This article focuses on various aspects regarding contextualization when e-texts are linked to integrated dictionaries. The article responds to a twofold problem statement: (1) Dictionaries linked to e-texts do not sufficiently take into account the contextualization and cotextualization of words when providing information to users. (2) The integrated dictionary may contain the items needed for contextualization and cotextualization, but the e-device cannot interpret the context of a word and link the word to the relevant item in the dictionary article. The aim of the article is to show the need of linking a word from a text on an e-device to the correct sense in the integrated dictionary. This presupposes dynamic dictionary articles and lexicographic structures in which a relation between words in an e-text and user-specified lexicographic sources is established. Some existing projects that perform such linking are discussed and evaluated. Based on these results this article makes some suggestions. It is foreseen that there will be a "black box" of software between the selected word and the dictionary that will determine the correct lemma and sense to be selected from the e-dictionary. Having discussed various alternatives, the article suggests parallel contextualization between the dictionary and the software of the e‑device. Many aspects discussed in this article require further research. Relevant proposals are made with regard to this research. Keywords: context, contextualization, cotext, dictionary consultation, e-device, e-reader, e-text, integrated dictionary, lexicographic needs, linking, parallel contextualization, text reception
{"title":"Information Needs and Contextualization in the Consultation Process of Dictionaries that are Linked to e-Texts","authors":"T. Bothma, R. Gouws","doi":"10.5788/32-2-1697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-2-1697","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on various aspects regarding contextualization when e-texts are linked to integrated dictionaries. The article responds to a twofold problem statement: (1) Dictionaries linked to e-texts do not sufficiently take into account the contextualization and cotextualization of words when providing information to users. (2) The integrated dictionary may contain the items needed for contextualization and cotextualization, but the e-device cannot interpret the context of a word and link the word to the relevant item in the dictionary article. The aim of the article is to show the need of linking a word from a text on an e-device to the correct sense in the integrated dictionary. This presupposes dynamic dictionary articles and lexicographic structures in which a relation between words in an e-text and user-specified lexicographic sources is established. Some existing projects that perform such linking are discussed and evaluated. Based on these results this article makes some suggestions. It is foreseen that there will be a \"black box\" of software between the selected word and the dictionary that will determine the correct lemma and sense to be selected from the e-dictionary. Having discussed various alternatives, the article suggests parallel contextualization between the dictionary and the software of the e‑device. Many aspects discussed in this article require further research. Relevant proposals are made with regard to this research. Keywords: context, contextualization, cotext, dictionary consultation, e-device, e-reader, e-text, integrated dictionary, lexicographic needs, linking, parallel contextualization, text reception","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial and Temporal Lexicographic Deictic Anchoring. In this contribution attention is given to deixis as it is known in the field of semantics. The transfer of deixis to lexicography is discussed and the concept of lexicographic deictic anchoring is brought to the fore. It is shown how this anchoring can be executed in different ways. Lexicographers need to decide how to employ this procedure in a specific dictionary. Different types of text segments can be used to enable deictic anchoring. These segments that include items, item symbols and item parts are briefly discussed. The main focus of this article is on spatial and temporal lexicographic deictic anchoring. Different deictic markers and anchoring procedures are discussed. In this regard it is shown that dictionaries do not only employ single items but also item complexes and that these item complexes can have a uniform or a hybrid format. It is suggested that successful deictic anchoring often demands that dictionaries should complement a primary anchoring procedure with secondary anchoring procedures. Deictic anchoring is discussed as a multi-phased process. The discussion is illustrated by real examples from dictionaries. Following the discussion suggestions are made for improved procedures of lexicographic deictic anchoring. Keywords: deictic anchoring, hybrid item complex, internally-expanded item, item symbol, lexicographic deictic centre, lexicographic deixis, lexicographic labels, neologisms, primary deictic item, rudimentary deictic anchoring, secondary deictic item
{"title":"Ruimtelike en temporele leksikografiese deiktiese verankering","authors":"R. Gouws","doi":"10.5788/32-3-1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-3-1733","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial and Temporal Lexicographic Deictic Anchoring. In this contribution attention is given to deixis as it is known in the field of semantics. The transfer of deixis to lexicography is discussed and the concept of lexicographic deictic anchoring is brought to the fore. It is shown how this anchoring can be executed in different ways. Lexicographers need to decide how to employ this procedure in a specific dictionary. Different types of text segments can be used to enable deictic anchoring. These segments that include items, item symbols and item parts are briefly discussed. The main focus of this article is on spatial and temporal lexicographic deictic anchoring. Different deictic markers and anchoring procedures are discussed. In this regard it is shown that dictionaries do not only employ single items but also item complexes and that these item complexes can have a uniform or a hybrid format. It is suggested that successful deictic anchoring often demands that dictionaries should complement a primary anchoring procedure with secondary anchoring procedures. Deictic anchoring is discussed as a multi-phased process. The discussion is illustrated by real examples from dictionaries. Following the discussion suggestions are made for improved procedures of lexicographic deictic anchoring. Keywords: deictic anchoring, hybrid item complex, internally-expanded item, item symbol, lexicographic deictic centre, lexicographic deixis, lexicographic labels, neologisms, primary deictic item, rudimentary deictic anchoring, secondary deictic item","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opsomming: Die onderwerp van die artikel is die ontsluitingsmoontlikhede van tesourusgebruik in 'n Afrikaanse taalonderrigkonteks in die skoolklaskamer. Die tesourus is een van die oudste naslaanwerke in die geskiedenis van leksikografie; tog word dit nie in die aantal navorsingsartikels rakende die onderwerp gereflekteer nie. 'n Tesourus blyk nie 'n algemene fokuspunt van leksikografiese navorsing of opvoedkundige leksikografiese navorsing te wees nie. In 'n poging om die gaping in die literatuur te oorbrug, word daar oor die doel en leksikografiese funksie van 'n tesourus besin, veral in 'n taalonderrigkonteks. Die taalonderrigkonteks word vervolgens belig met verwysing na voorgestelde tesourusgebruik in skoolkurrikuladokumente, aangesien dit rigtinggewend is vir onderrigraamwerke in skole. Teksgebaseerde tesourusgebruik in die taalonderrigkonteks word aanbeveel en gemotiveer teen die agtergrond van 'n ondersoek na 'n tesourus en tematiese woordeboekafdelings. Aanbevelings vir enkele verbeterings tot leksikografiese produkte word vanuit 'n opvoedkundige leksikografiese perspektief gemaak ten einde optimale gebruik van 'n tesourus in 'n taalonderrigkonteks te verseker.
摘要：这篇文章的主题是排除同义词库在学校课堂上使用非洲语言的情况。恐怖分子是讲座历史上最古老的煽动物之一；然而，它不会在有关该主题的调查数量中得到管理。Tesourus blyk nie’n algemene fokuspont van leksikografiese navorsing of opvoedkundige leksikigrafiese naviorsing te wees nie。为了验证文献中的差距，重点关注恐怖功能的客观性和词典编纂，尤其是在语言背景下。语言上下文对于学校计算机文档中使用的默认来源很重要，因为它是用于学校字幕的。在语言上下文中使用的基于文本的词库是推荐的，并在来源证明和主题词典部分的背景中删除。从教育讲座的角度提出了对讲座产品进行个人改进的建议，以确保在语言环境中最佳使用资源。
{"title":"Teksgebaseerde tesourusgebruik in 'n Afrikaanse taalonderrigkonteks","authors":"Michele F. van der Merwe","doi":"10.5788/32-1-1715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-1-1715","url":null,"abstract":"Opsomming: Die onderwerp van die artikel is die ontsluitingsmoontlikhede van tesourusgebruik in 'n Afrikaanse taalonderrigkonteks in die skoolklaskamer. Die tesourus is een van die oudste naslaanwerke in die geskiedenis van leksikografie; tog word dit nie in die aantal navorsingsartikels rakende die onderwerp gereflekteer nie. 'n Tesourus blyk nie 'n algemene fokuspunt van leksikografiese navorsing of opvoedkundige leksikografiese navorsing te wees nie. In 'n poging om die gaping in die literatuur te oorbrug, word daar oor die doel en leksikografiese funksie van 'n tesourus besin, veral in 'n taalonderrigkonteks. Die taalonderrigkonteks word vervolgens belig met verwysing na voorgestelde tesourusgebruik in skoolkurrikuladokumente, aangesien dit rigtinggewend is vir onderrigraamwerke in skole. Teksgebaseerde tesourusgebruik in die taalonderrigkonteks word aanbeveel en gemotiveer teen die agtergrond van 'n ondersoek na 'n tesourus en tematiese woordeboekafdelings. Aanbevelings vir enkele verbeterings tot leksikografiese produkte word vanuit 'n opvoedkundige leksikografiese perspektief gemaak ten einde optimale gebruik van 'n tesourus in 'n taalonderrigkonteks te verseker.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71035919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Beginnings of Romanian Multilingual Lexicography: Pragmatic Sources and Cultural Influences. The beginnings of Romanian multilingual lexicography are deeply rooted in the first religious texts translated from Slavonic on the territory of the Romanian Principalities. The first dictionaries were aimed at fulfilling practical needs, being conceived as annexes to Slavonic or translated religious literature circulating at the time on the Romanian territory. This study provides an analysis of the first Romanian lexicographic projects, identifying their prototypes and describing the pragmatic background that these lexicographic initiatives were based on. Many of these works have sadly been lost, while others have been just partially preserved in private libraries. In these conditions, for the reconstruction of the Romanian lexicography belonging to that specific period, we resorted to two categories of sources: the notations and testimonies of the authors of the first lexicographic projects, and studies on the old Romanian lexicography. As they were not based on the rigorous scientific conception of a proper lexicographic school, the first Romanian dictionaries reflect the initiative of some scholars, revealing both their perspective on the role of such lexicographic tools and the stage of development of the Romanian language at the time. Keywords: Romanian lexicography, 16th–17th centuries, multilingual dictionaries, terminology, cultural influences, pragmatic sources
{"title":"Les débuts de la lexicographie multilingue roumaine: ressorts pragmatiques et influences culturelles","authors":"Mihaela Mocanu","doi":"10.5788/32-1-1680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-1-1680","url":null,"abstract":"The Beginnings of Romanian Multilingual Lexicography: Pragmatic Sources and Cultural Influences. The beginnings of Romanian multilingual lexicography are deeply rooted in the first religious texts translated from Slavonic on the territory of the Romanian Principalities. The first dictionaries were aimed at fulfilling practical needs, being conceived as annexes to Slavonic or translated religious literature circulating at the time on the Romanian territory. This study provides an analysis of the first Romanian lexicographic projects, identifying their prototypes and describing the pragmatic background that these lexicographic initiatives were based on. Many of these works have sadly been lost, while others have been just partially preserved in private libraries. In these conditions, for the reconstruction of the Romanian lexicography belonging to that specific period, we resorted to two categories of sources: the notations and testimonies of the authors of the first lexicographic projects, and studies on the old Romanian lexicography. As they were not based on the rigorous scientific conception of a proper lexicographic school, the first Romanian dictionaries reflect the initiative of some scholars, revealing both their perspective on the role of such lexicographic tools and the stage of development of the Romanian language at the time. Keywords: Romanian lexicography, 16th–17th centuries, multilingual dictionaries, terminology, cultural influences, pragmatic sources","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71035948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovative Access Structures in Mobile Dictionaries. The access structure of any dictionary is an important one. It provides the user with a means to obtain the required data or to extract valuable information. This dictionary structure mostly overlaps with other structures such as the macro-, micro- and mediostructure, which in turn creates different access routes a dictionary user can follow to try and satisfy his or her lexicographic needs. In printed dictionaries, the access structure can already be found on the cover, while in electronic or online dictionaries this structure is usually visible on the home or landing page (Du Plessis 2015: 51-52). Gouws and Prinsloo (2005: 64) differentiate between two types of access structures: the outer access structure, which relates to the access or search routes that lead a user to the lemma sign, and the inner access structure, which, among other things, involves the search routes and zones within a dictionary article. The traditional functions and uses of dictionary structures are adapted for the online and mobile medium in order to better satisfy user needs. The disadvantage of this, however, is that it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between different dictionary structures (Müller-Spitzer 2013: 368-369). Fortunately, e-dictionaries have the freedom to provide new and innovative ways for users to access lexicographic material. The goal of this article is to highlight and evaluate some of these innovative access routes, particularly in mobile dictionaries. This is done to determine which access routes deserve further investigation or should be considered as a standard practice in mobile and other e-dictionaries. Keywords: access routes, access structure, cellphone dictionaries, dictionary structures, electronic dictionaries, e-lexicography, inner access structure, mobile applications, mobile dictionaries, mobile lexicography, outer access structure, search routes, smart phones
{"title":"Innoverende toegangsroetes in selfoonwoordeboeke","authors":"André H. du Plessis","doi":"10.5788/32-3-1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-3-1731","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative Access Structures in Mobile Dictionaries. The access structure of any dictionary is an important one. It provides the user with a means to obtain the required data or to extract valuable information. This dictionary structure mostly overlaps with other structures such as the macro-, micro- and mediostructure, which in turn creates different access routes a dictionary user can follow to try and satisfy his or her lexicographic needs. In printed dictionaries, the access structure can already be found on the cover, while in electronic or online dictionaries this structure is usually visible on the home or landing page (Du Plessis 2015: 51-52). Gouws and Prinsloo (2005: 64) differentiate between two types of access structures: the outer access structure, which relates to the access or search routes that lead a user to the lemma sign, and the inner access structure, which, among other things, involves the search routes and zones within a dictionary article. The traditional functions and uses of dictionary structures are adapted for the online and mobile medium in order to better satisfy user needs. The disadvantage of this, however, is that it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between different dictionary structures (Müller-Spitzer 2013: 368-369). Fortunately, e-dictionaries have the freedom to provide new and innovative ways for users to access lexicographic material. The goal of this article is to highlight and evaluate some of these innovative access routes, particularly in mobile dictionaries. This is done to determine which access routes deserve further investigation or should be considered as a standard practice in mobile and other e-dictionaries. Keywords: access routes, access structure, cellphone dictionaries, dictionary structures, electronic dictionaries, e-lexicography, inner access structure, mobile applications, mobile dictionaries, mobile lexicography, outer access structure, search routes, smart phones","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. A. Mavoungou, H. Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, Virginie Ompoussa, Blanche Nyingone Assam
The present article reports on the conceptualization of the Dictionnaire Général du Français Gabonais. The dictionary project is a first of its kind in Gabonese lexicography. As an outcome of the inception of Gabonese French lexicography, the dictionary project arose from a discussion on the definition of Gabonese French, which Gabonese French lexicography should account for. In this article, the project background as well as the interests for the planned dictionary are presented. The article also deals with two key aspects of the dictionary conceptualization plan, i.e., lexicographic processes and the dictionary basis. Keywords: conceptualization plan, dictionary basis, dictionary project, French, Gabon, language appropriation, lexicographic processes
{"title":"Towards a Comprehensive Dictionary of Gabonese French","authors":"P. A. Mavoungou, H. Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, Virginie Ompoussa, Blanche Nyingone Assam","doi":"10.5788/32-2-1702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-2-1702","url":null,"abstract":"The present article reports on the conceptualization of the Dictionnaire Général du Français Gabonais. The dictionary project is a first of its kind in Gabonese lexicography. As an outcome of the inception of Gabonese French lexicography, the dictionary project arose from a discussion on the definition of Gabonese French, which Gabonese French lexicography should account for. In this article, the project background as well as the interests for the planned dictionary are presented. The article also deals with two key aspects of the dictionary conceptualization plan, i.e., lexicographic processes and the dictionary basis. Keywords: conceptualization plan, dictionary basis, dictionary project, French, Gabon, language appropriation, lexicographic processes","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terminology development and practical lexicography are crucial in language intellectualization. In South Africa, the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture, National Lexicography Units, universities, commercial publishers and other organizations have been developing terminology and publishing terminographical/lexicographical resources to facilitate the use of African languages alongside English and Afrikaans in prestigious domains. Theoretical literature in the field of lexicography (e.g., Bergenholtz and Nielsen (2006); Bergenholtz and Tarp (1995; 2010); Gouws 2020) has attempted to resolve traditional distinctions between lexicography and terminology while also addressing terminological imprecisions in the relevant scholarship. Taking the cue from such scholarship, this article reflects on the methodological approaches for developing lexicographical products for specific subject fields, i.e., resources that document and describe terminology from specialized academic and professional fields. Its focus is on the use of traditional methods vis-à-vis the application of electronic corpora and its technologies in the key practical tasks such as term extraction and lemmatization. The article notes that the limited availability of specialized texts in African languages hampers the development and deployment of advanced electronic corpora and its applications to improve the execution of terminological and lexicographical tasks, while also enhancing the quality of the products. The Illustrated Glossary of Southern African Architectural Terms (English–isiZulu), A Glossary of Law Terms (English–isiZulu) and the forthcoming isiZulu dictionary of linguistic terms are used for special reference. Keywords: intellectualization of African languages, lexicography, terminology, terminography, dictionary, subject field dictionaries, subject field lexicography, glossary, electronic corpora
{"title":"The Intellectualization of African Languages through Terminology and Lexicography: Methodological Reflections with Special Reference to Lexicographic Products of the University of KwaZulu-Natal","authors":"Langa Khumalo, D. Nkomo","doi":"10.5788/32-2-1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-2-1700","url":null,"abstract":"Terminology development and practical lexicography are crucial in language intellectualization. In South Africa, the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture, National Lexicography Units, universities, commercial publishers and other organizations have been developing terminology and publishing terminographical/lexicographical resources to facilitate the use of African languages alongside English and Afrikaans in prestigious domains. Theoretical literature in the field of lexicography (e.g., Bergenholtz and Nielsen (2006); Bergenholtz and Tarp (1995; 2010); Gouws 2020) has attempted to resolve traditional distinctions between lexicography and terminology while also addressing terminological imprecisions in the relevant scholarship. Taking the cue from such scholarship, this article reflects on the methodological approaches for developing lexicographical products for specific subject fields, i.e., resources that document and describe terminology from specialized academic and professional fields. Its focus is on the use of traditional methods vis-à-vis the application of electronic corpora and its technologies in the key practical tasks such as term extraction and lemmatization. The article notes that the limited availability of specialized texts in African languages hampers the development and deployment of advanced electronic corpora and its applications to improve the execution of terminological and lexicographical tasks, while also enhancing the quality of the products. The Illustrated Glossary of Southern African Architectural Terms (English–isiZulu), A Glossary of Law Terms (English–isiZulu) and the forthcoming isiZulu dictionary of linguistic terms are used for special reference. Keywords: intellectualization of African languages, lexicography, terminology, terminography, dictionary, subject field dictionaries, subject field lexicography, glossary, electronic corpora","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine the effect of learning conditions on collocation gains, 88 Chinese EFL students were assigned randomly to one of three different learning conditions, i.e. dictionary use with prior instruction, dictionary use without training, or explicit collocation teaching. They were asked to fill in the missing verb in ten V + N target collocations embedded in sentences. A screen recorder was used to keep track of the students' lookup behaviour in the two conditions involving dictionary use such as every input of the searched word, every move and click of the mouse, every step of collocation search and the time length of dictionary consultation. After completion of the assignment all the students were given corrective feedback to the collocation task and marked their corrections on the test paper. Two weeks later, an unexpected retention test was administered. The study showed that dictionary use following a five-step training session reaped significantly more collocation gains than dictionary use without prior instruction and explicit collocation teaching. Compared with those who used the dictionary without prior training, the students with prior dictionary instruction employed more effective strategies concerning the selection of lookup words and the location and identification of collocation information. They took a more conscientious approach to dictionary use and retrieved more correct target verbs. Apart from lending new support to the continuous appeal for a position of dictionary use instruction in the EFL pedagogy, the study also provides a detailed demonstration of task-based dictionary training applicable to classroom practice. Keywords: learning conditions, collocation learning, dictionary skills, dictionary lookup behaviour, dictionary use instruction.
{"title":"The Effect of Learning Conditions on Collocation Gains: A Case Study of Task-based Dictionary Use Instruction","authors":"Yuzhen Chen","doi":"10.5788/32-1-1679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-1-1679","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the effect of learning conditions on collocation gains, 88 Chinese EFL students were assigned randomly to one of three different learning conditions, i.e. dictionary use with prior instruction, dictionary use without training, or explicit collocation teaching. They were asked to fill in the missing verb in ten V + N target collocations embedded in sentences. A screen recorder was used to keep track of the students' lookup behaviour in the two conditions involving dictionary use such as every input of the searched word, every move and click of the mouse, every step of collocation search and the time length of dictionary consultation. After completion of the assignment all the students were given corrective feedback to the collocation task and marked their corrections on the test paper. Two weeks later, an unexpected retention test was administered. The study showed that dictionary use following a five-step training session reaped significantly more collocation gains than dictionary use without prior instruction and explicit collocation teaching. Compared with those who used the dictionary without prior training, the students with prior dictionary instruction employed more effective strategies concerning the selection of lookup words and the location and identification of collocation information. They took a more conscientious approach to dictionary use and retrieved more correct target verbs. Apart from lending new support to the continuous appeal for a position of dictionary use instruction in the EFL pedagogy, the study also provides a detailed demonstration of task-based dictionary training applicable to classroom practice. Keywords: learning conditions, collocation learning, dictionary skills, dictionary lookup behaviour, dictionary use instruction.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71035802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual Elements in Translative Dictionaries Aimed at the Foundation Phase against the Background of Literacy Development. Dictionaries used for teaching and learning in an educational setting undoubtedly have an educational purpose and function (if a dictionary function is understood according to the lexicographic theory of functions), whereby such an educational function is concerned with the active development of literacy skills. In the case of dictionaries for the foundation phase, target users have emergent literacy skills and developing reading skills, in particular. For this reason, lexicographers make use of a variety of lexicographic devices, for example visual elements, to render language support to the target user. Learners in the foundation phase form the target users of this category of dictionaries and the focus of the article is situated within the lexicographic theory of the user perspective, and the field of pedagogical lexicography. Concepts known in reading research, language acquisition and second language teaching come into play and are applied to visual elements in dictionaries. The use, value and types of illustrations in dictionaries are investigated by means of a literature study and then applied within the literacy context of the target user. Use of visual illustrations in accordance with the literacy needs of the target users forms the focus of the article. Keywords: cognitive-academic language proficiency, contextualisation, dictionaries, illustrations, language proficiency, literacy context, multilingualism, pedagogical lexicography, user perspective
{"title":"Visuele elemente in vertalende woordeboeke gerig op die grondslagfase teen die agtergrond van geletterdheidsontwikkeling","authors":"Michele F. van der Merwe","doi":"10.5788/32-3-1738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/32-3-1738","url":null,"abstract":"Visual Elements in Translative Dictionaries Aimed at the Foundation Phase against the Background of Literacy Development. Dictionaries used for teaching and learning in an educational setting undoubtedly have an educational purpose and function (if a dictionary function is understood according to the lexicographic theory of functions), whereby such an educational function is concerned with the active development of literacy skills. In the case of dictionaries for the foundation phase, target users have emergent literacy skills and developing reading skills, in particular. For this reason, lexicographers make use of a variety of lexicographic devices, for example visual elements, to render language support to the target user. Learners in the foundation phase form the target users of this category of dictionaries and the focus of the article is situated within the lexicographic theory of the user perspective, and the field of pedagogical lexicography. Concepts known in reading research, language acquisition and second language teaching come into play and are applied to visual elements in dictionaries. The use, value and types of illustrations in dictionaries are investigated by means of a literature study and then applied within the literacy context of the target user. Use of visual illustrations in accordance with the literacy needs of the target users forms the focus of the article. Keywords: cognitive-academic language proficiency, contextualisation, dictionaries, illustrations, language proficiency, literacy context, multilingualism, pedagogical lexicography, user perspective","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71036039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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