To kill cancer cells, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a light-sensitive medication and light. Light-sensitive drugs are absorbed by cancerous cells. The cells are then illuminated with a specific light or laser by a specialist and oxygen that destroys cancer cells is released. The present study aims to discuss the roles, advancements, and limitations of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. Photosensitizers and photosensitizing agents are used in photodynamic treatment to destroy cancer cells. Lasers or other light sources, such as LEDs, may provide illumination. There are reports of a novel nanoplatform for the treatment of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer, as well as other primary and metastatic cancers, using fluorescent electron microscopy PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) dual-therapy. PDT has a significant benefit over conventional cancer therapies because it may cause fewer adverse effects. PDT-induced immunostimulatory cell death and the production of a robust local inflammatory response might lead to effective local anticancer therapy. PDT has a lower long-term morbidity and recovery time than surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: Quality and Prospective of Therapy based on Photosensitizer","authors":"R. Malviya, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Ankita Moharana, Vedant Kumar Prajapati, Ashish Kumar Nirmal","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230119142053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230119142053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To kill cancer cells, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a light-sensitive medication and light. Light-sensitive drugs are absorbed by cancerous cells. The cells are then illuminated with a specific light or laser by a specialist and oxygen that destroys cancer cells is released. The present study aims to discuss the roles, advancements, and limitations of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. Photosensitizers and photosensitizing agents are used in photodynamic treatment to destroy cancer cells. Lasers or other light sources, such as LEDs, may provide illumination. There are reports of a novel nanoplatform for the treatment of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer, as well as other primary and metastatic cancers, using fluorescent electron microscopy PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) dual-therapy. PDT has a significant benefit over conventional cancer therapies because it may cause fewer adverse effects. PDT-induced immunostimulatory cell death and the production of a robust local inflammatory response might lead to effective local anticancer therapy. PDT has a lower long-term morbidity and recovery time than surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49116501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230117111353
S. Abd-Elsalam, C. Zarad, Waleed Elagawy, B. Hasan, Waleed S. Abo Shanab
The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of multiphasic CT and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using LI-RADS treatment response algorithm (version 2018) and the added values of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the assessment of loco-Regional ablated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). This study included 45 patients with 50 loco-Regional ablated HCC lesions. All patients underwent multiphasic CT scan, diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. The reference standards for assessment were based on serum alpha-fetoprotein level and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Multi-phasic CT had moderate sensitivity (87.5%) and high specificity (100%) for assessment of HCC LI-RADS treatment response algorithm. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) for the assessment of HCC LI-RADS treatment response algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI to diagnose HCC malignant residual or recurrence were 93.7% and 100%, respectively, with very good performance. The mean ADC values of the malignant residual or recurrence were significantly lower than that of benign post-ablation tissue changes areas and the best ADC cutoff value for differentiation between viable and nonviable lesions was 1.1x10 ̄³ mm²/s. Performance of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI is better than that of multiphasic CT in the assessment of LIRADS treatment response algorithm. DWI and ADC maps could be used as ancillary methods for differentiation between viable and non-viable loco-regional ablated HCC lesions and should be included in LR-TR treatment response algorithm.
{"title":"Value of CT and MR Imaging in assessment of Loco-Regional ablated Hepatocellular Carcinoma using LI-RADS Treatment Response algorithm (version 2018)","authors":"S. Abd-Elsalam, C. Zarad, Waleed Elagawy, B. Hasan, Waleed S. Abo Shanab","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230117111353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230117111353","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of multiphasic CT and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using LI-RADS treatment response algorithm (version 2018) and the added values of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the assessment of loco-Regional ablated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study included 45 patients with 50 loco-Regional ablated HCC lesions. All patients underwent multiphasic CT scan, diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. The reference standards for assessment were based on serum alpha-fetoprotein level and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Multi-phasic CT had moderate sensitivity (87.5%) and high specificity (100%) for assessment of HCC LI-RADS treatment response algorithm. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) for the assessment of HCC LI-RADS treatment response algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI to diagnose HCC malignant residual or recurrence were 93.7% and 100%, respectively, with very good performance. The mean ADC values of the malignant residual or recurrence were significantly lower than that of benign post-ablation tissue changes areas and the best ADC cutoff value for differentiation between viable and nonviable lesions was 1.1x10 ̄³ mm²/s.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Performance of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI is better than that of multiphasic CT in the assessment of LIRADS treatment response algorithm. DWI and ADC maps could be used as ancillary methods for differentiation between viable and non-viable loco-regional ablated HCC lesions and should be included in LR-TR treatment response algorithm.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42036293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230102124549
M. Farzaneh, R. Jafari, Ali Tahan, Mohammad Amin Askari, Hasti Roshandel, Seyed Mohammad Ali Gharizadeh
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that act by targeting translational and post-translational modifications, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin remodeling complexes. There has been increasing evidence that the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) via targeting miRNAs and transcription factors plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This lncRNA also has an important role in the progression of tumors and other human diseases by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Accumulating evidence revealed that lncRNA Xist by targeting several signaling pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we focused on the recent functions of lncRNA Xist in breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers.
{"title":"The Role of LncRNA XIST in Gynecologic Cancers","authors":"M. Farzaneh, R. Jafari, Ali Tahan, Mohammad Amin Askari, Hasti Roshandel, Seyed Mohammad Ali Gharizadeh","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230102124549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230102124549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that act by targeting translational and post-translational modifications, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin remodeling complexes. There has been increasing evidence that the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) via targeting miRNAs and transcription factors plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This lncRNA also has an important role in the progression of tumors and other human diseases by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Accumulating evidence revealed that lncRNA Xist by targeting several signaling pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we focused on the recent functions of lncRNA Xist in breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666221230111838
S. K. Rath, S. Mandal, Agnidipta Das, A. Bose, Vagish Dwibedi, Paramita Ganguly, Sipra Sarkar, R. Prakash, B. Dey, S. Mandal
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) holds just about 15% of all breast tumours and subtypes of breast cancer with distinct characteristics of negative expressions for the progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Unfortunately, treatment options for TNBCs are minimal. Most currently available therapies proved inefficient in holding back this aggressive natural treatment of TNBC, in most cases calling for an immediate need for more effective and safer anti-TNBC agents. Based on research reported in recent years, this review presents the report's overview of anti-TNBC compounds and their efficacy, being classified according to the structures. Breast Cancer type 1 and type 2 genes (BRCA1/2) mutations are associated with TNBC. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes involved in numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair. PARP-1 inhibition is involved in the loss of DNA repair via BRCA-dependent mechanisms. PARP-1 inhibitors like Olaparib, Rucaparib, Niraparib, and Talazoparib have proved as promising therapeutic medications as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic therapy or radiotherapy in various types of cancers. This review is focused on presenting the status of therapeutics against TNBC. The critical spotlight of this review is to encapsulate the versatility and notable success of heterocyclic pharmacophores-based molecules in treating TNBC.
{"title":"Hetero Cyclic Compounds in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"S. K. Rath, S. Mandal, Agnidipta Das, A. Bose, Vagish Dwibedi, Paramita Ganguly, Sipra Sarkar, R. Prakash, B. Dey, S. Mandal","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666221230111838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666221230111838","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) holds just about 15% of all breast tumours and subtypes of breast cancer with distinct characteristics of negative expressions for the progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Unfortunately, treatment options for TNBCs are minimal. Most currently available therapies proved inefficient in holding back this aggressive natural treatment of TNBC, in most cases calling for an immediate need for more effective and safer anti-TNBC agents. Based on research reported in recent years, this review presents the report's overview of anti-TNBC compounds and their efficacy, being classified according to the structures. Breast Cancer type 1 and type 2 genes (BRCA1/2) mutations are associated with TNBC. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes involved in numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair. PARP-1 inhibition is involved in the loss of DNA repair via BRCA-dependent mechanisms. PARP-1 inhibitors like Olaparib, Rucaparib, Niraparib, and Talazoparib have proved as promising therapeutic medications as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic therapy or radiotherapy in various types of cancers. This review is focused on presenting the status of therapeutics against TNBC. The critical spotlight of this review is to encapsulate the versatility and notable success of heterocyclic pharmacophores-based molecules in treating TNBC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48818735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666221228110443
Reza Afrisham, Fariba Nabatchian, M. Ashtiani, Amir Teimourpour, Negin Davoudi, Sara Niknam
Breast cancer is overall considered the second most frequently recognized cancer worldwide. Several studies have recently reported the antitumoral properties of some medicinal herbs such as Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), and Rose (Rosa damascena Mill L). Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of these plants on breast cancer prevention in female mice. Mice were classified into five ten‐mice groups: normal control (untreated group), tumor group (treated with 4T1 cells), and treatment groups (treated with 4T1 cells+ Yarrow or Rose and Marjoram plants). Then, the levels of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidants were determined. Finally, the tumor size was evaluated. The hydroalcoholic extract of Yarrow herb significantly decreased the levels of CA-15-3 and CEA (P-value=0.008 and P-value=0.018, respectively). In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts of Yarrow, Rose, and Marjoram plants significantly reduced tumor size in comparison with the tumor group (P-value<0.001 for Yarrow, and P-value=0.004 for Rose and Marjoram plants). Yarrow herb had the significantly highest effect on tumor size in comparison with Rose and Marjoram plants (P-value=0.011 for both plants). However, no significant differences were found among the groups treated with the plants in comparison with the tumor mice in terms of SOD and total antioxidants (P-value>0.05). Our findings revealed that A. millefolium had the greatest antitumor effects on mice with breast cancer in comparison with O. majorana and R. damascena herbs. However, more complementary studies are needed in this regard.
乳腺癌总体上被认为是世界上第二大最常见的癌症。近年来，一些研究报道了蓍草(Achillea millefolium)、马郁兰(Origanum majorana)和玫瑰(Rosa damascena Mill L)等草药的抗肿瘤作用，因此，本研究旨在评估这些植物的水酒精提取物对雌性小鼠乳腺癌的预防作用。将小鼠分为5组:正常对照组(未处理组)、肿瘤组(4T1细胞治疗组)和治疗组(4T1细胞+蓍草或玫瑰和马角兰植物治疗组)。测定肿瘤抗原15-3 (CA 15-3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化剂水平。最后评估肿瘤大小。蓍草水醇提取物显著降低了CA-15-3和CEA水平(p值分别为0.008和0.018)。此外，与肿瘤组相比，蓍草、玫瑰和马郁兰植物水醇提取物显著降低了肿瘤大小(p值0.05)。结果表明，千叶草对乳腺癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用强于大黄草和大黄草。然而，在这方面还需要更多的补充研究。
{"title":"Preventive Effects of Achillea Millefolium, Rosa Damascena and Origanum Majorana Hydroalcoholic Extracts on Breast Cancer in Female Mice","authors":"Reza Afrisham, Fariba Nabatchian, M. Ashtiani, Amir Teimourpour, Negin Davoudi, Sara Niknam","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666221228110443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666221228110443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Breast cancer is overall considered the second most frequently recognized cancer worldwide. Several studies have recently reported the antitumoral properties of some medicinal herbs such as Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), and Rose (Rosa damascena Mill L). Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of these plants on breast cancer prevention in female mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mice were classified into five ten‐mice groups: normal control (untreated group), tumor group (treated with 4T1 cells), and treatment groups (treated with 4T1 cells+ Yarrow or Rose and Marjoram plants). Then, the levels of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidants were determined. Finally, the tumor size was evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The hydroalcoholic extract of Yarrow herb significantly decreased the levels of CA-15-3 and CEA (P-value=0.008 and P-value=0.018, respectively). In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts of Yarrow, Rose, and Marjoram plants significantly reduced tumor size in comparison with the tumor group (P-value<0.001 for Yarrow, and P-value=0.004 for Rose and Marjoram plants). Yarrow herb had the significantly highest effect on tumor size in comparison with Rose and Marjoram plants (P-value=0.011 for both plants). However, no significant differences were found among the groups treated with the plants in comparison with the tumor mice in terms of SOD and total antioxidants (P-value>0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings revealed that A. millefolium had the greatest antitumor effects on mice with breast cancer in comparison with O. majorana and R. damascena herbs. However, more complementary studies are needed in this regard.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666221115121128
Babu R L, Srushti S C, N. M, Shubha M. Hegde, Shivaleela M Biradar, Shreedevi S J, P. S. J
Cancer is a multi-step process involving alterations in epigenetic and genetic processes. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a frequent oral malignancy that originates from the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells as a consequence of failures in a series of normal molecular and cellular processes. The mechanism of human carcinogenesis is often seen as a double-edged sword, with the body's system being thought to counteract the detrimental consequences of neoplastic cell proliferation while simultaneously promoting tumor development. Various transcription factors play a significant part in cancer regulation, with the activator protein-1 family of transcription factors (TFs) being the most prominent regulatory protein family. The Jun, Fos, ATF, and MAF protein families are all present in the AP-1 dimeric complex. While certain AP-1 proteins, including JunB and c-Fos, are known to be majorly oncogenic in function, experimental studies have shown that other AP-1 proteins, such as JunB and c-Fos, also play a critical role in tumor suppression. The aim of this review is to offer breakthrough information on the role of molecular mechanisms mediated by AP-1 TFs in tumor development and its environment.
{"title":"Role of Activator Protein-1 transcription factor in Oral Cancer","authors":"Babu R L, Srushti S C, N. M, Shubha M. Hegde, Shivaleela M Biradar, Shreedevi S J, P. S. J","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666221115121128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666221115121128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is a multi-step process involving alterations in epigenetic and genetic processes. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a frequent oral malignancy that originates from the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells as a consequence of failures in a series of normal molecular and cellular processes. The mechanism of human carcinogenesis is often seen as a double-edged sword, with the body's system being thought to counteract the detrimental consequences of neoplastic cell proliferation while simultaneously promoting tumor development. Various transcription factors play a significant part in cancer regulation, with the activator protein-1 family of transcription factors (TFs) being the most prominent regulatory protein family. The Jun, Fos, ATF, and MAF protein families are all present in the AP-1 dimeric complex. While certain AP-1 proteins, including JunB and c-Fos, are known to be majorly oncogenic in function, experimental studies have shown that other AP-1 proteins, such as JunB and c-Fos, also play a critical role in tumor suppression. The aim of this review is to offer breakthrough information on the role of molecular mechanisms mediated by AP-1 TFs in tumor development and its environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666221103094845
K. Bislimi, Besmir Hyseni, I. Mazreku
Cancer is one of the most important threats to public health. Cancer is characterized by cell proliferation that has eluded central endogenous control mechanisms. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women, followed by skin cancer and breast cancer, the first and second most common causes, respectively. In developing countries, cervical cancer is usually the most common cancer in women and may account for 25% of all female cancers. Over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer have made rapid progress, resulting in a decline in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. Unfortunately, although surgery and radiotherapy have effective treatment options for early cervical cancer, poor prognosis is still a challenge in the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer. Therefore, it is very important to reveal the mechanism of cervical cancer and explore new therapies against tumor invasiveness. At present, it is reported that nanomaterials are used in the detection and treatment of various types of malignant tumors due to their different targeting effects in many fields, such as imaging, immune detection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of graphene oxide (GO) on tumor invasion and metastasis were studied in recent studies using the human cervical cancer Hela cell line, as well as the probable mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. Here we collect the last reports, with focus on the role of GO in the inhibition of migration and invasion of cancer cells with the goal of exposing possible potential pathways to provide new insights for specific treatment of cancer.
{"title":"The role of graphene oxide in the inhibition of migration and invasion of cancer cells by destroying actin cytoskeleton and via inhibiting the activities of ETC complexes","authors":"K. Bislimi, Besmir Hyseni, I. Mazreku","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666221103094845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666221103094845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is one of the most important threats to public health. Cancer is characterized by cell proliferation that has eluded central endogenous control mechanisms. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women, followed by skin cancer and breast cancer, the first and second most common causes, respectively. In developing countries, cervical cancer is usually the most common cancer in women and may account for 25% of all female cancers.\u0000Over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer have made rapid progress, resulting in a decline in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. Unfortunately, although surgery and radiotherapy have effective treatment options for early cervical cancer, poor prognosis is still a challenge in the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer. Therefore, it is very important to reveal the mechanism of cervical cancer and explore new therapies against tumor invasiveness.\u0000At present, it is reported that nanomaterials are used in the detection and treatment of various types of malignant tumors due to their different targeting effects in many fields, such as imaging, immune detection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. \u0000The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of graphene oxide (GO) on tumor invasion and metastasis were studied in recent studies using the human cervical cancer Hela cell line, as well as the probable mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. \u0000Here we collect the last reports, with focus on the role of GO in the inhibition of migration and invasion of cancer cells with the goal of exposing possible potential pathways to provide new insights for specific treatment of cancer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.2174/1573394718666221004092742
M. Alam, Awaneet Kaur, Shaweta Sharma, Shikha Yadav, A. Tiwari
In the last few decades, cancer has affected people globally and is the most minacious disease that affects human body cells. It is a prominent cause of death. Cancer can affect anyone anywhere in the body. Most ordinary cancers are lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, etc. There are various options for the treatment of cancer, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or hormonal therapy, but the adverse effects may be harmful and can vary considerably depending on the health outcomes of the person. Many studies have recently focused on herbal species for anticancer purposes. Several herbal components and their analogues are mostly recognised as crucial anticancer factors. However, different plants have anticancer properties. Various medicinal herbs were revealed to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. This study shows that herbal goods with related analogues are cancer-resistant compounds with in vivo or in vitro anticancer effects. His study aims to demonstrate the herbal products with related analogues as cancer-resistant compounds as novel species with in vivo or in vitro anticancer effects. This review has focused on several natural anticancer substances, besides several other organic products. Most herbs seemed to progress through the process of anti-cancer. An herbal compound analysis is often valuable for discovering new pharmacologically important materials with special pathways. It can be noted that to provide nature’s variability, chemically, components that can be associated with most targeted therapies are often developed.
{"title":"Herbal Drugs to Targets in the treatment of Cancer- A Futuristic Approach","authors":"M. Alam, Awaneet Kaur, Shaweta Sharma, Shikha Yadav, A. Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/1573394718666221004092742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394718666221004092742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the last few decades, cancer has affected people globally and is the most minacious disease that affects human body cells. It is a prominent cause of death. Cancer can affect anyone anywhere in the body. Most ordinary cancers are lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, etc. There are various options for the treatment of cancer, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or hormonal therapy, but the adverse effects may be harmful and can vary considerably depending on the health outcomes of the person. Many studies have recently focused on herbal species for anticancer purposes. Several herbal components and their analogues are mostly recognised as crucial anticancer factors. However, different plants have anticancer properties. Various medicinal herbs were revealed to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. This study shows that herbal goods with related analogues are cancer-resistant compounds with in vivo or in vitro anticancer effects. His study aims to demonstrate the herbal products with related analogues as cancer-resistant compounds as novel species with in vivo or in vitro anticancer effects. This review has focused on several natural anticancer substances, besides several other organic products. Most herbs seemed to progress through the process of anti-cancer. An herbal compound analysis is often valuable for discovering new pharmacologically important materials with special pathways. It can be noted that to provide nature’s variability, chemically, components that can be associated with most targeted therapies are often developed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47176023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.2174/1573394718666220930143651
Z. Mostafavi-Pour, N. Jamali, Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori, Mohammad Samare-Najaf
Recent investigations have demonstrated that metformin treatment can decrease tumor incidence and growth using cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis pathway. However, it is not clear how metformin affects the factors involved in the apoptotic process. The present study aimed to determine the effect of metformin on Bak, Bad, and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins using docking and dynamics simulation studies. The 3D structure of molecules was retrieved from PubChem and RCSB servers. Simulation and docking studies were conducted by Gromacs and AutoDock software. Next, molecular dynamics analysis was performed using Gromacs software. Moreover, LigPlot+V.4.5.3 software was applied for the determination of the hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions at the binding sites. Our findings demonstrated that metformin has the highest affinity for binding the Bak protein. This binding occurred using four amino acid residues within the binding site of Bak with the minimum binding energy (-5.70 kcal/mol). The molecular docking of metformin to these pro-apoptotic factors significantly decreased the total energy and increased the coil secondary structure of Bak protein. According to our findings, metformin can alter the molecular dynamics property of these proteins which results in increased activity of these pro-apoptotic proteins and induction of apoptosis.
{"title":"The effect of metformin on Bad, Bak, and Bim pro-apoptotic factors: A molecular dynamic simulation study","authors":"Z. Mostafavi-Pour, N. Jamali, Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori, Mohammad Samare-Najaf","doi":"10.2174/1573394718666220930143651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394718666220930143651","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recent investigations have demonstrated that metformin treatment can decrease tumor incidence and growth using cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis pathway. However, it is not clear how metformin affects the factors involved in the apoptotic process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study aimed to determine the effect of metformin on Bak, Bad, and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins using docking and dynamics simulation studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The 3D structure of molecules was retrieved from PubChem and RCSB servers. Simulation and docking studies were conducted by Gromacs and AutoDock software. Next, molecular dynamics analysis was performed using Gromacs software. Moreover, LigPlot+V.4.5.3 software was applied for the determination of the hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions at the binding sites.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings demonstrated that metformin has the highest affinity for binding the Bak protein. This binding occurred using four amino acid residues within the binding site of Bak with the minimum binding energy (-5.70 kcal/mol). The molecular docking of metformin to these pro-apoptotic factors significantly decreased the total energy and increased the coil secondary structure of Bak protein.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to our findings, metformin can alter the molecular dynamics property of these proteins which results in increased activity of these pro-apoptotic proteins and induction of apoptosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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