the conclusion that mandatory decrees provided provincial administrations with the right, based on their own biases and convictions, to censor political content in print publications, thereby influencing public opinion.
本研究探讨了 20 世纪初普遍存在的俄罗斯期刊新闻审查限制机制。研究探讨了后改革时代新闻检查制度的发展历史,以及 19 世纪下半叶和 20 世纪初俄罗斯现实变化背景下新闻检查机构的重组阶段。还探讨了规范俄罗斯期刊对国内政治事件报道的立法举措问题。特别关注的是以省长强制性法令的形式利用行政资源对地方报刊进行控制的做法。用于分析的文件由作者从俄罗斯联邦国家档案局警察部的档案中提取。其中包含州长对报刊编辑实施行政处罚和罚款的具体案例信息。将这些信息与受到处罚的文章内容进行比较,可以确定当地行政人员对期刊报刊的 "可 能限制"。审查得出的结论是,强制性法令为省级行政部门提供了根据自己的偏见和信念对印刷出版物中的政治内容进行审查的权利,从而影响公众舆论。
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引用次数: 0
TV Series in a Big City: Geo-Poetics of Telenovelas 1980s—2020s 大城市中的电视剧:1980 年代至 2020 年代电视小说的地理诗学
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-166-191
L. Kislova, T. N. Ratsen, S. O. Dracheva
The article explores the influence of toponymic images on the aesthetics of popular foreign and Russian television Series. The television series is a specific artistic model, the transformation and functioning of which is the result of significant television influence on the audience. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that, being a key genre of contemporary mass culture on one hand, and a multimedia text on the other, the series allows visual content to displace verbal content and constructs a certain reality in the minds of viewers. Within the framework of the geopoetic approach, the authors of the article examine the image of the city in television projects from different years, analyze the functions of urban signs and symbols, and identify various artistic techniques used to characterize characters and represent national-cultural spaces. Special attention is given to the role of the city as a setting and a tool for plot development in TV shows. The result of the study is the identification of the dynamics of the city image in television projects from the 1980s to the 2020s, which allows us to characterize television Series not only as a source of entertainment, but also as a social and national project that claims one of the dominant positions in contemporary culture.
文章探讨了地名图像对外国和俄罗斯流行电视剧美学的影响。电视剧是一种特殊的艺术模式,它的转变和运作是电视对观众产生重大影响的结果。它的独特性在于,一方面作为当代大众文化的重要体裁,另一方面作为多媒体文本,电视剧允许视觉内容取代语言内容,并在观众心中构建某种现实。文章作者在地舆学方法的框架内,研究了不同年代电视项目中的城市形象,分析了城市标志和符号的功能,并确定了用于塑造人物形象和表现民族文化空间的各种艺术手法。文章特别关注了城市在电视节目中作为情节发展的背景和工具的作用。研究的成果是确定了 20 世纪 80 年代至 2020 年代电视项目中城市形象的动态,这使我们能够将《电视连续剧》的特点描述为不仅是一种娱乐来源,而且也是一种在当代文化中占据主导地位的社会和国家项目。
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引用次数: 0
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Nauchnyi Dialog
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