Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230817094831
Manish Kumar, S. Kaur, S. Kaur
Carcinogenesis is a process in which uncontrolled cell proliferation forms preneoplastic nodules which precede the appearance of cancer. In normal cells, growth and proliferation are regulated by certain growth and hormonal stimulation, while mutational alterations in these signals render the cells independent and resistant to these signals. In cancer, the critical homeostatic balance between cell growth and apoptosis is lost and the cells continue to survive beyond their normal life span. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and caspases are involved in potential proapoptotic signaling pathways. JNK, p38 MAPK pathway and caspases play a crucial role in the control of apoptosis in response to stress. The most recent and up-to-date literature was evaluated in this study, which describes the role of JNK, p38 MAPK pathway and caspases as therapeutic target in cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs that are cytotoxic to highly proliferating tumor cells but also kills the non-tumor rapidly proliferating cells in the hair, skin and gastrointestinal tract epithelium, thereby accounting the side effects of these types of treatments. Recently, chemopreventive modalities derived from phytoconstituents present in plants provide a broad-spectrum strategy to overcome the incidence of cancer. Non-toxic, safe and affordable bioavailabilities of chemopreventive agents provide credence support in the field of cancer research compared to conventional therapies that cause serious consequences. Chemoprevention envisages the basic mechanisms like modulating the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, induction of apoptosis, immune system activation, suppressing angiogenesis and the formation of metastasis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review highlighted the role of phytoconstituents derived from food, vegetables and medicinal plants in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, which in turn is mediated by the activation of JNK, p38 MAPK pathways, and caspases.
癌变是在肿瘤出现之前不受控制的细胞增殖形成瘤前结节的过程。在正常细胞中，生长和增殖受某些生长和激素刺激的调节，而这些信号的突变改变使细胞独立并抵抗这些信号。在癌症中，细胞生长和凋亡之间的关键稳态平衡失去，细胞继续存活超过其正常寿命。c-Jun n -末端激酶(JNK)、p38和caspases的激活参与了潜在的促凋亡信号通路。JNK、p38 MAPK通路和caspase在应激反应中调控细胞凋亡中起重要作用。本研究评估了最新和最新的文献，这些文献描述了JNK, p38 MAPK途径和caspases作为癌症治疗靶点的作用。化疗使用的药物对高度增殖的肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性，但也会杀死头发、皮肤和胃肠道上皮中非肿瘤快速增殖的细胞，从而解释了这类治疗的副作用。最近，来自植物成分的化学预防方式为克服癌症的发病率提供了一种广谱策略。与导致严重后果的传统疗法相比，化学预防剂的无毒、安全和负担得起的生物利用度为癌症研究领域提供了可信的支持。化学预防设想了一些基本机制，如调节外源代谢酶的活性、诱导细胞凋亡、免疫系统激活、抑制血管生成和转移的形成、抗氧化和抗炎特性。本综述强调了来自食物、蔬菜和药用植物的植物成分在诱导癌细胞凋亡中的作用，这反过来又通过激活JNK、p38 MAPK通路和半胱天冬酶介导。
{"title":"c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and Caspases: Promising Therapeutic Targets for the Regulation of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Phytochemicals","authors":"Manish Kumar, S. Kaur, S. Kaur","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230817094831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230817094831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Carcinogenesis is a process in which uncontrolled cell proliferation forms preneoplastic nodules which precede the appearance of cancer. In normal cells, growth and proliferation are regulated by certain growth and hormonal stimulation, while mutational alterations in these signals render the cells independent and resistant to these signals. In cancer, the critical homeostatic balance between cell growth and apoptosis is lost and the cells continue to survive beyond their normal life span. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and caspases are involved in potential proapoptotic signaling pathways. JNK, p38 MAPK pathway and caspases play a crucial role in the control of apoptosis in response to stress.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most recent and up-to-date literature was evaluated in this study, which describes the role of JNK, p38 MAPK pathway and caspases as therapeutic target in cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs that are cytotoxic to highly proliferating tumor cells but also kills the non-tumor rapidly proliferating cells in the hair, skin and gastrointestinal tract epithelium, thereby accounting the side effects of these types of treatments. Recently, chemopreventive modalities derived from phytoconstituents present in plants provide a broad-spectrum strategy to overcome the incidence of cancer. Non-toxic, safe and affordable bioavailabilities of chemopreventive agents provide credence support in the field of cancer research compared to conventional therapies that cause serious consequences. Chemoprevention envisages the basic mechanisms like modulating the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, induction of apoptosis, immune system activation, suppressing angiogenesis and the formation of metastasis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present review highlighted the role of phytoconstituents derived from food, vegetables and medicinal plants in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, which in turn is mediated by the activation of JNK, p38 MAPK pathways, and caspases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230816091316
Shruti Jain, Falguni Bhardwaj
The occurrence of brain tumors is rapidly increasing, mostly in the younger generation. Tumors can directly destroy all healthy brain cells and spread rapidly to other parts. However, tumor detection and removal still pose a challenge in the field of biomedicine. Early detection and treatment of brain tumors are vital as otherwise can prove to be fatal. This paper presents the Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) system design for two classifications of brain tumors employing the transfer learning technique. The model is validated using machine learning techniques and other datasets. Different pre-processing and segmentation techniques were applied to the online dataset. A two-class classification CAD system was designed using pre-trained models namely VGG16, VGG19, Resnet 50, and Inception V3. Later GLDS, GLCM, and hybrid features were extracted which were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) techniques. The overall classification accuracy using Inception V3 is observed as 83%. 85% accuracy was obtained using hybrid GLCM and GLDS features using the SVM algorithm. The model has been validated on the BraTs dataset which results in 84.5% and 82% accuracy using GLCM + GLDS + SVM and Inception V3 technique respectively. 2.9% accuracy improvement was attained while considering GLCM + GLDS + SVM over kNN and PNN. 0.5% and 1.2% accuracy improvement were attained for CAD system design based on GLCM + GLDS + SVM and Inception v3 model respectively.
{"title":"CAD system design for Two-Class Brain Tumor classification using Transfer Learning","authors":"Shruti Jain, Falguni Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230816091316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230816091316","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The occurrence of brain tumors is rapidly increasing, mostly in the younger generation. Tumors can directly destroy all healthy brain cells and spread rapidly to other parts. However, tumor detection and removal still pose a challenge in the field of biomedicine. Early detection and treatment of brain tumors are vital as otherwise can prove to be fatal.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper presents the Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) system design for two classifications of brain tumors employing the transfer learning technique. The model is validated using machine learning techniques and other datasets.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Different pre-processing and segmentation techniques were applied to the online dataset. A two-class classification CAD system was designed using pre-trained models namely VGG16, VGG19, Resnet 50, and Inception V3. Later GLDS, GLCM, and hybrid features were extracted which were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) techniques.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The overall classification accuracy using Inception V3 is observed as 83%. 85% accuracy was obtained using hybrid GLCM and GLDS features using the SVM algorithm. The model has been validated on the BraTs dataset which results in 84.5% and 82% accuracy using GLCM + GLDS + SVM and Inception V3 technique respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00002.9% accuracy improvement was attained while considering GLCM + GLDS + SVM over kNN and PNN. 0.5% and 1.2% accuracy improvement were attained for CAD system design based on GLCM + GLDS + SVM and Inception v3 model respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230807161948
Atar Singh Kushwah, K. Srivastava, Rajnikant Mishra, M. Banerjee
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its persistence are responsible for the development of cervical cancer (CaCx). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the only treatment option, especially in advanced stages. However, it is not influenced by the status of HPV infection. CRT controls cancer growth along with mild to severe adverse effects. The aim of this study was to assess the HPV-associated risk factors and correlate them with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in cervical cancer. The study was undertaken in 103 histologically positive CaCx patients. Anthrodemographic and obstetric characterizations were conducted by face-to-face interviews, and HPV testing was done by conventional PCR. All the patients received a 40-50Gy total effective dose using tele‑ and brachytherapy. The treatment response, survivorship and statistical analysis were made using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS (ver.25.0). Out of 103 patients, 84% were HPV infected, and 16% CaCx were HPV-negative. Advanced age, lower-middle socioeconomic status (SES), illiteracy, and patients from rural backgrounds were significantly higher in CaCx patients with HPV infection. Multiparity, irregular menstrual cycle, poor menstrual hygiene, and use of contraception were significantly associated with HPV positivity. Patients with HPV infection showed a better clinical response (P =0.031), alive vital status (P =0.007), and 59 months of median survival (P <0.001) with a poor hazard ratio (HR 0.29 at 95% CI). HPV-infected CaCx patients showed better response to definitive chemoradiation therapy compared to HPV-negative with a poor hazard ratio. Therefore, HPV testing can potentially stratify CaCx patients for more effective therapeutic regimens, treatment assessments and follow-ups.
人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及其持续存在是宫颈癌(CaCx)发展的原因。放化疗是唯一的治疗选择，特别是在晚期。然而，它不受HPV感染状况的影响。crt控制癌症的生长，并伴有轻微到严重的不良反应。本研究的目的是评估hpv相关的危险因素，并将其与宫颈癌放化疗(CRT)反应联系起来。该研究在103例组织学阳性的CaCx患者中进行。通过面对面访谈进行人口统计学和产科特征描述，并通过常规PCR进行hpv检测。所有患者均接受40-50Gy的总有效剂量，采用远程和近距离治疗。采用GraphPad Prism 9和SPSS (ver.25.0)软件进行治疗疗效、生存率及统计学分析。在103例患者中，84%是HPV感染，16%的CaCx是HPV阴性。老年、中下社会经济地位(SES)、文盲和农村背景的患者在感染HPV的CaCx患者中明显更高。多胎、月经周期不规律、月经卫生不良和使用避孕措施与HPV阳性显著相关。HPV感染患者表现出更好的临床反应(P= 0.031)，存活生命状态(P=0.007)，中位生存期为59个月(P <0.001)，风险比较低(95% CI HR 0.29)。与hpv阴性患者相比，hpv感染的CaCx患者对明确的放化疗反应更好，风险比较低。因此，HPV检测可以潜在地对CaCx患者进行分层，以获得更有效的治疗方案、治疗评估和随访。
{"title":"Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection on the Treatment Outcome\u0000of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Cervical Cancer","authors":"Atar Singh Kushwah, K. Srivastava, Rajnikant Mishra, M. Banerjee","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230807161948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230807161948","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its persistence are responsible\u0000for the development of cervical cancer (CaCx). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the only treatment option, especially in advanced stages. However, it is not influenced by the status of HPV infection. CRT\u0000controls cancer growth along with mild to severe adverse effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study was to assess the HPV-associated risk factors and correlate them\u0000with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in cervical cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was undertaken in 103 histologically positive CaCx patients. Anthrodemographic and obstetric characterizations were conducted by face-to-face interviews, and HPV\u0000testing was done by conventional PCR. All the patients received a 40-50Gy total effective dose using\u0000tele‑ and brachytherapy. The treatment response, survivorship and statistical analysis were made using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS (ver.25.0).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Out of 103 patients, 84% were HPV infected, and 16% CaCx were HPV-negative. Advanced age, lower-middle socioeconomic status (SES), illiteracy, and patients from rural backgrounds\u0000were significantly higher in CaCx patients with HPV infection. Multiparity, irregular menstrual cycle,\u0000poor menstrual hygiene, and use of contraception were significantly associated with HPV positivity.\u0000Patients with HPV infection showed a better clinical response (P =0.031), alive vital status (P\u0000=0.007), and 59 months of median survival (P <0.001) with a poor hazard ratio (HR 0.29 at 95% CI).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000HPV-infected CaCx patients showed better response to definitive chemoradiation therapy compared to HPV-negative with a poor hazard ratio. Therefore, HPV testing can potentially stratify CaCx patients for more effective therapeutic regimens, treatment assessments and follow-ups.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230720164009
M. Farzaneh, S. Khoshnam, Arya Moftakhar, Sajad Najafi, Omid Anbiyaee
Gliomas are a group of brain cancers with various clinical and biological features, and they are mostly malignant. Progressions in therapy approaches, comprising radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have not been so considerable in the prognosis of glioma cases. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found with putative regulatory roles in gene expression, epigenetic regulation, neurogenesis, cell cycle, and cellular transportation. The lncRNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is frequently reported to be associated with multiple disorders, such as various types of cancers. Upregulation of MALAT1 is detected in different tumours, including glioma, and functional analyses reveal it affects malignant features of cancer cells like proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. MALAT1 impacts those features by modulating various epigenetic histones, hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors. Therefore, this lncRNA can be regarded as a potent therapeutic target for glioma. In this review, we summarized the functional roles of MALAT1 in glioma.
{"title":"Functional roles of the lncRNA MALAT1 in glioma","authors":"M. Farzaneh, S. Khoshnam, Arya Moftakhar, Sajad Najafi, Omid Anbiyaee","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230720164009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230720164009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Gliomas are a group of brain cancers with various clinical and biological features, and they are mostly malignant. Progressions in therapy approaches, comprising radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have not been so considerable in the prognosis of glioma cases. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found with putative regulatory roles in gene expression, epigenetic regulation, neurogenesis, cell cycle, and cellular transportation. The lncRNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is frequently reported to be associated with multiple disorders, such as various types of cancers. Upregulation of MALAT1 is detected in different tumours, including glioma, and functional analyses reveal it affects malignant features of cancer cells like proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. MALAT1 impacts those features by modulating various epigenetic histones, hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors. Therefore, this lncRNA can be regarded as a potent therapeutic target for glioma. In this review, we summarized the functional roles of MALAT1 in glioma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230717103228
R. Malviya, Priyanshi Goyal
An emerging safe and efficient targeted method of treating many different types of cancer is radiopharmaceutical treatment (RPT). RPT uses medications that either bind more selectively to cancer cells or accumulate through physiological processes to deliver radiation either systemically or locally. Nearly all radionuclides employed in RPT generate imageable photons, allowing for non-invasive visualization of the therapeutic agent's biodistribution. RPT has demonstrated efficacy with little toxicity when compared to practically all other systemic cancer treatment approaches. The tremendous potential of this treatment is finally being acknowledged as a result of the FDA's recent approval of many RPT medicines. The fundamental characteristics, clinical advancement, and related difficulties of RPT are covered in this review.
{"title":"Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals in the Treatment of Cancer: Recent Developments","authors":"R. Malviya, Priyanshi Goyal","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230717103228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230717103228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000An emerging safe and efficient targeted method of treating many different types of cancer is radiopharmaceutical treatment (RPT). RPT uses medications that either bind more selectively to cancer cells or accumulate through physiological processes to deliver radiation either systemically or locally. Nearly all radionuclides employed in RPT generate imageable photons, allowing for non-invasive visualization of the therapeutic agent's biodistribution. RPT has demonstrated efficacy with little toxicity when compared to practically all other systemic cancer treatment approaches. The tremendous potential of this treatment is finally being acknowledged as a result of the FDA's recent approval of many RPT medicines. The fundamental characteristics, clinical advancement, and related difficulties of RPT are covered in this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230717160843
Shuqing Gao, Hongyu Qin, Fan Zhang
The ketogenic diet (KD) has made a breakthrough in the treatment of glioma and has become a research hotspot because of its unique dietary structure, particularly as an auxiliary strategy for anti-tumor. This article reviews the application and mechanism of KD combined with other anti-tumor methods, such as chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, molecularly targeted drugs, anti-angiogenic drugs, glucose-targeted drugs, hyperbaric oxygen, ketone bodies, and intestinal flora, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of KD.
{"title":"Ketogenic diet therapy for glioma: combined effects","authors":"Shuqing Gao, Hongyu Qin, Fan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230717160843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230717160843","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The ketogenic diet (KD) has made a breakthrough in the treatment of glioma and has become a research hotspot because of its unique dietary structure, particularly as an auxiliary strategy for anti-tumor. This article reviews the application and mechanism of KD combined with other anti-tumor methods, such as chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, molecularly targeted drugs, anti-angiogenic drugs, glucose-targeted drugs, hyperbaric oxygen, ketone bodies, and intestinal flora, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of KD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230707145133
R. Malviya, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Sonali Sundram, H. Arya, Vandana
Recent advances in brachytherapy (BT) and chemotherapy, as well as consensus statements from several different organizations, were examined in this study as they pertain to the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Since patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy before, during, and after radiation therapy (RT) experienced significant toxicities, it was decided that no additional conventional therapeutic options should be pursued. The use of PET-CT and MRI in the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes and bone marrow metastases improved pelvic RT planning. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that by administering an integrated boost for metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in IMRT followed by MRI-guided adaptive beam therapy, patients with LACC may benefit from modern radiation therapy methods that treat bladder and rectum tissues while shortening treatment times.
{"title":"Treatment Strategies for Cervical Cancer in Older Women: Challenges and Advancements","authors":"R. Malviya, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Sonali Sundram, H. Arya, Vandana","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230707145133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230707145133","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recent advances in brachytherapy (BT) and chemotherapy, as well as consensus statements from several different organizations, were examined in this study as they pertain to the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Since patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy before, during, and after radiation therapy (RT) experienced significant toxicities, it was decided that no additional conventional therapeutic options should be pursued. The use of PET-CT and MRI in the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes and bone marrow metastases improved pelvic RT planning. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that by administering an integrated boost for metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in IMRT followed by MRI-guided adaptive beam therapy, patients with LACC may benefit from modern radiation therapy methods that treat bladder and rectum tissues while shortening treatment times.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43118901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230626153347
Roohi Kesharwani, D. Patel, P. Verma, Vikas Kumar
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. In the beginning period, healing medicines, for example, careful resection, liver transplant and neighborhood removal, can improve the patient’s endurance. Be that as it may, the infection is identified in the cutting-edge stage; also, some accessible treatments are confined to palliative consideration and nearby treatment. Assessed the dietary benefit of some normal cell reinforcement specialists that help the capacity of the body coming about an improvement of the well-being and insurance from various ailments; our audit will give an updated status of the various parts of HCC the board through covering the viability and the advantageous impacts of various regular operators and their system of activity against HCC for the future treatment modalities. In this chapter, we talk about the ongoing advances identified with the reason (featuring the principle hazard factors), treatment, and result in hepatocellular carcinoma.
{"title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Hepatic Cellular Carcinoma: A Protective Role of Nano-Antioxidant","authors":"Roohi Kesharwani, D. Patel, P. Verma, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230626153347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230626153347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. In the beginning period, healing medicines, for example, careful resection, liver transplant and neighborhood removal, can improve the patient’s endurance. Be that as it may, the infection is identified in the cutting-edge stage; also, some accessible treatments are confined to palliative consideration and nearby treatment. Assessed the dietary benefit of some normal cell reinforcement specialists that help the capacity of the body coming about an improvement of the well-being and insurance from various ailments; our audit will give an updated status of the various parts of HCC the board through covering the viability and the advantageous impacts of various regular operators and their system of activity against HCC for the future treatment modalities. In this chapter, we talk about the ongoing advances identified with the reason (featuring the principle hazard factors), treatment, and result in hepatocellular carcinoma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43649771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230531122610
A. Bryzgalov
Electrical conductivity plays a pivotal role in the life of organisms. Processes, such as neural information transfer, which allows a living organism to receive information and respond to it within the shortest time possible, are the basis of electrical conductivity. However, electrical conductivity is not only responsible for transmitting information. It provides living organisms the capability to encode this information, execute control processes and launch a complex system of reflex-related, behavioral and mental processes. Electrical conductivity is responsible for the control over all the functional systems of our body. An in-depth study of the electrical activity of the body will allow us to make an important conclusion on the presence of a functional control system in malignant tumors. A deep understanding of the basics of electrical stimulation and signal conduction will give us insights into the sphere of control and synchronization system within our central processor (brain) and other functional systems that we need for the proper functioning of human body; these systems are also capable of altering the natural physiological functioning of the body.
{"title":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Stimulation of Living Organisms and the Theory of a Cancer Formation Center","authors":"A. Bryzgalov","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230531122610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230531122610","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Electrical conductivity plays a pivotal role in the life of organisms. Processes, such as neural information transfer, which allows a living organism to receive information and respond to it within the shortest time possible, are the basis of electrical conductivity. However, electrical conductivity is not only responsible for transmitting information. It provides living organisms the capability to encode this information, execute control processes and launch a complex system of reflex-related, behavioral and mental processes. Electrical conductivity is responsible for the control over all the functional systems of our body. An in-depth study of the electrical activity of the body will allow us to make an important conclusion on the presence of a functional control system in malignant tumors. A deep understanding of the basics of electrical stimulation and signal conduction will give us insights into the sphere of control and synchronization system within our central processor (brain) and other functional systems that we need for the proper functioning of human body; these systems are also capable of altering the natural physiological functioning of the body.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230519095551
Rakhi Mishra, P. Tiwari, R. Mazumder, A. Mazumder, Ayushi Singh
The purpose of this study was to extract, isolate, and evaluate in vitro the antioxidant and anticancer properties of rutin from Citrus reticulata and Citrus limon. Bioflavonoids are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that give plants their distinctive organoleptic properties. Rutin, also known as rutoside, is a citrus flavonoid that is found in a variety of plants, including citrus fruits, and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. This investigation's goal was to extract, isolate, and test the antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of rutin in vitro. By incorporating the appropriate solvent system, the Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract C. reticulata (R2) and C. limon (R3) from dried peel powder. Column chromatography was used in the isolation process. Various solvent systems on the basis of their polarity were used to isolate rutin, which further was evaluated for anti-oxidant and anti-cancer action by the use of in vitro tests. Successful extraction and isolation of rutin from two sources were achieved. Additionally, their antioxidant and anticancer activity was also evaluated by in vitro methods. Both isolated rutins (R2 and R3) possessed optimal antioxidants in the range of 31.64 to 76.28 g/ml and anticancer activity with IC50 values of 4 to 7 g/ml, when compared to standard doxorubicin with an IC50 value of 3g/ml. In the comparison of rutin isolated from C. reticulata with rutin isolated from C. limon, rutin isolated from C. reticulata was found to be more abundant and more potent in terms of yield and activity. The study's findings are clear; Citrus reticulata species have a higher flavonoid and phenolic content, and the rutin extracted from them is an effective anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agent against lung cancer. The study can be used as a model for future studies on rutin’s role in cancer.
{"title":"A study on Anti-oxidant and Anti-Cancer Perspectives of Rutin","authors":"Rakhi Mishra, P. Tiwari, R. Mazumder, A. Mazumder, Ayushi Singh","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230519095551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230519095551","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study was to extract, isolate, and evaluate in vitro the antioxidant and anticancer properties of rutin from Citrus reticulata and Citrus limon.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Bioflavonoids are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that give plants their distinctive organoleptic properties. Rutin, also known as rutoside, is a citrus flavonoid that is found in a variety of plants, including citrus fruits, and has a wide range of pharmacological effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This investigation's goal was to extract, isolate, and test the antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of rutin in vitro.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By incorporating the appropriate solvent system, the Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract C. reticulata (R2) and C. limon (R3) from dried peel powder. Column chromatography was used in the isolation process. Various solvent systems on the basis of their polarity were used to isolate rutin, which further was evaluated for anti-oxidant and anti-cancer action by the use of in vitro tests.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Successful extraction and isolation of rutin from two sources were achieved. Additionally, their antioxidant and anticancer activity was also evaluated by in vitro methods. Both isolated rutins (R2 and R3) possessed optimal antioxidants in the range of 31.64 to 76.28 g/ml and anticancer activity with IC50 values of 4 to 7 g/ml, when compared to standard doxorubicin with an IC50 value of 3g/ml. In the comparison of rutin isolated from C. reticulata with rutin isolated from C. limon, rutin isolated from C. reticulata was found to be more abundant and more potent in terms of yield and activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study's findings are clear; Citrus reticulata species have a higher flavonoid and phenolic content, and the rutin extracted from them is an effective anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agent against lung cancer. The study can be used as a model for future studies on rutin’s role in cancer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44390866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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