Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840017716-6
V. Shelestin
The paper gives the typology of the serpent-like monster images in the art of Western Asia of 3rd — first half 1st millennia BC. We’ve studied 14 such images, beginning with the Early Dynastic seals and ending with the Neo-Babylonian amulet, by comparison of 10 parameters, and established four main types of similar monsters: 7-headed, 2-headed with 2 paws, 1-headed with 2 paws and 1-headed legless one. 7- and 1-headed monsters are typical for Mesopotamian tradition, whereas 2-headed for (Eastern) Anatolian one. The Mesopotamian monsters could get two forelegs thanks to the interactions between these traditions that opens new horizons for studying the cultural interaction between Asia Minor and Mesopotamia.
{"title":"On the Typology of the Serpent-like Monsters Fighting Against the Hero in the Near Eastern Iconography of the 3rd — First Half 1st Millennia BC","authors":"V. Shelestin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840017716-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017716-6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives the typology of the serpent-like monster images in the art of Western Asia of 3rd — first half 1st millennia BC. We’ve studied 14 such images, beginning with the Early Dynastic seals and ending with the Neo-Babylonian amulet, by comparison of 10 parameters, and established four main types of similar monsters: 7-headed, 2-headed with 2 paws, 1-headed with 2 paws and 1-headed legless one. 7- and 1-headed monsters are typical for Mesopotamian tradition, whereas 2-headed for (Eastern) Anatolian one. The Mesopotamian monsters could get two forelegs thanks to the interactions between these traditions that opens new horizons for studying the cultural interaction between Asia Minor and Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79903470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025145-8
Y. Krylova
In the 1780s the well-known Russian writer Denis Fonvizin created his “General Court Grammar”. The idea of this work still seemed original and the sources of borrowing were not known. Meanwhile, its idea is very similar to the French “Doctrinal du temps present” by Pierre Michault (15th century), an anticurial text where court manners are also shown through the teaching of grammar. The article has a dual purpose: firstly, by comparing it, it examines in detail the circumstances of both works, the reasons for their writing, the choice of plot and the contents, and puts forward a hypothesis about the possible borrowing of idea by Denis Fonvizin from the French text. Secondly, the methods of everyday history are used to conclude that both authors are dissatisfied with their place in courtly society and the need to make a career through their literary talent.
在18世纪80年代，著名的俄罗斯作家Denis Fonvizin创造了他的“通用宫廷语法”。这项工作的想法似乎仍然是原创的，并且不知道借用的来源。与此同时，它的思想与法国皮埃尔·米考特(Pierre Michault)(15世纪)的《现在的教理》(Doctrinal du temps present)非常相似，后者是一种反学术的文本，其中宫廷礼仪也通过语法教学来展示。本文具有双重目的:首先，通过比较，详细考察两部作品的创作环境、创作原因、情节选择和内容，并对Denis Fonvizin可能从法国文本中借鉴思想提出假设。其次，使用日常历史的方法得出结论，两位作者都不满意他们在宫廷社会中的地位，需要通过他们的文学才华来谋生。
{"title":"Burgundian Cleric and Denis Fonvizin Teach Grammar: Court Manners in the Mirror of Two Epochs","authors":"Y. Krylova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025145-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025145-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1780s the well-known Russian writer Denis Fonvizin created his “General Court Grammar”. The idea of this work still seemed original and the sources of borrowing were not known. Meanwhile, its idea is very similar to the French “Doctrinal du temps present” by Pierre Michault (15th century), an anticurial text where court manners are also shown through the teaching of grammar. The article has a dual purpose: firstly, by comparing it, it examines in detail the circumstances of both works, the reasons for their writing, the choice of plot and the contents, and puts forward a hypothesis about the possible borrowing of idea by Denis Fonvizin from the French text. Secondly, the methods of everyday history are used to conclude that both authors are dissatisfied with their place in courtly society and the need to make a career through their literary talent.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80347135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840023937-9
A. Mitrofanov
The insurrectionary movement in the former exclave of the Sardinian kingdom — the county of Nice, began in 1792, immediately after the conquest by the French army, as a reaction to military violence, requisitions and robberies of the local population. The author of the article shows how and by what means this popular anti-revolutionary movement was suppressed in the first years of Napoleon's Consulate. As during the Directory, the government initially relied on forceful methods of suppressing the insurgents and “brigandage”. The civil administration, appointed by Napoleon as early as March 1800, took a different stance. The course towards establishing social peace and political reconciliation required other methods. The authorities tried to force and interest the local elites and the population to dissociate themselves from the rebels and achieved quick success in this. Now a fine selection was carried out: the ringleaders were severely punished, but not ordinary members of the “bands”. Special courts, which worked simultaneously with military tribunals, also acted in the same direction. The national guard was revived, and in some cases re-created in rural communes. As a result, a system of social control was created and the rural oligarchies began to support the new regime, but the cost of this success was the local civil war of 1800—1801, which probably claimed several thousand lives. The remnants of the rebels, excluded from society, marginalized, turned into criminal robbers from the main road, but the threat of the revival of the insurgent movement bothered the authorities even later. The article is based on materials from the National Archives of France, a report to the government of A. Français from Nantes in 1801 and other materials. In the article the author analyzes the different approaches of French historians to the problem of “brigandage” in the Mediterranean region during the period of Napoleon's Consulate.
{"title":"The War Against the Insurrectionary Movement in the Alpes-Maritimes and the Creation of a System of Social Control in the Time of Napoleon","authors":"A. Mitrofanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023937-9","url":null,"abstract":"The insurrectionary movement in the former exclave of the Sardinian kingdom — the county of Nice, began in 1792, immediately after the conquest by the French army, as a reaction to military violence, requisitions and robberies of the local population. The author of the article shows how and by what means this popular anti-revolutionary movement was suppressed in the first years of Napoleon's Consulate. As during the Directory, the government initially relied on forceful methods of suppressing the insurgents and “brigandage”. The civil administration, appointed by Napoleon as early as March 1800, took a different stance. The course towards establishing social peace and political reconciliation required other methods. The authorities tried to force and interest the local elites and the population to dissociate themselves from the rebels and achieved quick success in this. Now a fine selection was carried out: the ringleaders were severely punished, but not ordinary members of the “bands”. Special courts, which worked simultaneously with military tribunals, also acted in the same direction. The national guard was revived, and in some cases re-created in rural communes. As a result, a system of social control was created and the rural oligarchies began to support the new regime, but the cost of this success was the local civil war of 1800—1801, which probably claimed several thousand lives. The remnants of the rebels, excluded from society, marginalized, turned into criminal robbers from the main road, but the threat of the revival of the insurgent movement bothered the authorities even later. The article is based on materials from the National Archives of France, a report to the government of A. Français from Nantes in 1801 and other materials. In the article the author analyzes the different approaches of French historians to the problem of “brigandage” in the Mediterranean region during the period of Napoleon's Consulate.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024980-7
V. Shishkin
The article examines several interrelated problematic questions, the first of which reflects the justification of scientific relevance for modern Russian historical science of studying the Western royal courts of the Middle Ages and early Modern times, in particular, French court. The author presents the royal court as an important part of French history, which influenced the historical development of European and partly Russian civilization. The interest to the history of French court of Russian historians is also associated with a significant number of rare French documents of the 16th century, concentrated in Russian repositories and requiring introduction into scientific circulation. These documents are largely associated with current Russian research on curial history, which have a long tradition and focus on the institutional history of the court. An overview of current trends in curial research in Western historiography is also presented, which focuses on the study of gender characteristics, personal court members, socio-political evolution of the court, compilation of databases on courtiers and employees, movements and residences of monarchs.
{"title":"The French Court of the 16th Century: What Else Do We Not Know About It?","authors":"V. Shishkin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024980-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024980-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines several interrelated problematic questions, the first of which reflects the justification of scientific relevance for modern Russian historical science of studying the Western royal courts of the Middle Ages and early Modern times, in particular, French court. The author presents the royal court as an important part of French history, which influenced the historical development of European and partly Russian civilization. The interest to the history of French court of Russian historians is also associated with a significant number of rare French documents of the 16th century, concentrated in Russian repositories and requiring introduction into scientific circulation. These documents are largely associated with current Russian research on curial history, which have a long tradition and focus on the institutional history of the court. An overview of current trends in curial research in Western historiography is also presented, which focuses on the study of gender characteristics, personal court members, socio-political evolution of the court, compilation of databases on courtiers and employees, movements and residences of monarchs.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024494-2
I. Ladynin
The article presents a detailed analysis of arguments forwarded by a leading Soviet Orientalist Vassiliy Struwe (1889—1965) for his thesis about the existence of the slave-owning mode of production at the Ancient Orient. This thesis was formulated in his lecture at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK) on 4 June 1933 and in a number of publications of 1934. Backing this thesis with the Ancient Near Eastern evidence and building around it a rather vast scheme positioned as an alternative to the cyclist theory of Eduard Meyer was a realization of tasks put before Struwe at his job at GAIMK, as can be seen from the preserved plan of his work there for the year 1933. According to Struwe’s scheme, the evolution of slavery in the earliest irrigation societies of Egypt and Mesopotamia started with the collective property of rural communities on slaves employed in the build-up of the irrigation systems (canals, dams etc.). There eventually developed the individual property on slaves and the vast slave-owning latifundia, which have already existed in Mesopotamia under Ur-III and in the New Kingdom Egypt. In the 1st Millennium B. C. the development of slavery in Mesopotamia and Egypt was comparable with that in the societies of Classical Antiquity. Struwe pointed out a number of slaves’ uprisings at the Ancient Near East starting from the 2nd Millennium B. C. and explained the downfall of ancient societies at the East with the “slave revolution”, like at the West. Struwe’s scheme revealed an emphasis on a rather high development of slavery at the Ancient Orient and parallels between its social phenomena and those of Ancient Greece and Rome. However, this emphasis vanished from his later texts, probably, due to a demand to show the Ancient Oriental societies as a phase preceding the Classical Antiquity, in compliance with the general trend of the world historiography.
{"title":"“Slavery 1.0”: the Concept of the Ancient Oriental Slave-Owning Societies in the Works by Vassiliy Struve of 1933—1934 and Its Perspective","authors":"I. Ladynin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024494-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024494-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a detailed analysis of arguments forwarded by a leading Soviet Orientalist Vassiliy Struwe (1889—1965) for his thesis about the existence of the slave-owning mode of production at the Ancient Orient. This thesis was formulated in his lecture at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK) on 4 June 1933 and in a number of publications of 1934. Backing this thesis with the Ancient Near Eastern evidence and building around it a rather vast scheme positioned as an alternative to the cyclist theory of Eduard Meyer was a realization of tasks put before Struwe at his job at GAIMK, as can be seen from the preserved plan of his work there for the year 1933. According to Struwe’s scheme, the evolution of slavery in the earliest irrigation societies of Egypt and Mesopotamia started with the collective property of rural communities on slaves employed in the build-up of the irrigation systems (canals, dams etc.). There eventually developed the individual property on slaves and the vast slave-owning latifundia, which have already existed in Mesopotamia under Ur-III and in the New Kingdom Egypt. In the 1st Millennium B. C. the development of slavery in Mesopotamia and Egypt was comparable with that in the societies of Classical Antiquity. Struwe pointed out a number of slaves’ uprisings at the Ancient Near East starting from the 2nd Millennium B. C. and explained the downfall of ancient societies at the East with the “slave revolution”, like at the West. Struwe’s scheme revealed an emphasis on a rather high development of slavery at the Ancient Orient and parallels between its social phenomena and those of Ancient Greece and Rome. However, this emphasis vanished from his later texts, probably, due to a demand to show the Ancient Oriental societies as a phase preceding the Classical Antiquity, in compliance with the general trend of the world historiography.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78443042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024702-1
O. Metel
The author of this article reconstructs the scientific biography of the Leningrad semitologist-Hebraist K. B. Starkova and shows her role in the formation of Soviet Qumran studies. The source of this research consists of the scientific works of K. B. Starkova and her colleagues devoted to the analysis of Qumran texts, sources of personal origin of Soviet Orientalists, and documents deposited in the personal fund of K. B. Starkova in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (office documents, correspondence materials, drafts scientific works, etc.). Based on the above materials and taking into account the general context of the development of Qumran studies in the USSR and beyond, the author of this article concludes that K. B. Starkova not only translated into Russian some manuscripts of the Dead Sea, but also showed the crucial importance of Deuteronomy for the formation of Qumran literature, while offering her own reading of the image of the Righteous Mentor (or the Teacher of Righteousness). At the same time, her research was devoid of the defining influence of Soviet Marxism, although the general approach to the analysis of manuscripts partly corresponded to the general Soviet trend towards the study of social processes in the ancient world.
{"title":"Klavdia Starkova and the Beginning of the Study of Qumran Manuscripts in the USSR","authors":"O. Metel","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024702-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024702-1","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this article reconstructs the scientific biography of the Leningrad semitologist-Hebraist K. B. Starkova and shows her role in the formation of Soviet Qumran studies. The source of this research consists of the scientific works of K. B. Starkova and her colleagues devoted to the analysis of Qumran texts, sources of personal origin of Soviet Orientalists, and documents deposited in the personal fund of K. B. Starkova in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (office documents, correspondence materials, drafts scientific works, etc.). Based on the above materials and taking into account the general context of the development of Qumran studies in the USSR and beyond, the author of this article concludes that K. B. Starkova not only translated into Russian some manuscripts of the Dead Sea, but also showed the crucial importance of Deuteronomy for the formation of Qumran literature, while offering her own reading of the image of the Righteous Mentor (or the Teacher of Righteousness). At the same time, her research was devoid of the defining influence of Soviet Marxism, although the general approach to the analysis of manuscripts partly corresponded to the general Soviet trend towards the study of social processes in the ancient world.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90993666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024131-3
Dmitrij Zernov
The article analyzes some changes in the image of the Belarusian partisans in the post-Soviet cinematography under the influence of the dominant attitude to aestheticization and nostalgic play on the Soviet heroic narrative. The narratives formed in Soviet and post-Soviet historiography are compared with the dominant strategies of representation in contemporary cinematography. The perception of these strategies by the audiences of young people is analyzed on the basis of the materials of ten focus groups. It is proved that post-Soviet films are characterized by the inconsistency between the conservative political message and the aesthetic or entertainment line aimed at the commercial exploitation of the viewer's emotions.
{"title":"Belarusian Partisans in Soviet and Post-Soviet Cinema: the View of a Student Audience","authors":"Dmitrij Zernov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024131-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024131-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes some changes in the image of the Belarusian partisans in the post-Soviet cinematography under the influence of the dominant attitude to aestheticization and nostalgic play on the Soviet heroic narrative. The narratives formed in Soviet and post-Soviet historiography are compared with the dominant strategies of representation in contemporary cinematography. The perception of these strategies by the audiences of young people is analyzed on the basis of the materials of ten focus groups. It is proved that post-Soviet films are characterized by the inconsistency between the conservative political message and the aesthetic or entertainment line aimed at the commercial exploitation of the viewer's emotions.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024935-7
Karim Mirzekhanov
In this article, the author focuses on the potential, prospects and challenges of Turkmenistan’s relations with the US and the EU. He analyses the key factors that have shaped the interest of these global actors in the former Soviet republic following its independence. The struggle for 'resource accumulation’, control over natural resources and important transport corridors has determined the priorities of global powers and geopolitical alliances. Geopolitical and geoeconomic factors have determined the keen interest of both the US and the EU in developing relations with Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, while the value of Turkmenistan’s potential was not immediately apparent to western governments. The study shows that as a Caspian Sea country, Turkmenistan's international subjectivity has increased significantly on account of the main factors determining its foreign policy, namely its neutral status and its focus on energy exports. Differences of political culture and civilisational codes between the sides also played an important role, making the development of relations between the US and the EU, on the one hand, and Turkmenistan, on the other, considerably more difficult.
{"title":"Challenges and Prospects for Turkmenistan’s Engagement with the US and EU","authors":"Karim Mirzekhanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024935-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024935-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author focuses on the potential, prospects and challenges of Turkmenistan’s relations with the US and the EU. He analyses the key factors that have shaped the interest of these global actors in the former Soviet republic following its independence. The struggle for 'resource accumulation’, control over natural resources and important transport corridors has determined the priorities of global powers and geopolitical alliances. Geopolitical and geoeconomic factors have determined the keen interest of both the US and the EU in developing relations with Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, while the value of Turkmenistan’s potential was not immediately apparent to western governments. The study shows that as a Caspian Sea country, Turkmenistan's international subjectivity has increased significantly on account of the main factors determining its foreign policy, namely its neutral status and its focus on energy exports. Differences of political culture and civilisational codes between the sides also played an important role, making the development of relations between the US and the EU, on the one hand, and Turkmenistan, on the other, considerably more difficult.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87936861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024518-8
Alexander Nemirovsky
The paper treats expressions in which Manetho’s narrative about the Hyksos period, known in literal quotation and detailed retelling by Josephus, describes the actors of power in Egypt at different phases of this period. On the eve of Hyksos invasion, according to Manetho, there was one king in Egypt and “the hegemonizing ones” (rulers, leaders) who stand apart from him in the context, and analysis of the text shows that they are the local rulers who performed quasi-independence under the nominal sovereignty of kings of a certain dynasty. In the phase of Hyksos control over all of Egypt, the Hyksos kings of Avaris are depicted as supreme rulers over the “kings of Thebaid” and “[kings] of other Egyptian lands” who are titularly equated with their Hyksos overlords by Manetho; at some point they overthrow the Hyksos yoke and begin the war against Avaris. By the end of this struggle, by Manetho, only the Theban kings are acting on the Egyptian side. This picture largely coincides with real history (the fragmentation of Egypt before the emergence of the Avaris kingdom and at the times of its hegemony; the division of all of Egypt between Avaris kingdom and the Theban kingdom independent of it in the last phase before the fall of Avaris). This reveals Manetho's high awareness of the real situation of the Second Intermediate Period; some primary sources of this awareness were probably inscriptions and literary compositions that directly reflected the interaction between various local rulers contemporaneous to each other.
{"title":"“The Leading Ones” and “Kings”: What Did Manetho Know About the Political Disintegration of the Second Intermediate Period, and How Did He Express This Knowledge?","authors":"Alexander Nemirovsky","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024518-8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper treats expressions in which Manetho’s narrative about the Hyksos period, known in literal quotation and detailed retelling by Josephus, describes the actors of power in Egypt at different phases of this period. On the eve of Hyksos invasion, according to Manetho, there was one king in Egypt and “the hegemonizing ones” (rulers, leaders) who stand apart from him in the context, and analysis of the text shows that they are the local rulers who performed quasi-independence under the nominal sovereignty of kings of a certain dynasty. In the phase of Hyksos control over all of Egypt, the Hyksos kings of Avaris are depicted as supreme rulers over the “kings of Thebaid” and “[kings] of other Egyptian lands” who are titularly equated with their Hyksos overlords by Manetho; at some point they overthrow the Hyksos yoke and begin the war against Avaris. By the end of this struggle, by Manetho, only the Theban kings are acting on the Egyptian side. This picture largely coincides with real history (the fragmentation of Egypt before the emergence of the Avaris kingdom and at the times of its hegemony; the division of all of Egypt between Avaris kingdom and the Theban kingdom independent of it in the last phase before the fall of Avaris). This reveals Manetho's high awareness of the real situation of the Second Intermediate Period; some primary sources of this awareness were probably inscriptions and literary compositions that directly reflected the interaction between various local rulers contemporaneous to each other.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86971816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024289-6
Nikolay Promyslov
The “cultural turn” in social and humanitarian knowledge has led to the intensive development of various aspects of the problem of collective representations and related models of forming the identity of a community. A lot of modern research is devoted to the problem how people perceive events that they are contemporaries or participants, how they preserve and relay information about these events. The process of total digitalization of society that has taken place in recent decades also leaves its mark on the mechanisms of formation and retransmission of collective memory. These problems are the focus of the monograph published in 2022 and edited by a team of authors led by Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva.
社会和人道主义知识中的“文化转向”导致了集体表征问题的各个方面以及形成社区身份的相关模型的密集发展。许多现代研究都致力于研究人们如何感知与他们同时代的事件或参与者，他们如何保存和传递关于这些事件的信息。近几十年来发生的社会全面数字化进程也在集体记忆的形成和再传播机制上留下了印记。这些问题是由Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva领导的作者团队于2022年出版的专著的重点。
{"title":"Digitalization and Collective Memory: Thoughts Reading a Book “Individual and Collective Memory in the Digital Age”","authors":"Nikolay Promyslov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024289-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024289-6","url":null,"abstract":"The “cultural turn” in social and humanitarian knowledge has led to the intensive development of various aspects of the problem of collective representations and related models of forming the identity of a community. A lot of modern research is devoted to the problem how people perceive events that they are contemporaries or participants, how they preserve and relay information about these events. The process of total digitalization of society that has taken place in recent decades also leaves its mark on the mechanisms of formation and retransmission of collective memory. These problems are the focus of the monograph published in 2022 and edited by a team of authors led by Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：