Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-8-47-64
E. A. Barmina, O. G. Skidan
The aim of this article is to describe the mechanism of determining the key parameters of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character in a literary text in terms of achieving pragmatic adequacy in translation. The material used for analysis includes the novel ‘Flowers for Algernon’ by Daniel Keyes, the short story ‘Survivor Type’ by Stephen King, and the novel ‘American Psycho’ by Bret Easton Ellis. The authors utilize a proposed algorithm of pretranslation analysis as a tool. It has been established that specific linguistic markers are employed in creating the speech portrait in literary texts, observed through one or multiple parameters. These linguistic markers accurately characterize the existing facts of altered language consciousness in mental disorders. Components of the character’s speech portrait may include verbal aggression (obscene language), metaphors, specific sentence structures, verbalization of grandiosity, etc. The authors conclude that the proposed algorithm, with the application of psycholinguistics data, allows for tracing the peculiarities of selecting expressive means in the original text and identifying relevant markers of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character for subsequent representation of these characteristics as functional dominants in translation. This will help avoid shifts in realizing the character’s image in translation.
{"title":"Speech Portrait of a Mentally Unhealthy Character as a Translation Problem","authors":"E. A. Barmina, O. G. Skidan","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-8-47-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-8-47-64","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to describe the mechanism of determining the key parameters of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character in a literary text in terms of achieving pragmatic adequacy in translation. The material used for analysis includes the novel ‘Flowers for Algernon’ by Daniel Keyes, the short story ‘Survivor Type’ by Stephen King, and the novel ‘American Psycho’ by Bret Easton Ellis. The authors utilize a proposed algorithm of pretranslation analysis as a tool. It has been established that specific linguistic markers are employed in creating the speech portrait in literary texts, observed through one or multiple parameters. These linguistic markers accurately characterize the existing facts of altered language consciousness in mental disorders. Components of the character’s speech portrait may include verbal aggression (obscene language), metaphors, specific sentence structures, verbalization of grandiosity, etc. The authors conclude that the proposed algorithm, with the application of psycholinguistics data, allows for tracing the peculiarities of selecting expressive means in the original text and identifying relevant markers of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character for subsequent representation of these characteristics as functional dominants in translation. This will help avoid shifts in realizing the character’s image in translation.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"18 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-236-253
A. V. Baranov, V. V. Kasyanov, Yu. A. Yakhutl
The article examines the reforms in power relations between the government and rural population in the Kuban-Black Sea region during the transition to the New Economic Policy (March 1921—1924). The study is based on materials from party and state authorities, as well as statistics. A systemic approach and diachronic comparative analysis are applied. The authors argue that until the fall of 1922, the system of power relations with the rural population in Kuban-Black Sea region maintained the predominance of the features of “war communism”: compulsory and arbitrary taxation, appointment of governing bodies, and repression. The specificity of the region was manifested in the combination of class and estate divisions of society, as well as Cossackization. It is shown that the transition to the NEP required a fundamental change in power relations with the peasantry, shifting towards the principles of material interest and civil peace, making the middle class and Cossacks loyal. It is emphasized that attitudes towards the NEP were contradictory, with local party and Soviet workers preferring to rely on military-communist methods. The authors conclude that a contradictory system of power and social relations was formed based on compromises and indirect coercion during food and land policies and during elections to the Soviets. By the fall of 1924, the RCP(b) was forced to concede to peasant demands on key aspects of reform.
{"title":"Power Relations and Rural Population in Kuban-Black Sea Region during 1921—1924","authors":"A. V. Baranov, V. V. Kasyanov, Yu. A. Yakhutl","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-236-253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-236-253","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the reforms in power relations between the government and rural population in the Kuban-Black Sea region during the transition to the New Economic Policy (March 1921—1924). The study is based on materials from party and state authorities, as well as statistics. A systemic approach and diachronic comparative analysis are applied. The authors argue that until the fall of 1922, the system of power relations with the rural population in Kuban-Black Sea region maintained the predominance of the features of “war communism”: compulsory and arbitrary taxation, appointment of governing bodies, and repression. The specificity of the region was manifested in the combination of class and estate divisions of society, as well as Cossackization. It is shown that the transition to the NEP required a fundamental change in power relations with the peasantry, shifting towards the principles of material interest and civil peace, making the middle class and Cossacks loyal. It is emphasized that attitudes towards the NEP were contradictory, with local party and Soviet workers preferring to rely on military-communist methods. The authors conclude that a contradictory system of power and social relations was formed based on compromises and indirect coercion during food and land policies and during elections to the Soviets. By the fall of 1924, the RCP(b) was forced to concede to peasant demands on key aspects of reform.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-312-329
A. Yu. Vyazinkin, K. A. Yakimov
The article presents a reconstruction and analysis of the socio-psychological portrait of the radical generation of the “revolutionary turning point” of the early 20 th century. It is noted that the basis of this generation consisted of young people of peasant origin who experienced the historical dynamic destabilization of society. Based on archival sources, the characteristic features of the problem are determined in a generational aspect. Historical sources, including autobiographies and memoirs of political prisoners, allowed tracing the process of formation of left-radical sentiments among young people of peasant origin. At the same time, a large part of archival documents is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The social behavior of revolutionary radicals is considered in the context of accelerated modernization processes in the Russian Empire at the turn of the century. The authors conclude that it was precisely the peasant youth at the beginning of the 20 th century that was in the vanguard of the revolutionary movement. It is claimed that many of its representatives carried “anarchistic” sentiments from the village, since during this period the authority of monarchical power was being questioned. It is emphasized that acquaintance with revolutionary ideas had a significant influence on the motivation of their social action and the degree of its radicalization.
{"title":"Between Village and City: Radicals of “Revolutionary Breakthrough” Generation at beginning of 20th Century","authors":"A. Yu. Vyazinkin, K. A. Yakimov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-312-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-312-329","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a reconstruction and analysis of the socio-psychological portrait of the radical generation of the “revolutionary turning point” of the early 20 th century. It is noted that the basis of this generation consisted of young people of peasant origin who experienced the historical dynamic destabilization of society. Based on archival sources, the characteristic features of the problem are determined in a generational aspect. Historical sources, including autobiographies and memoirs of political prisoners, allowed tracing the process of formation of left-radical sentiments among young people of peasant origin. At the same time, a large part of archival documents is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The social behavior of revolutionary radicals is considered in the context of accelerated modernization processes in the Russian Empire at the turn of the century. The authors conclude that it was precisely the peasant youth at the beginning of the 20 th century that was in the vanguard of the revolutionary movement. It is claimed that many of its representatives carried “anarchistic” sentiments from the village, since during this period the authority of monarchical power was being questioned. It is emphasized that acquaintance with revolutionary ideas had a significant influence on the motivation of their social action and the degree of its radicalization.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-486-505
A. I. Tatarnikova
The study analyzes the population, typology, and size of settlements in the Novosibirsk district, which was one of the administrative-territorial units of the Siberian region in 1925—1930. The peculiarities of the development of the settlement network in this district are determined in comparison with neighboring districts. Data on the quantitative ratio of settlements of different types, their household and population composition are presented for the first time, and continuity and transformation in the development of the settlement system in the district are traced. The relevance of the study lies not only in the poorly studied nature of the topic but also in the possibility of using historical experience from previous generations to build an effective agricultural policy and revive the Russian village in its modern stage of development. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the functioning of the settlement network in the early years of Soviet power, including the typical structure of its units, the average number of peasant households in settlements of different types, and the placement of mono-ethnic settlements in the Novosibirsk district. A new trend has been noted in transforming rural settlements into urban ones, expressed in a refusal to make purely administrative decisions on this issue in favor of taking into account the sequential evolution of a specific settlement.
{"title":"Network of Settlements in Novosibirsk District in 1920s: Population, Structure and Development Features","authors":"A. I. Tatarnikova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-486-505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-486-505","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzes the population, typology, and size of settlements in the Novosibirsk district, which was one of the administrative-territorial units of the Siberian region in 1925—1930. The peculiarities of the development of the settlement network in this district are determined in comparison with neighboring districts. Data on the quantitative ratio of settlements of different types, their household and population composition are presented for the first time, and continuity and transformation in the development of the settlement system in the district are traced. The relevance of the study lies not only in the poorly studied nature of the topic but also in the possibility of using historical experience from previous generations to build an effective agricultural policy and revive the Russian village in its modern stage of development. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the functioning of the settlement network in the early years of Soviet power, including the typical structure of its units, the average number of peasant households in settlements of different types, and the placement of mono-ethnic settlements in the Novosibirsk district. A new trend has been noted in transforming rural settlements into urban ones, expressed in a refusal to make purely administrative decisions on this issue in favor of taking into account the sequential evolution of a specific settlement.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-330-345
C. Kaygusuz, Yu. G. Kokorina, M. M. Vagabov
Revealing the specific portrayal of information about the Battle of Stalingrad in the English press during the Great Patriotic War, this article analyzes publications in the newspaper ‘British Ally,’ which was published in Great Britain in the Russian language for Russian readers. The question arises about the necessity of applying a new direction in global science — imagology — for such research. The novelty of this study lies in being the first to examine material from a publication that has not attracted much attention from Russian scholars from the perspective of this field. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to uncover a new perspective in studying the British press during wartime. The contexts of mentions about the Battle of Stalingrad in the weekly ‘British Ally’ are presented. It is proven that although an admiring attitude towards the Soviet victories at Stalingrad slips through in some articles, the publication does not give special attention to the Battle of Volga. It is shown that the newspaper emphasizes the idea of the selfless resistance of the British army against Nazi Germany in Africa and Sicily, as well as their desire to open a second front. The authors conclude that the newspaper presents these events and desires as equivalent to the struggle of the Soviet people, which does not find approval or desired response among the newspaper’s readers (the Russian people).
{"title":"“I Share Admiration of My People for Glorious Feats of Soviet Armed Forces”: Newspaper ‘British Ally’ on Battle of Stalingrad","authors":"C. Kaygusuz, Yu. G. Kokorina, M. M. Vagabov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-330-345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-330-345","url":null,"abstract":"Revealing the specific portrayal of information about the Battle of Stalingrad in the English press during the Great Patriotic War, this article analyzes publications in the newspaper ‘British Ally,’ which was published in Great Britain in the Russian language for Russian readers. The question arises about the necessity of applying a new direction in global science — imagology — for such research. The novelty of this study lies in being the first to examine material from a publication that has not attracted much attention from Russian scholars from the perspective of this field. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to uncover a new perspective in studying the British press during wartime. The contexts of mentions about the Battle of Stalingrad in the weekly ‘British Ally’ are presented. It is proven that although an admiring attitude towards the Soviet victories at Stalingrad slips through in some articles, the publication does not give special attention to the Battle of Volga. It is shown that the newspaper emphasizes the idea of the selfless resistance of the British army against Nazi Germany in Africa and Sicily, as well as their desire to open a second front. The authors conclude that the newspaper presents these events and desires as equivalent to the struggle of the Soviet people, which does not find approval or desired response among the newspaper’s readers (the Russian people).","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-218-235
R. A. Arslanov, P. A. Kolpakov
The study examines the historical experience of interaction between the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire and covert informants in political organizations. It explores the establishment of intelligence work on railways, the monitoring of its effectiveness, the verification of the reliability of secret agents, and the identification of provocateurs and blackmailers among them. The materials for analysis are extracted from previously unpublished secret and top-secret case files of the gendarmerie police departments of the railways. The authors provide their own definition of intelligence work. It is emphasized that priority was given to recruiting informants who had a financial interest in collaborating with the police. The study demonstrates that the value of information obtained by secret agents was the main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of financial resources allocated to intelligence work. The authors highlight the need for caution in establishing relationships between railway gendarmes and informants due to the possibility of assassination attempts against handlers or the provision of misinformation. The study concludes that assigning the duty of recruiting political agents and obtaining information through them was justified by the need to suppress revolutionary movements, but inertia in acquiring informants and the scale of crises in the empire prevented the achievement of the set goal.
{"title":"Gendarmerie Railway Police of Russian Empire in Early 20th Century: Working with Political Agents","authors":"R. A. Arslanov, P. A. Kolpakov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-218-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-218-235","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the historical experience of interaction between the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire and covert informants in political organizations. It explores the establishment of intelligence work on railways, the monitoring of its effectiveness, the verification of the reliability of secret agents, and the identification of provocateurs and blackmailers among them. The materials for analysis are extracted from previously unpublished secret and top-secret case files of the gendarmerie police departments of the railways. The authors provide their own definition of intelligence work. It is emphasized that priority was given to recruiting informants who had a financial interest in collaborating with the police. The study demonstrates that the value of information obtained by secret agents was the main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of financial resources allocated to intelligence work. The authors highlight the need for caution in establishing relationships between railway gendarmes and informants due to the possibility of assassination attempts against handlers or the provision of misinformation. The study concludes that assigning the duty of recruiting political agents and obtaining information through them was justified by the need to suppress revolutionary movements, but inertia in acquiring informants and the scale of crises in the empire prevented the achievement of the set goal.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-428-449
D. A. Pinaeva, E. R. Salakhutdinova
The article analyzes proposals for the activation of inventive and rationalizing activities in the mid-1950s to the 1960s, as well as measures to stimulate the implementation of inventions in production. The study examines archival documents of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Rationalizers. The main problems of mass inventiveness and rationalization development, as well as the characteristic features of the system of scientific and technical progress management in the USSR, are identified. The key role of the state in supporting various forms of inventive activity is emphasized. It is established that the centralized system of invention management corresponded to the idea of the need for a comprehensive approach to managing scientific and technical progress. However, it is noted that numerous restructuring of the state management system during the studied period, departmentalization, and the lack of a unified state scientific and technical policy reduced the effectiveness of the measures taken. The complex tasks aimed at increasing the efficiency of inventiveness and rationalization are described. The conclusion is drawn about the understanding by the officials of the leading bodies of the problems of innovative development in the USSR. This is confirmed by attempts to develop a comprehensive program to stimulate inventive activity and expedite the implementation of inventions in production.
{"title":"Planned Innovations: Proposals for Enhancing Inventiveness Efficiency in USSR in Mid-1950s to Late 1960s","authors":"D. A. Pinaeva, E. R. Salakhutdinova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-428-449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-428-449","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes proposals for the activation of inventive and rationalizing activities in the mid-1950s to the 1960s, as well as measures to stimulate the implementation of inventions in production. The study examines archival documents of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Rationalizers. The main problems of mass inventiveness and rationalization development, as well as the characteristic features of the system of scientific and technical progress management in the USSR, are identified. The key role of the state in supporting various forms of inventive activity is emphasized. It is established that the centralized system of invention management corresponded to the idea of the need for a comprehensive approach to managing scientific and technical progress. However, it is noted that numerous restructuring of the state management system during the studied period, departmentalization, and the lack of a unified state scientific and technical policy reduced the effectiveness of the measures taken. The complex tasks aimed at increasing the efficiency of inventiveness and rationalization are described. The conclusion is drawn about the understanding by the officials of the leading bodies of the problems of innovative development in the USSR. This is confirmed by attempts to develop a comprehensive program to stimulate inventive activity and expedite the implementation of inventions in production.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-411-427
N. A. Lagoshina
Based on the analysis of the acts of the Irish Parliament, patent lists and charters of the English king, as well as petitions, the author identifies the main directions of interaction between the English and the Irish in the 14th-15th centuries, and examines the privileges of coastal towns in southern Ireland. Factors of migration are established. Attention is paid to the connections between landlords, established through client-patronage relationships and land grants. The relevance of the topic is due to the underestimation in historiography of the degree of connections between England and Ireland, which were a determining factor in choosing the country for migration, as well as the lack of works on the specific problem. Source analysis demonstrated that interaction was established not only in the sphere of trade and law, but also at a cultural and everyday level. The author concludes that the active development of trade in the Irish Sea, the spread of English legislation and language, helped the Irish adapt more quickly in coastal towns in England. The emigration of Irish people from four counties to England, in turn, stimulated internal migration of native Irish to Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Kildare.
{"title":"Interaction between English and Irish as a Factor of Irish Migration in 14th–15th Centuries","authors":"N. A. Lagoshina","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-411-427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-411-427","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the acts of the Irish Parliament, patent lists and charters of the English king, as well as petitions, the author identifies the main directions of interaction between the English and the Irish in the 14th-15th centuries, and examines the privileges of coastal towns in southern Ireland. Factors of migration are established. Attention is paid to the connections between landlords, established through client-patronage relationships and land grants. The relevance of the topic is due to the underestimation in historiography of the degree of connections between England and Ireland, which were a determining factor in choosing the country for migration, as well as the lack of works on the specific problem. Source analysis demonstrated that interaction was established not only in the sphere of trade and law, but also at a cultural and everyday level. The author concludes that the active development of trade in the Irish Sea, the spread of English legislation and language, helped the Irish adapt more quickly in coastal towns in England. The emigration of Irish people from four counties to England, in turn, stimulated internal migration of native Irish to Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Kildare.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-525-542
I. V. Cherkasyanova
The article is devoted to the analysis of laws about German colonies near St. Petersburg, published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The documents from 1763 to 1803 are studied. The relevance of the work is determined by the state of historiography on Russian Germans in the Northwest. A review and analysis of the texts of laws are carried out, historical information contained in the texts is analyzed, missing documents that were used in practice are identified. The names of officials mentioned in the laws are revealed. It is stated that the corpus of laws for research is divided into acts related to all foreign colonists in Russia and acts regulating the life of St. Petersburg colonies. It is noted that laws related to suburban colonies are divided into two groups: documents of “northern” colonies founded in the 18 th century and “coastal” colonies that emerged in the first decade of the 19 th century. Laws about “northern” colonies are considered, which relate to the admission and placement of colonists, their internal structure, economic development, size of land grants, state debt, and its repayment. It is established that from the end of the 18 th century, the topic of colonists leaving for the city and forming a layer of craftsmen and merchants from among them arises. German colonies; St. Petersburg colonists; legislation; Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire; St. Petersburg; Tsarskoe Selo; Oranienbaum; patrimonial and state lands.
{"title":"Legislation on German Colonies Near St. Petersburg in 18th — Early 19th Centuries (Complete Collection of Laws of Russian Empire)","authors":"I. V. Cherkasyanova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-525-542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-525-542","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of laws about German colonies near St. Petersburg, published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The documents from 1763 to 1803 are studied. The relevance of the work is determined by the state of historiography on Russian Germans in the Northwest. A review and analysis of the texts of laws are carried out, historical information contained in the texts is analyzed, missing documents that were used in practice are identified. The names of officials mentioned in the laws are revealed. It is stated that the corpus of laws for research is divided into acts related to all foreign colonists in Russia and acts regulating the life of St. Petersburg colonies. It is noted that laws related to suburban colonies are divided into two groups: documents of “northern” colonies founded in the 18 th century and “coastal” colonies that emerged in the first decade of the 19 th century. Laws about “northern” colonies are considered, which relate to the admission and placement of colonists, their internal structure, economic development, size of land grants, state debt, and its repayment. It is established that from the end of the 18 th century, the topic of colonists leaving for the city and forming a layer of craftsmen and merchants from among them arises. German colonies; St. Petersburg colonists; legislation; Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire; St. Petersburg; Tsarskoe Selo; Oranienbaum; patrimonial and state lands.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-393-410
S. V. Kulikov
The article examines the reform of the state system of the Russian Empire in 1905—1906, which culminated in the publication of the Fundamental State Laws on April 23, 1906, which summed up the previous reforms and became the first domestic constitution. It is noted that at the final stage of the preparation of the Fundamental Laws, there was a problem of integrating the Guardianship Council of the Empress Maria’s Institutions into the new political reality. It is emphasized that legislative measures related to this institution were passed through the Guardianship Council, while according to the new Fundamental Laws, all legislative measures were supposed to go through the State Duma and the State Council. For the first time in scientific historiography, based on previously unknown archival materials, the article examines how representatives of the highest imperial bureaucracy, directly involved in preparing the draft Fundamental Laws, solved this problem. Bureaucratic practices and strategies are analyzed. The author concludes that these representatives acted as defenders of the principles of separation of powers and unity of the legislative path, opposing the inclusion of the Guardianship Council’s legislative nature in the Fundamental Laws. It is shown that a similar position was taken by Nicholas II, which predetermined the exclusion of an article about the Guardianship Council from the final version of the Fundamental Laws.
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