Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025202-1
Nikolaos A. Chrissidis
Monastic tonsure of citizens of the Russian Empire abroad became a particularly complex issue during the latter half of the nineteenth century, when Mt. Athos became a favorite destination of those interested in assuming the monastic habit outside the empire. The Russian authorities sought to control and regulate such tonsures by establishing procedures for checking their validity, and by ruling out automatic recognition of them in the empire. Individuals who were tonsured as monks abroad manipulated or tried to manipulate such regulations in order to facilitate travel back and forth from the Russian Empire for their own purposes. The result was that the real and apparent ambiguities that such rules allowed for were exploited by both state authorities and by real or fake monks themselves. The essay seeks to offer some perspectives on this phenomenon by focusing on four cases preserved in archival records.
{"title":"The Cassock Does Not a Monk Make. Or Does It? Fake and Real Monks from the Orthodox East in the Russian Empire (19th — Early 20th Сentury)","authors":"Nikolaos A. Chrissidis","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025202-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025202-1","url":null,"abstract":"Monastic tonsure of citizens of the Russian Empire abroad became a particularly complex issue during the latter half of the nineteenth century, when Mt. Athos became a favorite destination of those interested in assuming the monastic habit outside the empire. The Russian authorities sought to control and regulate such tonsures by establishing procedures for checking their validity, and by ruling out automatic recognition of them in the empire. Individuals who were tonsured as monks abroad manipulated or tried to manipulate such regulations in order to facilitate travel back and forth from the Russian Empire for their own purposes. The result was that the real and apparent ambiguities that such rules allowed for were exploited by both state authorities and by real or fake monks themselves. The essay seeks to offer some perspectives on this phenomenon by focusing on four cases preserved in archival records.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024933-5
A. Usov
The article is devoted to a poorly studied subject — the contribution of cadres from the Special Expedition for Underwater Works (EPRON) to strengthening their readiness to repulse an external enemy in the Soviet Far East in the 1930s and early 1940s. The study is based on archival materials, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The main focus is on the specifics of the activities of EPRON’ cadres on the Pacific shores. Examples of works performed are given. The author comes to the conclusion that the participation of the EPRON in strengthening the defense potential of the Far Eastern borders of the USSR in the studied period 1932—1942 takes place during three stages closely related to the development of the fleet in the Pacific Ocean in the pre-war and first war years.
{"title":"The Participation of Cadres from the Special Expedition for Underwater Works (EPRON) in Strengthening the Defense Potential of the Far Eastern Borders of the USSR in 1932—1942","authors":"A. Usov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024933-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024933-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to a poorly studied subject — the contribution of cadres from the Special Expedition for Underwater Works (EPRON) to strengthening their readiness to repulse an external enemy in the Soviet Far East in the 1930s and early 1940s. The study is based on archival materials, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The main focus is on the specifics of the activities of EPRON’ cadres on the Pacific shores. Examples of works performed are given. The author comes to the conclusion that the participation of the EPRON in strengthening the defense potential of the Far Eastern borders of the USSR in the studied period 1932—1942 takes place during three stages closely related to the development of the fleet in the Pacific Ocean in the pre-war and first war years.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86943481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025057-1
N. Kozlova
The article is based on the petitions of royal icon painters and painters of the Oruzheynaya palata, decrees, and court materials of the 1630s — 1690s. It deals with the conditions and circumstances of their daily life outside of work. It consisted of worries about salaries, his payments and increases; about housing, its arrangement and security; from fighting fires and their consequences; from conflicts with neighbors, as well as from intra-family joys and sorrows. Recruited to perform palace works from Moscow and residents of different cities, the masters of icon and painting had the status of a service population and among Moscow residents constituted a special professional community with stable connections and relationships. Palace masters turned to the king for help due to lack of funds, on the occasion of illness and other worldly misfortunes. Such assistance was provided in the form of one-time income and grain allocations or loans for the purchase of a yard, to cover debts, to restore a household that died in fires, and in connection with family matters (marriage, childbirth and baptism, death and burial of the deceased). This manifested the features of the patronage of the palace institution in relation to the masters who were under his control.
{"title":"Everyday Worries and Material Life of Sovereign Icon Painters and Painters of Moscow in Pre-Petrine Rus’","authors":"N. Kozlova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025057-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025057-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on the petitions of royal icon painters and painters of the Oruzheynaya palata, decrees, and court materials of the 1630s — 1690s. It deals with the conditions and circumstances of their daily life outside of work. It consisted of worries about salaries, his payments and increases; about housing, its arrangement and security; from fighting fires and their consequences; from conflicts with neighbors, as well as from intra-family joys and sorrows. Recruited to perform palace works from Moscow and residents of different cities, the masters of icon and painting had the status of a service population and among Moscow residents constituted a special professional community with stable connections and relationships. Palace masters turned to the king for help due to lack of funds, on the occasion of illness and other worldly misfortunes. Such assistance was provided in the form of one-time income and grain allocations or loans for the purchase of a yard, to cover debts, to restore a household that died in fires, and in connection with family matters (marriage, childbirth and baptism, death and burial of the deceased). This manifested the features of the patronage of the palace institution in relation to the masters who were under his control.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89348135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024938-0
D. Surzhik
An article based on recently declassified documents from the U. S. National Security Archive reveals the so-called “Houston Plan”. Prepared by the White House and U. S. intelligence officials, it envisioned a range of covert operations from surveillance of political radicals and criminal organizations (such as the Black Panthers) to breaking into the offices of social organizations suspected of disloyalty. The plan, named after Tom Charles Houston, a young White House liaison to the Interagency Intelligence Committee (IIC), played a role in the impeachment of President Richard Nixon by providing evidence of his abuses of the FBI and other executive branch agencies.
一篇基于美国国家安全档案馆最近解密的文件的文章揭示了所谓的“休斯顿计划”。该计划由白宫和美国情报官员准备，设想了一系列秘密行动，从监视政治激进分子和犯罪组织(如黑豹党)到闯入涉嫌不忠的社会组织的办公室。该计划以汤姆·查尔斯·休斯顿(Tom Charles Houston)的名字命名，他是白宫跨部门情报委员会(IIC)的一名年轻联络员。该计划提供了尼克松总统滥用联邦调查局(FBI)和其他行政部门的证据，在弹劾尼克松总统的过程中发挥了作用。
{"title":"\"The Houston Plan\": an Unrealized Project of Interaction between American Intelligence Agencies in the Early 1970s","authors":"D. Surzhik","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024938-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024938-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article based on recently declassified documents from the U. S. National Security Archive reveals the so-called “Houston Plan”. Prepared by the White House and U. S. intelligence officials, it envisioned a range of covert operations from surveillance of political radicals and criminal organizations (such as the Black Panthers) to breaking into the offices of social organizations suspected of disloyalty. The plan, named after Tom Charles Houston, a young White House liaison to the Interagency Intelligence Committee (IIC), played a role in the impeachment of President Richard Nixon by providing evidence of his abuses of the FBI and other executive branch agencies.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024518-8
Alexander Nemirovsky
The paper treats expressions in which Manetho’s narrative about the Hyksos period, known in literal quotation and detailed retelling by Josephus, describes the actors of power in Egypt at different phases of this period. On the eve of Hyksos invasion, according to Manetho, there was one king in Egypt and “the hegemonizing ones” (rulers, leaders) who stand apart from him in the context, and analysis of the text shows that they are the local rulers who performed quasi-independence under the nominal sovereignty of kings of a certain dynasty. In the phase of Hyksos control over all of Egypt, the Hyksos kings of Avaris are depicted as supreme rulers over the “kings of Thebaid” and “[kings] of other Egyptian lands” who are titularly equated with their Hyksos overlords by Manetho; at some point they overthrow the Hyksos yoke and begin the war against Avaris. By the end of this struggle, by Manetho, only the Theban kings are acting on the Egyptian side. This picture largely coincides with real history (the fragmentation of Egypt before the emergence of the Avaris kingdom and at the times of its hegemony; the division of all of Egypt between Avaris kingdom and the Theban kingdom independent of it in the last phase before the fall of Avaris). This reveals Manetho's high awareness of the real situation of the Second Intermediate Period; some primary sources of this awareness were probably inscriptions and literary compositions that directly reflected the interaction between various local rulers contemporaneous to each other.
{"title":"“The Leading Ones” and “Kings”: What Did Manetho Know About the Political Disintegration of the Second Intermediate Period, and How Did He Express This Knowledge?","authors":"Alexander Nemirovsky","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024518-8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper treats expressions in which Manetho’s narrative about the Hyksos period, known in literal quotation and detailed retelling by Josephus, describes the actors of power in Egypt at different phases of this period. On the eve of Hyksos invasion, according to Manetho, there was one king in Egypt and “the hegemonizing ones” (rulers, leaders) who stand apart from him in the context, and analysis of the text shows that they are the local rulers who performed quasi-independence under the nominal sovereignty of kings of a certain dynasty. In the phase of Hyksos control over all of Egypt, the Hyksos kings of Avaris are depicted as supreme rulers over the “kings of Thebaid” and “[kings] of other Egyptian lands” who are titularly equated with their Hyksos overlords by Manetho; at some point they overthrow the Hyksos yoke and begin the war against Avaris. By the end of this struggle, by Manetho, only the Theban kings are acting on the Egyptian side. This picture largely coincides with real history (the fragmentation of Egypt before the emergence of the Avaris kingdom and at the times of its hegemony; the division of all of Egypt between Avaris kingdom and the Theban kingdom independent of it in the last phase before the fall of Avaris). This reveals Manetho's high awareness of the real situation of the Second Intermediate Period; some primary sources of this awareness were probably inscriptions and literary compositions that directly reflected the interaction between various local rulers contemporaneous to each other.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86971816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024494-2
I. Ladynin
The article presents a detailed analysis of arguments forwarded by a leading Soviet Orientalist Vassiliy Struwe (1889—1965) for his thesis about the existence of the slave-owning mode of production at the Ancient Orient. This thesis was formulated in his lecture at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK) on 4 June 1933 and in a number of publications of 1934. Backing this thesis with the Ancient Near Eastern evidence and building around it a rather vast scheme positioned as an alternative to the cyclist theory of Eduard Meyer was a realization of tasks put before Struwe at his job at GAIMK, as can be seen from the preserved plan of his work there for the year 1933. According to Struwe’s scheme, the evolution of slavery in the earliest irrigation societies of Egypt and Mesopotamia started with the collective property of rural communities on slaves employed in the build-up of the irrigation systems (canals, dams etc.). There eventually developed the individual property on slaves and the vast slave-owning latifundia, which have already existed in Mesopotamia under Ur-III and in the New Kingdom Egypt. In the 1st Millennium B. C. the development of slavery in Mesopotamia and Egypt was comparable with that in the societies of Classical Antiquity. Struwe pointed out a number of slaves’ uprisings at the Ancient Near East starting from the 2nd Millennium B. C. and explained the downfall of ancient societies at the East with the “slave revolution”, like at the West. Struwe’s scheme revealed an emphasis on a rather high development of slavery at the Ancient Orient and parallels between its social phenomena and those of Ancient Greece and Rome. However, this emphasis vanished from his later texts, probably, due to a demand to show the Ancient Oriental societies as a phase preceding the Classical Antiquity, in compliance with the general trend of the world historiography.
{"title":"“Slavery 1.0”: the Concept of the Ancient Oriental Slave-Owning Societies in the Works by Vassiliy Struve of 1933—1934 and Its Perspective","authors":"I. Ladynin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024494-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024494-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a detailed analysis of arguments forwarded by a leading Soviet Orientalist Vassiliy Struwe (1889—1965) for his thesis about the existence of the slave-owning mode of production at the Ancient Orient. This thesis was formulated in his lecture at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK) on 4 June 1933 and in a number of publications of 1934. Backing this thesis with the Ancient Near Eastern evidence and building around it a rather vast scheme positioned as an alternative to the cyclist theory of Eduard Meyer was a realization of tasks put before Struwe at his job at GAIMK, as can be seen from the preserved plan of his work there for the year 1933. According to Struwe’s scheme, the evolution of slavery in the earliest irrigation societies of Egypt and Mesopotamia started with the collective property of rural communities on slaves employed in the build-up of the irrigation systems (canals, dams etc.). There eventually developed the individual property on slaves and the vast slave-owning latifundia, which have already existed in Mesopotamia under Ur-III and in the New Kingdom Egypt. In the 1st Millennium B. C. the development of slavery in Mesopotamia and Egypt was comparable with that in the societies of Classical Antiquity. Struwe pointed out a number of slaves’ uprisings at the Ancient Near East starting from the 2nd Millennium B. C. and explained the downfall of ancient societies at the East with the “slave revolution”, like at the West. Struwe’s scheme revealed an emphasis on a rather high development of slavery at the Ancient Orient and parallels between its social phenomena and those of Ancient Greece and Rome. However, this emphasis vanished from his later texts, probably, due to a demand to show the Ancient Oriental societies as a phase preceding the Classical Antiquity, in compliance with the general trend of the world historiography.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78443042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024935-7
Karim Mirzekhanov
In this article, the author focuses on the potential, prospects and challenges of Turkmenistan’s relations with the US and the EU. He analyses the key factors that have shaped the interest of these global actors in the former Soviet republic following its independence. The struggle for 'resource accumulation’, control over natural resources and important transport corridors has determined the priorities of global powers and geopolitical alliances. Geopolitical and geoeconomic factors have determined the keen interest of both the US and the EU in developing relations with Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, while the value of Turkmenistan’s potential was not immediately apparent to western governments. The study shows that as a Caspian Sea country, Turkmenistan's international subjectivity has increased significantly on account of the main factors determining its foreign policy, namely its neutral status and its focus on energy exports. Differences of political culture and civilisational codes between the sides also played an important role, making the development of relations between the US and the EU, on the one hand, and Turkmenistan, on the other, considerably more difficult.
{"title":"Challenges and Prospects for Turkmenistan’s Engagement with the US and EU","authors":"Karim Mirzekhanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024935-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024935-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author focuses on the potential, prospects and challenges of Turkmenistan’s relations with the US and the EU. He analyses the key factors that have shaped the interest of these global actors in the former Soviet republic following its independence. The struggle for 'resource accumulation’, control over natural resources and important transport corridors has determined the priorities of global powers and geopolitical alliances. Geopolitical and geoeconomic factors have determined the keen interest of both the US and the EU in developing relations with Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, while the value of Turkmenistan’s potential was not immediately apparent to western governments. The study shows that as a Caspian Sea country, Turkmenistan's international subjectivity has increased significantly on account of the main factors determining its foreign policy, namely its neutral status and its focus on energy exports. Differences of political culture and civilisational codes between the sides also played an important role, making the development of relations between the US and the EU, on the one hand, and Turkmenistan, on the other, considerably more difficult.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87936861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024289-6
Nikolay Promyslov
The “cultural turn” in social and humanitarian knowledge has led to the intensive development of various aspects of the problem of collective representations and related models of forming the identity of a community. A lot of modern research is devoted to the problem how people perceive events that they are contemporaries or participants, how they preserve and relay information about these events. The process of total digitalization of society that has taken place in recent decades also leaves its mark on the mechanisms of formation and retransmission of collective memory. These problems are the focus of the monograph published in 2022 and edited by a team of authors led by Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva.
社会和人道主义知识中的“文化转向”导致了集体表征问题的各个方面以及形成社区身份的相关模型的密集发展。许多现代研究都致力于研究人们如何感知与他们同时代的事件或参与者，他们如何保存和传递关于这些事件的信息。近几十年来发生的社会全面数字化进程也在集体记忆的形成和再传播机制上留下了印记。这些问题是由Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva领导的作者团队于2022年出版的专著的重点。
{"title":"Digitalization and Collective Memory: Thoughts Reading a Book “Individual and Collective Memory in the Digital Age”","authors":"Nikolay Promyslov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024289-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024289-6","url":null,"abstract":"The “cultural turn” in social and humanitarian knowledge has led to the intensive development of various aspects of the problem of collective representations and related models of forming the identity of a community. A lot of modern research is devoted to the problem how people perceive events that they are contemporaries or participants, how they preserve and relay information about these events. The process of total digitalization of society that has taken place in recent decades also leaves its mark on the mechanisms of formation and retransmission of collective memory. These problems are the focus of the monograph published in 2022 and edited by a team of authors led by Elena Trufanova, Natalya Emelyanova, Aleksandra Yakovleva.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024702-1
O. Metel
The author of this article reconstructs the scientific biography of the Leningrad semitologist-Hebraist K. B. Starkova and shows her role in the formation of Soviet Qumran studies. The source of this research consists of the scientific works of K. B. Starkova and her colleagues devoted to the analysis of Qumran texts, sources of personal origin of Soviet Orientalists, and documents deposited in the personal fund of K. B. Starkova in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (office documents, correspondence materials, drafts scientific works, etc.). Based on the above materials and taking into account the general context of the development of Qumran studies in the USSR and beyond, the author of this article concludes that K. B. Starkova not only translated into Russian some manuscripts of the Dead Sea, but also showed the crucial importance of Deuteronomy for the formation of Qumran literature, while offering her own reading of the image of the Righteous Mentor (or the Teacher of Righteousness). At the same time, her research was devoid of the defining influence of Soviet Marxism, although the general approach to the analysis of manuscripts partly corresponded to the general Soviet trend towards the study of social processes in the ancient world.
{"title":"Klavdia Starkova and the Beginning of the Study of Qumran Manuscripts in the USSR","authors":"O. Metel","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024702-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024702-1","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this article reconstructs the scientific biography of the Leningrad semitologist-Hebraist K. B. Starkova and shows her role in the formation of Soviet Qumran studies. The source of this research consists of the scientific works of K. B. Starkova and her colleagues devoted to the analysis of Qumran texts, sources of personal origin of Soviet Orientalists, and documents deposited in the personal fund of K. B. Starkova in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (office documents, correspondence materials, drafts scientific works, etc.). Based on the above materials and taking into account the general context of the development of Qumran studies in the USSR and beyond, the author of this article concludes that K. B. Starkova not only translated into Russian some manuscripts of the Dead Sea, but also showed the crucial importance of Deuteronomy for the formation of Qumran literature, while offering her own reading of the image of the Righteous Mentor (or the Teacher of Righteousness). At the same time, her research was devoid of the defining influence of Soviet Marxism, although the general approach to the analysis of manuscripts partly corresponded to the general Soviet trend towards the study of social processes in the ancient world.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90993666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024131-3
Dmitrij Zernov
The article analyzes some changes in the image of the Belarusian partisans in the post-Soviet cinematography under the influence of the dominant attitude to aestheticization and nostalgic play on the Soviet heroic narrative. The narratives formed in Soviet and post-Soviet historiography are compared with the dominant strategies of representation in contemporary cinematography. The perception of these strategies by the audiences of young people is analyzed on the basis of the materials of ten focus groups. It is proved that post-Soviet films are characterized by the inconsistency between the conservative political message and the aesthetic or entertainment line aimed at the commercial exploitation of the viewer's emotions.
{"title":"Belarusian Partisans in Soviet and Post-Soviet Cinema: the View of a Student Audience","authors":"Dmitrij Zernov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024131-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024131-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes some changes in the image of the Belarusian partisans in the post-Soviet cinematography under the influence of the dominant attitude to aestheticization and nostalgic play on the Soviet heroic narrative. The narratives formed in Soviet and post-Soviet historiography are compared with the dominant strategies of representation in contemporary cinematography. The perception of these strategies by the audiences of young people is analyzed on the basis of the materials of ten focus groups. It is proved that post-Soviet films are characterized by the inconsistency between the conservative political message and the aesthetic or entertainment line aimed at the commercial exploitation of the viewer's emotions.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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