Current Cancer Therapy Reviews最新文献

英文中文

Involvement of MiRNA-337 in Various Cancers MiRNA-337参与多种癌症

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230518112114

M. Alivand, Mahsa Fakeri, Seyed Masoud Armandzadeh, Shabnam Koulaeizadeh, Elmira Aboutalebi Vand Beilankouhi, Mohammad Valilo

microRNAs (miRNA) play a significant role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in multicellular organisms, such as mammals. These small non-coding RNAs (snRNA) can be present in plants and even viruses, and make up about 60% of human genes. Many different functions and roles are played by miRNAs, including their role in many diseases and cancers. The results of various studies in recent years on the role of miRNA-337 in cancers have shown that miR-337 acts as a cancer inhibitor and can play a key role in the treatment of various cancers by inhibiting cell invasion. Thus, among the various miRNAs, in this review, we aim to shed light on the function of miR-337 in different types of cancer.

在哺乳动物等多细胞生物中，microRNAs (miRNA)在转录后水平调控基因表达方面发挥着重要作用。这些小的非编码rna (snRNA)可以存在于植物甚至病毒中，约占人类基因的60%。mirna发挥着许多不同的功能和作用，包括它们在许多疾病和癌症中的作用。近年来关于miRNA-337在癌症中的作用的各种研究结果表明，miR-337作为一种癌症抑制剂，通过抑制细胞侵袭在各种癌症的治疗中发挥关键作用。因此，在各种mirna中，我们旨在阐明miR-337在不同类型癌症中的功能。

引用次数: 0

Promoting oncolytic vector replication with switches that detect ubiquitous mutations 利用检测无处不在突变的开关促进溶瘤载体复制

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230502110244

Michael A. Renteln

Most existing cancer therapies negatively affect normal tissue as well as cancerous tissue.A potentially effective strategy for treating cancer that precludes off-target damage and could be anoption for most patients would involve targeting one or more mutations that are ubiquitous in thegiven patient’s tumor(s). To effect this strategy, one would employ multi-region sequencing of a patient’s primary tumor and metastases to seek out mutations that are shared between all or at leastmost regions. Once the target or targets are known, one would ideally rapidly generate a molecularswitch for at least one of said ubiquitous mutations that can distinguish the mutated DNA, RNA, orprotein from the wild-type version and subsequently trigger a therapeutic response. I propose thatthe therapeutic response involve the replication of an oncolytic virus or intracellular bacterium, asany mutation can theoretically be detected by a vector that enters the cell - and automatic propagation could be very helpful. Moreover, the mutation “signal” can be easily enhanced through transcriptional and translational (if the target is an intracellular protein) enhancement. Importantly, RNAmay make the best target for the molecular switches in terms of amplification of the signal and easeof targeting.

大多数现有的癌症疗法对正常组织和癌组织都有负面影响。治疗癌症的一种潜在有效的策略是靶向一种或多种在给定患者肿瘤中普遍存在的突变，这种策略可以排除脱靶损伤，对大多数患者来说可能是一种选择。为了实现这一策略，我们将对患者的原发肿瘤和转移瘤进行多区域测序，以找出所有或至少大多数区域之间共享的突变。一旦已知一个或多个靶标，理想情况下，人们将快速产生至少一种所述普遍存在的突变的分子开关，该分子开关可以将突变的DNA、RNA或蛋白质与野生型版本区分开来，并随后触发治疗反应。我认为治疗反应涉及溶瘤病毒或细胞内细菌的复制，理论上任何突变都可以通过进入细胞的载体检测到，自动繁殖可能非常有帮助。此外，突变“信号”可以很容易地通过转录和翻译（如果目标是细胞内蛋白）增强来增强。重要的是，就信号的放大和靶向的容易性而言，RNA可能是分子开关的最佳靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Inhibition of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway using Small Molecule Inhibitors: Targeting Colon Cancer Stem Cells 利用小分子抑制剂抑制Sonic Hedgehog通路:靶向结肠癌干细胞

Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/1573394718666220822175032

Aadilah Omar, Paul Ruff, Clement Penny

Background: The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key regulator of many important processes in vertebrate embryonic development, including stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, tissue polarity and cell proliferation. During pathway activation, Ptch no longer inhibits Smo and the full length Gli translocates to the nucleus resulting in the transcription of oncogenes. When constitutively activated, this leads to tumorigenesis in several human cancers. Cyclopamine acts as an antagonist of the HH signalling pathway by directly binding to the Smo heptahelical domain. The involvement of this pathway in metastasis, and its presence in cancer stem cells (CSCs), makes it a valid option for developing a targeted therapeutic against it.

Methods: CSC were isolated from DLD1 and HT29 cell lines using magnetic cell separation labelling the CD133 receptor. The growth patterns of isolated CSCs (CD133 positive) in comparison to non-stem cells (CD133 negative) were analysed using real-time cell impedance assays (RTCA). Thereafter, adhesion, invasion and migration assays were performed with the application of small molecule inhibitors. The expression levels of CD133 and SHH were evaluated using confocal microscopy following treatment with cyclopamine.

Results and Discussion: Growth of CSCs appeared to be slower than non-CSCs. Adhesion, invasion and cell migration were inhibited when CSCs were pharmacologically treated either with cyclopamine or SANT-2 (a synthetic analogue of cyclopamine), small molecule inhibitors of the HH pathway. Using confocal microscopy the cell surface expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) was significantly decreased following treatment with cyclopamine, while the expression of CD133 remained unaffected.

Conclusion: Considering these in vitro results, small molecule inhibitors targeting the SHH pathway appear to be promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of metastatic colon CSCs.

背景:Hedgehog (HH)通路是脊椎动物胚胎发育中许多重要过程的关键调控因子，包括干细胞维持、细胞分化、组织极性和细胞增殖。在通路激活过程中，Ptch不再抑制Smo，全长Gli易位到细胞核，导致癌基因转录。当本构激活时，它会导致几种人类癌症的肿瘤发生。环巴胺通过直接结合Smo七螺旋结构域作为HH信号通路的拮抗剂。这种途径在转移中的参与，以及它在癌症干细胞(CSCs)中的存在，使其成为开发针对它的靶向治疗的有效选择。& lt; p>方法:采用磁性细胞分离技术对CD133受体进行标记，从DLD1和HT29细胞系中分离CSC。使用实时细胞阻抗法(RTCA)分析分离的CSCs (CD133阳性)与非干细胞(CD133阴性)的生长模式。然后，应用小分子抑制剂进行粘附、侵袭和迁移实验。在环巴胺治疗后，用共聚焦显微镜评估CD133和SHH的表达水平。& lt; p>结果和讨论:CSCs的生长似乎比非CSCs慢。当用环巴胺或环巴胺的合成类似物sant2 (HH通路的小分子抑制剂)对CSCs进行药理学处理时，粘附、侵袭和细胞迁移均受到抑制。在共聚焦显微镜下，环巴胺处理后，细胞表面Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)的表达显著降低，而CD133的表达未受影响。& lt; p>结论:考虑到这些体外实验结果，靶向SHH通路的小分子抑制剂似乎是治疗转移性结肠CSCs的有希望的治疗工具。

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引用次数: 0

Meet the Regional Editor 见见地区编辑

Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/157339471902230210124705

Daniele Santini

引用次数: 0

Echinococcus granulosus as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Triplenegative Breast Cancer 细粒棘球蚴作为治疗三阴性乳腺癌的一种有前景的药物

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230427094247

H. Borji, Soheil Sadr

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in women, with approximately 1.2 millionnew cases per year. Current treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiation, hormonetherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the non-selective cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents oftenleads to severe side effects, while drug resistance can worsen patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of more effective and less toxic anticancer drugs is a critical need. This study aimed to reviewthe literature on Echinococcus granulosus antigens with anticancer potential against triple-negativebreast cancer. Recent studies have suggested that certain parasite antigens may have potential anticancer effects. Specifically, research has shown that echinococcosis, a disease caused by the parasiticcestode Echinococcus granulosus, may have a protective effect against cancer. These findings offernew insights into the potential use of E. granulosus antigens in the development of novel cancer therapies and tumor cell vaccines. The findings of recent studies suggested that E. granulosus antigens mayhave the potential to be used in effective and less toxic cancer treatments. However, further research isneeded to fully understand the mechanisms behind the anticancer effects of these antigens and developnew cancer therapies and vaccines

癌症是癌症妇女死亡的主要原因，每年约有120万例新病例。目前癌症的治疗方案包括手术、放疗、激素治疗和化疗。然而，化疗药物的非选择性细胞毒性往往会导致严重的副作用，而耐药性会恶化患者的预后。因此，开发更有效、毒性更小的抗癌药物是迫切需要的。本研究旨在回顾颗粒棘球蚴抗原对癌症三阴性具有抗癌潜力的文献。最近的研究表明，某些寄生虫抗原可能具有潜在的抗癌作用。具体来说，研究表明，细粒棘球蚴病是一种由寄生棘球蚴引起的疾病，可能对癌症有保护作用。这些发现为颗粒大肠杆菌抗原在开发新的癌症疗法和肿瘤细胞疫苗中的潜在用途提供了新的见解。最近的研究结果表明，颗粒大肠杆菌抗原可能具有用于有效和毒性较小的癌症治疗的潜力。然而，还需要进一步的研究来充分了解这些抗原抗癌作用的机制，并开发新的癌症疗法和疫苗

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引用次数: 4

CRISPR/Cas9’s Major Role in Revolutionizing the Field of Cancer CRISPR/Cas9在癌症领域革命中的重要作用

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230426152155

Ankit Sharma, Agrata Singh, Khushi Sharma, Uzma Abdulbaseer, Estevan Ruiz Limon Lopez

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) technology iscurrently one of the most promising gene editing techniques. Gene-editing techniques allow variousalterations to the DNA sequence by either addition, deletion, or inversion. The two primary componentsof this technique are the Cas9 endonuclease, which cuts the DNA strands at the specific target positionof the genome, and the guide RNA molecule (gRNA), which guides the Cas9 endonuclease to that target portion. This technology is based on the adaptive immune system in prokaryotes, which preventsthe entry of viruses by integrating short virus sequences in the cell’s CRISPR locus and allowing it toremember, recognize, and clear infections. The use of CRISPR technology in cancer biology is evolving quickly and holds great promise for the development of cancer models, blocking drug resistance,screening functional genes, gene editing, and CAR T cell therapy

聚类规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR/Cas9)技术是目前最有前途的基因编辑技术之一。基因编辑技术允许通过添加、删除或反转对DNA序列进行各种改变。这项技术的两个主要组成部分是Cas9内切酶，它在基因组的特定目标位置切割DNA链，以及引导RNA分子(gRNA)，它引导Cas9内切酶到达目标部分。这项技术基于原核生物的适应性免疫系统，它通过将短病毒序列整合到细胞的CRISPR位点上，并允许其记忆、识别和清除感染，从而阻止病毒的进入。CRISPR技术在癌症生物学中的应用正在迅速发展，在开发癌症模型、阻断耐药性、筛选功能基因、基因编辑和CAR - T细胞治疗方面具有很大的前景

引用次数: 0

ROS Modulate Cell Death Mechanism in Cervical Cancer Cells Treatedwith the Combination of Polyphenolic Compounds and Anticancer DrugCisplatin: A Review 多酚类物质与抗癌药物顺铂联合治疗宫颈癌症细胞ROS调节细胞死亡机制的研究进展

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230426151557

H. Abdullah, Syahirah Sazeli, Norlida Mamat, Hermizi Hapidin, S. Sulong

Most cervical cancer fatalities have been reported due to drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis. Combination therapy is a prominent technique for overcoming the toxicity of cancer chemotherapy to normal cells, which is mediated across numerous targeted pathways and requires alower dose of each individual agent. Polyphenolic substances have the potential to improve chemotherapy efficacy while also reducing negative effects.This study aimed to review the research findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) incervical cancer cell HeLa treated with combination therapy.Hydroxyl radicals damage DNA, causing a cascade of structural changes in purine and pyrimidine bases that could lead to mutagenicity. ROS, such as hydroxyl radical (OH-), superoxide anions (O2-),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and peroxyl radicals (ROO-), are frequent products of aerobic metabolismthat can be beneficial or detrimental to the biological system. To combat the harmful effects of ROS,cells have an antioxidative defense system that comprises superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione,and other defensive mechanisms. Excessive ROS accumulation causes DNA damage, which triggersthe apoptotic machinery, resulting in cell death.Chemotherapeutic medications with phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich extracts exhibit anticancer synergy. Combination treatment with polyphenols and anticancer drugs is one of thepromising approaches in the treatment of cervical cancer.

据报道，大多数癌症死亡是由于耐药性、侵袭和转移。联合治疗是克服癌症化疗对正常细胞毒性的一种突出技术，这种毒性是通过多种靶向途径介导的，并且需要较低剂量的每种药物。多酚类物质有可能提高化疗疗效，同时减少负面影响。本研究旨在回顾活性氧（ROS）在联合治疗癌症细胞HeLa中的作用的研究结果。羟基自由基损伤DNA，导致嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的一系列结构变化，从而导致突变。ROS，如羟基自由基（OH-）、超氧化物阴离子（O2-）、过氧化氢（H2O2）和过氧自由基（ROO-），是有氧代谢的常见产物，可能对生物系统有益或有害。为了对抗ROS的有害影响，细胞具有抗氧化防御系统，包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽和其他防御机制。过量的ROS积累会导致DNA损伤，从而触发细胞凋亡机制，导致细胞死亡。含有酚类化合物或富含多酚提取物的化学治疗药物表现出抗癌协同作用。多酚类物质和抗癌药物联合治疗是治疗宫颈癌症的一种有前景的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Methods of Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Potential of Herbal Silver Nanoparticles: A review 草药纳米银的合成方法、表征及抗癌潜力综述

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230419095939

A. Deep, Devendar Chaudhary, Nitin Bansal, N. Rani

Cancer is a major cause of death for a huge amount of the population. A large populationis suffering from this chronic disease, and various treatments and therapies are developed for the diagnosis of cancer. This review paper focuses on one of the treatments for cancer diagnosis, i.e., herbal silver nanoparticles. Herbal silver nanoparticles are plant-based materials with very less and minimum adverse effects of metals. Metal ions are reduced and stabilized by plant-based reducing andstabilizing agents. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological methods have very less toxic and have minimum side effects on the environment. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is performed by various techniques like SEM, TEM, UV visiblespectroscopy and FTIR. However, full profile characterization of nanoparticles is still a challenge forresearchers. Herbal silver nanoparticles have many therapeutic activities like antioxidant, antibacterial and various others, but this review paper has a focus on anticancer evaluation. Herbal silver nanoparticles are reported for their anticancer activities on a large scale. In this review article, we willdiscuss the methods of synthesis, characterization and anticancer potential of herbal silver nanoparticles.

癌症是大量人口死亡的主要原因。大量人口患有这种慢性病，并开发了各种治疗方法和疗法来诊断癌症。本文综述了癌症诊断的一种治疗方法，即草药银纳米粒子。草药银纳米颗粒是一种植物性材料，金属的不良影响非常小。金属离子通过植物还原和稳定剂进行还原和稳定。纳米颗粒是通过物理、化学和生物方法合成的。生物方法毒性很小，对环境的副作用也很小。通过SEM、TEM、UV可见光谱和FTIR等多种技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。然而，纳米颗粒的全剖面表征仍然是研究人员面临的挑战。草药银纳米颗粒具有抗氧化、抗菌等多种治疗活性，但本文的重点是抗癌评价。据报道，草药银纳米粒子具有大规模的抗癌活性。在这篇综述文章中，我们将讨论草药银纳米颗粒的合成方法、表征和抗癌潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Micro and Nano Robotics-assisted Targeted Drug Delivery, Surgery andRadiotherapy for Cancer Treatment 微纳米机器人辅助靶向药物递送，癌症治疗的手术和放疗

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230410102010

Raj Bhusan Singh, Sudhanshu Mishra, Smriti Ojha, A. Shukla, Hina Chaddha

Cancer refers to the progressive abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade orspread to other parts of the body. Many cancer therapies continue to be based on systemic chemotherapy along with radiation therapy. Numerous nanomedicine strategies have been developed to address the untargeted nature of these therapies and the serious side effects they can cause. As targetedtherapeutic delivery is still difficult, engineered robots and microrobots are getting more and moreattention and applicability. Microrobots can more effectively reach malignancies because of theirunique features and functions, like their motility, which allows them to penetrate malignant tissues.Modern cancer treatment techniques built on information technology can boost patient complianceand improve patient survival. The delicate tissue can be overly damaged by radiation and surgery,and most chemotherapy medications are unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and reach the tumor. Cancer prevention, its early detection, quick diagnosis, and prompt treatment are very crucial.Robotic technology is employed in a variety of medical settings, and its applications in surgery haveevolved that have an impact on the field of cancer treatment as well. A key improvement in cancertherapy with the aid of robotics would be the ability to target and deliver medications directly to thetumor.

癌症是指进行性异常细胞生长，有可能侵入或扩散到身体其他部位。许多癌症疗法继续以全身化疗和放射治疗为基础。已经开发了许多纳米医学策略来解决这些疗法的非靶向性及其可能引起的严重副作用。由于靶向治疗仍然很困难，工程机器人和微型机器人越来越受到关注和应用。微型机器人由于其独特的特征和功能，如运动性，可以穿透恶性组织，因此可以更有效地到达恶性肿瘤。建立在信息技术基础上的现代癌症治疗技术可以提高患者的依从性并提高患者的生存率。脆弱的组织可能会被辐射和手术过度损伤，大多数化疗药物无法穿透血脑屏障到达肿瘤。癌症的预防、早期发现、快速诊断和及时治疗至关重要。机器人技术应用于各种医疗环境，其在外科手术中的应用也在不断发展，对癌症治疗领域产生了影响。在机器人的帮助下，癌症治疗的一个关键改进是能够直接靶向肿瘤并将药物输送给肿瘤。

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引用次数: 0

Role of the pharmacist in the management of polypharmacy and drug interactions in the elderly patient with chemotherapy 药师在老年化疗患者多药及药物相互作用管理中的作用

IF 0.6 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230403110650

Iago Dillion Lima Cavalcanti, Silvania Maria Saldanha de Souza, José Cleberson Santos Soares

An narrative literature review was carried out using the descriptors "Polypharmacy", "Pharmacological interactions", "Geriatrics" and "Antineoplastic agents", in the ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and CAPLUS databases.One hundred and ten articles were identified, of which 82 were included in this review. The articles showed the importance of evaluating drug interactions in the treatment of cancer in oncogeriatric patients due to the high amount of drugs that these patients use, which can exceed 6 drugs per day, and that these interactions can compromise the treatment of the patient, as well as induce serious toxic effects, causing the patient to be hospitalized or even die.The inclusion of the pharmacist in the care of oncogeriatric patients reduces the risk of interaction through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring.

使用ScienceDirect、MEDLINE和CAPLUS数据库中的描述符“多药”、“药理学相互作用”、“老年医学”和“抗肿瘤药物”进行了叙述性文献综述。确定了一百一十篇文章，其中82篇被纳入本综述。文章显示了评估药物相互作用在老年肿瘤患者癌症治疗中的重要性，因为这些患者每天使用的药物量很高，可能超过6种药物，这些相互作用可能会影响患者的治疗，并导致严重的毒副作用，导致患者住院甚至死亡。药剂师参与老年肿瘤患者的护理，通过药物治疗监测降低了相互作用的风险。

引用次数: 0

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