Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.2174/0115733947261058231017170056
Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga, Amit Sharma, Hemant R. Jadhav, Anubhav Rai, Harish C. Chandramoorthy, Hossam Mohammed Kamli, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Prasanna Rajagopalan
Abstract: Cancer is one of the significant healthcare challenges in today’s world, even after advancements in modern science, including oncology. The complex nature of the disease, which involves multiple proteins and pathways, poses a substantial challenge in drug discovery. Several therapeutic options have emerged in the last decade. Systemic cancer therapies began with the advent of chemotherapy and were revolutionized with the development of targeted therapies. The present review is a definite overview of the advances in various therapeutic options for cancer, with a particular emphasis on targeted therapy using small molecules and biologicals.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Systemic Targeted Therapies in Cancer Treatment","authors":"Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga, Amit Sharma, Hemant R. Jadhav, Anubhav Rai, Harish C. Chandramoorthy, Hossam Mohammed Kamli, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Prasanna Rajagopalan","doi":"10.2174/0115733947261058231017170056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947261058231017170056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer is one of the significant healthcare challenges in today’s world, even after advancements in modern science, including oncology. The complex nature of the disease, which involves multiple proteins and pathways, poses a substantial challenge in drug discovery. Several therapeutic options have emerged in the last decade. Systemic cancer therapies began with the advent of chemotherapy and were revolutionized with the development of targeted therapies. The present review is a definite overview of the advances in various therapeutic options for cancer, with a particular emphasis on targeted therapy using small molecules and biologicals.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.2174/0115733947267105231009061118
Naina Kumar, Ashutosh Rath, Mishu Mangla, Subhrajyoti Roy
Introduction:: Ovarian cancers are the third most common gynecological cancers worldwide with serous carcinomas being the most common subtype with 90% of them as high-grade carcinomas. Case Presentation:: In the present case report a 60 years postmenopausal, nulliparous woman presented with complaints of bleeding per vaginum for 1-2 months with a left-sided solid-cystic ovarian mass of size 4x5 cm and ipsilateral enlarged external iliac and obturator lymph nodes which were diagnosed on histopathological examination as high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOCs) with ipsilateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in presence of intact ovarian capsule and no metastatic deposits over the uterus, contralateral ovary and fallopian tubes, omentum, or any other gross peritoneal deposits. There was coexisting non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The patient was managed successfully with staging laparotomy with modified radical hysterectomy, and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin injections. Conclusion:: Patients with HGSOCs can have varied presentations with unusual involvement of lymph nodes in the absence of peritoneal spread. Hence, the clinician must be aware of these unusual presentations for the successful management of such cases.
{"title":"Unusual Scenario: Ipsilateral Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma without Peritoneal Extension - A Case Report","authors":"Naina Kumar, Ashutosh Rath, Mishu Mangla, Subhrajyoti Roy","doi":"10.2174/0115733947267105231009061118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947267105231009061118","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:: Ovarian cancers are the third most common gynecological cancers worldwide with serous carcinomas being the most common subtype with 90% of them as high-grade carcinomas. Case Presentation:: In the present case report a 60 years postmenopausal, nulliparous woman presented with complaints of bleeding per vaginum for 1-2 months with a left-sided solid-cystic ovarian mass of size 4x5 cm and ipsilateral enlarged external iliac and obturator lymph nodes which were diagnosed on histopathological examination as high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOCs) with ipsilateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in presence of intact ovarian capsule and no metastatic deposits over the uterus, contralateral ovary and fallopian tubes, omentum, or any other gross peritoneal deposits. There was coexisting non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The patient was managed successfully with staging laparotomy with modified radical hysterectomy, and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin injections. Conclusion:: Patients with HGSOCs can have varied presentations with unusual involvement of lymph nodes in the absence of peritoneal spread. Hence, the clinician must be aware of these unusual presentations for the successful management of such cases.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"61 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.2174/1573394719666230912115100
Dinesh Kumar Patel
Background: Plant-derived byproducts have been used to treat numerous kinds of human complications in medicine since a very early age. Moscatilin is a bibenzyl compound found to be present in Dendrobium. Moscatilin, also called 4,4′-dihydroxyl-3,3′,5-trimethoxybibenzyl has potential benefits in medicine for the treatment of ovarian, lung, breast, esophageal, hepatic, colorectal, pancreatic and neck squamous cancer. Methods: The present work summarized the health-beneficial aspects of moscatilin for its effectiveness against numerous kinds of cancerous disorders in medicine. Pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of moscatilin have been analyzed in the present work through available scientific data on Google, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. Results: Scientific data analysis of moscatilin signified their therapeutic effectiveness against ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatic cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, neck squamous cell cancer, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Further, moscatilin has a significant effect on inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic neuropathy, and retinal ischemia. However, analytical data on moscatilin were also discussed in the present work in order to know the effective separation, isolation and identification of moscatilin. Conclusion: Scientific information on moscatilin presented in this work will be helpful to all scientific people to understand the biological importance and therapeutic potential of moscatilin in medicine.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential and Pharmacological Activities of Moscatilin in Medicine for the Treatment of Cancers and Other Human complication: A Review of the Active Components of Dendrobium Species","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Patel","doi":"10.2174/1573394719666230912115100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573394719666230912115100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant-derived byproducts have been used to treat numerous kinds of human complications in medicine since a very early age. Moscatilin is a bibenzyl compound found to be present in Dendrobium. Moscatilin, also called 4,4′-dihydroxyl-3,3′,5-trimethoxybibenzyl has potential benefits in medicine for the treatment of ovarian, lung, breast, esophageal, hepatic, colorectal, pancreatic and neck squamous cancer. Methods: The present work summarized the health-beneficial aspects of moscatilin for its effectiveness against numerous kinds of cancerous disorders in medicine. Pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of moscatilin have been analyzed in the present work through available scientific data on Google, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. Results: Scientific data analysis of moscatilin signified their therapeutic effectiveness against ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatic cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, neck squamous cell cancer, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Further, moscatilin has a significant effect on inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic neuropathy, and retinal ischemia. However, analytical data on moscatilin were also discussed in the present work in order to know the effective separation, isolation and identification of moscatilin. Conclusion: Scientific information on moscatilin presented in this work will be helpful to all scientific people to understand the biological importance and therapeutic potential of moscatilin in medicine.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135944598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Cancer is a condition in which aberrant cells continue to divide uncontrollably, causing tissue to be destroyed. Different cancer stages have been identified by researchers, suggesting that a number of gene alterations are involved in the etiology of cancer. Unusual cell proliferation is brought on by these gene alterations. A crucial role in the acceleration of cell proliferation is played by genetic diseases brought on by heredity or hereditary factors. Its diagnosis and treatment have historically been regarded as two of the most important and significant clinical concerns. Depending on the nature and stage of the tumor, numerous ways to its corrective therapy have been established. Numerous biomolecules derived from plants are crucial for the treatment of the disease. In this review, we focus on specific aspects to give a brief overview of the major problems, including their etiology, therapies that are available, herbal alternates, available vaccines and relevant biomarkers. It was felt that much work needs to be done on combination therapy development and platform optimization.
{"title":"Multifaceted Understandings of Cancer: A Review of Disease Mechanisms and Therapies","authors":"Rashmi Saxena Pal, Yogendra Pal, MVNL Chaitanya, Malakapogu Ravindra babu, Rupa Mazumder, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733947261646231006045929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947261646231006045929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer is a condition in which aberrant cells continue to divide uncontrollably, causing tissue to be destroyed. Different cancer stages have been identified by researchers, suggesting that a number of gene alterations are involved in the etiology of cancer. Unusual cell proliferation is brought on by these gene alterations. A crucial role in the acceleration of cell proliferation is played by genetic diseases brought on by heredity or hereditary factors. Its diagnosis and treatment have historically been regarded as two of the most important and significant clinical concerns. Depending on the nature and stage of the tumor, numerous ways to its corrective therapy have been established. Numerous biomolecules derived from plants are crucial for the treatment of the disease. In this review, we focus on specific aspects to give a brief overview of the major problems, including their etiology, therapies that are available, herbal alternates, available vaccines and relevant biomarkers. It was felt that much work needs to be done on combination therapy development and platform optimization.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.2174/0115733947259130231003044741
Sajjad Ahmadpour, Mohammad Amin Habibi, Mohammad Reza Pashaei, Yousef Mohammadpour, Kimia Jazi, Mehdi Pezeshgi Modarres
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the incidence of CRC seems to increase gradually. The survival of CRC varies in different countries, attributed to the screening program. Generally, diagnostic approaches for CRC can be divided into visual detection methods and laboratory methods. Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and computed tomography colonography are considered visual methods widely used in cancer detection. Although visual methods provide some benefits, some disadvantages such as late detection, are present, making them useless in rapidly progressing CRC patients. On the other hand, laboratory tests are developed to compensate for the disadvantages of visual methods. More recent progression in laboratory tests makes them able to superfine detection of CRC. For instance, molecular and genetic methods based on the components of cancer cells, like nucleic acid and proteins, can prognosticate further cancer development in susceptible patients. Alongside new therapeutic approaches developed within decades, the number of CRC detection methods has increased, which aims to reduce the duration between cancer initiation and detection. This review sought to survey the CRC detection methods, including conventional and recently-developed methods, to provide better insight into CRC screening.
{"title":"Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: Conventional Techniques and Current Biomarkers","authors":"Sajjad Ahmadpour, Mohammad Amin Habibi, Mohammad Reza Pashaei, Yousef Mohammadpour, Kimia Jazi, Mehdi Pezeshgi Modarres","doi":"10.2174/0115733947259130231003044741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947259130231003044741","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the incidence of CRC seems to increase gradually. The survival of CRC varies in different countries, attributed to the screening program. Generally, diagnostic approaches for CRC can be divided into visual detection methods and laboratory methods. Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and computed tomography colonography are considered visual methods widely used in cancer detection. Although visual methods provide some benefits, some disadvantages such as late detection, are present, making them useless in rapidly progressing CRC patients. On the other hand, laboratory tests are developed to compensate for the disadvantages of visual methods. More recent progression in laboratory tests makes them able to superfine detection of CRC. For instance, molecular and genetic methods based on the components of cancer cells, like nucleic acid and proteins, can prognosticate further cancer development in susceptible patients. Alongside new therapeutic approaches developed within decades, the number of CRC detection methods has increased, which aims to reduce the duration between cancer initiation and detection. This review sought to survey the CRC detection methods, including conventional and recently-developed methods, to provide better insight into CRC screening.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.2174/0115733947263244231002042219
Israel Lara-Vega
Background: Melanoma, known for its high metastatic potential, does not respond well to existing treatments in advanced stages. As a solution, immunotherapy-based treatments, including anti-PD-1/L1 and anti-CTLA-4, have been developed and evaluated in preclinical mouse models to overcome resistance. Although these treatments display the potential to suppress tumor growth, there remains a crucial requirement for a thorough assessment of long-term efficacy in preventing metastasis or recurrence and improving survival rates. Methods: From 2016 onwards, a thorough examination of combined immunotherapies for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma in preclinical mouse models was conducted. The search was conducted using MeSH Terms algorithms in PubMed®, resulting in the identification of forty-five studies that met the rigorous inclusion criteria for screening. Results: The C57 mouse model bearing B16-melanoma has been widely utilized to assess the efficacy of immunotherapies. The combination of therapies has demonstrated a synergistic impact, leading to potent antitumor activity. One extensively studied method for establishing metastatic models involves the intravenous administration of malignant cells, with several combined therapies under investigation. The primary focus of evaluation has been on combined immunotherapies utilizing PD1/L1 and CTLA-4 blockade, although alternative immunotherapies not involving PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 blockade have also been identified. Additionally, the review provides detailed treatment regimens for each combined approach. Conclusion: The identification of techniques for generating simulated models of metastatic melanoma and investigating various therapeutic combinations will greatly aid in evaluating the overall systemic efficacy of immunotherapy. This will be especially valuable for conducting short-term preclinical experiments that have the potential for clinical studies.
{"title":"Upgrading Melanoma Treatment: Promising Immunotherapies Combinations in the Preclinical Mouse Model","authors":"Israel Lara-Vega","doi":"10.2174/0115733947263244231002042219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947263244231002042219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melanoma, known for its high metastatic potential, does not respond well to existing treatments in advanced stages. As a solution, immunotherapy-based treatments, including anti-PD-1/L1 and anti-CTLA-4, have been developed and evaluated in preclinical mouse models to overcome resistance. Although these treatments display the potential to suppress tumor growth, there remains a crucial requirement for a thorough assessment of long-term efficacy in preventing metastasis or recurrence and improving survival rates. Methods: From 2016 onwards, a thorough examination of combined immunotherapies for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma in preclinical mouse models was conducted. The search was conducted using MeSH Terms algorithms in PubMed®, resulting in the identification of forty-five studies that met the rigorous inclusion criteria for screening. Results: The C57 mouse model bearing B16-melanoma has been widely utilized to assess the efficacy of immunotherapies. The combination of therapies has demonstrated a synergistic impact, leading to potent antitumor activity. One extensively studied method for establishing metastatic models involves the intravenous administration of malignant cells, with several combined therapies under investigation. The primary focus of evaluation has been on combined immunotherapies utilizing PD1/L1 and CTLA-4 blockade, although alternative immunotherapies not involving PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 blockade have also been identified. Additionally, the review provides detailed treatment regimens for each combined approach. Conclusion: The identification of techniques for generating simulated models of metastatic melanoma and investigating various therapeutic combinations will greatly aid in evaluating the overall systemic efficacy of immunotherapy. This will be especially valuable for conducting short-term preclinical experiments that have the potential for clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136015158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photosensitizers (PS) are effective in treating a wide range of tumours using the timetested technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Light has been employed for centuries as a curative modality due to its efficacy. Since the effects of using certain dyes in conjunction with light irradiation were first proven around the turn of the 20th century, new PDT methods have been created. Current research focuses mostly on methods to lessen or eliminate unwanted side effects and enhance the drug's pharmacokinetic qualities. The FDA's decision to approve PDT as the first drug/device combo is not surprising, given the widespread curiosity and volume of published material on the subject. In PDT, light energy is combined with a PS to destroy tumour cells after its activation by light. In comparison to chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, PDT often has fewer adverse effects and is safer. Several different PSs may be used to diagnose tumours, in addition to their therapeutic use. Photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) is the term used to describe methods like these. In this review, we present a high-level introduction to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of PDT in cancer. The need of developing predictors to determine the response to therapy will be explored in relation to the assessment of PDT therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic. The use of PDT to treat different tumours will also be shown through case studies. The potential of combining PDT with other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy, to increase efficacy against tumours will also be highlighted. Results from PDT alone may not be as good as those from PDT combined with other therapies. It's also possible that lower dosages used in combination therapy will have fewer adverse effects and provide better outcomes than each individual treatment would. It is possible that the therapeutic uses of PDT might be broadened by a greater knowledge of the efficacy of PDT in a combination context in the clinic, as well as the optimisation of such complicated multimodal therapies.
{"title":"Management of Cancer using Photodynamic Therapy: Advancement and Applications","authors":"Deepika Yadav, Pramod Sharma, Prem Mishra, Rishabha Malviya","doi":"10.2174/0115733947239258231003091058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947239258231003091058","url":null,"abstract":"Photosensitizers (PS) are effective in treating a wide range of tumours using the timetested technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Light has been employed for centuries as a curative modality due to its efficacy. Since the effects of using certain dyes in conjunction with light irradiation were first proven around the turn of the 20th century, new PDT methods have been created. Current research focuses mostly on methods to lessen or eliminate unwanted side effects and enhance the drug's pharmacokinetic qualities. The FDA's decision to approve PDT as the first drug/device combo is not surprising, given the widespread curiosity and volume of published material on the subject. In PDT, light energy is combined with a PS to destroy tumour cells after its activation by light. In comparison to chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, PDT often has fewer adverse effects and is safer. Several different PSs may be used to diagnose tumours, in addition to their therapeutic use. Photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) is the term used to describe methods like these. In this review, we present a high-level introduction to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of PDT in cancer. The need of developing predictors to determine the response to therapy will be explored in relation to the assessment of PDT therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic. The use of PDT to treat different tumours will also be shown through case studies. The potential of combining PDT with other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy, to increase efficacy against tumours will also be highlighted. Results from PDT alone may not be as good as those from PDT combined with other therapies. It's also possible that lower dosages used in combination therapy will have fewer adverse effects and provide better outcomes than each individual treatment would. It is possible that the therapeutic uses of PDT might be broadened by a greater knowledge of the efficacy of PDT in a combination context in the clinic, as well as the optimisation of such complicated multimodal therapies.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.2174/0115733947242447231003035334
Chetan Singh Chauhan, Akash Garg, Rutvi Agrawal
Abstract: Cancer is one of the fatal diseases leading to a high mortality rate. The conventional formulations available for the treatment of cancer are associated with several drawbacks. The major ones are increased side effects due to improper tumor selectivity, metastasis of cancer cells and development of multi-drug resistance to available chemotherapeutic drugs. The development of nanobased formulations for the treatment of cancer has been found to be beneficial up to a great extent. Mesoporous Silica nanoparticles are one of the nanotechnology-based formulations that could overcome major disadvantages associated with conventional therapy, such as metastasis, multi-drug resistance and side effects to normal cells. MSN-based nanoformulations could provide dual therapeutic effects against cancer cells. Due to their small size and large surface, which could be functionalized by using different targeting and therapeutic moieties, they provide targeted and enhanced drug delivery. This review highlights Mesoporous silica nanoparticles along with their properties, drug encapsulation and various applications in drug delivery, such as multi-targeting strategy, and multimodal combined therapy by using ultrasound, photodynamic etc. In the future, MSN-based nanomedicines could be used to develop other innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
{"title":"An Insight into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Ray of Hope for Cancer Management","authors":"Chetan Singh Chauhan, Akash Garg, Rutvi Agrawal","doi":"10.2174/0115733947242447231003035334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947242447231003035334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer is one of the fatal diseases leading to a high mortality rate. The conventional formulations available for the treatment of cancer are associated with several drawbacks. The major ones are increased side effects due to improper tumor selectivity, metastasis of cancer cells and development of multi-drug resistance to available chemotherapeutic drugs. The development of nanobased formulations for the treatment of cancer has been found to be beneficial up to a great extent. Mesoporous Silica nanoparticles are one of the nanotechnology-based formulations that could overcome major disadvantages associated with conventional therapy, such as metastasis, multi-drug resistance and side effects to normal cells. MSN-based nanoformulations could provide dual therapeutic effects against cancer cells. Due to their small size and large surface, which could be functionalized by using different targeting and therapeutic moieties, they provide targeted and enhanced drug delivery. This review highlights Mesoporous silica nanoparticles along with their properties, drug encapsulation and various applications in drug delivery, such as multi-targeting strategy, and multimodal combined therapy by using ultrasound, photodynamic etc. In the future, MSN-based nanomedicines could be used to develop other innovative strategies for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapeutic cancer therapy; however, development of resistance typically makes it less effective. There are continuous efforts by the researchers to find novel lead compounds with potent anti-cancer activity. Generally, synthetic or natural heterocyclic compounds have been investigated in detail as a scaffold for cancer therapeutics. Among them, indole owing to its unique physiochemical and biological properties provides a promising platform for the development of pharmacaphore for drugs development against cancer, acting via various mechanisms. Till now, several indole based derivatives have been identified as anti-cancer agents which are either being used in clinics or are in various phases of clinical trials, suggesting their importance in anti-cancer drug development. These anti-cancer drugs have been classified into different classes depending upon their mechanism of action. For example, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT) inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors, proviral insertion site in moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) inhibitors, DNA Topoisomerase inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors. In this review, the authors approach is to compile the recent development on indole-based anti-cancer drugs and provide an insight into the respective structure activity relationships (SARs) of the compounds. We hope the review will provide a thorough understanding to the reader and guide to develop novel and potent indole based anticancer agents against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer in future.
{"title":"A Review on Indole as a Cardinal Scaffold for Anticancer Drugs Development","authors":"Meenakshi Rana, Rajeev Ranjan, Niladry Sekhar Ghosh, Ranjit Singh, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733947249518231001001728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947249518231001001728","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapeutic cancer therapy; however, development of resistance typically makes it less effective. There are continuous efforts by the researchers to find novel lead compounds with potent anti-cancer activity. Generally, synthetic or natural heterocyclic compounds have been investigated in detail as a scaffold for cancer therapeutics. Among them, indole owing to its unique physiochemical and biological properties provides a promising platform for the development of pharmacaphore for drugs development against cancer, acting via various mechanisms. Till now, several indole based derivatives have been identified as anti-cancer agents which are either being used in clinics or are in various phases of clinical trials, suggesting their importance in anti-cancer drug development. These anti-cancer drugs have been classified into different classes depending upon their mechanism of action. For example, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT) inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors, proviral insertion site in moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) inhibitors, DNA Topoisomerase inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors. In this review, the authors approach is to compile the recent development on indole-based anti-cancer drugs and provide an insight into the respective structure activity relationships (SARs) of the compounds. We hope the review will provide a thorough understanding to the reader and guide to develop novel and potent indole based anticancer agents against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer in future.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
aims: . This research aims to determine the short-term impact of vitamin D and E on the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells before comparing them with normal breast cells. background: Several investigations have demonstrated that vitamins can be used to treat or prevent cancer by altering actin filaments, inhibiting cell migration and cancer cell proliferation. Vitamins D and E are fat-soluble objective: MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells method: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine the deformation of MCF-10 normal breast cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 0.03 μM vitamin D and 16 μM vitamin E solutions. Young's modulus was calculated employing the Hertz model to determine cell stiffness. result: The Young's modulus of vitamin D-treated cancer cells (585.8 Pa) was substantially similar to that of normal cells (455.6 Pa). Nevertheless, vitamin E treatment had no effect on Young's modulus of cancer cells, which remained remarkably similar to that of untreated cancer cells (216.6 and 203.4 Pa, respectively). conclusion: Despite vitamin E, vitamin D enhances the stiffness of tumor cells and makes their mechanical properties similar to normal cells by interfering with actin filaments and cell skeletons, which may inhibit tumor cell migration. other: According to these findings, vitamin D appears to be an effective drug for cancer treatment.
{"title":"Effects of Vitamins E and D on Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancerous Cells","authors":"Armin Jarahi Khameneh, Dornaz Milani, Nasibeh Babaei, Negin Hannani, Ashkan Heydarian, Hossein Sahbafar","doi":"10.2174/0115733947265982230929154843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733947265982230929154843","url":null,"abstract":"aims: . This research aims to determine the short-term impact of vitamin D and E on the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells before comparing them with normal breast cells. background: Several investigations have demonstrated that vitamins can be used to treat or prevent cancer by altering actin filaments, inhibiting cell migration and cancer cell proliferation. Vitamins D and E are fat-soluble objective: MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells method: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine the deformation of MCF-10 normal breast cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 0.03 μM vitamin D and 16 μM vitamin E solutions. Young's modulus was calculated employing the Hertz model to determine cell stiffness. result: The Young's modulus of vitamin D-treated cancer cells (585.8 Pa) was substantially similar to that of normal cells (455.6 Pa). Nevertheless, vitamin E treatment had no effect on Young's modulus of cancer cells, which remained remarkably similar to that of untreated cancer cells (216.6 and 203.4 Pa, respectively). conclusion: Despite vitamin E, vitamin D enhances the stiffness of tumor cells and makes their mechanical properties similar to normal cells by interfering with actin filaments and cell skeletons, which may inhibit tumor cell migration. other: According to these findings, vitamin D appears to be an effective drug for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":43754,"journal":{"name":"Current Cancer Therapy Reviews","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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