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Toponymic Landscape of Shadrinsk in Aspect of Regional and Local Identity: A Sociolinguistic Study 从地区和地方身份角度看沙特林斯克的地名景观:社会语言学研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-28-48
M. Golomidova, S. Goryaev
This article addresses the issue of representing regional and local identity in urban toponymy. Based on a sociological interpretation of the phenomenon of territorial identity in an urban environment, the authors aim to identify how residents perceive the toponymic / urbanonymic landscape as a translator of local distinctiveness. The study was conducted in the Zaural city of Shadrinsk, founded in the 17th century. The research method involved a targeted survey of residents on the Internet, followed by socio- and linguocultural interpretation of the data obtained. The results of the study allowed for the identification of stable key characteristics in the established image of Shadrinsk among its residents. A discrepancy was found between the need to update the urbanonymic landscape by emphasizing its unique features and the insufficient efforts in this direction. Data was collected on preferred nominative themes for potential names, and new urbanonyms were proposed that could best support the city’s key characteristics and enhance the representation of its regional and local identity.
本文探讨了在城市地名中体现区域和地方特征的问题。基于对城市环境中地域认同现象的社会学解释,作者旨在确定居民如何看待地名/城市地名景观作为地方特色的翻译者。研究在 17 世纪建立的沙德林斯克市(Zaural city of Shadrinsk)进行。研究方法包括在互联网上对居民进行有针对性的调查,然后对获得的数据进行社会和语言文化解读。研究结果确定了沙德林斯克在居民心目中既定形象的稳定关键特征。通过强调城市地名的独特性来更新城市地名景观的必要性与在这方面所做的努力之间存在差异。我们收集了有关潜在名称首选提名主题的数据,并提出了新的城市地名,这些地名能够最好地支持该城市的主要特征,并增强其区域和地方特征的代表性。
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引用次数: 0
Fight for Sobriety in Russia at Beginning of 20th Century: Discussion on Low-Alcohol Beverages 20 世纪初俄罗斯的戒酒斗争:关于低酒精饮料的讨论
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-517-532
I. A. Shevchenko, L. I. Zemtsov
The problem of alcohol consumption and the struggle for sobriety in Russia in the early 20th century is being investigated. The discussion in government and public circles about the possibility of effectively combating drunkenness by spreading the culture of consuming low-alcohol beverages (primarily beer) among the people is analyzed. The aim of the article is to analyze how viable this idea could have been in the realities of that time. The relevance of addressing this topic is due to the ongoing search in modern Russia for ways to spread the values of a healthy lifestyle among the population in the face of the interests of producers and sellers of various types of alcohol in preserving and increasing their profits. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and comparative analysis. Among the sources used are archival materials (from the RGIA funds), press, stenographic reports of State Duma meetings, and journalism. The sources used together allow achieving the set goal. The main result of the research is to clarify the circumstances and reasons for the victory of domestic temperance forces over the “beer lobby” in the 1900s—1910s, the main reason being the unwillingness of the government, society, and the masses to replace strong vodka with beer on a national scale.
对 20 世纪初俄罗斯的饮酒问题和戒酒斗争进行了研究。文章分析了政府和公众对通过在人们中传播饮用低酒精饮料(主要是啤酒)的文化来有效遏制酗酒的可能性的讨论。文章的目的是分析这一想法在当时的现实情况下有多大的可行性。之所以要探讨这个问题,是因为现代俄罗斯一直在寻找在民众中传播健康生活方式价值观的途径,而各种酒类的生产商和销售商却在维护和增加其利润。研究方法基于历史主义和比较分析的原则。使用的资料来源包括档案资料(来自 RGIA 基金)、新闻、国家杜马会议速记报告和新闻报道。这些资料的综合使用有助于实现既定目标。研究的主要成果是澄清了 1900-1910 年代国内节制力量战胜 "啤酒游说团体 "的情况和原因,主要原因是政府、社会和群众不愿意在全国范围内用啤酒取代烈性伏特加。
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引用次数: 0
Labor Mobilization in North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during Great Patriotic War 卫国战争期间北奥塞梯苏维埃社会主义自治共和国的劳动动员
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-497-516
K. K. Fidarova, L. C. Khablieva, S. V. Kalabekova
The article discusses a range of issues related to labor mobilization during the emergency conditions of wartime in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. One of the main objectives of this article is the publication of sources in a scholarly manner. The materials from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the State Archive of Recent History of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the topic are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The materials containing decisions on implementing defense measures, creating a system of defensive fortifications, and mobilizing citizens through labor duty are analyzed. Attention is paid to the activities of the Ordzhonikidzevsk (Vladikavkaz) Defense Committee and local authorities in organizing work in these areas. The relevance of the study lies in shedding light on historical experience in taking defense measures with active support from the population in the rear. The authors emphasize that rear work helped the army to accomplish its tasks. The authors conclude that during the Great Patriotic War, heavy physical labor became a norm of life for women, children, and adolescents who replaced able-bodied men who had gone to the front. Labor mobilization allowed for the quick organization of work by a large number of people and brought victory closer.
文章讨论了北奥塞梯苏维埃社会主义自治共和国战时紧急状态下劳动动员的一系列相关问题。本文的主要目的之一是以学术方式公布资料来源。北奥塞梯-阿拉尼亚共和国中央国家档案馆和北奥塞梯-阿拉尼亚共和国国家近代史档案馆有关该主题的资料首次被引入科学流通领域。对包含关于实施防御措施、建立防御工事系统和动员公民参加劳动的决定的材料进行了分析。对奥尔忠尼启则夫斯克(弗拉季高加索)国防委员会和地方当局在这些领域组织工作的活动给予了关注。这项研究的意义在于揭示了在后方民众的积极支持下采取防御措施的历史经验。作者强调,后方工作有助于军队完成任务。作者总结说,在伟大的卫国战争期间,繁重的体力劳动成为妇女、儿童和青少年的生活常态,他们取代了上前线的健全男子。劳动动员使大量人员能够快速组织工作,并使胜利更近一步。
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引用次数: 0
Turkish-Russian Relations in 21st Century: Problems of Development 21 世纪的土耳其-俄罗斯关系:发展问题
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-482-496
Ruilin Xu, S. S. Kolegov
This article provides a brief overview of the development of Russian-Turkish relations in the 21st century against the backdrop of changes in Turkey’s domestic political situation at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Special attention is paid to the evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy strategy. It is noted that the Russian Federation is a particularly important partner for the Republic of Turkey. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that currently, the relationship between the two countries continues to develop actively, despite external political challenges. At the same time, the history of Russia-Turkey contacts requires further study, as this period is not well represented in the existing literature. The novelty of this research lies in the use of new sources to study state relations. The authors of the article come to a justified conclusion that the Turkish government seeks to develop its relationship with the Russian Federation while maintaining ties with both Western and Eastern countries. This demonstrates their efforts to utilize the opportunities provided by Turkey’s geographical location, which serves as a “corridor” between various parts of Eurasia.
本文以20世纪与21世纪之交土耳其国内政治局势的变化为背景,简要概述了21世纪俄土关系的发展。文章特别关注土耳其外交政策战略的演变。报告指出,俄罗斯联邦是土耳其共和国特别重要的合作伙伴。本专题的现实意义在于,尽管面临外部政治挑战,两国关系目前仍在积极发展。同时,俄罗斯与土耳其的交往历史需要进一步研究,因为这一时期在现有文献中没有得到很好的体现。这项研究的新颖之处在于使用新的资料来源来研究国家关系。文章作者得出了一个合理的结论,即土耳其政府在与西方和东方国家保持联系的同时,寻求发展与俄罗斯联邦的关系。这表明他们努力利用土耳其的地理位置所提供的机遇,土耳其是欧亚大陆不同地区之间的 "走廊"。
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引用次数: 0
Resettlement of Foreign Subjects to North-Western Caucasus in Second Half of 19th Century 19 世纪下半叶外国臣民在西北高加索地区的定居情况
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-390-408
Z. Emtyl
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of resettling foreign subjects to the North-Western Caucasus in the latter half of the 19th century. The study is based on a wide range of issues, from the reasons for this process, its legal framework, identification of major migration flows, to the course of resettlement and analysis of its results. The author concludes that the resettlement of foreign subjects was initiated by the Russian authorities as part of solving large-scale state tasks of settling a vast territory. It is noted that this territory was cleared of mountain people to be settled by populations loyal to Russian statehood and to develop the region's economy. It is shown that on the part of the Russian authorities, this process was ensured by corresponding legislative acts and measures of material support for migrants. It is claimed that the resettlement of foreign subjects to the North-Western Caucasus had a significant impact on the economic development of the region. The author pays special attention to the issue of adaptation of resettlers in their new place of residence. The conclusion is drawn that their natural-productive adaptation occurred more intensively than their socioethnic adaptation.
文章全面分析了 19 世纪后半叶外国臣民在西北高加索地区重新定居的过程。研究基于广泛的问题,从这一进程的原因、其法律框架、主要移民流的确定,到重新安置的过程及其结果分析。作者得出的结论是,外国公民的重新定居是由俄罗斯当局发起的,是解决大规模国家任务的一部分,即在广阔的领土上定居。作者指出,在这片领土上清除山区居民,是为了让忠于俄罗斯国家的居民定居下来,并发展该地区的经济。资料显示,俄罗斯当局通过相应的法案和为移民提供物质支持的措施确保了这一进程。据称,外国公民在西北高加索地区的重新定居对该地区的经济发展产生了重大影响。作者特别关注重新定居者在新居住地的适应问题。得出的结论是,他们的自然生产适应比社会民族适应更为深入。
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引用次数: 0
Mining Town of Kuzbass Prokopyevsk in First Half of 1930s: Problems of Miner’s Everyday Life and Improvement of New City (Local Periodicals) 20 世纪 30 年代上半叶的库兹巴斯-普罗科皮耶夫斯克矿业城镇:矿工的日常生活问题和新城市的改善(地方期刊)
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-409-425
A. Y. Karpinets, A. E. Pyanov
The issues related to the everyday life of miners during the formation of the city of Prokopyevsk are being considered. The relevance of the study is determined by scientific interest in the history of daily life. A literature review on the research problem has been conducted. Over a hundred issues of the local newspaper “Zaboy” from the first half of the 1930s were analyzed, along with reference and statistical collections. The social aspects of urban life in Prokopyevsk during the formation of urban infrastructure were studied. Housing issues, urban improvement, and public catering were examined in relation to the professional affiliation of city residents. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that periodical publications allow researchers to explore topics that were previously either uninteresting or not characterized in such detail regarding daily life. The author concludes that each period in history has its specific problems. It is noted that there were difficulties in the 1930s, which were ultimately successfully overcome. The author asserts that certain problems are still observed in modern urban development stages. However, the author is confident that these problems can be successfully resolved with the correct interaction of all levels of the urban community.
普罗科皮耶夫斯克市形成期间矿工日常生活的相关问题正在研究之中。研究的相关性取决于对日常生活历史的科学兴趣。对研究问题进行了文献综述。对二十世纪三十年代前半期的一百多期当地报纸《Zaboy》以及参考资料和统计资料进行了分析。对城市基础设施形成时期普罗科皮耶夫斯克城市生活的社会方面进行了研究。根据城市居民的职业归属对住房问题、城市改造和公共餐饮进行了研究。这项研究的新颖之处在于,期刊出版物使研究人员能够探索以前不感兴趣或没有如此详细描述日常生活的主题。作者总结道,每个历史时期都有其特定的问题。作者指出,20 世纪 30 年代也存在困难,但最终都成功克服了。作者断言,在现代城市发展阶段仍然存在某些问题。不过,作者相信,只要城市社会各阶层正确互动,这些问题都能得到成功解决。
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引用次数: 0
Domestic Reindeer Herding in Arctic Regions of Yakutia in Second Half of 1990s: Experience of Decision-Making on Socio-Economic Issues in Industry 20 世纪 90 年代后半期雅库特北极地区的家养驯鹿放牧:工业社会经济问题决策经验
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-464-481
Ya. M. Sannikova
The experience ofsolving social and economic problems related to domestic reindeer herding in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during the early post-Soviet period is being studied. Attention is given to the adoption of the first program document in the republic— Resolution No. 521, dedicated to comprehensive support for traditional industries and social protection of workers in the Arctic regions. Archive documents on the activities of the relevant ministry in developing recommendations on wage payment in reindeer herding, adopting new decisions on one-time payments to reindeer herders and tent workers, and statistical data on some general economic indicators in reindeer herding are presented. The approach to calculating labor standards for reindeer herders and attempts at their social protection through professional tariffication of wage payment are presented in detail. Social directions included officially in the program for the development of domestic reindeer herding are highlighted. At the local level, it is shown that representatives of the relevant ministry responsible for managing traditional industries could not always rely on a positive experience in making decisions on socio-economic development of domestic reindeer herding as a leading traditional occupation of indigenous people, but they were fully aware of the real social situation of workers in the industry.
研究了后苏联时期早期解决雅库特北极地区国内驯鹿放牧相关社会和经济问题的经验。对共和国通过的第一份计划文件--第 521 号决议给予了关注,该决议致力于全面支持北极地区的传统产业和工人社会保障。介绍了有关部委在制定驯鹿放牧工资支付建议、通过关于向驯鹿牧民和帐篷工人 一次性支付工资的新决定方面的活动档案文件,以及驯鹿放牧一些一般经济指标的 统计数据。此外,还详细介绍了计算驯鹿牧民劳动标准的方法,以及通过工资支付的专业关税化为他们提供社会保护的尝试。重点介绍了正式纳入国内驯鹿放牧发展方案的社会方向。在地方一级,情况表明,负责管理传统产业的相关部委代表在就作为土著人主要 传统职业的国内驯鹿放牧的社会经济发展做出决定时,并不总是能够依靠积极的经 验,但他们完全了解该行业工人的实际社会状况。
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引用次数: 0
Pension Provision for Muslim Clergy in Asian Part of Russian Empire (19th — Early 20th Century) 俄罗斯帝国亚洲地区穆斯林神职人员的养老金规定(19 世纪 - 20 世纪初)
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-449-463
T. Nedzelyuk
The issue of granting pension benefits to Muslim clergy and their families in the Russian Empire is considered, as well as the characteristics of state-confessional policy in Russia both in the historical past and at the present stage. The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences in the pension provision of Orthodox and Muslim clergy. Attention is paid to the socio-cultural status and material situation of clerics in border regions and national autonomies of the Asian part of Russia. Previously unstudied materials from the archives of the Russian State Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East, and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan are introduced into circulation. The novelty of the study lies in both the topic itself and the previously unexplored source base. Comparative, comparative-historical, and analytical research methods contributed to the realization of the research plan. The results obtained in the process of analyzing documents testify to a balanced approach and tolerant attitude towards clerics — representatives of “recognized” religions in the Russian Empire. The conclusion is formulated that the size of the pension depends on the length of service, but not on the religious affiliation of the clergy.
本研究探讨了俄罗斯帝国向穆斯林神职人员及其家属发放养老金的问题,以及俄罗斯国家宗教政策在历史上和现阶段的特点。本研究旨在确定东正教和穆斯林神职人员养老金发放的异同。研究关注了俄罗斯边境地区和亚洲民族自治地区神职人员的社会文化地位和物质状况。俄罗斯国家历史档案馆、俄罗斯远东国家历史档案馆和哈萨克斯坦共和国中央国家档案馆的档案中以前未曾研究过的材料也被引入流通。这项研究的新颖之处在于其主题本身和以前未曾探索过的资料来源基础。比较、比较历史和分析研究方法有助于实现研究计划。在分析文件过程中获得的结果证明了对神职人员--俄罗斯帝国 "公认 "宗教的代表--的平衡方法和宽容态度。得出的结论是,养老金的多少取决于服务时间的长短,而与神职人员的宗教信仰无关。
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引用次数: 0
Freedom of Conscience in Russian Empire at Beginning of 20th Century and Constitutional Reform of 1906 20 世纪初俄罗斯帝国的良心自由与 1906 年的宪法改革
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-426-448
S. V. Kulikov
For the first time in scientific historiography, with the involvement of previously unknown archival documents, the problem of ensuring freedom of conscience is considered when creating the Fundamental Laws on April 23, 1906, which became the first national constitution in force. It is shown that P. A. Kharitonov, A. P. Salomon and Count A. F. Heyden paid attention to this problem, that is, the authors of bureaucratic drafts of new Fundamental Laws, which by December 1905 were prepared for Emperor Nicholas II. The main one turned out to be Kharitonov’s project, considered at a Meeting of the highest ranks of the State Chancellery. In the future, the consolidation of freedom of conscience in the Fundamental Laws was facilitated by the discussion of the draft State Chancellery in the Council of Ministers under the chairmanship of Count S.Y. Witte in March 1906 and the drafting of another draft of Fundamental Laws by Professor O. O. Eichelman at the same time. It is emphasized that the controversy that arose as a result of the April Special Meeting chaired by Nicholas II among his key figures about the limits of freedom of conscience influenced the final version of the corresponding article of the Fundamental Laws established personally by the tsar. It is concluded that this version reflected the conservative-liberal nature of the views shared by the direct participants of the constitutional reform of 1906.
这是科学史学界首次在 1906 年 4 月 23 日制定《基本法》(成为第一部生效的国家宪法)时,利用以前不为人知的档案文件考虑到确保信仰自由的问题。资料显示,P.A. 哈里托诺夫、A.P. 萨洛蒙和 A.F. 海登伯爵,即 1905 年 12 月为尼古拉二世皇帝准备的新基本法官僚草案的作者们,都注意到了这个问题。其中最主要的是哈里托诺夫的计划,该计划在国家总理府最高层会议上得到了审议。1906 年 3 月,S.Y. Witte 伯爵主持的部长会议讨论了国家总理府草案,O.O. Eichelman 教授也同时起草了另一份基本法草案。需要强调的是,尼古拉二世主持的 4 月重要人物特别会议就信仰自由的限制问题引发的争论影响了沙皇亲自制定的《基本法》相应条款的最终版本。结论是,该版本反映了 1906 年宪法改革直接参与者所持观点的保守-自由性质。
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引用次数: 0
Linguosemiotic Mechanisms of Manipulative Potential Formation in Polycoded Nomination in Advertising Discourse 广告话语中多编码提名的操纵势形成的语言符号学机制
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-162-183
R. I. Zakharov
The article is dedicated to the linguo-semiotic analysis of the functioning of polycode names as a manipulative tool in advertising discourse. The aim of the study is to describe the influence of non-verbal components on the expression of the illocutionary force of the name. The material of the study consists of polycode commercial designations identified through the author’s own internet monitoring and direct observation from 2021 to 2023. An examination of the situational context has been conducted, dominant signs in the structure of nomination have been identified, and the expressed meaning has been established. Word-formation models for creating names have been identified, classified according to the means of expressing illocutionary force. The use of similar models by commercial organizations from different fields of activity allows us to speak about the main trends in naming in advertising discourse. The author puts forward a projective hypothesis of manipulative influence: a stimulus-response situation is applied in advertising communication, and manipulation is realized through the tactic of imposition. It has been established that different situations are implicitly related in the message, for which loosely structured stimuli are used, which influence the formation of the addressee’s attitudes and program their behavior. It is concluded that in polycode commercial nominations, the technique of exploiting linguistic and non-linguistic behavioral stereotypes is used.
这篇文章致力于从语言符号学角度分析多码名称在广告话语中作为操纵工具的功能。研究的目的是描述非语言成分对名称示范力表达的影响。本研究的材料包括作者在 2021 年至 2023 年期间通过自己的互联网监测和直接观察所发现的多代码商业名称。通过对情境语境的研究,确定了命名结构中的主导符号,并确定了所表达的意义。确定了创建名称的构词模式,并根据表达句意的方式进行了分类。通过不同活动领域的商业组织对类似模式的使用,我们可以谈论广告话语中命名的主要趋势。作者提出了操纵性影响的投射假设:在广告传播中应用刺激-反应情境,通过强加策略实现操纵。研究证实,信息中隐含着不同的情境,为此使用了结构松散的刺激物,这些刺激物影响着受众态度的形成,并对他们的行为进行编程。结论是,在多码商业提名中,使用了利用语言和非语言行为定型的技术。
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引用次数: 0
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Nauchnyi Dialog
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