Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230331113753
Mohd Ashif Khan, Aakriti Garg, Imran A Khan, Nidhi
Telomere is the repetitive sequence of non-coding DNA that protects chromosomes from damage. However, with cell division, the length of the telomere gets shortened ultimately leading to cell senescence. Telomere shortening is compensated by the addition of telomeric sequence by telomerase enzyme and thus preventing senescence which may lead to abnormal cell growth and ultimately result in cancer. There might not be a direct effect of telomerase on carcinogenesis, however, the role of telomerase in maintaining the length of telomere and thus tumor growth progression is quite evident. Various studies have reported the significance of telomerase activity in tumor cells. Therefore, targeting the telomerase enzyme can be an effective approach for the management of cancer, and drugs targeting telomerase inhibition are possible therapeutic candidates to be used clinically for the treatment of cancer in the future. Thus, in the current paper, we aim to review various telomerase inhibitors against cancer, challenges in proposing telomerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, and future perspectives on developing telomerase inhibitors for the management of cancer.
{"title":"Current progress in targeting telomere and telomerase enzymes for the treatment of cancer","authors":"Mohd Ashif Khan, Aakriti Garg, Imran A Khan, Nidhi","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230331113753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230331113753","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Telomere is the repetitive sequence of non-coding DNA that protects chromosomes from damage. However, with cell division, the length of the telomere gets shortened ultimately leading to cell senescence. Telomere shortening is compensated by the addition of telomeric sequence by telomerase enzyme and thus preventing senescence which may lead to abnormal cell growth and ultimately result in cancer. There might not be a direct effect of telomerase on carcinogenesis, however, the role of telomerase in maintaining the length of telomere and thus tumor growth progression is quite evident. Various studies have reported the significance of telomerase activity in tumor cells. Therefore, targeting the telomerase enzyme can be an effective approach for the management of cancer, and drugs targeting telomerase inhibition are possible therapeutic candidates to be used clinically for the treatment of cancer in the future. Thus, in the current paper, we aim to review various telomerase inhibitors against cancer, challenges in proposing telomerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, and future perspectives on developing telomerase inhibitors for the management of cancer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230329104611
Loma Al-Mansouri, F. AL-Obaidi, Rafid Bashir Altaweel, E. Soto-Pérez-de-Celis, Hasan Al- Farhan, Noor A Abdullah, L. Al-Rubaiy
Cancer is associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolic events compared to the general population. About one-fifth of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolic events have underlying cancer. The guidelines recommend both low molecular weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic events. Further evidence is required to adequately characterize the exact role of direct oral anticoagulants A systematic review of the literature was done by searching the databases of Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov. The analysis included only randomized controlled trials enrolling adult patients with cancer and venous thromboembolic events comparing low molecular weight heparin versus direct oral anticoagulants. Duration of follow-up of at least 6 months was considered as a minimum. The studies had to assess the risk of thromboembolic recurrence rate, all-cause mortality, and risk of bleeding. The final search results led to the inclusion of five randomized controlled trials. The analysis showed a similar risk of recurrence of venous thrombotic events (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44-1.17; P = 0.18), mortality risk (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.17; P = 0.8), and major bleeding (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.69-1.62; P = 0.81) between the two treatment groups. The use of direct oral anticoagulants is a feasible and practical option in ambulatory cancer patients with venous thromboembolic events. The efficacy and safety are similar to that of low molecular weight heparin.
与一般人群相比，癌症与静脉血栓栓塞事件的高风险相关。大约五分之一被诊断为静脉血栓栓塞事件的患者有潜在的癌症。指南建议使用低分子肝素和直接口服抗凝剂预防和治疗静脉血栓栓塞事件。需要进一步的证据来充分描述直接口服抗凝剂的确切作用。通过搜索Medline、Cochrane中央对照试验登记处(Central)和ClinicalTrials.gov数据库，对文献进行了系统的回顾。该分析仅包括随机对照试验，纳入患有癌症和静脉血栓栓塞事件的成年患者，比较低分子肝素与直接口服抗凝剂。随访时间至少为6个月。这些研究必须评估血栓栓塞复发率、全因死亡率和出血风险。最终的搜索结果纳入了5个随机对照试验。分析显示静脉血栓事件复发的风险相似(RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44-1.17;P = 0.18)，死亡风险(RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.17;P = 0.8)，大出血(RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.69-1.62;P = 0.81)。使用直接口服抗凝剂是一个可行的和实用的选择，在门诊癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞事件。其疗效和安全性与低分子肝素相当。
{"title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Loma Al-Mansouri, F. AL-Obaidi, Rafid Bashir Altaweel, E. Soto-Pérez-de-Celis, Hasan Al- Farhan, Noor A Abdullah, L. Al-Rubaiy","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230329104611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230329104611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolic events compared to the general population. About one-fifth of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolic events have underlying cancer. The guidelines recommend both low molecular weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic events. Further evidence is required to adequately characterize the exact role of direct oral anticoagulants\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A systematic review of the literature was done by searching the databases of Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov. The analysis included only randomized controlled trials enrolling adult patients with cancer and venous thromboembolic events comparing low molecular weight heparin versus direct oral anticoagulants. Duration of follow-up of at least 6 months was considered as a minimum. The studies had to assess the risk of thromboembolic recurrence rate, all-cause mortality, and risk of bleeding.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The final search results led to the inclusion of five randomized controlled trials. The analysis showed a similar risk of recurrence of venous thrombotic events (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44-1.17; P = 0.18), mortality risk (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.17; P = 0.8), and major bleeding (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.69-1.62; P = 0.81) between the two treatment groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The use of direct oral anticoagulants is a feasible and practical option in ambulatory cancer patients with venous thromboembolic events. The efficacy and safety are similar to that of low molecular weight heparin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230321153528
F. Rahmani, Mojde Atabati, Razieh Saber, Parnian Malakuti, Ghazaleh Pourali, Motahareh Heydari-majd, Pegah Safavi, Mohammad Dashti, Azam Rastgar Moghadam, M. Farazestanian, Negin Behboodi, M. Mehramiz, M. Nassiri, Majid Rajabian-Noghondar, R. Rahbarian, H. Ramshini, Amirhosein Jafarian, G. Ferns, A. Avan, M. Hasanzadeh
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecologic cancers associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is mounting evidence indicating an association between the 9p21 locus genetic variants with susceptibility to various human malignancies. In this current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between the rs1333049 genetic variant in chromosome 9p21 and the risk of cervical carcinogenesis. Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is mounting evidence indicating an association between the 9p21 locus genetic variants with susceptibility to various human malignancies. The possible correlation between rs1333049 polymorphism and susceptibility to cervical cancer was investigated in 221 patients with or without cancer. DNAs were isolated and genotyped using a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR method. The rs1333049 genetic variant was found to be correlated with an elevated risk of cervical neoplasia using recessive and additive genetic models (p<0.001). The possible correlation between rs1333049 polymorphism and susceptibility to cervical cancer was investigated in 221 patients with, or without cancer. DNAs were isolated and genotyped using a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR method. CDKN2A/B genetic variant (rs1333049) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of cancer, suggesting its potential as a novel predictive marker for cervical carcinogenesis. .
{"title":"Association of a genetic variant in chromosome 9p21 with increased risk of developing cervical cancer","authors":"F. Rahmani, Mojde Atabati, Razieh Saber, Parnian Malakuti, Ghazaleh Pourali, Motahareh Heydari-majd, Pegah Safavi, Mohammad Dashti, Azam Rastgar Moghadam, M. Farazestanian, Negin Behboodi, M. Mehramiz, M. Nassiri, Majid Rajabian-Noghondar, R. Rahbarian, H. Ramshini, Amirhosein Jafarian, G. Ferns, A. Avan, M. Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230321153528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230321153528","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecologic cancers associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is mounting evidence indicating an association between the 9p21 locus genetic variants with susceptibility to various human malignancies. In this current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between the rs1333049 genetic variant in chromosome 9p21 and the risk of cervical carcinogenesis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is mounting evidence indicating an association between the 9p21 locus genetic variants with susceptibility to various human malignancies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The possible correlation between rs1333049 polymorphism and susceptibility to cervical cancer was investigated in 221 patients with or without cancer. DNAs were isolated and genotyped using a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The rs1333049 genetic variant was found to be correlated with an elevated risk of cervical neoplasia using recessive and additive genetic models (p<0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The possible correlation between rs1333049 polymorphism and susceptibility to cervical cancer was investigated in 221 patients with, or without cancer. DNAs were isolated and genotyped using a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CDKN2A/B genetic variant (rs1333049) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of cancer, suggesting its potential as a novel predictive marker for cervical carcinogenesis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230316112549
M. Farzaneh, Arya Moftakhar, S. Khoshnam
Brain cancers or intracranial cancers are among the deadliest cancers in the world. The presence of tumorigenic cancer cells in the brain and induction of poor prognosis may impact the survival/death balance. Glioma is a type of brain tumor that begins in the glial tissue. Recently, it has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with at least 200 nucleotides in length by targeting DNAs, RNAs, and proteins play essential roles in several biological processes, including growth, differentiation, and development. Recently, lncRNAs was reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis of glioma by targeting miRNAs, other ncRNAs, and mRNAs. In this review, we focused on the functional roles of lnRNAs in glioma.
{"title":"The pathogenic roles of lncRNAs in glioma","authors":"M. Farzaneh, Arya Moftakhar, S. Khoshnam","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230316112549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230316112549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Brain cancers or intracranial cancers are among the deadliest cancers in the world. The presence of tumorigenic cancer cells in the brain and induction of poor prognosis may impact the survival/death balance. Glioma is a type of brain tumor that begins in the glial tissue. Recently, it has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with at least 200 nucleotides in length by targeting DNAs, RNAs, and proteins play essential roles in several biological processes, including growth, differentiation, and development. Recently, lncRNAs was reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis of glioma by targeting miRNAs, other ncRNAs, and mRNAs. In this review, we focused on the functional roles of lnRNAs in glioma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46812920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230313160544
B. Karikalan, S. Chakravarthi
Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have been steadily decreasing in developed nations owing to the excellent screening programs executed. However, it still remains one of the most prevalent tumors in developing nations, contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality in females. The major causal factor in the genesis of cervical cancer is recognized to be human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The female population, particularly in poor countries, is highly susceptible to HPV infections and cervical cancer as a result of the increasing costs posed by widespread cervical screening and HPV vaccination methods. Understanding the roles of HPV oncoproteins (E6 and E7) and non-coding RNAs, along with their many cellular targets, can help us develop targeted drug therapy to manage cervical cancer. In the hunt for novel ways for effective disease control and prevention, new insights and methodologies in molecular biology keep evolving continuously. In the recent past, newer studies have revealed deeper knowledge of HPV-activated molecular signaling pathways as well as prospective targets for early diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of HPV-related malignancies. Also, there has been much new research conducted on genome-editing tools for HPV-induced cervical cancer treatment in conjunction with other treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines.
{"title":"Recent Updates on the Management of Human Papillomavirus-related Cancers","authors":"B. Karikalan, S. Chakravarthi","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230313160544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230313160544","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have been steadily decreasing in developed nations owing to the excellent screening programs executed. However, it still remains one of the most prevalent tumors in developing nations, contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality in females. The major causal factor in the genesis of cervical cancer is recognized to be human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The female population, particularly in poor countries, is highly susceptible to HPV infections and cervical cancer as a result of the increasing costs posed by widespread cervical screening and HPV vaccination methods. Understanding the roles of HPV oncoproteins (E6 and E7) and non-coding RNAs, along with their many cellular targets, can help us develop targeted drug therapy to manage cervical cancer. In the hunt for novel ways for effective disease control and prevention, new insights and methodologies in molecular biology keep evolving continuously. In the recent past, newer studies have revealed deeper knowledge of HPV-activated molecular signaling pathways as well as prospective targets for early diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of HPV-related malignancies. Also, there has been much new research conducted on genome-editing tools for HPV-induced cervical cancer treatment in conjunction with other treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230306121408
Mehul Patel, Aashka Thakkar, Priya Bhatt, Umang Shah, Ashish D. Patel, N. Solanki, Swayamprakash Patel, Sandip Patel, Karan Gandhi, B. Patel
Recent scientific advances have expanded insight into the immune system and its response to malignant cells. In the past few years, immunotherapy has attained a hallmark for cancer treatment, especially for patients suffering from the advanced-stage disease. Modulating the immune system by blocking various immune checkpoint receptor proteins through monoclonal antibodies has improved cancer patients' survival rates. The scope of this review spans from 1985 to the present day. Many journals, books, and theses have been used to gather data, as well as Internet-based information such as Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, SpringerLink, and Online electronic journals. Current review elaborates on the potential inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint pathways which are emerged and have been tested in various preclinical models, clinical trials, and practices. Twenty-odd such significant checkpoints are identified and discussed in the present work. A large number of ongoing studies reveal that combination therapies that target more than one signaling pathway may become effective in order to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Moreover, these immunotherapy targets can be a part of integrated therapeutic strategies in addition to classical approaches. It may become a paradigm shift as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
{"title":"Prominent Targets for Cancer Care: Immunotherapy Perspective","authors":"Mehul Patel, Aashka Thakkar, Priya Bhatt, Umang Shah, Ashish D. Patel, N. Solanki, Swayamprakash Patel, Sandip Patel, Karan Gandhi, B. Patel","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230306121408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230306121408","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recent scientific advances have expanded insight into the immune system and its response to malignant cells. In the past few years, immunotherapy has attained a hallmark for cancer treatment, especially for patients suffering from the advanced-stage disease. Modulating the immune system by blocking various immune checkpoint receptor proteins through monoclonal antibodies has improved cancer patients' survival rates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The scope of this review spans from 1985 to the present day. Many journals, books, and theses have been used to gather data, as well as Internet-based information such as Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, SpringerLink, and Online electronic journals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Current review elaborates on the potential inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint pathways which are emerged and have been tested in various preclinical models, clinical trials, and practices. Twenty-odd such significant checkpoints are identified and discussed in the present work.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A large number of ongoing studies reveal that combination therapies that target more than one signaling pathway may become effective in order to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Moreover, these immunotherapy targets can be a part of integrated therapeutic strategies in addition to classical approaches. It may become a paradigm shift as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230306145642
M. Farzaneh, Fatemeh Khojasteh Pour, Mona Keivan, Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati, N. Saadati, F. Moramezi, R. Nikbakht
Endometrial cancer is gynecologic cancer that occurs in the uterus. Endometrial cancer stem cells (ECSC) are a small population of cancer cells that represent a crucial role in the metastasis of endometrial cancer cells to other organs in the body. ECSC can proliferate and give rise to mature cancer cells, which are found to participate in the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting ECSC can be a valuable strategy for drug development against the metastasis of endometrial cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that several signaling pathways, including Wnt, mTOR, EGFR, NOTCH, STAT3, VEGF, and SHH show modest effects and regulate the growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis of ECSC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also play an important role in ECSC self-renewal, progression, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for endometrial cancer diagnosis and therapy. This mini-review aims to characterize the main signaling pathways involved in the stimulation of ECSCs proliferation and tumorigenesis.
子宫内膜癌是发生在子宫内的妇科癌症。子宫内膜癌干细胞(Endometrial cancer stem cells, ECSC)是一小部分癌细胞，在子宫内膜癌细胞向身体其他器官转移过程中起着至关重要的作用。ECSC可以增殖并产生成熟的癌细胞，这些癌细胞被发现参与转移性病变的侵袭性。因此，靶向ECSC可能是一种有价值的针对子宫内膜癌转移的药物开发策略。既往研究表明，Wnt、mTOR、EGFR、NOTCH、STAT3、VEGF和SHH等信号通路在ECSC的生长、上皮-间质转化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT)和肿瘤发生过程中发挥适度作用。非编码rna (ncRNAs)在ECSC自我更新、进展和耐药中也起着重要作用。因此，靶向这些通路可能是子宫内膜癌诊断和治疗的新途径。这篇综述旨在描述刺激ECSCs增殖和肿瘤发生的主要信号通路。
{"title":"Endometrial cancer stem cells related signaling pathways","authors":"M. Farzaneh, Fatemeh Khojasteh Pour, Mona Keivan, Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati, N. Saadati, F. Moramezi, R. Nikbakht","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230306145642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230306145642","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Endometrial cancer is gynecologic cancer that occurs in the uterus. Endometrial cancer stem cells (ECSC) are a small population of cancer cells that represent a crucial role in the metastasis of endometrial cancer cells to other organs in the body. ECSC can proliferate and give rise to mature cancer cells, which are found to participate in the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting ECSC can be a valuable strategy for drug development against the metastasis of endometrial cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that several signaling pathways, including Wnt, mTOR, EGFR, NOTCH, STAT3, VEGF, and SHH show modest effects and regulate the growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis of ECSC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also play an important role in ECSC self-renewal, progression, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for endometrial cancer diagnosis and therapy. This mini-review aims to characterize the main signaling pathways involved in the stimulation of ECSCs proliferation and tumorigenesis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230207101655
T. Mohammadian, Elmira Babakanrad, D. Esmaeili, P. Behzadi
Cancer is the second leading cause of death among men and women and a highly prevalent cause of mortality among women. Having sexual relations at a young age, having multiple sex partners, multiple pregnancies, long-term use of birth control pills, receiving a kidney transplant, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the major risk factors of cervical cancer. Although the risk of cervical cancer has recently increased, its mortality rate has declined. This study aimed to review cervical cancer, its epidemiology, etiology, treatment methods, and various chemical plant- and microorganism-derived drugs. Complete information collection was performed by reading most of the available articles. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, and the best way to prevent it is vaccination between the ages of 9 and 11 years, screening women and, more importantly, educating girls. One of the easiest methods to screen for this disease is Pap tests and HPV genotyping (high-risk strains 16 and 18). Cervical cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages, but after spreading to other parts of the body, it causes symptoms, such as bleeding, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. Cervical cancer treatment is based on the stage of the disease and the involvement of other parts of the body. In general, however, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hysterectomy are among the common treatments for cervical cancer. Each of these methods has its side effects; for instance, chemotherapy destroys healthy as well as cancer cells. Nowadays, with molecular knowledge, new drugs have been developed that are free from the side effects of cancer treatment methods and only affect cancer cells. All the results have been reviewed and compiled.
{"title":"Cervical Cancer: A Review of Epidemiology, Treatments, and Anticancer Drugs","authors":"T. Mohammadian, Elmira Babakanrad, D. Esmaeili, P. Behzadi","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230207101655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230207101655","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is the second leading cause of death among men and women and a highly prevalent cause of mortality among women. Having sexual relations at a young age, having multiple sex partners, multiple pregnancies, long-term use of birth control pills, receiving a kidney transplant, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the major risk factors of cervical cancer. Although the risk of cervical cancer has recently increased, its mortality rate has declined. This study aimed to review cervical cancer, its epidemiology, etiology, treatment methods, and various chemical plant- and microorganism-derived drugs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Complete information collection was performed by reading most of the available articles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, and the best way to prevent it is vaccination between the ages of 9 and 11 years, screening women and, more importantly, educating girls. One of the easiest methods to screen for this disease is Pap tests and HPV genotyping (high-risk strains 16 and 18). Cervical cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages, but after spreading to other parts of the body, it causes symptoms, such as bleeding, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. Cervical cancer treatment is based on the stage of the disease and the involvement of other parts of the body. In general, however, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hysterectomy are among the common treatments for cervical cancer. Each of these methods has its side effects; for instance, chemotherapy destroys healthy as well as cancer cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nowadays, with molecular knowledge, new drugs have been developed that are free from the side effects of cancer treatment methods and only affect cancer cells. All the results have been reviewed and compiled.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs in the lymphatic system because of lymphocytes tumor. This type of tumor has a high death rate among patients. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made based on under-standing its exact biology; several treatment methods have been developed. Many patients are cured by a combination of different chemotherapies, despite their toxic effects. In recent years, despite various studies on monoclonal antibodies for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there have been no narrative articles in this field. Therefore, combining monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy is successful as they reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapies. These antibodies can target specific cellular pathways of the immune system lead-ing to limitation of cancer progression. In this article, various types of monoclonal antibodies, their underly-ing mechanisms of action, as well as their effects on patients with different phases and types of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been reviewed for a better understanding.
{"title":"Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Literature Review","authors":"M. Fallahi, Nasibeh Zerangian, N. Deravi, Atousa Ghorbani, Gisou Erabi, Melika Shirali, Mahsa Heidari Foroozan, Elaheh Shabani, Foad Rommasi, Mahsa Mohammadi Najafabadi, Shima Karbasi Najafabadi, Samaneh Toutounchian, Ramin Ahangar-Sirous, Ava Motaghy","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230201122212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230201122212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs in the lymphatic system because of lymphocytes tumor. This type of tumor has a high death rate among patients. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made based on under-standing its exact biology; several treatment methods have been developed. Many patients are cured by a combination of different chemotherapies, despite their toxic effects. In recent years, despite various studies on monoclonal antibodies for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there have been no narrative articles in this field.\u0000Therefore, combining monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy is successful as they reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapies. These antibodies can target specific cellular pathways of the immune system lead-ing to limitation of cancer progression. In this article, various types of monoclonal antibodies, their underly-ing mechanisms of action, as well as their effects on patients with different phases and types of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been reviewed for a better understanding.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47154236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230120115938
V. V. Padma, S. Saikia, B. Prajapati, Sankha Bhattacharya
The North East (NE) India region has a quite distinct gene pool with over 160 scheduled tribes and 400 other sub-tribal populations. This region is the fourth contributor to the gene pool of the Indian sub-continent, which has associations with Tibeto-Burman speakers and Austro-Asiatic speakers settled in East and NE-India with Asian ties. Methods Literature search and studies have shown that in India, notwithstanding the lack of data on population coverage, there exists no such evidence for a decline in age-standardized mortality rates in cancer and the number of deaths mostly in individuals less than 70 years. Analytical epidemiological studies using molecular markers are currently the need of NE-India for prognostication of cancers in this region, which are quite different from the rest of India, such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer in females, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancers. In addition, there is a dire need for translational research in NE-India, as for cancer survival, it is not always feasible to generalize the current international guidelines for cancer to the population of NE-India so that high survival rates are achieved just like the rest of India and high-income rich countries. Factors, such as difference in incidence rate, socioeconomic factors, tumor biology and availability of resource in this region, determine the survival rates. In this review, various factors involved in the high cancer burden in this region are discussed, particularly focusing on the genetic basis.
{"title":"Risk assessment of Esophageal Cancer Prevalence in North East India","authors":"V. V. Padma, S. Saikia, B. Prajapati, Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230120115938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230120115938","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The North East (NE) India region has a quite distinct gene pool with over 160 scheduled tribes and 400 other sub-tribal populations. This region is the fourth contributor to the gene pool of the Indian sub-continent, which has associations with Tibeto-Burman speakers and Austro-Asiatic speakers settled in East and NE-India with Asian ties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Literature search and studies have shown that in India, notwithstanding the lack of data on population coverage, there exists no such evidence for a decline in age-standardized mortality rates in cancer and the number of deaths mostly in individuals less than 70 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Analytical epidemiological studies using molecular markers are currently the need of NE-India for prognostication of cancers in this region, which are quite different from the rest of India, such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer in females, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancers. In addition, there is a dire need for translational research in NE-India, as for cancer survival, it is not always feasible to generalize the current international guidelines for cancer to the population of NE-India so that high survival rates are achieved just like the rest of India and high-income rich countries. Factors, such as difference in incidence rate, socioeconomic factors, tumor biology and availability of resource in this region, determine the survival rates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this review, various factors involved in the high cancer burden in this region are discussed, particularly focusing on the genetic basis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48427458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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