Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024210-0
Alexandre Tchoudinov
The author of the article examines the changing of the social role of Christians in Egypt during the French occupation in 1798—1801. Based on a comparative analysis of data from a wide range of French sources and Arab chronicles, the author of the article concludes that Bonaparte's army, by bringing new values that became dominant in France during the Revolution, unwittingly violated the fragile interfaith consensus that ensured a long and peaceful coexistence of the Muslim majority and the Christian minority in Egypt. Christians were formally equalized by the French in rights with Muslims. However, in practice, due to their cultural closeness with the occupiers and active cooperation with their administration, Christians achieved absolute dominance in Egyptian society during the stay of the French. In a matter of weeks, this previously restricted religious minority, which was nevertheless organically integrated into the local society, turned into a tyrannical minority that rose above this society and subjected it to cruel oppression.
{"title":"The Repressive Minority: Christians of Egypt during the French Occupation 1798—1801","authors":"Alexandre Tchoudinov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024210-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024210-0","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the article examines the changing of the social role of Christians in Egypt during the French occupation in 1798—1801. Based on a comparative analysis of data from a wide range of French sources and Arab chronicles, the author of the article concludes that Bonaparte's army, by bringing new values that became dominant in France during the Revolution, unwittingly violated the fragile interfaith consensus that ensured a long and peaceful coexistence of the Muslim majority and the Christian minority in Egypt. Christians were formally equalized by the French in rights with Muslims. However, in practice, due to their cultural closeness with the occupiers and active cooperation with their administration, Christians achieved absolute dominance in Egyptian society during the stay of the French. In a matter of weeks, this previously restricted religious minority, which was nevertheless organically integrated into the local society, turned into a tyrannical minority that rose above this society and subjected it to cruel oppression.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80555433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024209-8
N. Khrapunov
This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the stereotype of “laziness” of the Crimean Tatars, which appeared in Russian and foreign travel writings from the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It has been shown that this stereotype was a product of Western “armchair” knowledge of the Enlightenment, which produced the ideas of “terrestrial paradise” in faraway countries where lived the “noble savages”. Applying it to what was seen in the Crimea, the writers and scientists ignored the specificities of Muslim ethics and political-economic developments in the region. The reflections on the Crimean residents were sometimes influenced by subjective circumstances, such as conflicts with Tatars concerning the possession of land properties. The stereotype of “Tatar sloth” quickly established itself in public mind. It had real political consequences, as it influenced the actions of the government and private persons. Perhaps this stereotype was among the reasons why the integration of the Crimea into the Russian empire took a very long time.
{"title":"“Blessed Idlers” or “Indolent Loafers”: the Stereotype of Crimean Tatar Laziness in Russian and Foreign Mind in the Late of the 18th and 19th Centuries","authors":"N. Khrapunov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024209-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024209-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the stereotype of “laziness” of the Crimean Tatars, which appeared in Russian and foreign travel writings from the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It has been shown that this stereotype was a product of Western “armchair” knowledge of the Enlightenment, which produced the ideas of “terrestrial paradise” in faraway countries where lived the “noble savages”. Applying it to what was seen in the Crimea, the writers and scientists ignored the specificities of Muslim ethics and political-economic developments in the region. The reflections on the Crimean residents were sometimes influenced by subjective circumstances, such as conflicts with Tatars concerning the possession of land properties. The stereotype of “Tatar sloth” quickly established itself in public mind. It had real political consequences, as it influenced the actions of the government and private persons. Perhaps this stereotype was among the reasons why the integration of the Crimea into the Russian empire took a very long time.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90856883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025173-9
A. Golubinsky
The article is devoted to the characterization of a fire as an event, the information potential of historical sources associated with fires in Russian cities and villages of the 18th century, the causes of fires, fire-fighting household measures, compensatory measures in the city and in the countryside, by both the state and landowners, the specifics of fixing information in legislative acts, clerical sources and sources of personal origin. These documents make it possible to clarify the details of urban and rural everyday life, poorly expressed or poorly preserved in sources of a different nature.
{"title":"Fires in Russian Everyday Life of the 18th Century","authors":"A. Golubinsky","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025173-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025173-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the characterization of a fire as an event, the information potential of historical sources associated with fires in Russian cities and villages of the 18th century, the causes of fires, fire-fighting household measures, compensatory measures in the city and in the countryside, by both the state and landowners, the specifics of fixing information in legislative acts, clerical sources and sources of personal origin. These documents make it possible to clarify the details of urban and rural everyday life, poorly expressed or poorly preserved in sources of a different nature.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024130-2
V. Belozorovich
The article reveals the development of the historiography of the history of Belarus as an independent scientific direction in 1918—1928. It notes the existence of two directions of national historiography: national-democratic and national-Marxist. The author analyzes the works which formed the conceptual vision of national history in Belarusian society. The article reveals the methodological approaches of the researchers to the knowledge of the past. The peculiarities of comprehension of the history of Belarus by representatives of professional and non-professional historiography are highlighted. Attention is paid to the problem of national-state narrative. The study is based on the historiographical sources which prove the presence of the formed Belarusian historiography in the scientific paradigm of the Belarusian SSR of the interwar period. It is concluded that the course of scientific cognition depends on the political situation in the republic. The process of eliminating the methodological pluralism in the historical science of Belarus is considered separately.
{"title":"Formation of Belarusian National Historiography in 1918—1928","authors":"V. Belozorovich","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024130-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024130-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the development of the historiography of the history of Belarus as an independent scientific direction in 1918—1928. It notes the existence of two directions of national historiography: national-democratic and national-Marxist. The author analyzes the works which formed the conceptual vision of national history in Belarusian society. The article reveals the methodological approaches of the researchers to the knowledge of the past. The peculiarities of comprehension of the history of Belarus by representatives of professional and non-professional historiography are highlighted. Attention is paid to the problem of national-state narrative. The study is based on the historiographical sources which prove the presence of the formed Belarusian historiography in the scientific paradigm of the Belarusian SSR of the interwar period. It is concluded that the course of scientific cognition depends on the political situation in the republic. The process of eliminating the methodological pluralism in the historical science of Belarus is considered separately.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024980-7
V. Shishkin
The article examines several interrelated problematic questions, the first of which reflects the justification of scientific relevance for modern Russian historical science of studying the Western royal courts of the Middle Ages and early Modern times, in particular, French court. The author presents the royal court as an important part of French history, which influenced the historical development of European and partly Russian civilization. The interest to the history of French court of Russian historians is also associated with a significant number of rare French documents of the 16th century, concentrated in Russian repositories and requiring introduction into scientific circulation. These documents are largely associated with current Russian research on curial history, which have a long tradition and focus on the institutional history of the court. An overview of current trends in curial research in Western historiography is also presented, which focuses on the study of gender characteristics, personal court members, socio-political evolution of the court, compilation of databases on courtiers and employees, movements and residences of monarchs.
{"title":"The French Court of the 16th Century: What Else Do We Not Know About It?","authors":"V. Shishkin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024980-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024980-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines several interrelated problematic questions, the first of which reflects the justification of scientific relevance for modern Russian historical science of studying the Western royal courts of the Middle Ages and early Modern times, in particular, French court. The author presents the royal court as an important part of French history, which influenced the historical development of European and partly Russian civilization. The interest to the history of French court of Russian historians is also associated with a significant number of rare French documents of the 16th century, concentrated in Russian repositories and requiring introduction into scientific circulation. These documents are largely associated with current Russian research on curial history, which have a long tradition and focus on the institutional history of the court. An overview of current trends in curial research in Western historiography is also presented, which focuses on the study of gender characteristics, personal court members, socio-political evolution of the court, compilation of databases on courtiers and employees, movements and residences of monarchs.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840023937-9
A. Mitrofanov
The insurrectionary movement in the former exclave of the Sardinian kingdom — the county of Nice, began in 1792, immediately after the conquest by the French army, as a reaction to military violence, requisitions and robberies of the local population. The author of the article shows how and by what means this popular anti-revolutionary movement was suppressed in the first years of Napoleon's Consulate. As during the Directory, the government initially relied on forceful methods of suppressing the insurgents and “brigandage”. The civil administration, appointed by Napoleon as early as March 1800, took a different stance. The course towards establishing social peace and political reconciliation required other methods. The authorities tried to force and interest the local elites and the population to dissociate themselves from the rebels and achieved quick success in this. Now a fine selection was carried out: the ringleaders were severely punished, but not ordinary members of the “bands”. Special courts, which worked simultaneously with military tribunals, also acted in the same direction. The national guard was revived, and in some cases re-created in rural communes. As a result, a system of social control was created and the rural oligarchies began to support the new regime, but the cost of this success was the local civil war of 1800—1801, which probably claimed several thousand lives. The remnants of the rebels, excluded from society, marginalized, turned into criminal robbers from the main road, but the threat of the revival of the insurgent movement bothered the authorities even later. The article is based on materials from the National Archives of France, a report to the government of A. Français from Nantes in 1801 and other materials. In the article the author analyzes the different approaches of French historians to the problem of “brigandage” in the Mediterranean region during the period of Napoleon's Consulate.
{"title":"The War Against the Insurrectionary Movement in the Alpes-Maritimes and the Creation of a System of Social Control in the Time of Napoleon","authors":"A. Mitrofanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023937-9","url":null,"abstract":"The insurrectionary movement in the former exclave of the Sardinian kingdom — the county of Nice, began in 1792, immediately after the conquest by the French army, as a reaction to military violence, requisitions and robberies of the local population. The author of the article shows how and by what means this popular anti-revolutionary movement was suppressed in the first years of Napoleon's Consulate. As during the Directory, the government initially relied on forceful methods of suppressing the insurgents and “brigandage”. The civil administration, appointed by Napoleon as early as March 1800, took a different stance. The course towards establishing social peace and political reconciliation required other methods. The authorities tried to force and interest the local elites and the population to dissociate themselves from the rebels and achieved quick success in this. Now a fine selection was carried out: the ringleaders were severely punished, but not ordinary members of the “bands”. Special courts, which worked simultaneously with military tribunals, also acted in the same direction. The national guard was revived, and in some cases re-created in rural communes. As a result, a system of social control was created and the rural oligarchies began to support the new regime, but the cost of this success was the local civil war of 1800—1801, which probably claimed several thousand lives. The remnants of the rebels, excluded from society, marginalized, turned into criminal robbers from the main road, but the threat of the revival of the insurgent movement bothered the authorities even later. The article is based on materials from the National Archives of France, a report to the government of A. Français from Nantes in 1801 and other materials. In the article the author analyzes the different approaches of French historians to the problem of “brigandage” in the Mediterranean region during the period of Napoleon's Consulate.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840017716-6
V. Shelestin
The paper gives the typology of the serpent-like monster images in the art of Western Asia of 3rd — first half 1st millennia BC. We’ve studied 14 such images, beginning with the Early Dynastic seals and ending with the Neo-Babylonian amulet, by comparison of 10 parameters, and established four main types of similar monsters: 7-headed, 2-headed with 2 paws, 1-headed with 2 paws and 1-headed legless one. 7- and 1-headed monsters are typical for Mesopotamian tradition, whereas 2-headed for (Eastern) Anatolian one. The Mesopotamian monsters could get two forelegs thanks to the interactions between these traditions that opens new horizons for studying the cultural interaction between Asia Minor and Mesopotamia.
{"title":"On the Typology of the Serpent-like Monsters Fighting Against the Hero in the Near Eastern Iconography of the 3rd — First Half 1st Millennia BC","authors":"V. Shelestin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840017716-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017716-6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives the typology of the serpent-like monster images in the art of Western Asia of 3rd — first half 1st millennia BC. We’ve studied 14 such images, beginning with the Early Dynastic seals and ending with the Neo-Babylonian amulet, by comparison of 10 parameters, and established four main types of similar monsters: 7-headed, 2-headed with 2 paws, 1-headed with 2 paws and 1-headed legless one. 7- and 1-headed monsters are typical for Mesopotamian tradition, whereas 2-headed for (Eastern) Anatolian one. The Mesopotamian monsters could get two forelegs thanks to the interactions between these traditions that opens new horizons for studying the cultural interaction between Asia Minor and Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79903470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024244-7
Daria Zaytseva
Marc-Antoine Jullien is one of the notable figures of the French Revolution of the 18th century, who at the age of 19 became Robespierre's confidant and gained solid experience in political activity. In the autumn of 1798, a new stage in Jullien's career began: returning from Egypt, where he had gone a few months earlier with Bonaparte, Julien joined General Jean-Étienne Championnet, who went to conquer South Italy. Military campaign 1798—1799 ended with the proclamation in January 1799 of the Neapolitan Republic and the establishment of a Provisional Government in it, which included Jullien as General Secretary. The article provides a brief overview of the sources stored in fund 317 of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, which refer to the Neapolitan period of Jullien's political activity: from December 1798, when the attack on South Italy began to April 1799, when Jullien was arrested and sent to Milan.
{"title":"The Neapolitan Period of the Political career of Marc-Antoine Jullien (Materials of His Personal Fund in RGASPI)","authors":"Daria Zaytseva","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024244-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024244-7","url":null,"abstract":"Marc-Antoine Jullien is one of the notable figures of the French Revolution of the 18th century, who at the age of 19 became Robespierre's confidant and gained solid experience in political activity. In the autumn of 1798, a new stage in Jullien's career began: returning from Egypt, where he had gone a few months earlier with Bonaparte, Julien joined General Jean-Étienne Championnet, who went to conquer South Italy. Military campaign 1798—1799 ended with the proclamation in January 1799 of the Neapolitan Republic and the establishment of a Provisional Government in it, which included Jullien as General Secretary. The article provides a brief overview of the sources stored in fund 317 of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, which refer to the Neapolitan period of Jullien's political activity: from December 1798, when the attack on South Italy began to April 1799, when Jullien was arrested and sent to Milan.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024092-0
O. Belova
The article presents a narrative and structural analysis of texts from the collection of the State Archive of the Smolensk region reflecting folk beliefs about cult trees. These records can be regarded as “historical” narratives in which trees, being objects of folk veneration (ritual practices aimed at healing) and superstition (“treasure under a tree” legend), are at the same time associated with historical or quasi-historical events (adventures of local robbers, the 1812 Patriotic War). Stories about unusual trees demonstrate a close connection with the mythology of space, and the natural objects themselves are peculiar markers for the collective memory, conveying knowledge about the past with reliance on the local landscape.
{"title":"Folklore “Historical” Narrative Within the Context of Landscape Mythology (Russian-Belarusian Borderlands)","authors":"O. Belova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024092-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024092-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a narrative and structural analysis of texts from the collection of the State Archive of the Smolensk region reflecting folk beliefs about cult trees. These records can be regarded as “historical” narratives in which trees, being objects of folk veneration (ritual practices aimed at healing) and superstition (“treasure under a tree” legend), are at the same time associated with historical or quasi-historical events (adventures of local robbers, the 1812 Patriotic War). Stories about unusual trees demonstrate a close connection with the mythology of space, and the natural objects themselves are peculiar markers for the collective memory, conveying knowledge about the past with reliance on the local landscape.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79199289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025145-8
Y. Krylova
In the 1780s the well-known Russian writer Denis Fonvizin created his “General Court Grammar”. The idea of this work still seemed original and the sources of borrowing were not known. Meanwhile, its idea is very similar to the French “Doctrinal du temps present” by Pierre Michault (15th century), an anticurial text where court manners are also shown through the teaching of grammar. The article has a dual purpose: firstly, by comparing it, it examines in detail the circumstances of both works, the reasons for their writing, the choice of plot and the contents, and puts forward a hypothesis about the possible borrowing of idea by Denis Fonvizin from the French text. Secondly, the methods of everyday history are used to conclude that both authors are dissatisfied with their place in courtly society and the need to make a career through their literary talent.
在18世纪80年代，著名的俄罗斯作家Denis Fonvizin创造了他的“通用宫廷语法”。这项工作的想法似乎仍然是原创的，并且不知道借用的来源。与此同时，它的思想与法国皮埃尔·米考特(Pierre Michault)(15世纪)的《现在的教理》(Doctrinal du temps present)非常相似，后者是一种反学术的文本，其中宫廷礼仪也通过语法教学来展示。本文具有双重目的:首先，通过比较，详细考察两部作品的创作环境、创作原因、情节选择和内容，并对Denis Fonvizin可能从法国文本中借鉴思想提出假设。其次，使用日常历史的方法得出结论，两位作者都不满意他们在宫廷社会中的地位，需要通过他们的文学才华来谋生。
{"title":"Burgundian Cleric and Denis Fonvizin Teach Grammar: Court Manners in the Mirror of Two Epochs","authors":"Y. Krylova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025145-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025145-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1780s the well-known Russian writer Denis Fonvizin created his “General Court Grammar”. The idea of this work still seemed original and the sources of borrowing were not known. Meanwhile, its idea is very similar to the French “Doctrinal du temps present” by Pierre Michault (15th century), an anticurial text where court manners are also shown through the teaching of grammar. The article has a dual purpose: firstly, by comparing it, it examines in detail the circumstances of both works, the reasons for their writing, the choice of plot and the contents, and puts forward a hypothesis about the possible borrowing of idea by Denis Fonvizin from the French text. Secondly, the methods of everyday history are used to conclude that both authors are dissatisfied with their place in courtly society and the need to make a career through their literary talent.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80347135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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