Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.2174/0115733947273426231128054645
Pinky Sharma, V. Jhawat, Jatinder Singh, Rohit Dutt
Oncological medications face a myriad of challenges, including technological, pre-clinical, clinical, and manufacturing, that lead to regulatory approval delays or failures. The present study aims to identify some challenges encountered by researchers or regulators during the development of novel cancer therapies. The present cross-sectional observational study used a mixed-method design methodology. The participants were selected via a non-random sampling method via self-selection and snowballing approach. A survey questionnaire was developed and circulated among the selected participants as a hard copy or email or a Google form. Open-ended and closed-ended questions were incorporated to identify the regulatory challenges faced during oncology drug development. The responses were collected from September 2021 to June 2022. These responses were then coded and themes were identified for the challenges. A total of 87 responses were obtained for the questionnaire among the individuals contacted. Seven themes were identified from the collated responses that depicted the challenges for the regulatory approval of anticancer drug products. The majority of responders (38.2%) suggested reduced approval time whereas endpoint selection and study design were considered as a challenge by 12.0% of responders each. Furthermore, 6.0% of responders admit that timely interaction with the regulators is also a challenge that delays approval. Many challenges also exist during the product development phase; hence, 12.0% of responders reported safety issues, and 22.0% of responders reported technical issues during manufacturing as the cause of regulatory failure. Moreover, 12.0% of responders suggested the need for improvements in regulatory guidelines for oncology drug development. The survey indicates a lack of Indian guidelines for anticancer products, whereas limited guidance is available from other countries such as Europe or the United States. Thus, the survey points to the necessity for improvement in the regulatory guidelines and drug approval process to address the challenges unique to cancer drug development.
{"title":"Understanding the Challenges Associated with Approval of Anticancer\u0000Products to Facilitate the Regulatory Approvals: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Pinky Sharma, V. Jhawat, Jatinder Singh, Rohit Dutt","doi":"10.2174/0115733947273426231128054645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947273426231128054645","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oncological medications face a myriad of challenges, including technological,\u0000pre-clinical, clinical, and manufacturing, that lead to regulatory approval delays or failures. The present\u0000study aims to identify some challenges encountered by researchers or regulators during the development\u0000of novel cancer therapies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present cross-sectional observational study used a mixed-method design methodology.\u0000The participants were selected via a non-random sampling method via self-selection and snowballing\u0000approach. A survey questionnaire was developed and circulated among the selected participants as a\u0000hard copy or email or a Google form. Open-ended and closed-ended questions were incorporated to\u0000identify the regulatory challenges faced during oncology drug development. The responses were collected\u0000from September 2021 to June 2022. These responses were then coded and themes were identified\u0000for the challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 87 responses were obtained for the questionnaire among the individuals contacted.\u0000Seven themes were identified from the collated responses that depicted the challenges for the regulatory\u0000approval of anticancer drug products. The majority of responders (38.2%) suggested reduced\u0000approval time whereas endpoint selection and study design were considered as a challenge by 12.0%\u0000of responders each. Furthermore, 6.0% of responders admit that timely interaction with the regulators\u0000is also a challenge that delays approval. Many challenges also exist during the product development\u0000phase; hence, 12.0% of responders reported safety issues, and 22.0% of responders reported technical\u0000issues during manufacturing as the cause of regulatory failure. Moreover, 12.0% of responders suggested\u0000the need for improvements in regulatory guidelines for oncology drug development.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The survey indicates a lack of Indian guidelines for anticancer products, whereas limited\u0000guidance is available from other countries such as Europe or the United States. Thus, the survey\u0000points to the necessity for improvement in the regulatory guidelines and drug approval process to address\u0000the challenges unique to cancer drug development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.2174/0115733947279948231213190721
José Molina-García, David Vázquez, Ernesto Piñón, Alonso Portilla, M. Tena-Suck, Angel Lee, Carmen Rubio
Bibliometric analysis quantitatively examines scientific literature to extract insights. This article has conducted such analysis on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment articles. GBM, a prevalent brain tumor, is typically treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The article aimed to bibliometrically analyze articles discussing combined GBM treatment to identify impactful research areas and encourage collaboration. The study encompassed a comprehensive search in the Scopus database, spanning articles published from 1974 to 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed research conducted in the Americas, both clinical and experimental. A total of 772 articles were collected and categorized based on their primary focus on combined treatment approaches. Clinical studies constituted 52% of articles, suggesting a slight dominance. The analysis unveiled key research moments, including a 1998 focus shift and a pivotal 2005 study on temozolomide-radiation combination. Top journals, trends, and authors were identified, with the USA leading in contributions. Despite high brain tumor incidence, research distribution discrepancy is concerning. Regional epidemiological studies have been endorsed. The dominance of US and German authors in GBM collaboration has raised equity issues due to budget and GDP disparities limiting Latin American representation. GBM research in the region is dominated by the USA, while contributions from Latin American countries remain limited. The absence of comprehensive epidemiological studies on GBM in Latin America is concerning, considering the evident impact of the disease in the region. This underscores the urgent need for increased research participation and collaboration to advance the understanding and treatment of GBM across Latin American nations.
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis to Improve Combined Treatment Strategies for\u0000Glioblastoma in America","authors":"José Molina-García, David Vázquez, Ernesto Piñón, Alonso Portilla, M. Tena-Suck, Angel Lee, Carmen Rubio","doi":"10.2174/0115733947279948231213190721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947279948231213190721","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Bibliometric analysis quantitatively examines scientific literature to extract\u0000insights. This article has conducted such analysis on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment articles. GBM, a prevalent brain tumor, is typically treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The article aimed to bibliometrically analyze articles discussing combined GBM treatment to identify impactful research areas and encourage collaboration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study encompassed a comprehensive search in the Scopus database,\u0000spanning articles published from 1974 to 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed research conducted in\u0000the Americas, both clinical and experimental. A total of 772 articles were collected and categorized\u0000based on their primary focus on combined treatment approaches.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Clinical studies constituted 52% of articles, suggesting a slight dominance. The analysis unveiled key research moments, including a 1998 focus shift and a pivotal 2005 study on temozolomide-radiation combination. Top journals, trends, and authors were identified, with the USA\u0000leading in contributions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Despite high brain tumor incidence, research distribution discrepancy is concerning.\u0000Regional epidemiological studies have been endorsed. The dominance of US and German authors in\u0000GBM collaboration has raised equity issues due to budget and GDP disparities limiting Latin American representation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000GBM research in the region is dominated by the USA, while contributions from Latin\u0000American countries remain limited. The absence of comprehensive epidemiological studies on GBM\u0000in Latin America is concerning, considering the evident impact of the disease in the region. This underscores the urgent need for increased research participation and collaboration to advance the understanding and treatment of GBM across Latin American nations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-01-31DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e48
Won Choi, Wooje Lee, Kiyoun Kim
Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.
{"title":"Odor generation pattern of swine manure according to the processing form of feed.","authors":"Won Choi, Wooje Lee, Kiyoun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e48","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.</p>","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90062778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.2174/0115733947272587231115074506
Megala Jayaraman, Diveyaa Sivakumar
Childhood cardiac tumors are rare but challenging conditions that can have a significant impact on a child’s health and even be fatal if not detected and diagnosed timely. While various types of tumors can occur in the heart, the most common among children are benign tumors, such as rhabdomyomas. Diagnosis of pediatric cardiac tumors is often challenging and requires a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies and biopsy. In some cases, the tumors may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, while in others, they can cause symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Treatment options for pediatric cardiac tumors vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor and may include surgical resection, watchful waiting or a combination of both. The prognosis for children with cardiac tumors is generally good, with a high rate of complete cure in many cases. However, long-term follow-up and monitoring are important to detect and manage any potential complications or recurrence of the tumors.
{"title":"Childhood Heart Tumors: Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatments","authors":"Megala Jayaraman, Diveyaa Sivakumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733947272587231115074506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947272587231115074506","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Childhood cardiac tumors are rare but challenging conditions that can have a significant\u0000impact on a child’s health and even be fatal if not detected and diagnosed timely. While various types\u0000of tumors can occur in the heart, the most common among children are benign tumors, such as\u0000rhabdomyomas. Diagnosis of pediatric cardiac tumors is often challenging and requires a\u0000combination of clinical examination, imaging studies and biopsy. In some cases, the tumors may be\u0000asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, while in others, they can cause symptoms, such as\u0000shortness of breath, chest pain, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Treatment options for\u0000pediatric cardiac tumors vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor and may include\u0000surgical resection, watchful waiting or a combination of both. The prognosis for children with cardiac\u0000tumors is generally good, with a high rate of complete cure in many cases. However, long-term\u0000follow-up and monitoring are important to detect and manage any potential complications or\u0000recurrence of the tumors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"118 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.2174/0115733947257347231025111224
Z. Tolou_Ghamari
Metformin, a miracle drug that was introduced a century ago, could be considered for various aspects of diseases such as diabetes (type 1 and 2), cancer prevention or chemotherapy, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. It is well known that the frequency of cancer is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide updated information regarding clinical pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of action of Metformin in different diseases such as cancer. Diabetes type 1 is another chronic autoimmune disease detected usually in early childhood due to immune-mediated devastation of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Because of the lack of effective therapeutic approaches, its prevalence is increasing. Regarding cancer, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths were reported in 2020 worldwide. By 50-60% bioavailability, the main route of metformin excretion is through urine. Its mechanism of action is based on 1) initiation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, 2) block proinflammatory paths in perivascular adipose tissue, 3) decrease in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in vascular tissues, and 4) improvement in endothelial function. Metformin induces adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and suppresses gluconeogenesis. Antitumor properties of Metformin include a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation and inducing autophagy. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, Metformin has moderate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. It could improve lipid profile and reduce overweight individuals' body mass and arterial blood pressure. In type 1 diabetes, Metformin reduces the requirement for daily insulin and improves glycemia. Its long-term use decreases cardiovascular events. In addition to inhibiting the synthesis of lipids via a reduction in oxidative stress, Metformin inhibits inflammation and increases energy metabolism. Finally, by reducing micro- and macro-vascular consequences, mortality-related diabetes and cancer decline by metformin administration. Therefore, in addition to diabetes, Metformin could reduce the proliferation of cancer cells and the possibility of malignancies in different types of cancer.
{"title":"Metformin (The Miracle Drug) Kinetics in Different Diseases such as Cancer","authors":"Z. Tolou_Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/0115733947257347231025111224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947257347231025111224","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin, a miracle drug that was introduced a century ago, could be considered for various aspects of diseases such as diabetes (type 1 and 2), cancer prevention or chemotherapy, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. It is well known that the frequency of cancer is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide updated information regarding clinical pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of action of Metformin in different diseases such as cancer. Diabetes type 1 is another chronic autoimmune disease detected usually in early childhood due to immune-mediated devastation of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Because of the lack of effective therapeutic approaches, its prevalence is increasing. Regarding cancer, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths were reported in 2020 worldwide. By 50-60% bioavailability, the main route of metformin excretion is through urine. Its mechanism of action is based on 1) initiation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, 2) block proinflammatory paths in perivascular adipose tissue, 3) decrease in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in vascular tissues, and 4) improvement in endothelial function. Metformin induces adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and suppresses gluconeogenesis. Antitumor properties of Metformin include a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation and inducing autophagy. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, Metformin has moderate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. It could improve lipid profile and reduce overweight individuals' body mass and arterial blood pressure. In type 1 diabetes, Metformin reduces the requirement for daily insulin and improves glycemia. Its long-term use decreases cardiovascular events. In addition to inhibiting the synthesis of lipids via a reduction in oxidative stress, Metformin inhibits inflammation and increases energy metabolism. Finally, by reducing micro- and macro-vascular consequences, mortality-related diabetes and cancer decline by metformin administration. Therefore, in addition to diabetes, Metformin could reduce the proliferation of cancer cells and the possibility of malignancies in different types of cancer.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"46 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Skin cancer is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies affecting the skin, with three primary types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Each subtype varies in terms of its histological origin, behavior, and potential for metastasis. Despite advances in treatment, skin cancer poses challenges due to biological barriers that hinder drug delivery, multidrug resistance mechanisms that limit treatment effectiveness, and the complex interplay of genetic alterations driving tumorigenesis. Current treatment strategies encompass a spectrum of approaches, including chemotherapies, immunotherapies, gene therapies, and innovative techniques such as photothermal therapy, iontophoretic therapy, electroporation therapy, microneedle array therapy, and nanotechnology-based treatments. The latter involves liposomes, niosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, hydrogels, and gold nanoparticles, all tailored to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, herbal drug-based therapy harnesses the potential of natural compounds to target various aspects of skin cancer progression. This review provides an overview of skin cancer types, challenges in treatment, and an extensive exploration of current therapeutic strategies, highlighting the everevolving landscape of innovative approaches that promise to transform how skin cancer is managed.
{"title":"Treatment Considerations to Overcome the Barriers Associated with Skin Cancer Targeting","authors":"Pratibha Kumari, Md Aftab Alam, Shivang Dhoundiyal, Awaneet Kaur, Shikha Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0115733947253349231027043858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947253349231027043858","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Skin cancer is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies affecting the skin, with three primary types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Each subtype varies in terms of its histological origin, behavior, and potential for metastasis. Despite advances in treatment, skin cancer poses challenges due to biological barriers that hinder drug delivery, multidrug resistance mechanisms that limit treatment effectiveness, and the complex interplay of genetic alterations driving tumorigenesis. Current treatment strategies encompass a spectrum of approaches, including chemotherapies, immunotherapies, gene therapies, and innovative techniques such as photothermal therapy, iontophoretic therapy, electroporation therapy, microneedle array therapy, and nanotechnology-based treatments. The latter involves liposomes, niosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, hydrogels, and gold nanoparticles, all tailored to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, herbal drug-based therapy harnesses the potential of natural compounds to target various aspects of skin cancer progression. This review provides an overview of skin cancer types, challenges in treatment, and an extensive exploration of current therapeutic strategies, highlighting the everevolving landscape of innovative approaches that promise to transform how skin cancer is managed.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"102 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.2174/0115733947244316231027045822
Masoud Mohebbi, Mohammad Ali Yaghoubi, Ali Moradi, Zohreh Mousavi, Maliheh Dadgar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Zeynab Gholami
Objective: Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) comprise a new subgroup of thyroid tumors of follicular origin with borderline histologic features that lack evidence of either capsular or vascular invasion. In contrast to the invasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (IFVPTC), adverse events such as cancer-related death, distant or regional metastases, and structural or biochemical recurrence do not occur in patients with NIFTP. Many studies have been done to elucidate these two specific types of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and reduce aggressive therapeutic actions. This study compares molecular, cytological, and radiologic features of NIFTP and IFVPTC. Methods & Materials: Two groups of patients with NIFTP and IFVPTC (n = 18 in each group) who were referred to the endocrine clinic, at Imam Reza Hospital, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Molecular analysis for BRAFV600E mutation of thyroid tissue was evaluated for all cases. Patient data included: age, sex, type of surgery, thyroid sonographic findings, and prior cytological diagnosis with the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Results: Only two cases in the IFVPTC group were positive for BRAFV600E mutation. The majority of NIFTP cases were diagnosed as benign lesions (8/18). In contrast, the majority of IFVPTC cases were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy on cytology (7/18). The mean nodule size in ultrasound in the NIFTP group (41.81 ± 20.43 mm) was larger than the IFVPTC group (36.72 ± 20.73 mm) (p =0.47). Most cases in the IFVPTC group had significantly multiple nodules (72.2%), while most cases in the NIFTP group (81.3%) had solitary nodules. Nodule composition in both groups was solid and complex; however, no cystic nodules were detected in ultrasound examinations. Furthermore, no calcification or lymphadenopathy was seen in the majority of cases in ultrasound. In the IFVPTC group, 47.1% and 35.3% of nodules were hyperechoic and hypoechoic, respectively, while 23.1%, 38.5%, and 23.1% of nodules in the NIFTP group were heterogenic, hyperechoic, and hypoechoic, respectively. Conclusion: According to our findings, only 11.1% of IFVPTC cases were BRAFV600E-positive, while none of the patients in the NIFTP group showed this mutation. However, IFVPTC was predominantly associated with a preceding diagnosis of PTC on FNA, and NIFTP was associated with the preceding diagnosis of benign lesions and follicular neoplasm. Sonographic findings failed to distinguish NIFTP from IFVPTC.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on BRAFV600E Mutation, Sonographic Findings, and Pathologic Characteristics in Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) and Invasive Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (IFVPTC)","authors":"Masoud Mohebbi, Mohammad Ali Yaghoubi, Ali Moradi, Zohreh Mousavi, Maliheh Dadgar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Zeynab Gholami","doi":"10.2174/0115733947244316231027045822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947244316231027045822","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) comprise a new subgroup of thyroid tumors of follicular origin with borderline histologic features that lack evidence of either capsular or vascular invasion. In contrast to the invasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (IFVPTC), adverse events such as cancer-related death, distant or regional metastases, and structural or biochemical recurrence do not occur in patients with NIFTP. Many studies have been done to elucidate these two specific types of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and reduce aggressive therapeutic actions. This study compares molecular, cytological, and radiologic features of NIFTP and IFVPTC. Methods & Materials: Two groups of patients with NIFTP and IFVPTC (n = 18 in each group) who were referred to the endocrine clinic, at Imam Reza Hospital, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Molecular analysis for BRAFV600E mutation of thyroid tissue was evaluated for all cases. Patient data included: age, sex, type of surgery, thyroid sonographic findings, and prior cytological diagnosis with the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Results: Only two cases in the IFVPTC group were positive for BRAFV600E mutation. The majority of NIFTP cases were diagnosed as benign lesions (8/18). In contrast, the majority of IFVPTC cases were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy on cytology (7/18). The mean nodule size in ultrasound in the NIFTP group (41.81 ± 20.43 mm) was larger than the IFVPTC group (36.72 ± 20.73 mm) (p =0.47). Most cases in the IFVPTC group had significantly multiple nodules (72.2%), while most cases in the NIFTP group (81.3%) had solitary nodules. Nodule composition in both groups was solid and complex; however, no cystic nodules were detected in ultrasound examinations. Furthermore, no calcification or lymphadenopathy was seen in the majority of cases in ultrasound. In the IFVPTC group, 47.1% and 35.3% of nodules were hyperechoic and hypoechoic, respectively, while 23.1%, 38.5%, and 23.1% of nodules in the NIFTP group were heterogenic, hyperechoic, and hypoechoic, respectively. Conclusion: According to our findings, only 11.1% of IFVPTC cases were BRAFV600E-positive, while none of the patients in the NIFTP group showed this mutation. However, IFVPTC was predominantly associated with a preceding diagnosis of PTC on FNA, and NIFTP was associated with the preceding diagnosis of benign lesions and follicular neoplasm. Sonographic findings failed to distinguish NIFTP from IFVPTC.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/157339471904230718104505
Yangchao Chen
{"title":"Meet the Editor in Chief","authors":"Yangchao Chen","doi":"10.2174/157339471904230718104505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157339471904230718104505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/157339471904230718145521
{"title":"Acknowledgements to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.2174/157339471904230718145521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157339471904230718145521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"88 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: In recent years, the use of natural compounds derived from plants for the treatment of skin cancer has gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects and minimal side effects. This review focuses on the innovative approach of utilizing biocomponents sourced from plants in combination with backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) for the screening and analysis of skin cancer treatments. The integration of plant-derived compounds and AI-driven algorithms holds promise for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of skin cancer therapies. The review begins by highlighting the escalating global burden of skin cancer and the limitations of conventional treatment approaches. With the rise in concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, researchers have turned their attention towards exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-derived biocomponents. These natural compounds are known for their rich bioactive constituents that exhibit anti-cancer properties, making them suitable candidates for skin cancer treatment. One of the key challenges in harnessing the potential of plant-derived compounds is the need for accurate screening and analysis of their effects. This is where backpropagation neural networks, a type of artificial neural network, comes into play. These networks can process complex data and recognize intricate patterns, enabling them to predict the efficacy of various biocomponents in combating skin cancer. The review delves into the functioning of BPNN and its applications in drug discovery and treatment evaluation. Furthermore, the review explores several case studies that demonstrate the successful integration of plant-derived compounds with BPNN in the context of skin cancer treatment. These studies provide evidence of how this synergistic approach can lead to improved treatment outcomes by minimizing adverse effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits. The methodology section discusses the steps involved in training the neural network using relevant datasets and optimizing its performance for accurate predictions. While the integration of plant-derived compounds and BPNN shows great promise, the review also addresses the existing challenges and limitations. These include the need for comprehensive and standardized datasets, potential biases in training data, and the complexity of neural network architectures. The regulatory considerations surrounding plant-based therapies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and validation.
{"title":"Screening and Analysis of Skin Cancer Treatment Using Biocomponents of Plants Using Backpropagation Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Urvashi Soni, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Kuldeep Singh, Girdhar Khandelwal","doi":"10.2174/0115733947263006231020185402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947263006231020185402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In recent years, the use of natural compounds derived from plants for the treatment of skin cancer has gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects and minimal side effects. This review focuses on the innovative approach of utilizing biocomponents sourced from plants in combination with backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) for the screening and analysis of skin cancer treatments. The integration of plant-derived compounds and AI-driven algorithms holds promise for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of skin cancer therapies. The review begins by highlighting the escalating global burden of skin cancer and the limitations of conventional treatment approaches. With the rise in concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, researchers have turned their attention towards exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-derived biocomponents. These natural compounds are known for their rich bioactive constituents that exhibit anti-cancer properties, making them suitable candidates for skin cancer treatment. One of the key challenges in harnessing the potential of plant-derived compounds is the need for accurate screening and analysis of their effects. This is where backpropagation neural networks, a type of artificial neural network, comes into play. These networks can process complex data and recognize intricate patterns, enabling them to predict the efficacy of various biocomponents in combating skin cancer. The review delves into the functioning of BPNN and its applications in drug discovery and treatment evaluation. Furthermore, the review explores several case studies that demonstrate the successful integration of plant-derived compounds with BPNN in the context of skin cancer treatment. These studies provide evidence of how this synergistic approach can lead to improved treatment outcomes by minimizing adverse effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits. The methodology section discusses the steps involved in training the neural network using relevant datasets and optimizing its performance for accurate predictions. While the integration of plant-derived compounds and BPNN shows great promise, the review also addresses the existing challenges and limitations. These include the need for comprehensive and standardized datasets, potential biases in training data, and the complexity of neural network architectures. The regulatory considerations surrounding plant-based therapies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and validation.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"225 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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