C. Lau, Anita Feher, Claire A. Wilson, S. Babcock, D. Saklofske
While presence of meaning in life (i.e., presence) is associated with a plethora of desirable qualities (e.g., greater well-being, longevity, positive affect), search for meaning is associated with psychological distress (e.g., reports of conflict, rumination, depression; Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009). Individuals with higher resiliency, defined as a multifaceted competency in adapting and recovering from adversity, could potentially mitigate the distress associated with search, and thus, achieve greater satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study examined the moderating role of meaning in life between resiliency (i.e., sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) and SWL in a sample of Canadian university students ( N =289). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that there was a positive association between resiliency and SWL and this association was stronger at higher levels compared to lower levels of search for meaning. These results suggest that individuals searching for meaning with high levels of mastery have the greatest SWL, while their counterparts with low mastery have the lowest SWL. Similar moderating effects of search were found with the positive association between sense of relatedness and SWL. Overall, findings suggest that protective factors in resiliency may buffer against the potential negative impact of search.
{"title":"Resiliency, Meaning in Life, and Life Satisfaction: An Examination of Moderating Effects","authors":"C. Lau, Anita Feher, Claire A. Wilson, S. Babcock, D. Saklofske","doi":"10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","url":null,"abstract":"While presence of meaning in life (i.e., presence) is associated with a plethora of desirable qualities (e.g., greater well-being, longevity, positive affect), search for meaning is associated with psychological distress (e.g., reports of conflict, rumination, depression; Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009). Individuals with higher resiliency, defined as a multifaceted competency in adapting and recovering from adversity, could potentially mitigate the distress associated with search, and thus, achieve greater satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study examined the moderating role of meaning in life between resiliency (i.e., sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) and SWL in a sample of Canadian university students ( N =289). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that there was a positive association between resiliency and SWL and this association was stronger at higher levels compared to lower levels of search for meaning. These results suggest that individuals searching for meaning with high levels of mastery have the greatest SWL, while their counterparts with low mastery have the lowest SWL. Similar moderating effects of search were found with the positive association between sense of relatedness and SWL. Overall, findings suggest that protective factors in resiliency may buffer against the potential negative impact of search.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Novo, A. Pereira, M. J. Vázquez, Bárbara G. Amado
Resumen Aunque la literatura ha abordado ampliamente el estudio de la prisionizacion, el analisis de los efectos de las variables criminologicas en la adaptacion a prision y del estatus social en prision, y de estas en el ajuste psicologico y las destrezas cognitivas que emplean los internos no ha sido suficientemente trabajado. Para conocer de ello, evaluamos en variables criminologicas, adaptacion a prision, estatus social en prision, ajuste psicologico y destrezas cognitivas a una muestra de 112 internos varones en cumplimiento de una pena privativa de libertad de una prision portuguesa, con edades entre 23 y 74 anos ( M = 40.40, DT = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) con antecedentes penales (reincidentes). Los resultados revelaron que las variables criminologicas (e.g., problemas en la familia) estaban relacionados con niveles mas bajos de adaptacion a la prision. Ademas, los internos presentaban peor ajuste psicologico que la poblacion general, y los reincidentes que los primarios. Asimismo, tambien pusieron de manifiesto que los internos se caracterizaban en la resolucion de problemas por recurrir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas (i.e., Evitacion cognitiva, Aceptacion o Resignacion, Busqueda de recompensas alternativas, Descarga emocional), en detrimento de las aproximativas (i.e., Analisis logico). Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para el diseno de programas de intervencion dentro de prision y la preparacion para la vida en libertad (i.e., tercer grado). Abstract Although prisonization has been studied in previous literature, the effects of criminological variables on prison adaption and prison social status; and of the latter on psychological adjustment and cognitive skills have not been sufficiently analysed. As for knowing about this, 112 male prison inmates with an age range between 23 and 74 years ( M = 40.40, SD = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) with criminal records (recidivists) serving sentences in a Portuguese prison were evaluated in prison adaption, prison social status, psychological adjustment and cognitive skills. The results showed that criminological variables (e.g., family problems) were related with lower levels of adaption to prison. Furthermore, prison inmates exhibited a significant worse psychological adjustment than the normative population, and recidivists than primary offenders. Likewise, the results revealed that prison inmates were characterized in problem solving tasks by adopting an avoidant coping style (i.e., Cognitive avoidance, Acceptance or Resignation, Seeking alternative rewards, Emotional discharge), at the expense of an approach coping style (i.e., Logical analysis). The implications of the results for in-prison intervention programmes design and the preparation for a third-degree life i.e., under parole, are discussed.
{"title":"Adaptation to prison and psychological adjustment in a sample of prison inmates","authors":"M. Novo, A. Pereira, M. J. Vázquez, Bárbara G. Amado","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Aunque la literatura ha abordado ampliamente el estudio de la prisionizacion, el analisis de los efectos de las variables criminologicas en la adaptacion a prision y del estatus social en prision, y de estas en el ajuste psicologico y las destrezas cognitivas que emplean los internos no ha sido suficientemente trabajado. Para conocer de ello, evaluamos en variables criminologicas, adaptacion a prision, estatus social en prision, ajuste psicologico y destrezas cognitivas a una muestra de 112 internos varones en cumplimiento de una pena privativa de libertad de una prision portuguesa, con edades entre 23 y 74 anos ( M = 40.40, DT = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) con antecedentes penales (reincidentes). Los resultados revelaron que las variables criminologicas (e.g., problemas en la familia) estaban relacionados con niveles mas bajos de adaptacion a la prision. Ademas, los internos presentaban peor ajuste psicologico que la poblacion general, y los reincidentes que los primarios. Asimismo, tambien pusieron de manifiesto que los internos se caracterizaban en la resolucion de problemas por recurrir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas (i.e., Evitacion cognitiva, Aceptacion o Resignacion, Busqueda de recompensas alternativas, Descarga emocional), en detrimento de las aproximativas (i.e., Analisis logico). Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para el diseno de programas de intervencion dentro de prision y la preparacion para la vida en libertad (i.e., tercer grado). Abstract Although prisonization has been studied in previous literature, the effects of criminological variables on prison adaption and prison social status; and of the latter on psychological adjustment and cognitive skills have not been sufficiently analysed. As for knowing about this, 112 male prison inmates with an age range between 23 and 74 years ( M = 40.40, SD = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) with criminal records (recidivists) serving sentences in a Portuguese prison were evaluated in prison adaption, prison social status, psychological adjustment and cognitive skills. The results showed that criminological variables (e.g., family problems) were related with lower levels of adaption to prison. Furthermore, prison inmates exhibited a significant worse psychological adjustment than the normative population, and recidivists than primary offenders. Likewise, the results revealed that prison inmates were characterized in problem solving tasks by adopting an avoidant coping style (i.e., Cognitive avoidance, Acceptance or Resignation, Seeking alternative rewards, Emotional discharge), at the expense of an approach coping style (i.e., Logical analysis). The implications of the results for in-prison intervention programmes design and the preparation for a third-degree life i.e., under parole, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen La relacion madre-hijo se ha estudiado tradicionalmente desde la perspectiva de la teoria del apego. Pero, ademas, es un fenomeno psicologico y social al que el nino dota de sentido y que trata de comprender. Para explorar la comprension infantil de esta dimension de la relacion, hemos entrevistado a 85 ninos de entre siete y nueve anos mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro historias, en las que se relacionaban el Sistema de Apego y el Sistema de Cuidado. El analisis de las respuestas de los ninos muestra que el 97 % atribuyen malestar en la madre en relacion con la vivencia de amenaza del hijo. Los ninos de estas edades poseen ya una comprension del Sistema de Cuidado de la madre en conexion con el Sistema de Apego del hijo. La responsabilidad y la empatia de la madre forman parte de las respuestas de los ninos de estas edades como activadores de su comportamiento de cuidado y proteccion hacia el hijo. Las representaciones de los ninos pueden organizarse en niveles de comprension cada vez mas sofisticados y complejos. Conocer los sentimientos y motivaciones que los ninos atribuyen a la madre en su rol de cuidadora principal y la vision infantil de las leyes emocionales que rigen las relaciones afectivas madre-hijo, puede ofrecernos nuevas perspectivas acerca de como se construyen las relaciones de apego y resultar util en la deteccion e intervencion en apegos no saludables, en ambos miembros de la diada. Abstract The mother-child relationship has traditionally been studied from the perspective of attachment theory. But in addition, they are a psychological and social phenomenon to which the child gives meaning and tries to understand. To explore the child's understanding of this dimension of the relationship, we interviewed 85 children between 7 and 9 years old through a semi-structured interview with four stories, in which the Attachment System and the System of Care were related. The analysis of the children's responses shows that 97 % attribute discomfort in the mother in relation to the experience of threat of the child. Children of these ages already have an understanding of the Mother's System of Care in connection with the child's attachment system. The responsibility and empathy of the mother are part of the responses of children of these ages as activators of their behavior of care and protection for the child. Children´s representations can be organized at increasingly sophisticated and complex levels of understanding. Knowing the feelings and motivations that children attribute to the mother in her role of primary caregiver and the child's vision of the emotional laws that govern affective mother-child relationships, can offer us new perspectives on how attachment relationships are built and be useful in the detection and intervention in unhealthy attachments, in both members of the dyad.
最后，我们分析了在不同的社会经济背景下，家庭和工作生活之间的关系。但这也是一种心理和社会现象，孩子赋予了意义，并试图理解。为了探讨儿童对这一关系维度的理解，我们对85名7 - 9岁的儿童进行了半结构化访谈，访谈内容包括四个故事，涉及依恋系统和护理系统。对儿童反应的分析显示，97%的儿童将母亲的不适归因于孩子受到的威胁。在这个年龄段的孩子已经了解了母亲的照顾系统与孩子的依恋系统的关系。母亲的责任和同理心是这些年龄段儿童反应的一部分，作为他们照顾和保护孩子行为的激活因素。孩子们的表现可以被组织成越来越复杂和复杂的理解水平。了解情绪和动机需要孩子对母亲的角色主要保姆vision in-fantil法律和情感有关情感关系的母亲,可以给我们新的perspecti-vas有关建造有用的感情关系,而且在成为和诺apegos感知差距对不健康,在这两个成员。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。但除此之外，它们是一种心理和社会现象，而不是儿童赋予其意义并试图理解的现象。为了探讨儿童对这一关系维度的理解，我们对85名7岁和9岁的儿童进行了半结构化访谈，访谈内容涉及四个与依恋制度和照料制度有关的故事。对儿童反应的分析表明，97%的人认为母亲的不适与儿童受到威胁的经历有关。这些年龄的儿童已经了解母亲的照顾制度与儿童的依恋制度有关。母亲的责任和同理心是这些年龄的儿童的反应的一部分，是他们照顾和保护儿童行为的触发因素。儿童代表可以以日益复杂和复杂的理解水平组织起来。Knowing the着and motivations that children属性to the母亲in her role of primary caregiver and the child’s vision of the emotional法律予以govern affective mother-child rela-tionships 1.68亿new perspectives on how can offer attach-ment有用的关于relationships are built and be in the检测和干预in attachments unhealthy, in both mem-bers of the dyad。
{"title":"Children's Understanding of Emotion in the System of Care","authors":"Cristina Sanz Guerra, Purificación Sierra García","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La relacion madre-hijo se ha estudiado tradicionalmente desde la perspectiva de la teoria del apego. Pero, ademas, es un fenomeno psicologico y social al que el nino dota de sentido y que trata de comprender. Para explorar la comprension infantil de esta dimension de la relacion, hemos entrevistado a 85 ninos de entre siete y nueve anos mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro historias, en las que se relacionaban el Sistema de Apego y el Sistema de Cuidado. El analisis de las respuestas de los ninos muestra que el 97 % atribuyen malestar en la madre en relacion con la vivencia de amenaza del hijo. Los ninos de estas edades poseen ya una comprension del Sistema de Cuidado de la madre en conexion con el Sistema de Apego del hijo. La responsabilidad y la empatia de la madre forman parte de las respuestas de los ninos de estas edades como activadores de su comportamiento de cuidado y proteccion hacia el hijo. Las representaciones de los ninos pueden organizarse en niveles de comprension cada vez mas sofisticados y complejos. Conocer los sentimientos y motivaciones que los ninos atribuyen a la madre en su rol de cuidadora principal y la vision infantil de las leyes emocionales que rigen las relaciones afectivas madre-hijo, puede ofrecernos nuevas perspectivas acerca de como se construyen las relaciones de apego y resultar util en la deteccion e intervencion en apegos no saludables, en ambos miembros de la diada. Abstract The mother-child relationship has traditionally been studied from the perspective of attachment theory. But in addition, they are a psychological and social phenomenon to which the child gives meaning and tries to understand. To explore the child's understanding of this dimension of the relationship, we interviewed 85 children between 7 and 9 years old through a semi-structured interview with four stories, in which the Attachment System and the System of Care were related. The analysis of the children's responses shows that 97 % attribute discomfort in the mother in relation to the experience of threat of the child. Children of these ages already have an understanding of the Mother's System of Care in connection with the child's attachment system. The responsibility and empathy of the mother are part of the responses of children of these ages as activators of their behavior of care and protection for the child. Children´s representations can be organized at increasingly sophisticated and complex levels of understanding. Knowing the feelings and motivations that children attribute to the mother in her role of primary caregiver and the child's vision of the emotional laws that govern affective mother-child relationships, can offer us new perspectives on how attachment relationships are built and be useful in the detection and intervention in unhealthy attachments, in both members of the dyad.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Martínez, Victor Franco, José Manuel Hernández López
This paper describes a single-case psychological intervention with a Spanish National Greco-Roman Wrestling Team wrestler. The aim of the intervention was to reduce pre-competitive anxiety in order to increase his athletic performance through a psychological skills program based on mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring and pre-competitive routines. The CSAI-2R was used before, during and after the intervention for assessing anxiety. Self-monitoring registers for mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuration and precompetitive routines specifically designed for this case were also used. Results showed the athlete highly reduced precompetitive anxiety and increase athletic performance.
{"title":"Psychological Intervention aimed at Controlling Anxiety in a Spanish Greco-Roman Wrestler","authors":"E. Martínez, Victor Franco, José Manuel Hernández López","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a single-case psychological intervention with a Spanish National Greco-Roman Wrestling Team wrestler. The aim of the intervention was to reduce pre-competitive anxiety in order to increase his athletic performance through a psychological skills program based on mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring and pre-competitive routines. The CSAI-2R was used before, during and after the intervention for assessing anxiety. Self-monitoring registers for mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuration and precompetitive routines specifically designed for this case were also used. Results showed the athlete highly reduced precompetitive anxiety and increase athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49069396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Garrido-Macías, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, Francisca Expósito
Resumen La violencia sexual es un problema actual sobre el que se necesita estudio empirico, pues afecta a mas del 30 % de las mujeres en sus relaciones con los hombres. El objetivo de esta investigacion ha sido comprobar el modo en el que el tipo de tactica utilizada para conseguir sexo, el genero y el sexismo benevolo influyen en la responsabilidad que se le atribuye al agresor. Utilizando una muestra de 305 participantes, se presenta un escenario sexual en el contexto de una relacion de pareja, en el que se manipula el tipo de tactica utilizada para tener sexo (neutra, persuasion o coercion sexual). Los resultados indican que las personas responsabilizan mas al agresor cuando la tactica utilizada es persuasion o coercion sexual, que cuando se utilizan tacticas no violentas (neutra). Ademas, se comprueba que los hombres con alto sexismo benevolo culpan menos al agresor solamente cuando este utiliza tacticas mas sutiles de violencia sexual (persuasion sexual), mientras que este efecto no ocurre en las mujeres. Estos resultados permiten proporcionar un marco teorico sobre el que incidir para establecer los limites de los comportamientos que se consideran aceptables o no en una relacion, contribuyendo a su deteccion y rechazo, asi como para considerar su influencia en la toma de decision del ambito juridico en los casos de violencia de genero. Abstract Sexual violence is a current problem that requires empirical study, since it affects more than 30 % of women in their relationships with men. The aim of the research has been to verify the way in which the type of tactics used to obtain sex, along with gender and benevolent sexism can have an impact on the responsibility attributed to the aggressor. Using a sample of 305 participants, a sexual scenario is presented in a relationship context where the type of tactic used to have sex (neutral, sexual coaxing, or sexual coercion) is manipulated. The results indicate that people attribute more responsibility to the aggressor when the tactic used is sexual coaxing or sexual coercion than when using non-violent (neutral) tactics. In addition, men with high benevolent sexism blame the aggressor less, but only when the subtlest tactics of sexual violence (sexual coaxing) are used, whereas this effect does not occur in women. These results provide a theoretical framework for establishing the limits of the behaviours that are considered acceptable (or not) in a relationship, contributing to their detection and having implications for legal decision-making in cases of gender violence.
{"title":"Attribution of responsibility for sexual violence: Effect of type of tactic, gender and benevolent sexism","authors":"Marta Garrido-Macías, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, Francisca Expósito","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La violencia sexual es un problema actual sobre el que se necesita estudio empirico, pues afecta a mas del 30 % de las mujeres en sus relaciones con los hombres. El objetivo de esta investigacion ha sido comprobar el modo en el que el tipo de tactica utilizada para conseguir sexo, el genero y el sexismo benevolo influyen en la responsabilidad que se le atribuye al agresor. Utilizando una muestra de 305 participantes, se presenta un escenario sexual en el contexto de una relacion de pareja, en el que se manipula el tipo de tactica utilizada para tener sexo (neutra, persuasion o coercion sexual). Los resultados indican que las personas responsabilizan mas al agresor cuando la tactica utilizada es persuasion o coercion sexual, que cuando se utilizan tacticas no violentas (neutra). Ademas, se comprueba que los hombres con alto sexismo benevolo culpan menos al agresor solamente cuando este utiliza tacticas mas sutiles de violencia sexual (persuasion sexual), mientras que este efecto no ocurre en las mujeres. Estos resultados permiten proporcionar un marco teorico sobre el que incidir para establecer los limites de los comportamientos que se consideran aceptables o no en una relacion, contribuyendo a su deteccion y rechazo, asi como para considerar su influencia en la toma de decision del ambito juridico en los casos de violencia de genero. Abstract Sexual violence is a current problem that requires empirical study, since it affects more than 30 % of women in their relationships with men. The aim of the research has been to verify the way in which the type of tactics used to obtain sex, along with gender and benevolent sexism can have an impact on the responsibility attributed to the aggressor. Using a sample of 305 participants, a sexual scenario is presented in a relationship context where the type of tactic used to have sex (neutral, sexual coaxing, or sexual coercion) is manipulated. The results indicate that people attribute more responsibility to the aggressor when the tactic used is sexual coaxing or sexual coercion than when using non-violent (neutral) tactics. In addition, men with high benevolent sexism blame the aggressor less, but only when the subtlest tactics of sexual violence (sexual coaxing) are used, whereas this effect does not occur in women. These results provide a theoretical framework for establishing the limits of the behaviours that are considered acceptable (or not) in a relationship, contributing to their detection and having implications for legal decision-making in cases of gender violence.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisca Fariña, Vanesa Parada, M. Novo, Dolores Seijo
A parenting coordinator (PC) is a professional who intervenes in judicial contexts involving high conflict parental litigation in order to safeguard the child’s best interest, as well as dealing with issues concerning coparenting. This new role has been the object of specific directives from international professional associations such as the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC, 2006), and the American Psychological Association (APA, 2012), who have established guidelines for professional practice. The figure of the PC has been introduced only recently in Spain, with Catalonia being the first autonomous communities to do so. Bearing these circumstances in mind, this study aims to assess the impact of this new figure on judicial judgements by examining both the legal reasoning, and the judges’ rationale guiding the professional practice of this figure. Judicial judgements from the CENDOJ database involving the figure of the Parenting coordinator were analysed. The results obtained shed light on the legal reasoning cited by judicial decision-makers in their judgements and the criteria employed to justify this new figure and its correspondence with international guidelines. Judgements were found to be grounded on legal reasoning and the criteria was essentially in accordance with guidelines proposed by international associations. Nevertheless, legal decision-makers must further their understanding concerning the role of the CP in order to assist families with high conflict parents to ensure positive coparenting.
{"title":"Parenting Coordinator: An Analysis of Spanish Judicial Reasoning","authors":"Francisca Fariña, Vanesa Parada, M. Novo, Dolores Seijo","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","url":null,"abstract":"A parenting coordinator (PC) is a professional who intervenes in judicial contexts involving high conflict parental litigation in order to safeguard the child’s best interest, as well as dealing with issues concerning coparenting. This new role has been the object of specific directives from international professional associations such as the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC, 2006), and the American Psychological Association (APA, 2012), who have established guidelines for professional practice. The figure of the PC has been introduced only recently in Spain, with Catalonia being the first autonomous communities to do so. Bearing these circumstances in mind, this study aims to assess the impact of this new figure on judicial judgements by examining both the legal reasoning, and the judges’ rationale guiding the professional practice of this figure. Judicial judgements from the CENDOJ database involving the figure of the Parenting coordinator were analysed. The results obtained shed light on the legal reasoning cited by judicial decision-makers in their judgements and the criteria employed to justify this new figure and its correspondence with international guidelines. Judgements were found to be grounded on legal reasoning and the criteria was essentially in accordance with guidelines proposed by international associations. Nevertheless, legal decision-makers must further their understanding concerning the role of the CP in order to assist families with high conflict parents to ensure positive coparenting.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisca Fariña, Laura Redondo, Tania Corrás, M. Vilariño
Resumen La formacion de juicios y la toma de decisiones judiciales deberian estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadisticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberian contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipotesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar informacion o hipotesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decision. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midio a traves de la demanda inicial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decision del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los resultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un analisis de contenido sistematico de las sentencias presto apoyo a la hipotesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el ahorro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Ademas, las sentencias ancladas contenian significativamente menos razonamientos favorables a la custodia; menos informacion idiosincrasica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos informacion contextual, esto es, menos prueba basada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formacion de juicios y toma de decisiones judiciales, asi como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos. Abstract Judicial judgment and decision making should be sustained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hypothesis without confirming it and rejecting other information or alternative hypotheses though they may be relevant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases’ judicial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judicial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyncratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the anchorage prevalence in judicial sentences.
本文提出了一种新的方法，通过这种方法，研究人员可以确定哪些因素是最重要的，哪些因素是最重要的。在文献中广泛研究的偏见的一个来源是锚定，它涉及认知储蓄，接受初始假设而不确认它，拒绝替代信息或假设，即使它们可能与判断或决策相关。为了了解锚定在家庭案件司法判决中的流行程度和影响，我们从CENDOJ数据库中随机选择了811个有争议的判决。锚定是通过监护权纠纷(家庭法院)的初步诉讼或初审法院的裁决(上诉)来衡量的。结果显示，70.2%的决策是固定的。对判决的系统内容分析支持了这样一个假设，即锚定作为法官和法院的认知抑制工具(约12%)。此外，固定判决中有利于拘留的理由明显减少;较少的特殊信息，即法官自己的推理;更少的背景信息，也就是说，更少的证据。本文讨论了这些结果对司法判断和决策的影响，以及减轻其影响的选择。抽象的司法判断和决策应采用正式的或统计的推理，避免有偏见的推理。因此，司法推理不应包含任何偏见。A profusely studied source of调is锚地implying A cognitive拯救by accepting the initial hy-pothesis without confirming it and rejecting其他infor-mation或替代hypotheses尽管they may be rel-evant to the task at hand。为了了解家庭案件司法判决中固定判决的普遍情况和效果，从CENDOJ数据库中随机选取了811个西班牙监护争议判决。安克雷奇是通过儿童监护权纠纷的初步索赔(一审法院)或初步司法裁决(上诉法院)来衡量的。结果表明，70.2%的司法判决得到了确认。对判决内容的系统分析支持安克雷奇为法官和法院提供了挽救认知活动的技能的假设(约12%)。更重要的是，对羁押理由明显较差的固定判决;较少的特殊信息，即法官自己的推理;= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，这个县的总面积，其中土地和(1.1%)水。讨论了对司法判决和决定的影响，以及控制司法判决中普遍存在的可能性。
{"title":"Study of the Effects of Anchorage in Judicial Judgements in Child Custody Dispute Proceedings","authors":"Francisca Fariña, Laura Redondo, Tania Corrás, M. Vilariño","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La formacion de juicios y la toma de decisiones judiciales deberian estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadisticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberian contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipotesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar informacion o hipotesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decision. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midio a traves de la demanda inicial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decision del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los resultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un analisis de contenido sistematico de las sentencias presto apoyo a la hipotesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el ahorro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Ademas, las sentencias ancladas contenian significativamente menos razonamientos favorables a la custodia; menos informacion idiosincrasica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos informacion contextual, esto es, menos prueba basada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formacion de juicios y toma de decisiones judiciales, asi como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos. Abstract Judicial judgment and decision making should be sustained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hypothesis without confirming it and rejecting other information or alternative hypotheses though they may be relevant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases’ judicial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judicial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyncratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the anchorage prevalence in judicial sentences.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen El clima laboral es el resultado de las percepciones de los trabajadores asociados a su ambiente de trabajo mientras que la cultura es el conjunto de comportamientos, ideas y sentimientos compartidos que describen la forma en que se trabaja en una organizacion y que, por tanto, la definen. Estas percepciones del ambiente que definen al clima, se caracterizan porque pueden ser variables entre las personas, lo que se conoce como fuerza del clima laboral. La presente investigacion se corresponde con un estudio del clima laboral en Ecuador, donde ademas se incluye un analisis de su fuerza y de los aspectos de la cultura organizacional que mas lo afectan. Para ello se aplico una herramienta que se valido en el contexto de la investigacion, para medir diferencias en las percepciones del clima, asi como aspectos culturales asociados al mismo, en una muestra constituida por 832 trabajadores de organizaciones publicas y privadas. Los calculos se realizaron tomando en cuenta comparaciones de medias y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el clima laboral en Ecuador en terminos de fuerza puede considerarse como debil. Es de interes destacar que todas las dimensiones culturales identificadas correlacionaron de forma estadisticamente significativa y positiva con el clima, pero no con la fuerza. A partir de estos resultados, se elaboro un modelo de relaciones entre las variables de estudio con buenos indices de ajuste (CFI = 0.991, GFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.059, PCFI = 0.531, x 2 /df = 3.871). Como principales conclusiones destacamos que, al menos en el contexto de estudio, la variable fuerza va a estar directamente relacionada con el tipo de clima predominante y las acciones que se hagan para mejorarlo. Esto resulta esencial pues al existir un clima debil, van a haber consecuencias tanto al momento de su medicion como al momento de tomar decisiones para mejorarlo, debido a que existen percepciones diferentes en cada nivel de analisis del mismo, ya sea individual, grupal y organizacional. Abstract The organizational climate is the result of workers' perceptions associated with their work environment, while culture is the set of shared behaviors, ideas and feelings that define the way in which an organization works. These perceptions of the environment that define the climate, can be variable between the workers, which is known as its strength. This research corresponds to a study of the work climate in Ecuador that also includes an analysis of its strength and the aspects of the organizational culture that most affect it. A tool validated in the context of the research was used to measure differences in climate perceptions, as well as cultural aspects associated with it, in a sample of 832 workers from public and private organizations. The calculations were made taking into account mean comparisons and structural equation modeling. Our results indicated that the work climate in Ecuador in terms of strength c
{"title":"Study of the Relationship between Culture, Climate and Labour Force in Ecuador","authors":"V. Ramos, Eduardo Tejera","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El clima laboral es el resultado de las percepciones de los trabajadores asociados a su ambiente de trabajo mientras que la cultura es el conjunto de comportamientos, ideas y sentimientos compartidos que describen la forma en que se trabaja en una organizacion y que, por tanto, la definen. Estas percepciones del ambiente que definen al clima, se caracterizan porque pueden ser variables entre las personas, lo que se conoce como fuerza del clima laboral. La presente investigacion se corresponde con un estudio del clima laboral en Ecuador, donde ademas se incluye un analisis de su fuerza y de los aspectos de la cultura organizacional que mas lo afectan. Para ello se aplico una herramienta que se valido en el contexto de la investigacion, para medir diferencias en las percepciones del clima, asi como aspectos culturales asociados al mismo, en una muestra constituida por 832 trabajadores de organizaciones publicas y privadas. Los calculos se realizaron tomando en cuenta comparaciones de medias y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el clima laboral en Ecuador en terminos de fuerza puede considerarse como debil. Es de interes destacar que todas las dimensiones culturales identificadas correlacionaron de forma estadisticamente significativa y positiva con el clima, pero no con la fuerza. A partir de estos resultados, se elaboro un modelo de relaciones entre las variables de estudio con buenos indices de ajuste (CFI = 0.991, GFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.059, PCFI = 0.531, x 2 /df = 3.871). Como principales conclusiones destacamos que, al menos en el contexto de estudio, la variable fuerza va a estar directamente relacionada con el tipo de clima predominante y las acciones que se hagan para mejorarlo. Esto resulta esencial pues al existir un clima debil, van a haber consecuencias tanto al momento de su medicion como al momento de tomar decisiones para mejorarlo, debido a que existen percepciones diferentes en cada nivel de analisis del mismo, ya sea individual, grupal y organizacional. Abstract The organizational climate is the result of workers' perceptions associated with their work environment, while culture is the set of shared behaviors, ideas and feelings that define the way in which an organization works. These perceptions of the environment that define the climate, can be variable between the workers, which is known as its strength. This research corresponds to a study of the work climate in Ecuador that also includes an analysis of its strength and the aspects of the organizational culture that most affect it. A tool validated in the context of the research was used to measure differences in climate perceptions, as well as cultural aspects associated with it, in a sample of 832 workers from public and private organizations. The calculations were made taking into account mean comparisons and structural equation modeling. Our results indicated that the work climate in Ecuador in terms of strength c","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Inés Lovelle, M. Yepes-Baldó, M. Romeo, M. Soria
Resumen La eclosion de Internet a nivel mundial ha facilitado la diseminacion de pornografia infantil, siendo esta considerada un crimen a escala internacional. Por ello, hemos considerado relevante analizar los aspectos culturales vinculados a este delito. El objetivo de la presente investigacion ha sido explorar los aspectos culturales incluidos en la literatura cientifica como variables clave para analizar este tipo de delitos, partiendo de las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede (2010) como marco teorico. Durante los anos 2003 a 2016 se han publicado un total de 125 articulos sobre pornografia en la Web of Science®, si bien solo 50 de ellos contenian referencias culturales implicitas o explicitas. Los resultados mostraron que son pocas las variables culturales consideradas, siendo el pais de nacimiento o la raza las principalmente incluidas. El principal resultado de nuestra investigacion constata la importancia de incorporar la dimension cultural en el trabajo policial al establecer los indicadores que determinan el factor de riesgo en agresores. En este sentido, en el contexto europeo, herramientas como la Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) se han visto enriquecidas a partir de los resultados de esta investigacion Abstract Due to the Internet expansion around the world, child pornography is internationally considered as a crime, but we are uncertain of whether culture has some impact on it. The objective of the present review was to explore cultural aspects included in literature as key variables to analyse this type of crimes, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (2010) as theoretical framework. A total of 125 papers on pornography (period: 2003-2016) were found in Web of Science®; but only 50 contain some implicit or explicit cultural references. The results showed few cultural variables considered for the scientific approach to child pornography, being the country of birth or race the mainly only ones considered. The major contribution of our research highlights the importance to incorporate the cultural dimension in the police task to assess the indicators that determine the risk factors in aggressors. In this sense, the present research contributes to hypothesize probable cultural differences when using tools as the Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) in the European context.
{"title":"Online Child Pornography: A Cultural Focus Literature Review","authors":"María Inés Lovelle, M. Yepes-Baldó, M. Romeo, M. Soria","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La eclosion de Internet a nivel mundial ha facilitado la diseminacion de pornografia infantil, siendo esta considerada un crimen a escala internacional. Por ello, hemos considerado relevante analizar los aspectos culturales vinculados a este delito. El objetivo de la presente investigacion ha sido explorar los aspectos culturales incluidos en la literatura cientifica como variables clave para analizar este tipo de delitos, partiendo de las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede (2010) como marco teorico. Durante los anos 2003 a 2016 se han publicado un total de 125 articulos sobre pornografia en la Web of Science®, si bien solo 50 de ellos contenian referencias culturales implicitas o explicitas. Los resultados mostraron que son pocas las variables culturales consideradas, siendo el pais de nacimiento o la raza las principalmente incluidas. El principal resultado de nuestra investigacion constata la importancia de incorporar la dimension cultural en el trabajo policial al establecer los indicadores que determinan el factor de riesgo en agresores. En este sentido, en el contexto europeo, herramientas como la Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) se han visto enriquecidas a partir de los resultados de esta investigacion Abstract Due to the Internet expansion around the world, child pornography is internationally considered as a crime, but we are uncertain of whether culture has some impact on it. The objective of the present review was to explore cultural aspects included in literature as key variables to analyse this type of crimes, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (2010) as theoretical framework. A total of 125 papers on pornography (period: 2003-2016) were found in Web of Science®; but only 50 contain some implicit or explicit cultural references. The results showed few cultural variables considered for the scientific approach to child pornography, being the country of birth or race the mainly only ones considered. The major contribution of our research highlights the importance to incorporate the cultural dimension in the police task to assess the indicators that determine the risk factors in aggressors. In this sense, the present research contributes to hypothesize probable cultural differences when using tools as the Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) in the European context.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vilariño, Bárbara G. Amado, E. Fernandes, R. Arce
Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer el ajuste psicologico (sintomatologia y diagnostico clinico) y las destrezas para la resolucion de problemas (afrontamiento) en una poblacion de homicidas, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se contrastaron ambos factores entre una muestra de condenados por homicidio o tentativa de homicidio, con la poblacion normativa. Participaron en el estudio 27 hombres internos en el Centro Penitenciario de Oporto (Portugal), con una edad promedio de 38.63 anos. Para la medida del ajuste psicologico se acudio al SCL-90-R, mientras que el afrontamiento fue evaluado mediante el CRI-A. Los resultados revelaron que los reclusos mostraban una probabilidad superior de ser clasificados como casos clinicos en las dimensiones clinicas del SCL-90-R, a excepcion de Hostilidad, asi como puntuaciones significativamente mas elevadas en las dimensiones clinicas a excepcion de Hostilidad y Ansiedad Fobica, y en los tres indices globales (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Ademas, la muestra de condenados se caracterizaba por acudir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas, que son reconocidas como formas desadaptativas o improductivas. Asimismo, del estudio de las caracteristicas delictivas se verifico que la mayoria de los acusados guardaban algun tipo de relacion previa con la victima, y que la muestra homicida se caracterizaba por versatilidad delictiva y tendencia a la reincidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la practica profesional en el contexto penitenciario. Abstract With the aim of knowing about psychological adjustment (clinical symptomatology and diagnosis) and problem-solving skills (coping) in a homicide prison inmate population, a study to contrast sentenced murderers or attempted murderers with the normative population was conducted. Participated in the research, 27 male prison inmates at the Prison of Oporto (Portugal) with an age average of 38.63. Psychological adjustment and coping strategies were measured with the SCL-90-R checklist and the CRI-A questionnaire, respectively. The results exhibited that prison inmates showed a higher probability of being classified as clinical cases in most of the SCL-90-R dimensions (except in Hostility), as well as significantly higher scores in almost all of them (with the exception of Hostility and Phobic Anxiety), an in the global indexes (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Furthermore, prison inmates were characterized by using avoidance coping strategies, which are considered such as maladaptive or unproductive. Likewise, the results from the criminological characteristics of the inmates have revealed that homicides had a previous relationship with the victim, criminal versatility and a recidivism trend. Implications of the results for professional practice in penitentiary setting are discussed.
摘要目的了解精神病(sinto-matologia调整和临床)和技能diagnostico亚洲问题(对抗)pobla-cion射击游戏,进行了一项研究样本之间的核对了两因素合成被判谋杀或杀人未遂、政策与人口的大部分。研究对象为葡萄牙波尔图监狱的27名男性囚犯，平均年龄38.63岁。在本研究中，我们评估了一项研究，该研究的目的是评估一种疾病的心理适应能力。结果显示,囚犯mos-traban一个更高概率是clinicos病例SCL-90-R clinicas层面,例外的敌意,所以像得分显著偏高维度cli-nicas敌意和渴望Fobica例外,和全球三个指数(即内阁提供销售税、PSDI)。此外，被定罪的样本的特点是诉诸回避应对策略，这被认为是不适应或无效的形式。对犯罪特征的研究表明，大多数被告以前与受害者有某种关系，而杀人样本的特点是犯罪的多样性和重复犯罪的倾向。讨论影响这些结果为监禁下的专业实践。摘要为了了解一名杀人监狱囚犯的心理调整(临床症状和诊断)和解决问题的技能(应对)，进行了一项研究，将被判刑的杀人犯或受折磨的杀人犯与正常人群进行对比。参与研究的是葡萄牙波尔图监狱的27名男性囚犯，平均年龄38.63岁。心理调整和应对策略分别采用SCL-90-R核对表和cria问卷进行衡量。The结果exhibited监狱犯人显示a higher probability of being classified as clinical cases in most of The SCL-90-R维度(except in Hostility), as well as signifi-cantly高等得分,他们两个是几乎所有(《ex-ception of Hostility and Phobic Anxiety), an in The global indexes(即内阁提供销售税、PSDI)。此外，狱友的特点是采用规避应对策略，这种策略被认为是不适应或无效的。同样，犯人的犯罪学特征的结果表明，杀人与受害人有以前的关系，犯罪的多样性和累犯的趋势。讨论了这一结果对监狱专业实践的影响。
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