Pablo Hernández-Lastiri, África Borges, María Cadenas
Early relationships with equals are considered a relevant factor in people’s development. In order to study social interaction, Santoyo (1996, 2006) proposes the functional mechanisms of social effectiveness, social responsiveness, and reciprocity. To analyze and compare these mechanisms in the participants of the Comprehensive Program for High Abilities (CPHA) with the purpose of detecting possible differences between the students who are better considered by their equals and those who have less social acceptance. The sample was selected by a sociogram, and the social interaction was measured with the Observational Protocol for Interactions within the Classroom-OPINTEC, v.5 (Cadenas & Borges, 2016, 2017; Cadenas, Borges, & Falcón, 2013). The participants show effectiveness and correspondence, but they don’t show social reciprocity. No differences were observed between the most valued ones and the most rejected ones. Observation represents and appropriate methodology for the studying of social relations in natural settings in combination with other procedures.
{"title":"Differences in Mechanisms of Social Interaction of Gifted Children Based on Peer Acceptance","authors":"Pablo Hernández-Lastiri, África Borges, María Cadenas","doi":"10.5944/AP.16.1.22169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.16.1.22169","url":null,"abstract":"Early relationships with equals are considered a relevant factor in people’s development. In order to study social interaction, Santoyo (1996, 2006) proposes the functional mechanisms of social effectiveness, social responsiveness, and reciprocity. To analyze and compare these mechanisms in the participants of the Comprehensive Program for High Abilities (CPHA) with the purpose of detecting possible differences between the students who are better considered by their equals and those who have less social acceptance. The sample was selected by a sociogram, and the social interaction was measured with the Observational Protocol for Interactions within the Classroom-OPINTEC, v.5 (Cadenas & Borges, 2016, 2017; Cadenas, Borges, & Falcón, 2013). The participants show effectiveness and correspondence, but they don’t show social reciprocity. No differences were observed between the most valued ones and the most rejected ones. Observation represents and appropriate methodology for the studying of social relations in natural settings in combination with other procedures. ","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.16.1.22169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44330475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Sánchez-Arjona Casquete de Prado, Rafael J. Martínez Cervantes, Cristina Senín-Calderón, J. F. Rodríguez-Testal
ResumenRecientemente, las investigaciones centradas en estudio de las bases de la psicosis han puesto el acento en la saliencia aberrante (Kapur, 2003). Asimismo, se ha demostrado que los sistemas emocionales propuestos por Gray (1982), relacionados con la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa, influyen en el desarrollo de diversas psicopatologías. Apenas se ha investigado sobre el papel de estos sistemas en la sintomatología positiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el papel mediador de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en la relación entre la saliencia aberrante y la sintomatología positiva, entendida como ideas de referencia, ideas persecutorias y propensión alucinatoria en una muestra compuesta por 259 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (España). Los resultados mostraron una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de mediación de las ideas de referencia, así como una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de la propensión alucinatoria. No obstante, no se observó mediación ni de la sensibilidad al castigo ni de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de las ideas persecutorias. Según estos resultados, parecer ser que la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa son características básicas de la personalidad que podrían influir en el desarrollo de algunos síntomas positivos, y por ello, de la psicosis.AbstractRecently, research focused on the study of the bases of psychosis has placed the accent on aberrant salience (Kapur, 2003). Likewise, it has been shown that the emotional systems proposed by Gray (1982), related to sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward, influence the development of various psychopathologies. The role of these systems in psychosis has hardly been investigated. The objective of this work was to study the mediating role of sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward in the relationship between aberrant salience and positive symptomatology, understood as ideas of reference, persecutory ideas and hallucinatory propensity in a sample composed of 259 students of the University of Seville (Spain). The results showed a partial mediation of the sensitivity to punishment and the sensitivity to reward in the mediation model of the ideas of reference, as well as a partial mediation of the SR in the model of the hallucinatory propensity. However, no mediation was observed neither of the sensitivity to punishment nor of the sensitivity to reward in the persecutory ideas model. According to these results, it seems that the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward are basic characteristics of the personality that could influence the development of some positive symptoms, and therefore, of psychosis.
最近，对精神病基础的研究强调了异常突出(Kapur, 2003)。此外，Gray(1982)提出的与惩罚敏感性和奖励敏感性相关的情绪系统已经被证明会影响各种精神病理学的发展。这些系统在阳性症状学中的作用很少被研究。这项工作的目的是考虑调解人作用惩罚和奖励在敏感性灵敏度saliencia异常之间的关系和积极的寄生虫,作为参考,思想的思想倾向alucinatoria由样本259西班牙塞维利亚大学学生)。结果表明，在参考思想中介模型中，惩罚敏感性和奖励敏感性有部分中介作用，在幻觉倾向模型中，奖励敏感性有部分中介作用。结果表明，对惩罚的敏感性和对奖励的敏感性在迫害思想模型中均无中介作用。根据这些结果，惩罚敏感性和奖励敏感性似乎是人格的基本特征，可以影响一些阳性症状的发展，从而影响精神病的发展。AbstractRecently数据库,研究聚焦study of the of psychosis has been placed the accent on aberrant salience (Kapur, 2003年)。同样，Gray(1982)提出的与惩罚敏感性和奖励敏感性有关的情绪系统也影响了各种精神病理的发展。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。民间this work was to study The认知机能role of sensitivity to惩罚and sensitivity to reward in The relationship between aberrant salience职权和积极的symptomatology,不言而喻,想法,persecutory ideas and hallucinatory propensity in a sample 259名students of The University of塞维利亚(西班牙)。结果表明，在参照观念的中介模型中，对惩罚和奖励的敏感性有部分中介作用，在幻觉倾向模型中，对SR有部分中介作用。然而，在迫害思想模式中，既没有观察到对惩罚的敏感性，也没有观察到对奖励的敏感性。根据这些结果，对惩罚的敏感性和对奖励的敏感性似乎是人格的基本特征，这可能影响某些积极症状的发展，从而影响精神病的发展。
{"title":"Saliencia Aberrante y Componentes del Modelo de Gray en el Desarrollo de la Sintomatología Positiva","authors":"Marta Sánchez-Arjona Casquete de Prado, Rafael J. Martínez Cervantes, Cristina Senín-Calderón, J. F. Rodríguez-Testal","doi":"10.5944/ap.16.1.22205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.16.1.22205","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenRecientemente, las investigaciones centradas en estudio de las bases de la psicosis han puesto el acento en la saliencia aberrante (Kapur, 2003). Asimismo, se ha demostrado que los sistemas emocionales propuestos por Gray (1982), relacionados con la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa, influyen en el desarrollo de diversas psicopatologías. Apenas se ha investigado sobre el papel de estos sistemas en la sintomatología positiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el papel mediador de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en la relación entre la saliencia aberrante y la sintomatología positiva, entendida como ideas de referencia, ideas persecutorias y propensión alucinatoria en una muestra compuesta por 259 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (España). Los resultados mostraron una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de mediación de las ideas de referencia, así como una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de la propensión alucinatoria. No obstante, no se observó mediación ni de la sensibilidad al castigo ni de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de las ideas persecutorias. Según estos resultados, parecer ser que la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa son características básicas de la personalidad que podrían influir en el desarrollo de algunos síntomas positivos, y por ello, de la psicosis.AbstractRecently, research focused on the study of the bases of psychosis has placed the accent on aberrant salience (Kapur, 2003). Likewise, it has been shown that the emotional systems proposed by Gray (1982), related to sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward, influence the development of various psychopathologies. The role of these systems in psychosis has hardly been investigated. The objective of this work was to study the mediating role of sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward in the relationship between aberrant salience and positive symptomatology, understood as ideas of reference, persecutory ideas and hallucinatory propensity in a sample composed of 259 students of the University of Seville (Spain). The results showed a partial mediation of the sensitivity to punishment and the sensitivity to reward in the mediation model of the ideas of reference, as well as a partial mediation of the SR in the model of the hallucinatory propensity. However, no mediation was observed neither of the sensitivity to punishment nor of the sensitivity to reward in the persecutory ideas model. According to these results, it seems that the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward are basic characteristics of the personality that could influence the development of some positive symptoms, and therefore, of psychosis.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/ap.16.1.22205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71246373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier González Encinas, Luis Ángel Saúl Gutiérrez, J. G. García Martínez
ResumenLa autocaracterización es una técnica narrativa enmarcada dentro de la Teoría de los Constructos Personales (Kelly, 1955). Se diferencia de otras técnicas narrativas por la estructura de sus instrucciones, donde se solicita a la persona describirse a sí misma en tercera persona de una forma íntima; y por el formato de corrección, que trata de desenfocar al lector de su visión y asumir el punto de vista del autor como propio, así como por explorar el proceso y el sistema de construcción personal. Pese a ser destacada por su utilidad clínica (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no se han encontrado trabajos que reúnan los principales resultados que ha cosechado esta técnica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las similitudes y las diferencias encontradas en los trabajos que hacen uso de ella. Para dar respuesta, se lleva a cabo una revisión de literatura que reúne las principales contribuciones sobre la autocaracterización. Se ha tenido en cuenta la metodología empleada en los estudios, el formato de instrucción y de corrección y las etapas de análisis. La investigación muestra que el acercamiento crédulo, la flexibilidad de las instrucciones y la exploración de los constructos personales son los puntos recurrentes en los distintos trabajos recopilados. Se concluye que el formato de corrección, escasamente sistematizado, está influyendo negativamente en su uso y en su difusión a nivel empírico. Adicionalmente, se indica la necesidad de generar un protocolo de análisis que integre las principales etapas de análisis y actitudes del terapeuta que más atención han cosechado.AbstractSelf-characterization is a narrative technique framed in Personal Construct Theory (PCT; Kelly, 1955). It is differentiated from others narrative techniques by its elicited instructions, where is request a third person selfdescription in a sympathetic and intimate way, and by analysis protocol, that try to blur the reader from his own vision and assume the author’s point of view as his own, like so explore the process and the system of personal construct. Despite being highlighted for therapeutic useful (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no works founds that gather the self-characterizations finds. The objective is analyzing the differences and similarities founded between research which use self-characterization. For give an answer, it is made a literature review that group the main contributions about this technique. It has been taken in consideration the methodology, instructions and analysis format, and analysis phases. This paper sample that credulous approach, instruction flexibility and personal construct exploration are the recurrent point in compiled works. It is been concluded that analysis format, poorly systematized, supposes a negative influence in its use and diffusion at empiric level. Additionally, it is indicated the need to generate a new protocol to analysis that integrated the principal phases and therapeutic attitude that have garnered more attention.
{"title":"Revisión de la autocaracterización: una técnica narrativa constructivista","authors":"Javier González Encinas, Luis Ángel Saúl Gutiérrez, J. G. García Martínez","doi":"10.5944/AP.16.1.22192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.16.1.22192","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLa autocaracterización es una técnica narrativa enmarcada dentro de la Teoría de los Constructos Personales (Kelly, 1955). Se diferencia de otras técnicas narrativas por la estructura de sus instrucciones, donde se solicita a la persona describirse a sí misma en tercera persona de una forma íntima; y por el formato de corrección, que trata de desenfocar al lector de su visión y asumir el punto de vista del autor como propio, así como por explorar el proceso y el sistema de construcción personal. Pese a ser destacada por su utilidad clínica (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no se han encontrado trabajos que reúnan los principales resultados que ha cosechado esta técnica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las similitudes y las diferencias encontradas en los trabajos que hacen uso de ella. Para dar respuesta, se lleva a cabo una revisión de literatura que reúne las principales contribuciones sobre la autocaracterización. Se ha tenido en cuenta la metodología empleada en los estudios, el formato de instrucción y de corrección y las etapas de análisis. La investigación muestra que el acercamiento crédulo, la flexibilidad de las instrucciones y la exploración de los constructos personales son los puntos recurrentes en los distintos trabajos recopilados. Se concluye que el formato de corrección, escasamente sistematizado, está influyendo negativamente en su uso y en su difusión a nivel empírico. Adicionalmente, se indica la necesidad de generar un protocolo de análisis que integre las principales etapas de análisis y actitudes del terapeuta que más atención han cosechado.AbstractSelf-characterization is a narrative technique framed in Personal Construct Theory (PCT; Kelly, 1955). It is differentiated from others narrative techniques by its elicited instructions, where is request a third person selfdescription in a sympathetic and intimate way, and by analysis protocol, that try to blur the reader from his own vision and assume the author’s point of view as his own, like so explore the process and the system of personal construct. Despite being highlighted for therapeutic useful (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no works founds that gather the self-characterizations finds. The objective is analyzing the differences and similarities founded between research which use self-characterization. For give an answer, it is made a literature review that group the main contributions about this technique. It has been taken in consideration the methodology, instructions and analysis format, and analysis phases. This paper sample that credulous approach, instruction flexibility and personal construct exploration are the recurrent point in compiled works. It is been concluded that analysis format, poorly systematized, supposes a negative influence in its use and diffusion at empiric level. Additionally, it is indicated the need to generate a new protocol to analysis that integrated the principal phases and therapeutic attitude that have garnered more attention.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.16.1.22192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Herrero Fernández, Mireia Oliva-Macías, Pamela Parada-Fernández
ResumenLa ira en la conducción y los comportamientos agresivos que se derivan de esta emoción pueden afectar negativamente el desempeño en la conducción. Para evaluar este tipo de comportamientos es necesario contar con instrumentos fiables y válidos. Uno de los más utilizados es el Driving Anger Expression Inventory, que en su forma completa consta de 50 ítems. Esto hace que se trate de un instrumento excesivamente extenso. El objetivo de este estudio (de tipo transversal) fue desarrollar una versión breve del Driving Anger Expression Inventory que permitiera evaluar en poco tiempo la frecuencia de diferentes tipos de expresión de la ira al volante. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 441 conductores que rellenaron la versión completa del Driving Anger Expression Inventory, extrayéndose los ítems que mayores cargas factoriales mostraban a partir de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. De esta manera se obtuvo una versión de 22 ítems que ajustaron satisfactoriamente en cinco factores: Expresión verbal de la ira (α = .84), Expresión física (α = .76), Expresión mediante el propio vehículo (α = .74), Expresión desplazada (α = .78) y Expresión adaptativa (α = .77). Se comentan las principales implicaciones de estos resultados, así como las limitaciones del estudio.AbstractDriving anger and its derived aggressive behaviors may affect driving negatively. In order to assess this kind of behaviors it is necessary to have reliable and valid psychometric instruments. One of the most one is the Driving Anger Expression Inventory, which in its long form is composed of 50 items. It makes it an excessive long questionnaire. The aim of the present research was to develop a brief version of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory to assess in few minutes the frequency of different types of anger expression behind the wheel. Therefore a sample composed of 441 drivers who completed the long version of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory. Afterwards, those items with highest factor loadings in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis were chosen to compose the new short form. Finally, a 22-item version was proposed. It fitted satisfactorily in five factors, similarly to the long form: Verbal anger expression (α = .84); Physical anger expression (α = .76); Expression through the vehicle (α = .74); Displaced expression (α = .78), and Adaptative expression (α = .77). Implications of the results are discussed.
总结驾驶愤怒和由这种情绪引起的攻击性行为会对驾驶表现产生负面影响。为了评估这种行为，需要可靠和有效的工具。其中最常用的是驾驶愤怒表达量表，它的完整形式包括50个项目。这使得它成为一种过于广泛的工具。这项横断面研究的目的是开发一个简短版本的驾驶愤怒表达量表，允许在短时间内评估不同类型的驾驶愤怒表达的频率。本研究以441名司机为样本，他们填写了完整版的驾驶愤怒表达量表，并从验证性因素分析中提取了因子负荷较高的项目。通过这种方式，我们获得了22个项目的版本，这些项目在5个因素上进行了令人满意的调整:愤怒的语言表达(α = .84)、身体表达(α = .76)、通过车辆本身表达(α = .74)、移位表达(α = .78)和自适应表达(α = .77)。本文讨论了这些结果的主要含义以及研究的局限性。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的土地面积为，其中土地面积为。为了评估这类行为，必须有可靠和有效的心理测量工具。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为，其中土地面积为。这是一份太长的问卷。The aim of The目前research was to de-velop a brief version of The Driving Expression清单》评估An-ger in politico minutes The frequency不同类型Expression be-hind The wheel of anger。因此a sample 441名driv-ers who completed the long version of the Driving An-ger Expression清单》。After-wards, loadings in the items with的因素Con-firmatory factor Analysis是chosen to compose the new short form。最后，提出了一个22项的版本。它令人满意地适合于五个因素，类似于长形式:口头愤怒表达(α = .84);身体愤怒表达(α = 0.76);通过车辆的表达式(α = .74);= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。讨论了结果的含义。
{"title":"Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve del Driving Anger Expression Inventory en conductores españoles","authors":"David Herrero Fernández, Mireia Oliva-Macías, Pamela Parada-Fernández","doi":"10.5944/AP.16.1.22364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.16.1.22364","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLa ira en la conducción y los comportamientos agresivos que se derivan de esta emoción pueden afectar negativamente el desempeño en la conducción. Para evaluar este tipo de comportamientos es necesario contar con instrumentos fiables y válidos. Uno de los más utilizados es el Driving Anger Expression Inventory, que en su forma completa consta de 50 ítems. Esto hace que se trate de un instrumento excesivamente extenso. El objetivo de este estudio (de tipo transversal) fue desarrollar una versión breve del Driving Anger Expression Inventory que permitiera evaluar en poco tiempo la frecuencia de diferentes tipos de expresión de la ira al volante. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 441 conductores que rellenaron la versión completa del Driving Anger Expression Inventory, extrayéndose los ítems que mayores cargas factoriales mostraban a partir de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. De esta manera se obtuvo una versión de 22 ítems que ajustaron satisfactoriamente en cinco factores: Expresión verbal de la ira (α = .84), Expresión física (α = .76), Expresión mediante el propio vehículo (α = .74), Expresión desplazada (α = .78) y Expresión adaptativa (α = .77). Se comentan las principales implicaciones de estos resultados, así como las limitaciones del estudio.AbstractDriving anger and its derived aggressive behaviors may affect driving negatively. In order to assess this kind of behaviors it is necessary to have reliable and valid psychometric instruments. One of the most one is the Driving Anger Expression Inventory, which in its long form is composed of 50 items. It makes it an excessive long questionnaire. The aim of the present research was to develop a brief version of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory to assess in few minutes the frequency of different types of anger expression behind the wheel. Therefore a sample composed of 441 drivers who completed the long version of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory. Afterwards, those items with highest factor loadings in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis were chosen to compose the new short form. Finally, a 22-item version was proposed. It fitted satisfactorily in five factors, similarly to the long form: Verbal anger expression (α = .84); Physical anger expression (α = .76); Expression through the vehicle (α = .74); Displaced expression (α = .78), and Adaptative expression (α = .77). Implications of the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.16.1.22364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42384127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. P. Holgado Tello, E. Vila Abad, M. I. Barbero García
We describe the internal structure of the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45; Davison et al., 1997) in a sample of non-clinical Spanish subjects. The scale was developed for treatment outcome assessment in psychiatric settings; however, many studies have examined its psychometric properties in non-clinical populations. The internal structure of these studies usually replicates the dimensionality proposed in the original study closely. In this work, the scale was administered to a sample of 823 participants. In order to analyse the dimensionality of the instrument in a non-clinical population, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using polychoric correlations were carried out. The results obtained, are similar to those obtained for the original model and replicated in later studies, but there are important nuances that should be taken into account in defining a measurement model for the sample used. These data confirm the need for further research in a non-clinical population.
我们描述了症状评估-45问卷(SA-45;Davison et al.， 1997)在非临床西班牙受试者样本中。该量表是为精神病治疗结果评估而开发的;然而，许多研究已经在非临床人群中检验了其心理测量特性。这些研究的内部结构通常与原始研究中提出的维度紧密复制。在这项工作中，该量表对823名参与者进行了抽样调查。为了在非临床人群中分析该仪器的维度，使用多重相关性进行了探索性和验证性因素分析。得到的结果与原始模型得到的结果相似，并在后来的研究中得到了重复，但是在为所使用的样本定义测量模型时，应该考虑到一些重要的细微差别。这些数据证实了在非临床人群中进行进一步研究的必要性。
{"title":"Factor Structure of the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45)","authors":"F. P. Holgado Tello, E. Vila Abad, M. I. Barbero García","doi":"10.5944/AP.16.1.22048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.16.1.22048","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the internal structure of the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45; Davison et al., 1997) in a sample of non-clinical Spanish subjects. The scale was developed for treatment outcome assessment in psychiatric settings; however, many studies have examined its psychometric properties in non-clinical populations. The internal structure of these studies usually replicates the dimensionality proposed in the original study closely. In this work, the scale was administered to a sample of 823 participants. In order to analyse the dimensionality of the instrument in a non-clinical population, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using polychoric correlations were carried out. The results obtained, are similar to those obtained for the original model and replicated in later studies, but there are important nuances that should be taken into account in defining a measurement model for the sample used. These data confirm the need for further research in a non-clinical population. ","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.16.1.22048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47370970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. G. González Ramírez, L. Quezada-Berumen, R. Landero-Hernández
ResumenLa interacción con los animales de compañía ha resultado efectiva en la reducción de síntomas estrés postraumático, e depresión y ansiedad, consecuentes a la vivencia de un evento traumático; aunque las investigaciones sobre aspectos positivos diferenciales entre personas con y sin animales de compañía han mostrado resultados heterogéneos. Es así que el objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de felicidad subjetiva entre personas con y sin animales de compañía, quienes habían enfrentado un suceso traumático en algún momento de los últimos tres años. Participaron 98 personas residentes en México, 49 tenían perro o gato cuando sucedió el evento y 49 no tenían. Su edad promedio fue 31.4 años (D.E. = 9.3), 65.3 % mujeres y 34.7 % hombres. El principal resultado indica que quienes tenían animales de compañía al momento del evento se consideran actualmente más felices que quienes no tenían. Asimismo, se encontró una correlación positiva y significativa entre felicidad y la percepción de la gente sobre la relación con el animal de compañía. Se concluye que los animales de compañía pueden ayudar a la gente a lograr un crecimiento personal posterior a un evento traumático o estresante.AbstractThe interaction with companion animals has been effective in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the experience of a traumatic event; although research about differences in positive aspects between pet owners and non-pet owners have shown heterogeneous results. Thus, the objective of the study was to compare subjective happiness perceived between pet owners and non-owners, who had lived a traumatic event at some point in the last three years. Ninety-eight people residing in Mexico, recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling, participated. Half of them had dogs or cats when the event happened and 49 did not have it. Age mean was 31.4 years (SD = 9.3), 65.3 % women and 34.7 % men. The main result indicates that those who had companion animals at the time of the event are currently considered themselves happier than those who did not. Likewise, a positive and significant correlation was found between happiness and people's perception of the relationship with the companion animal. It is concluded that companion animals could help people achieve personal growth after a traumatic or stressful event.
综上所述，与宠物的互动已被证明在减少创伤后应激症状、抑郁和焦虑方面是有效的，这些症状是由经历创伤事件引起的;然而，关于有宠物和没有宠物的人之间的积极差异的研究显示了不同的结果。因此，这项研究的目的是比较在过去三年的某个时候经历过创伤事件的有宠物和没有宠物的人的主观幸福感水平。98名墨西哥居民参与了这项研究，49人在活动发生时养了狗或猫，49人没有。他们的平均年龄为31.4岁(D.E. = 9.3)，女性占65.3%，男性占34.7%。主要结果表明，那些在活动时有宠物的人现在被认为比那些没有宠物的人更快乐。此外，我们发现幸福与人们对与宠物关系的感知之间存在显著的正相关关系。结果表明，在创伤或压力事件发生后，宠物可以帮助人们实现个人成长。抽象与同伴动物的互动在减轻因经历创伤事件而引起的抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍症状方面已有效;然而，对宠物主人和非宠物主人之间积极方面差异的研究显示出异质性的结果。因此，本研究的目的是比较宠物主人和非宠物主人之间的主观幸福感，他们在过去三年的某个时刻经历过创伤事件。通过非概率抽样招募的88名居住在墨西哥的人参加了调查。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。平均年龄为31.4岁(SD = 9.3)，女性65.3%，男性34.7%。主要由于indicates that那些问题companion动物at The time of The event目前所审议为happier than那些并没有。同样，在幸福和人们对伴侣动物关系的感知之间也发现了显著的正相关关系。It is concluded that companion动物可help people的人员增长after创伤或stressful event。
{"title":"Felicidad subjetiva después de vivir un evento traumático en personas con y sin animales de compañía","authors":"M. G. González Ramírez, L. Quezada-Berumen, R. Landero-Hernández","doi":"10.5944/ap.16.1.23440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.16.1.23440","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLa interacción con los animales de compañía ha resultado efectiva en la reducción de síntomas estrés postraumático, e depresión y ansiedad, consecuentes a la vivencia de un evento traumático; aunque las investigaciones sobre aspectos positivos diferenciales entre personas con y sin animales de compañía han mostrado resultados heterogéneos. Es así que el objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de felicidad subjetiva entre personas con y sin animales de compañía, quienes habían enfrentado un suceso traumático en algún momento de los últimos tres años. Participaron 98 personas residentes en México, 49 tenían perro o gato cuando sucedió el evento y 49 no tenían. Su edad promedio fue 31.4 años (D.E. = 9.3), 65.3 % mujeres y 34.7 % hombres. El principal resultado indica que quienes tenían animales de compañía al momento del evento se consideran actualmente más felices que quienes no tenían. Asimismo, se encontró una correlación positiva y significativa entre felicidad y la percepción de la gente sobre la relación con el animal de compañía. Se concluye que los animales de compañía pueden ayudar a la gente a lograr un crecimiento personal posterior a un evento traumático o estresante.AbstractThe interaction with companion animals has been effective in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the experience of a traumatic event; although research about differences in positive aspects between pet owners and non-pet owners have shown heterogeneous results. Thus, the objective of the study was to compare subjective happiness perceived between pet owners and non-owners, who had lived a traumatic event at some point in the last three years. Ninety-eight people residing in Mexico, recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling, participated. Half of them had dogs or cats when the event happened and 49 did not have it. Age mean was 31.4 years (SD = 9.3), 65.3 % women and 34.7 % men. The main result indicates that those who had companion animals at the time of the event are currently considered themselves happier than those who did not. Likewise, a positive and significant correlation was found between happiness and people's perception of the relationship with the companion animal. It is concluded that companion animals could help people achieve personal growth after a traumatic or stressful event.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/ap.16.1.23440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71246696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Picó Toribio, V. Martínez-Tur, Y. Estreder
ResumenLa investigación ha estudiado el impacto de la justicia organizacional, definida como el trato que perciben los trabajadores por parte de una autoridad externa (supervisor u organización en su conjunto), sobre el desempeño como logro en la consecución de los objetivos del trabajo. Sin embargo, se echa en falta investigación de diario que tenga en cuenta otras fuentes de justicia más allá de la autoridad externa. Este estudio analiza la relación de dos fuentes de justicia, justicia del supervisor y justicia entre compañeros, con el desempeño de los trabajadores. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio de diario para valorar la variabilidad en el desempeño como consecuencia del trato diario de justicia que perciben los trabajadores. Se ha realizado un trabajo de campo con una muestra de 28 trabajadores de una empresa del sector de la automoción, durante 10 días consecutivos. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones promedio estadísticamente significativas del desempeño con la justicia del supervisor (r = 0.41, t(26) = 2.29; p < .05) y la justicia entre compañeros (r = 0.44, t(26) = 2.49, p < .05). Asimismo, se confirmó la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa y positiva entre la justicia del supervisor, percibida el primer día de medida, y el desempeño de los trabajadores medido 10 días después. En cambio, no se observó la misma relación con respecto a la justicia de los compañeros. Así, se concluye que: (a) los cambios en justicia van acompañados de cambios en el desempeño y (b) la justicia del supervisor, medida el día de comienzo, es capaz de predecir el desempeño 10 días después. AbstractPrevious research has investigated the impact of organizational justice, defined as the treatment workers receive from an external authority (supervisor or the organization as a whole), on performance as achievement of task objectives. However, there is a lack of diary studies that consider other sources of justice beyond an external authority. This study analyzes the link from two sources of justice, justice from the supervisor and peer justice, to workers’ performance. To do so, we carried out a diary study to examine variability in employees’ performance as a consequence of variability of daily justice treatment perceived by workers. We conducted a field survey investigation using a sample of 28 workers of a company that pertained to the automotive sector, during 10 successive days. Our findings showed significant average correlations between performance, on the one hand, and both justice from supervisor (r = 0.41, t(26) = 2.29, p < .05) and peer justice (r = 0.44, t(26) = 2.49, p < .05). In addition, it was confirmed a significant and positive relationship between justice from the supervisor, perceived the first measurement day, and employees’ performance measured 10 days after. By contrast, this relationship was not confirmed for peer justice. We conclude the following: a) changes in justice are associated with changes
摘要本研究探讨了组织公正的影响，组织公正的定义是外部权威(监督者或整个组织)对员工绩效的看法，作为实现工作目标的一种成就。然而，除了外部权威之外，还缺乏考虑其他司法来源的日报调查。本研究分析了两种公正来源——主管公正和公司间公正——与员工绩效的关系。本研究的目的是评估员工在日常工作中所感知到的公正待遇所导致的绩效变异性。对一家汽车行业公司的28名工人进行了连续10天的实地调查。结果显示，绩效与主管公平性具有统计学意义(r = 0.41, t(26) = 2.29;p < .05)和同伴司法(r = 0.44, t (26) = 2.49, p < .05)。此外，在测量的第一天，监工的公正与10天后测量的工人的表现之间存在统计学上显著的正相关关系。然而，在同伴公正方面却没有观察到同样的关系。因此，我们得出:(a)公正的变化伴随着绩效的变化，(b)主管的公正，衡量开始日，能够预测10天后的绩效。摘要以前的研究调查了组织正义对实现任务目标的绩效的影响，组织正义的定义是工人从外部当局(监督者或整个组织)得到的待遇。然而，缺乏与外部权威之外的其他司法来源相对应的日记研究。This study analyzes the link from two sources of justice、正义from the peer司法主管,工人“performance。为了做到这一点，我们进行了一项关于因工人所感知到的日常司法待遇的变化而导致的雇员绩效的前胺变异性的日记研究。我们对一家公司28名在汽车行业工作的工人进行了实地调查，抽样调查持续了10天。我们的研究结果显示了单手表现与同龄人公平性(r = 0.41, t(26) = 2.29, p < .05)和同龄人公平性(r = 0.44, t(26) = 2.49, p < .05)之间的显著平均相关性。此外，在第一天测量时，主管的公正与10天后测量的员工绩效之间存在着重要而积极的关系。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。我们得出以下结论:(a)司法制度的变化与业绩的变化有关;b)监事的公平性，从起点衡量，可以预测10天后的表现。
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Margarita Hidalgo García, Rafael J. Martínez Cervantes, Cristina Senín-Calderón, J. F. Rodríguez-Testal
ResumenEn la investigación clínica, el afecto positivo ha recibido menos atención que su dimensión paralela: el afecto negativo. Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Afectividad Positiva (Response to Positive Affect), para su adaptación al castellano y validación en población española. La escala mide las respuestas a las emociones experimentadas ante situaciones positivas (regulación emocional). Según los autores de la escala, está compuesta por tres factores: Amortiguación, Rumia positiva centrada en la emoción y Rumia positiva centrada en la persona. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, con 970 participantes de población general y clínica, análisis de la consistencia interna, invarianza para sexo y grupo (pacientes/controles) y validez concurrente. Se obtuvo la misma estructura factorial planteada por los creadores de la versión original de la escala. Se obtuvieron adecuados valores para la consistencia interna, invarianza para sexo y pacientes/controles, y correlaciones significativas con el cuestionario de salud general y el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Castigo y Sensibilidad a la Recompensa de sensibilidad al castigo y a la recompensa. La escala presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. La Escala de Afectividad Positiva es un instrumento que puede permitir el estudio y análisis de la rumia positiva y la amortiguación, por tanto, la regulación de los estados emocionales positivos, complementando otros instrumentos centrados en otros procesos como la rumia y la afectividad negativa. Puede ser particularmente útil para la evaluación, seguimiento, y planificación de la intervención ante trastornos de ansiedad, depresivos y bipolares, entre otros, al evaluar características de regulación emocional en la persona evaluada.AbstractPossitive affect has often been neglected throughout research in clinical psychology, with respect to its parallel dimension: Negative affect. This study analyses the psychometric properties of the Response to Positive Affect scale in order for it to be adapted and validated in Spanish population. The scale measures people reaction to the emotions experienced from positive situations (emotion regulation). According to the authors of the scale, it is compossed by three factors: Dampening, Emotion-focused possitive rumination and Self-focused possitive rumination. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out, with 970 participants from general and clinical population, along with analyses about internal consistency, invariance analysis for gender and group (patients/controls) and concurrent validity. The factors obtained were the same as the ones proposed by the creators of the original scale. Furthermore, the values for internal consistency were adecuate, invariance for sex and group (patients/controls), as well as the correlations with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (sensitivity to punishment
{"title":"Evaluación de la regulación emocional: indicadores psicométricos del instrumento RPA en población española","authors":"Margarita Hidalgo García, Rafael J. Martínez Cervantes, Cristina Senín-Calderón, J. F. Rodríguez-Testal","doi":"10.5944/AP.16.1.22180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.16.1.22180","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEn la investigación clínica, el afecto positivo ha recibido menos atención que su dimensión paralela: el afecto negativo. Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Afectividad Positiva (Response to Positive Affect), para su adaptación al castellano y validación en población española. La escala mide las respuestas a las emociones experimentadas ante situaciones positivas (regulación emocional). Según los autores de la escala, está compuesta por tres factores: Amortiguación, Rumia positiva centrada en la emoción y Rumia positiva centrada en la persona. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, con 970 participantes de población general y clínica, análisis de la consistencia interna, invarianza para sexo y grupo (pacientes/controles) y validez concurrente. Se obtuvo la misma estructura factorial planteada por los creadores de la versión original de la escala. Se obtuvieron adecuados valores para la consistencia interna, invarianza para sexo y pacientes/controles, y correlaciones significativas con el cuestionario de salud general y el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Castigo y Sensibilidad a la Recompensa de sensibilidad al castigo y a la recompensa. La escala presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. La Escala de Afectividad Positiva es un instrumento que puede permitir el estudio y análisis de la rumia positiva y la amortiguación, por tanto, la regulación de los estados emocionales positivos, complementando otros instrumentos centrados en otros procesos como la rumia y la afectividad negativa. Puede ser particularmente útil para la evaluación, seguimiento, y planificación de la intervención ante trastornos de ansiedad, depresivos y bipolares, entre otros, al evaluar características de regulación emocional en la persona evaluada.AbstractPossitive affect has often been neglected throughout research in clinical psychology, with respect to its parallel dimension: Negative affect. This study analyses the psychometric properties of the Response to Positive Affect scale in order for it to be adapted and validated in Spanish population. The scale measures people reaction to the emotions experienced from positive situations (emotion regulation). According to the authors of the scale, it is compossed by three factors: Dampening, Emotion-focused possitive rumination and Self-focused possitive rumination. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out, with 970 participants from general and clinical population, along with analyses about internal consistency, invariance analysis for gender and group (patients/controls) and concurrent validity. The factors obtained were the same as the ones proposed by the creators of the original scale. Furthermore, the values for internal consistency were adecuate, invariance for sex and group (patients/controls), as well as the correlations with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (sensitivity to punishment","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.16.1.22180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71246234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ruvalcaba-Romero, Julia Gallegos-Guajardo, L. Alfaro-Beracoechea, Gabriela Orozco-Solís
The main purpose of this study was to identify the existing relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction, as well as some sociodemographic aspects related to gender differences. Both the Virtue and Strength Inventory (IVYF; Cosentino & Castro, 2008) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) were administered to 343 undergraduate students whose primary major of study pertained to health professions. Results indicated that for women, love and gratitude are the strengths that explained 21.3 % of the variance regarding satisfaction with life, while love and social intelligence predicted 44.5 % of life satisfaction for men. Results are discussed under the light of cultural differences.
{"title":"Character strengths, sociodemographic characteristics, and life satisfaction in Mexican students","authors":"N. Ruvalcaba-Romero, Julia Gallegos-Guajardo, L. Alfaro-Beracoechea, Gabriela Orozco-Solís","doi":"10.5944/AP.15.2.22207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.15.2.22207","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study was to identify the existing relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction, as well as some sociodemographic aspects related to gender differences. Both the Virtue and Strength Inventory (IVYF; Cosentino & Castro, 2008) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) were administered to 343 undergraduate students whose primary major of study pertained to health professions. Results indicated that for women, love and gratitude are the strengths that explained 21.3 % of the variance regarding satisfaction with life, while love and social intelligence predicted 44.5 % of life satisfaction for men. Results are discussed under the light of cultural differences.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.15.2.22207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl J. Alcázar-Olán, C. González-Fragoso, David Jiménez-Rodríguez, José Luis Rojas-Solís
Low trait anger, the tendency to stay calm in order to cope with frustrating everyday situations, is associated with mental health and positive outcomes. Its counterpart is high trait anger, defined as intense and chronic irritability, which usually has detrimental effects on the individuals and their relationships. The purpose of this study was to test three hypotheses in adolescents with high (n = 94) and low trait anger (n = 140), with a mean age of 13.06 (SD = 0.77). Hypotheses 1 and 2 addressed the parents’ behavior (parenting practices), and hypothesis 3 assessed social skills, anger and aggression. In particular, compared to adolescents with high trait anger, those with low trait anger: 1) experience less imposition and psychological control (i.e., less negative parenting) from both, mother and father; 2) experience more communication, autonomy, and behavioral control (i.e., more positive parenting) from mother and father; and 3) present more social skills, reflected in lower levels of anger-out, lower aggression toward other individuals, and higher levels of anger self-control. The findings, as a result, supported the three hypotheses. Aggression and social skills did not differ according to gender. However, female participants experienced higher levels of trait anger than did male participants.
{"title":"Low (not High) Trait Anger is a Personal Strength in Adolescents","authors":"Raúl J. Alcázar-Olán, C. González-Fragoso, David Jiménez-Rodríguez, José Luis Rojas-Solís","doi":"10.5944/AP.15.2.21748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.15.2.21748","url":null,"abstract":"Low trait anger, the tendency to stay calm in order to cope with frustrating everyday situations, is associated with mental health and positive outcomes. Its counterpart is high trait anger, defined as intense and chronic irritability, which usually has detrimental effects on the individuals and their relationships. The purpose of this study was to test three hypotheses in adolescents with high (n = 94) and low trait anger (n = 140), with a mean age of 13.06 (SD = 0.77). Hypotheses 1 and 2 addressed the parents’ behavior (parenting practices), and hypothesis 3 assessed social skills, anger and aggression. In particular, compared to adolescents with high trait anger, those with low trait anger: 1) experience less imposition and psychological control (i.e., less negative parenting) from both, mother and father; 2) experience more communication, autonomy, and behavioral control (i.e., more positive parenting) from mother and father; and 3) present more social skills, reflected in lower levels of anger-out, lower aggression toward other individuals, and higher levels of anger self-control. The findings, as a result, supported the three hypotheses. Aggression and social skills did not differ according to gender. However, female participants experienced higher levels of trait anger than did male participants.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.15.2.21748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46142227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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