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Die Behandlung der Wortarten in Wörterbüchern zur Lexikographie 研究字典字典中不同的词汇
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-1-1717
Monika Bielińska
The Treatment of Parts of Speech in Dictionaries of Lexicography. The aim of the article is to present and analyse how three dictionaries of lexicography, i.e. Lexicog­raphy. A Dictionary of Basic Terminology (1998) by Igor Burkhanov, Dictionary of Lexicography (2001) by Reinhard R.K. Hartmann and Gregory James and Wörterbuch zur Lexikographie und Wörterbuch­forschung/Dictionary of Lexicography and Dictionary Research (2010–2020) by Herbert Ernst Wiegand et al., treat parts of speech. It is examined whether the entries contain only grammatical or also lexi­cog­raphy-related information. Then, the interconnectedness of the articles on parts of speech and other lexicographic content is scrutinised. Subsequently, entries with lexicography-related infor­mation are examined qualitatively. The article concludes with some general remarks on the description of lexicography-external terms in dictionaries of lexicography. The author postulates that both the part-of-speech articles and all other entries on terms from outside lexicography, e.g. from the field of linguistics, contain lexicographic information. It is not the function of these articles to replace analogous articles from specialised dictionaries on the disciplines concerned, and to offer the same content. In dictionaries on lexicography, lexicography should always be the focus and shape the descriptive perspective. Keywords: lexicography, linguistics, linguistic terminology, lexi­co­graphical terminology, grammar, part of speech, specialised dic­tionary, dictionary of lexicography, dictionary evaluation
词典编纂中词性的处理。本文的目的是介绍和分析三种词典编纂,即词典学。Igor Burkhanov的基本术语词典(1998),Reinhard R.K. Hartmann和Gregory James的词典(2001)和Wörterbuch zur lexkographie und Wörterbuch-forschung / Herbert Ernst Wiegand等人的词典和词典研究词典(2010-2020),处理词性。检查条目是否只包含语法或也包含与词汇相关的信息。然后,对词性和其他词典内容的文章的相互联系进行审查。随后,对具有词典编纂相关信息的条目进行定性检查。文章最后对词典编纂词典中词典外部术语的描述作了一般性评述。作者假设词性冠词和所有其他来自词典编纂之外的词条,例如语言学领域的词条,都包含词典编纂的信息。这些文章的功能不在于取代有关学科的专门词典中的类似文章,也不在于提供相同的内容。在词典编纂研究中,词典编纂应始终是研究的重点,塑造描述视角。关键词:词典编纂,语言学,语言学术语,词典编纂术语,语法,词性,专业词典,词典编纂词典,词典评价
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引用次数: 0
Improving the Compilation of English–Chinese Children's Dictionaries: A Children's Cognitive Perspective 从儿童认知的角度改进英汉儿童词典的编写
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-1-1681
Dan Zhao, Hai Xu
hildren's dictionaries have existed for more than one thousand years in China, and play an important role in children's learning. However, many of those produced in China are defi­cient in the selection of the wordlist, in exemplification, and in definition. This paper aims at improving the compilation of English–Chinese children's dictionaries (ECCDs) from a children's cognitive perspective. Children's dictionaries should not only be an abridgement or simplification of dictionaries for adults, because their target user group is immature, uninformed and untrained children. Informed by some innovations in current English learner's dictionaries, this paper pro­poses that the making of ECCDs needs to be improved in the following aspects. Firstly, instead of lexicographers' intuition, the selection of headwords should be based on an English corpus for Chinese children. Secondly, the words used in examples should be congruent with children's lim­ited cognitive and learning abilities. Thirdly, a multifaceted method of explanation should be pro­vided in order to assist children in understanding the meaning of headwords. Keywords: English–Chinese children's dictionaries, user focus, chil­dren's corpus, headwords, children's cognitive ability, illustrations, examples
儿童词典在中国已有一千多年的历史,在儿童的学习中起着重要的作用。然而,中国的许多词典在词表的选择、例证和定义上都存在不足。本文旨在从儿童认知的角度对英汉儿童词典的编写进行改进。儿童词典不应该仅仅是成人词典的删节或简化,因为他们的目标用户群体是不成熟的、不知情的和未受过训练的儿童。根据当前英语学习词典的一些创新,本文提出了英语学习词典的制作需要在以下几个方面进行改进。首先,词头词的选择应基于中国儿童英语语料库,而不是词典编纂者的直觉。其次,例句中使用的词语应符合儿童有限的认知和学习能力。第三,应提供多方面的解释方法,以帮助儿童理解标题词的含义。关键词:英汉儿童词典,用户焦点,儿童语料库,头词,儿童认知能力,插图,例句
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引用次数: 0
Corpus-based Headword Selection Procedures for LSP Word Lists and LSP Dictionaries 基于语料库的LSP词表和LSP字典的词头选择过程
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-1-1713
Milica Vuković-Stamatović, Branka Živković
In compiling both Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) word lists for foreign language learners and LSP dictionaries, the headword-selection process is of paramount importance. LSP word lists and LSP dictionaries will function effectively if they contain appropriate terms and register items, i.e. the lexical items that end users need. In this paper, we first present corpus-based LSP word lists, with special emphasis on how they were compiled. In the process, the make-up and size of the specialised corpus are important, as is the choice of the headword selection methods used. Among the possible criteria are word frequency, keyness, specialised occurrence, range, and dispersion, as well as some non-corpus linguistic methods that are more rarely applied. A greater variety of methods is used for compiling headword lists for LSP dictionaries, and of the corpus linguistic methods, frequency is typically solely applied. The article compares headword selection procedures for LSP word lists and LSP dictionaries before discussing how they can mutually inform one another.
在编写面向外语学习者的特殊用途语言(LSP)单词表和LSP词典时,标题选择过程是至关重要的。如果LSP词表和LSP字典包含合适的术语和注册项,即最终用户需要的词汇项,则可以有效地发挥作用。在本文中,我们首先提出了基于语料库的LSP词表,特别强调了它们是如何编译的。在此过程中,专业语料库的组成和大小很重要,所使用的词首选择方法的选择也很重要。可能的标准包括词频、关键字、特殊出现、范围和分散,以及一些很少使用的非语料库语言学方法。为LSP字典编制词目表的方法多种多样,在语料库语言学方法中,频率通常是单独应用的。本文比较了LSP词表和LSP字典的词头选择过程,然后讨论了它们如何相互通知。
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引用次数: 1
Wat beteken B(b)oer in 2022? 2022年B(B)是什么意思?
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-3-1737
Marné Pienaar
What is the Meaning of B(b)oer in 2022? This article investigates the meaning of the words Boer and boer in Afrikaans. The study is the result of an incident in 2015 when the Afrikaans Language Commission considered the possibility of omitting the word Boer from the Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls. The rationale was that other race sensitive items, such as hotnot, kaffer and koelie, had been scrapped from the word list long ago. The proposal to omit Boer created havoc. In the following discussion, the encyclopaedic approach to meaning is used to determine what Boer and boer currently mean. An investigation into the lexical meaning of these two words is supplemented by highlighting one of the assumptions of the encyclopaedic approach to meaning, namely that encyclopaedic knowledge is dynamic in nature and furthermore that meaning is always constructed in the context of use. The current day use and meanings of Boer and boer are indicated via examples from newspaper articles, literary texts, lyrics, a brand name as well as the corpus of the Language Commission. A radiating lattice diagram for the words Boer and boer is provided to show how the various meanings of the words are related to one another and how they form a polysemous semantic network. Keywords: boer, encyclopaedic approach, polysemy, radiating lattice diagram, semantics
2022年B(B) over意味着什么?本文探讨了布尔和布尔这两个词在南非荷兰语中的含义。这项研究是2015年南非荷兰语委员会考虑从南非荷兰语中删除“布尔”(Boer)一词的可能性的结果。省略布尔的提议造成了严重破坏。在接下来的讨论中,百科全书式的意义分析方法被用来确定布尔语和布尔语目前的含义。在对这两个词的词汇意义进行调查的同时,还强调了百科全书式的意义研究方法的一个假设,即百科全书式的知识本质上是动态的,而且意义总是在使用的语境中构建的。通过报纸文章、文学文本、歌词、品牌名称以及语言委员会的语料库中的例子,可以说明布尔语和布尔语的当前用法和含义。提供了单词Boer和Boer的辐射晶格图,以显示单词的各种含义如何相互关联以及它们如何形成多义词语义网络。关键词:波尔,百科全书式方法,一词多义,辐射格图,语义
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引用次数: 0
Aspekte van vernuwing in die Afrikaanse leksikografie: Standaard- en pedagogiese woordeboeke as barometer 非洲讲座改革:标准和教学词汇作为晴雨表
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-3-1730
H. L. Beyer, P. Louw
Innovative Aspects of Afrikaans Lexicography: Standard and Pedagogical Dictionaries as Barometer. The aim of this contribution is to offer an overview of the areas of most significant innovation in the Afrikaans lexicography over the past two decades, with specific reference to standard and pedagogical dictionaries, since they represent the typological categories in which most development is visible. However, reference will also be made to other dictionary types and contexts where relevant. Firstly, the current state of affairs with regard to the Afrikaans lexicography will be outlined in terms of existing lexicographic products. Secondly, some comments will be offered on the professionalisation of Afrikaans lexicography — a topic which has not really been dealt with in metalexicographical research. The roles of the Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and commercial dictionary publishers will also be highlighted. Thereafter, secondary and specific lexicographic processes will be discussed, with reference to corpus lexicography and lemma selection, macrostructural innovation, and microstructural innovation. The discussion of the latter will include integrated microstructures in bilingual dictionaries, lexicographic definitions in monolingual dictionaries, cotext entries, and aspects of grammatical data. The state of affairs and future of the Afrikaans e-lexicography will also be addressed. Finally, some comments on special dictionaries will be offered. Keywords: commercial lexicography, corpus lexicography, e-lexicography, explanatory dictionary, lexicographic definition, macrostructure, microstructure, pedagogical lexicography, school dictionary, translation dictionary
南非荷兰语词典编纂的创新方面:标准和教学词典作为晴雨表。这一贡献的目的是提供最重要的创新领域的概述在南非荷兰语词典编纂在过去的二十年,具体参考标准和教学词典,因为他们代表的类型类别,其中大多数发展是可见的。但是,也将参考其他相关的字典类型和上下文。首先,关于南非荷兰语词典编纂的现状将在现有词典编纂产品方面进行概述。其次,将提供一些关于南非荷兰语词典编纂专业化的评论-这是一个在元词典编纂研究中尚未真正处理的主题。南非荷兰语和商业词典出版商的作用也将得到强调。随后,将讨论二级和具体的词典编纂过程,包括语料库词典编纂和引理选择、宏观结构创新和微观结构创新。对后者的讨论将包括双语词典中的综合微观结构、单语词典中的词典定义、上下文条目和语法数据的各个方面。南非荷兰语电子词典编纂的现状和未来也将被讨论。最后,对一些特殊的词典将提供一些评论。关键词:商业词典,语料库词典,电子词典,解释性词典,词典定义,宏观结构,微观结构,教学词典,学校词典,翻译词典
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引用次数: 0
How Great is thy Dictionary? Cross-referencing as a Lexicographic Device in The Greater Dictionary of (isi)Xhosa 你的字典有多好?《科萨语大词典》中作为词典编纂手段的交叉引用
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5788/32-3-1736
D. Nkomo, Bulelwa Nosilela, Wanga Gambushe
Inspired by Willem Botha's reflections on the compilation of the multi-volume Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT) in Botha (1994; 2005), this study offers a critical evaluation of cross-referencing in The Greater Dictionary of (isi)Xhosa, henceforth the GDX. The GDX is a tri-volume dictionary, possibly the biggest dictionary, not only in isiXhosa, but in African languages. The evaluation of the dictionary is guided by the notion of cross-reference conditions or cross-reference prerequisites to identify cross-references used in the GDX, analyse the relations revealed by cross-referencing and the effectiveness of the entire mediostructural organisation of the dictionary. The article notes that cross-referencing in the GDX seems to be guided by a generally well-conceived set of guidelines which were largely followed meticulously. Consistency generally prevails in the treatment of similar lexical items and even across the different volumes of the dictionary. Some cross-referencing aspects that could be improved were identified. However, it was noted that most of them would be easily addressed in the prospective digitisation project of the GDX. Keywords: cross-reference, cross-referencing, cross-reference conditions, cross-reference prerequisites, data distribution structure, dictionary structure, isiXhosa lexicography, mediostructure
灵感来自威廉·博塔对汇编多卷本《南非荷兰语手册》(WAT)的反思(1994年);2005年),这项研究提供了一个关键的评估交叉引用(isi)科萨语大词典,从此GDX。GDX是一本三卷本的字典,可能是最大的字典,不仅包括伊西科萨语,而且包括非洲语言。词典的评估以交叉引用条件或交叉引用先决条件的概念为指导,以确定GDX中使用的交叉引用,分析交叉引用所揭示的关系以及字典整个中介结构组织的有效性。文章指出,GDX中的交叉引用似乎是由一套总体上构思良好的指导方针指导的,这些指导方针在很大程度上是精心遵循的。一致性通常在处理相似的词汇项时盛行,甚至在字典的不同卷中也是如此。确定了一些可以改进的交叉引用方面。然而,有人指出,其中大多数问题将很容易在GDX的未来数字化项目中得到解决。关键词:交叉引用,交叉引用,交叉引用条件,交叉引用前提,数据分布结构,字典结构,isiXhosa词典编纂,媒介结构
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引用次数: 1
Fostering Learners' Online Dictionary Skills through Active Dictionary Rubrics 通过主动词典评价培养学习者的在线词典技能
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.5788/31-1-1663
M. Campoy-Cubillo
This article aims to explore new ways to improve dictionary skills for language learners by promoting the use of active dictionary rubrics. It also tries to get a deeper understanding on how students perceive dictionaries before and after this type of training in dictionary use. To this end, a total of 75 students participated in the study and answered a questionnaire on dictionary use previous to the experiment. A second questionnaire was delivered after the instruction period to compare the users' perception of dictionary affordances. A mixed-method approach is used to collect quantitative and qualitative data via both questionnaires. This study reports on students' dictionary content awareness and how this awareness may increase by creating a habit in dictionary use routines. Keywords: dictionary use, dictionary users, dictionary rubrics, English Language Teaching (ELT), dictionary skills, online dictionaries, dictionary consultation, writing skills, learners' dictionaries, dictionary use training
本文旨在探索通过促进使用主动词典量规来提高语言学习者词典技能的新方法。它还试图更深入地了解学生在接受此类词典使用培训前后对词典的看法。为此,共有75名学生参与了这项研究,并在实验前回答了一份关于词典使用的问卷。第二份问卷在教学结束后进行,以比较用户对词典可供性的感知。采用混合方法通过两份问卷收集定量和定性数据。这项研究报告了学生的词典内容意识,以及如何通过养成词典使用习惯来提高这种意识。关键词:词典使用、词典使用者、词典量规、英语教学、词典技能、在线词典、词典咨询、写作技能、学习者词典、词典使用培训
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引用次数: 0
Another isiXhosa Monolingual Dictionary: A Critical Analysis of the Shuters IsiChazi-magama SesiXhosa 另一部单语词典——对《科萨舒特斯词典》的批判性分析
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.5788/31-1-1658
D. Nkomo
This article offers a critical analysis and evaluation of the Shuters IsiChazi-magama SesiXhosa , the second monolingual dictionary in the history of isiXhosa. The analysis draws theoretical and methodological insights from dictionary criticism as a domain of metalexicography and analyses the dictionary in view of existing dictionaries in the language, especially the first monolingual dictionary published under the auspices of the IsiXhosa National Lexicography Unit (XNLU) a decade earlier. Concise paraphrases of meaning are identified as the major strength of this dictionary when compared to its XNLU predecessor. However, inconsistent provision of microstructural entries, an imbalanced macrostructure and a non-integrated front matter reduce the user-friendliness of the dictionary. Nevertheless, another dictionary in isiXhosa produced without the involvement of a National Lexicography Unit is welcome towards the intellectualisation of African languages.
本文对舒特尔斯语史上第二部单语词典《伊西科萨》进行了批判性的分析和评价。该分析从作为元词典学领域的词典批评中汲取了理论和方法上的见解,并根据该语言中现有的词典,特别是十年前在伊西科萨国家词典编纂单位(XNLU)主持下出版的第一本单语词典,对词典进行了分析。与XNLU的前代词典相比,简明的释义被认为是本词典的主要优势。然而,微观结构条目的不一致性、不平衡的宏观结构和不整合的前沿问题降低了词典的用户友好性。尽管如此,在没有国家词典编纂单位参与的情况下制作的另一本伊西科萨词典对非洲语言的智能化是受欢迎的。
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引用次数: 0
W.F. Botha (Hoofredakteur). Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Sestiende Deel: SRP–SZONDITOETS. W.F.博塔。《非洲语言词典》,第六节:SRP–SZONDITOETS。
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.5788/31-1-1657
E. Kotzé
Review of W.F. Botha (Hoofredakteur). Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Sestiende Deel: SRP–SZONDITOETS.
W.F.博塔评论。《非洲语言词典》,第六节:SRP–SZONDITOETS。
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引用次数: 0
Lexicographic Data Boxes Part 3: Aspects of Data Boxes in Bilingual Dictionaries and a Perspective on Current and Future Data Boxes 词典编纂数据框第3部分:双语词典中数据框的各个方面以及对当前和未来数据框的看法
IF 0.4 2区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.5788/31-1-1653
R. Gouws, D. Prinsloo
This article, the third in a series of three on lexicographic data boxes, firstly focuses on a number of aspects of data boxes in bilingual dictionaries with the emphasis on different approaches in bilingual dictionaries with an African language as one of the members of the treated language pair. It is not possible to provide a comprehensive discussion within the limitations of an article. Then the discussion proceeds by looking at some new ways of using data boxes in online dictionaries. It is shown that the possibilities of the new medium allow lexicographers to employ data boxes in both traditional and non-traditional ways. It is argued that data boxes are expected to fulfil a variety of purposes ranging from navigational information and the provision of salient information to giving access to relevant data in dictionary-internal and dictionary-external sources. Lexicographers of online dictionaries have introduced new ways of using data boxes that have not yet been fully discussed in metalexicographic literature. This article gives an identification and a brief discussion of some of these innovative uses of data boxes. It stresses the potential that the online environment offers lexicography. Practical and theoretical lexicographers need to be aware of these possibilities and challenges. By embarking on a more comprehensive use of data boxes dictionaries can become even better containers of knowledge and can serve their users in an optimal way.
本文是关于词典编纂数据盒的三篇系列文章中的第三篇,首先关注双语词典中数据盒的一些方面,重点介绍了将非洲语言作为所处理语言对成员之一的双语词典中的不同方法。在一篇文章的限制范围内提供全面的讨论是不可能的。然后讨论了在线词典中使用数据框的一些新方法。它表明,新媒体的可能性允许词典编纂者以传统和非传统的方式使用数据盒。有人认为,数据框应该满足各种各样的目的,从导航信息和提供重要信息到访问字典内部和字典外部来源中的相关数据。在线词典的词典编纂者已经引入了使用数据盒的新方法,这些方法尚未在元词典学文献中得到充分讨论。本文对数据框的一些创新用途进行了识别和简要讨论。它强调了在线环境提供词典编纂的潜力。实践和理论词典编纂者需要意识到这些可能性和挑战。通过更全面地使用数据盒,字典可以成为更好的知识容器,并以最佳方式为用户服务。
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引用次数: 1
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Lexikos
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