Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025002-1
A. Prokopiev
The article considers the phenomenon of the imperial and princely court of the Holy Roman Empire in the focus of modern historiographical discussion of German historians. What were the new methodological approaches to the study of the court at the end of the 20th century? How strong was the influence of historical sociology and anthropology? What new schools and trends can be identified at the turn of the century? The specificity of the German material is especially emphasized: the need for a comparative study of over 300 residences of the imperial estates in the early modern period. Today, the princely and imperial courts are seen by historians not so much as a political instrument of power, but as a reflection of the diverse social and cultural processes in the society of the beginning of modern times.
{"title":"Imperial and Princely Court of the Holy Roman Empire in Early Modern in Modern Historiography","authors":"A. Prokopiev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025002-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025002-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the phenomenon of the imperial and princely court of the Holy Roman Empire in the focus of modern historiographical discussion of German historians. What were the new methodological approaches to the study of the court at the end of the 20th century? How strong was the influence of historical sociology and anthropology? What new schools and trends can be identified at the turn of the century? The specificity of the German material is especially emphasized: the need for a comparative study of over 300 residences of the imperial estates in the early modern period. Today, the princely and imperial courts are seen by historians not so much as a political instrument of power, but as a reflection of the diverse social and cultural processes in the society of the beginning of modern times.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90274098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024129-0
Aleksey Schavelev
The article analyzes the data from a set of written sources on the early medieval community of Kriviches. These data unequivocally indicate that the Kriviches were the carriers of the Slavic language. Their place of habitation is specified — within the limits of the Oka forest, it is shown that they originally inhabited the cities of Smolensk and Polotsk. The time when their community existed — from the middle of the 10th century to the beginning of the 12th century — is also specified. It is concluded that the Kriviches were one of the Slavic communities, evidently serving (guides and boatmen on drag) the system of trade and communication routes between the upper reaches of the Volga, Dnieper and Western Dvina rivers. There are also arguments in favour of the fact that the inhabitants of the Polotsk land continued to be considered Kriviches in the 12th century, and perhaps even later — until the beginning of the 14th century.
{"title":"The Kriviches: Etymology, Localization, and Type of Identity","authors":"Aleksey Schavelev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024129-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024129-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the data from a set of written sources on the early medieval community of Kriviches. These data unequivocally indicate that the Kriviches were the carriers of the Slavic language. Their place of habitation is specified — within the limits of the Oka forest, it is shown that they originally inhabited the cities of Smolensk and Polotsk. The time when their community existed — from the middle of the 10th century to the beginning of the 12th century — is also specified. It is concluded that the Kriviches were one of the Slavic communities, evidently serving (guides and boatmen on drag) the system of trade and communication routes between the upper reaches of the Volga, Dnieper and Western Dvina rivers. There are also arguments in favour of the fact that the inhabitants of the Polotsk land continued to be considered Kriviches in the 12th century, and perhaps even later — until the beginning of the 14th century.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84924272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024512-2
E. Solomatina
Myth of Makar plays a special role in common Greek tradition about the foundation of Aiolian Lesbos, since the myth presents an alternative version of history of founding of Greek settlements in Lesbos, dating this event to the Late Bronze Age. However the most complete version of the myth presented by Diodorus Siculus contains very little that definitely indicates both the origin of Makar himself and his colonists as Greeks. On the contrary many of the details included in the myth testify to the non-Greek component of this myth. Accordingly, the ancient tradition tried in every possible way to rectify Makar’s genealogy and change the content of the holistic story to make it possible to incorporate myth of Makar into the common Hellenic tradition of founding Greek settlements outside the mainland Greece.
{"title":"Myth of Makar — the First Founder of Lesbos or How to Become a Greek","authors":"E. Solomatina","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024512-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024512-2","url":null,"abstract":"Myth of Makar plays a special role in common Greek tradition about the foundation of Aiolian Lesbos, since the myth presents an alternative version of history of founding of Greek settlements in Lesbos, dating this event to the Late Bronze Age. However the most complete version of the myth presented by Diodorus Siculus contains very little that definitely indicates both the origin of Makar himself and his colonists as Greeks. On the contrary many of the details included in the myth testify to the non-Greek component of this myth. Accordingly, the ancient tradition tried in every possible way to rectify Makar’s genealogy and change the content of the holistic story to make it possible to incorporate myth of Makar into the common Hellenic tradition of founding Greek settlements outside the mainland Greece.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85083361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024623-4
Katherine Berzon
The article concerns with the Late Babylonian text YOS 20. 87 which contains valuable information on the building of the Rēš Temple in Early Seleukid Uruk. The chronology of the text covers the period from 290 to 275 B. C. that corresponds to the time of Antiochos I’s coregency and the first years of his sovereign reign. There was a number of “instructions” (ṭēmu) regarding the building of Bīt Rēš, one of them seems to be the letter of Antiochos himself. The king apparently supported this initiative although he most likely did not personally participate in it. The mention of Queen Apama, mother of Antiochos and the first wife of Seleukos I, in YOS 20. 87 indicates that c. 290 B. C. she was probably alive and together with her son contributed to the building the Rēš Temple. Kidin-Anu, the āšipu priest of Anu, can be identified with the chief priest (šešgallu) of Bīt Rēš known from several Late Babylonian ritual texts. The evidence finds a parallel in so-called Uruk prophecy which may also contain allusions to the first Seleukids. All these sources provide an important evidence on the early stage of the history of the Rēš Temple. It also demonstrates that royal patronage of the first Seleukids (especially Antiochos I) was not limited only to Babylon and Borsippa.
这篇文章关注的是晚期巴比伦文本YOS 20。其中包含了早期Seleukid Uruk建造Rēš神庙的宝贵信息。文本的年表涵盖了从公元前290年到275年的时期，对应于安提阿科斯一世的执政时间和他的主权统治的第一年。有许多“指示”(ṭēmu)关于建造b ā t Rēš，其中一个似乎是安提阿科斯本人的信。国王显然支持这一倡议，尽管他很可能没有亲自参与。阿帕玛女王，安提阿科斯的母亲，塞琉科斯一世的第一任妻子，在公元20年。87表明大约公元前290年，她可能还活着，并与她的儿子一起为建造Rēš神庙做出了贡献。Kidin-Anu， āšipu Anu的祭司，可以与几个晚期巴比伦仪式文本中所知的b t Rēš的大祭司(šešgallu)相识别。证据发现在所谓的乌鲁克预言中也有类似的情况，其中可能也包含了对第一个Seleukids的暗示。所有这些资料都为Rēš神庙的早期历史提供了重要的证据。它还表明，王室对第一批Seleukids(尤其是Antiochos I)的赞助不仅限于巴比伦和Borsippa。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024132-4
Aleksander Gorny
The article deals with the little-studied issue of the memory politics of Belarusian national activists in interwar Western Belarus. In historiography, this issue is just beginning to acquire its own research field using new approaches and methods. The author of the article reveals the role of historical education and upbringing in the memory politics of Belarusians in interwar Poland, analyzes commemorative practices connected with the installation of monuments to famous Belarusian public figures in cemeteries and holding memorial events, gives a definition of the “literary” direction of historical politics, where representatives of Belarusian culture, rather than famous political figures, were in the first place.
{"title":"Implementation of the Politics of Memory in the Belarusian National Movement in Interwar Poland","authors":"Aleksander Gorny","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024132-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024132-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the little-studied issue of the memory politics of Belarusian national activists in interwar Western Belarus. In historiography, this issue is just beginning to acquire its own research field using new approaches and methods. The author of the article reveals the role of historical education and upbringing in the memory politics of Belarusians in interwar Poland, analyzes commemorative practices connected with the installation of monuments to famous Belarusian public figures in cemeteries and holding memorial events, gives a definition of the “literary” direction of historical politics, where representatives of Belarusian culture, rather than famous political figures, were in the first place.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025158-2
V. Védyushkin
The article examines the activities of a group of Spanish researchers from the Autonomous University of Madrid (José Martínez Millán, Manuel Rivero Rodríguez and others) who began to study the court of the Spanish Habsburgs in the early 1990s. On its basis, in 2006, the University Institute “The Court in Europe” (Instituto Universitario “La Corte en Europa”, hereinafter — IULCE) was established, which unites efforts of many scientists in different countries, combining scientific research, teaching and popularization of knowledge about the court in its activities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the structure and main activities of IULCE, such as the organization of international congresses and publication of their materials, publication of the electronic scientific journal “Libros de Corte”, assistance to the authorities in the development of cultural tourism, creation of databases on the court of the Spanish Habsburgs, but above all — a large-scale ongoing project of a comprehensive study of the royal court during the reign of each monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. The article traces the changes in the structure of these works, corresponding to the dynamics of studying the peculiarities of the development of the court of the Spanish Habsburgs, which found themselves in the orbit of IULCE's research interests. The distinctive features of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the court are examined. An interview with the director of IULCE, professor Manuel Rivero Rodríguez, taken by the author of this article, is published as an appendix, which allows us to better understand the peculiarities of the functioning of the Institute and the prospects for its development.
这篇文章考察了马德里自治大学(jos Martínez Millán, Manuel Rivero Rodríguez等)的一组西班牙研究人员的活动，他们从20世纪90年代初开始研究西班牙哈布斯堡王朝的宫廷。在此基础上，2006年成立了“欧洲法院”大学研究所(Instituto Universitario“La Corte en Europa”，以下简称“IULCE”)，该研究所汇集了各国众多科学家的努力，将法院的科学研究、教学和知识普及结合起来。本文的目的是分析IULCE的结构和主要活动，例如组织国际会议及其材料的出版，电子科学期刊“Libros de Corte”的出版，协助当局发展文化旅游，建立西班牙哈布斯堡法院的数据库，但最重要的是-对西班牙哈布斯堡王朝每一位君主统治时期的王室进行全面研究的大规模正在进行的项目。文章追溯了这些作品结构的变化，与研究西班牙哈布斯堡宫廷发展特点的动态相对应，发现自己处于IULCE研究兴趣的轨道上。一个跨学科的方法来研究法院的独特特点进行了审查。本文作者对IULCE主任Manuel Rivero教授Rodríguez的采访作为附录发表，这使我们能够更好地了解该研究所运作的特点及其发展前景。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025024-5
Anna Gershtein
The article deals with the appearance in 1284 of a man who declared himself as Emperor Frederick II of Staufen, who had actually died more than 30 years earlier. When this man was asked where he had been for so many years, he replied that he had covered his sins in the Holy Land as a pilgrim, and now the time had come again to him to rule his empire. This story revealed that medieval man apprehended contemporary events in “several times” at once: 1) as a period of the reign of one sovereign (which, as this episode shows, could be broken and then resumed); 2) the sacral time, a tangible proximity “the end times”; 3) still alive and actualizable images of the emperor in people’s memory. And these memories to some extent continued to define the actions of the urban community at the time when the impostor appeared.
{"title":"Discourses of Time and the Ghost of the Roman Emperor","authors":"Anna Gershtein","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025024-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025024-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the appearance in 1284 of a man who declared himself as Emperor Frederick II of Staufen, who had actually died more than 30 years earlier. When this man was asked where he had been for so many years, he replied that he had covered his sins in the Holy Land as a pilgrim, and now the time had come again to him to rule his empire. This story revealed that medieval man apprehended contemporary events in “several times” at once: 1) as a period of the reign of one sovereign (which, as this episode shows, could be broken and then resumed); 2) the sacral time, a tangible proximity “the end times”; 3) still alive and actualizable images of the emperor in people’s memory. And these memories to some extent continued to define the actions of the urban community at the time when the impostor appeared.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025387-4
S. Buranok
The paper is devoted to the problem of approaches and assessments of the Chinese crisis of 1930s in the US press. No research in China’s image and image of “open door” during the china-japanese war would be complete without studying the press of the participating parties. In order to give a detailed analysis of the international relationships in terms of the global transformations from the American point of view, the authors analyze relevant newspaper articles published after the 1930s. The paper is based on materials of democratic and republican editions of the USA press. The materials of the American press of 1930s, dedicated to the search for the most efficient optimal strategy of building relations with China and Japan, show that among other things there is a steady interest of American mass media towards negative and positive experience of Asian policy. All the complexity of the crisis perception was reflected in the press, which tried to form an understanding of the new process in which America was involved. In the course of a difficult search of an optimal way and a view on the crisis, several polar points of view were formulated in the American press. The image of China was an important factor in the US information policy. Thus, the study of the attitude of the major American press and the positions of the most prominent journalists is of interest to the analysis of how the USA after the Chinese crisis gradually realized the place of the country in the new system of international relations. In addition, the press shows how the United States planned to develop interaction with the warring states in the Pacific Ocean.
{"title":"“Closed Door”: the Chinese Crisis and Models of Colonial Order as Assessed by the US Expert Journalistic Community in the Early 1930s","authors":"S. Buranok","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025387-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025387-4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the problem of approaches and assessments of the Chinese crisis of 1930s in the US press. No research in China’s image and image of “open door” during the china-japanese war would be complete without studying the press of the participating parties. In order to give a detailed analysis of the international relationships in terms of the global transformations from the American point of view, the authors analyze relevant newspaper articles published after the 1930s. The paper is based on materials of democratic and republican editions of the USA press. The materials of the American press of 1930s, dedicated to the search for the most efficient optimal strategy of building relations with China and Japan, show that among other things there is a steady interest of American mass media towards negative and positive experience of Asian policy. All the complexity of the crisis perception was reflected in the press, which tried to form an understanding of the new process in which America was involved. In the course of a difficult search of an optimal way and a view on the crisis, several polar points of view were formulated in the American press. The image of China was an important factor in the US information policy. Thus, the study of the attitude of the major American press and the positions of the most prominent journalists is of interest to the analysis of how the USA after the Chinese crisis gradually realized the place of the country in the new system of international relations. In addition, the press shows how the United States planned to develop interaction with the warring states in the Pacific Ocean.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80918285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024621-2
A. Baryshnikov
The paper deals with the current state of research of Durovernum cantiacorum (Roman Canterbury). History of ancient Canterbury in many aspects remains unknown and unclear despite the decades of fruitful fieldwork. One of the reasons for this is an obscuring image of Durovernum that presents it as a typical Romano-British town, almost identical to other centers of provincial urbanism. The author suggests that a number of key points in history of Roman Canterbury needs to become objects for the critical re-thinking. In particular it is needed to investigate a context of the foundation of Iron Age settlement, to update our knowledge of the main phases of the urban development, to analyze the data that helps to reconstruct social history of Durovernum. Contemporary research of these topics (works by D. Holman, J. Weekes, L. Duffy and others) gives us hope that the appearance of a new, more detailed and nuanced history of Roman Canterbury will happen very soon.
本文介绍了罗马坎特伯雷(古罗马坎特伯雷)的研究现状。尽管经过几十年卓有成效的田野调查，古代坎特伯雷的历史在许多方面仍然是未知和不清楚的。造成这种情况的原因之一是，杜鲁弗纳姆给人的印象模糊，把它描绘成一个典型的罗马-英国城镇，几乎与其他省级城市主义中心一模一样。作者认为，罗马坎特伯雷历史中的一些关键点需要成为批判性反思的对象。特别是需要调查铁器时代定居基础的背景，更新我们对城市发展主要阶段的知识，分析有助于重建杜鲁弗纳姆社会历史的数据。这些主题的当代研究(D. Holman, J. Weekes, L. Duffy和其他人的作品)给了我们希望，一个新的，更详细和细致入微的罗马坎特伯雷历史将很快出现。
{"title":"In Search of Durovernum: New Studies of Roman Canterbury","authors":"A. Baryshnikov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024621-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024621-2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the current state of research of Durovernum cantiacorum (Roman Canterbury). History of ancient Canterbury in many aspects remains unknown and unclear despite the decades of fruitful fieldwork. One of the reasons for this is an obscuring image of Durovernum that presents it as a typical Romano-British town, almost identical to other centers of provincial urbanism. The author suggests that a number of key points in history of Roman Canterbury needs to become objects for the critical re-thinking. In particular it is needed to investigate a context of the foundation of Iron Age settlement, to update our knowledge of the main phases of the urban development, to analyze the data that helps to reconstruct social history of Durovernum. Contemporary research of these topics (works by D. Holman, J. Weekes, L. Duffy and others) gives us hope that the appearance of a new, more detailed and nuanced history of Roman Canterbury will happen very soon.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90858976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840023839-1
Valentina Bolt
The article is a review of the works of Russian historians studying the events of the Italian and Swiss campaigns of A. V. Suvorov in the military-anthropological context. Among the numerous works on the campaign of 1799, the topic of the everyday life of soldiers is revealed only by individual authors, relying on a number of personal sources published as early as the 19th century. Other aspects of the life of Suvorov soldiers during campaigns: relations with the local population and with military personnel of other contingents, attitudes towards assigned military tasks, illnesses, women — all these topics, if they were touched upon by Russian authors, were only in passing.
{"title":"Anthropology of the Italian and Swiss Campaigns of A. Souvorov: Historiography of the Theme","authors":"Valentina Bolt","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023839-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023839-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a review of the works of Russian historians studying the events of the Italian and Swiss campaigns of A. V. Suvorov in the military-anthropological context. Among the numerous works on the campaign of 1799, the topic of the everyday life of soldiers is revealed only by individual authors, relying on a number of personal sources published as early as the 19th century. Other aspects of the life of Suvorov soldiers during campaigns: relations with the local population and with military personnel of other contingents, attitudes towards assigned military tasks, illnesses, women — all these topics, if they were touched upon by Russian authors, were only in passing.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91120114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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