Enfermeria Intensiva最新文献_第3页

Capacidad de discriminación de la escala de valoración actual del riesgo de desarrollar úlcera por presión en pacientes críticos de Quito, Ecuador

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.06.003

F.M. Guerrero-Toapanta MD, MSc, M.J. Sandoval-Cóndor RN, M.T. Usuay-Usuay RN, C.J. Paida-Cañar RN, MSc, E.E. Cuenca-Bermúdes RN

Introduction

Pressure ulcers are adverse events that increase morbidity, mortality and costs. Critically ill patients have several risk factors. There are scales that predict their occurrence; however, it is necessary to use specific scales in critically ill patients.

Objective

To evaluate the discriminative ability of the current pressure ulcer risk assessment scale in critically ill patients in Quito, Ecuador.

Method

Observational, longitudinal, prospective study. Patients hospitalized for more than 48 h without evidence of ulcers on admission were recruited. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded, as well as the current risk assessment scales, Norton, and the appearance of ulcers on a daily basis. Data were analyzed using the JAMOVI® statistical package version 2.4. The significance level was p < 0.05.

Results

A total of 306 patients were enrolled, and 5 developed ulcers (incidence of 1.63%). Grade II ulcers and sites on the face and head were most common. For the current risk assessment scale, the ROC curve defined the best cut-off point of 13, at 48 h, Youden index 0.678, sensitivity 100%, specificity 67.77%, positive predictive value 4.9%, negative predictive value 100%, with an AUC of 0.855, with a relative risk of 1.05, with 95% confidence intervals of 1.01-1.10. For Norton, the ROC curve defined the best cut-off point as 9, at 48 h, Youden index 0.646, sensitivity 64.65%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 4.55%, AUC 0.874, with a relative risk of 1.04, with 95% confidence intervals of 1.01-1.08.

Conclusions

The current risk assessment scale, similar to the Norton scale, can be used to discriminate the occurrence of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. The best assessment may be at 48 h after admission, with a cut-off point of 13.

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引用次数: 0

Incidencia de retirada no programada de dispositivos invasivos en enfermos con COVID-19 en cuidados intensivos

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.07.003

Susana Arias-Rivera PhDc, MsN, RN , Raquel Jareño-Collado RN , María del Mar Sánchez-Sánchez MsN, RN , Fernando Frutos-Vivar MD

Introduction

The rate of unscheduled removal of invasive devices (ID) is an indicator of quality programmes in the critically ill. Our research group performed prevalence analyses since 2010 and another during the pandemic. The aim was to analyse the rates of use and non-planed removal of endotracheal tubes, catheters (central venous and arterial) and enteral catheters in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic comparing them with previous rates.

Methodology

Prevalence study in a polyvalente ICU. After 4 prospective observational analyses (2010, 2011, 2018, 2019) a retrospective analysis was performed (8 March-8 May 2020). Variables: diagnosis, stay and reason for removal of ID (endotracheal tubes (ET), central venous catheters, arterial catheters and enteral catheters) and rate of reintubation after self-removal of ET. Variables analysed and described as accidental removal rates per 1000 device-days and rates of ID use.

Results

2026 patients were included (631 in 2010, 724 in 2011, 210 in 2018, 361 in 2019 and 100 in 2020). Significant differences, between all periods, in diagnoses (P<.001), ICU stay (P<.001) and mortality (P=.016) and, between 2020 and all other periods, in rates of use per 100 days-stay (P<.010) and per 100 admissions (P<.001) in all devices except arterial catheter. In 2020, there was an increase in ET obstruction (36.0%; rate 20.27 per 1000 intubation/days, P<.010), decrease in ET self-removals (2020 rate: 0.00 per 1000 intubation/days; P<.050) and enteral catheters (14.33 per 1000 catheter/days). Overall reintubation (all periods) after self-extubation: 12.5%.

Conclusions

The rate of devices self-removal in COVID-19 patients in the first wave of the pandemic was lower than that observed in the previous four periods. The high incidence rate of ET obstruction in these patients was significant and relevant.

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引用次数: 0

Eficacia de las amidas infiltradas como anestésico local en la punción arterial para gasometría: una revisión sistemática

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.06.004

Itxaso Nieves-Cámara RN , Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña RN, MPH, PhD

Aim

To assess the efficacy of infiltrated amides in reducing pain caused by arterial puncture for blood gas analysis.

Method

A search protocol was developed and applied across four databases (Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, and TRIP Database). Clinical trials published between January 2000 and May 2024, in either Spanish or English, were considered. Clinical trials comparing the analgesic efficacy of infiltrated amides in adult patients undergoing arterial puncture were selected.

Results

Five randomized clinical trials were selected, with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 133 adult patients per randomization group. The studies showed mixed results regarding the efficacy of infiltrated amides in reducing pain associated with arterial puncture. Two studies highlighted mepivacaine for its pain reduction efficacy, while the other three demonstrated variable efficacy of lidocaine.

Conclusions

The efficacy of infiltrated amides as local anesthetics in arterial puncture for blood gas analysis varies. Mepivacaine appears promising; however, further studies are needed to establish clear recommendations. It is crucial to consider patient preferences and professional experience when deciding on the use of these anesthetics.

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引用次数: 0

Factores asociados a la readmisión temprana en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: una revisión sistemática

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.05.003

V. Badilla-Morales RN, MSN , R.M.C. Sousa RN, PhD , V. Nasabun-Flores RN, MSc , C. González-Nahuelquin RN, MSN

Introduction

Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) determines worse outcomes such as higher mortality, increased hospital and ICU stay, as well as higher economic costs. When deciding which patient is suitable for transfer from the ICU, factors associated with readmission must be considered to avoid it. Knowledge of these factors helps professionals identify those patients with a higher probability of readmission, prioritizing their care, establishing and preparing interventions that seek to reduce the risk of readmission.

Objective

Determine factors associated with early readmission in patients transferred from the ICU to general hospitalization wards of the same hospital.

Method

Studies were retrieved from databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS identifying original studies on adult patients readmitted early to the ICU during the same hospitalization, in any language and without time limit. Studies of patient readmission after seven days, review articles, editorials, protocols, clinical guidelines, qualitative studies and opinion surveys were excluded.

Results

Of 755 files found, 28 articles made up the review. The most analyzed factors were age, sex, severity of the disease, comorbidity, length of stay in the ICU, mechanical ventilation and nocturnal discharge. Those most frequently associated with readmission were age, severity of illness, comorbidity, and length of ICU stay. NEWS, MEWS, and SWIFT scores were also factors associated with readmission.

Conclusion

More research is needed to identify those modifiable factors that can decrease readmission rates. Using readmission prediction instruments at the time of discharge could support the decision of which patient is most prepared for it.

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引用次数: 0

Interevaluator reliability of a tool for measuring body height in adult intensive care patients 成人重症监护患者身高测量工具的评估者内部可靠性

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.01.002

H.A. Payán-Salcedo , J.L. Estela-Zape , L.P. Chanchi-Quintero , E.C. Wilches-Luna

Background

The calculation of body height in the intensive care unit is essential for obtaining the ideal body weight, which is used to program the tidal volume and establish objective and effective pulmonary ventilation. The objective of the study was to determine the interrater reliability of a tool for measuring body height in adult patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) in southwestern Colombia.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January and May 2021, following the recommendations of the COSMIN protocol. Two physiotherapists in the roles of observer/evaluator measured the heights of 106 patients upon admission to the ICU with a previously designed. The sample size was calculated based on Pearson's correlation coefficient. For interrater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used, and Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess concordance. The 95% confidence interval was established, and a P value <0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results

A total of 106 individuals with a mean age of 59.3 years were included; the mean body height was 158.5 cm for women. The interrater reliability of the measurement of height was excellent (global ICC of 0.99, P = 0.000), and an almost perfect positive correlation was obtained between the raters for both women and men (R = 0.99).

Conclusions

Excellent interrater/interobserver reliability was obtained for the measurement of body height in the ICU. This research highlights the importance of protocolizing the measurement of height in critical patients with valid and reliable instruments.

背景重症监护室中身高的计算对于获得理想体重至关重要，理想体重可用于潮气量的设定以及建立客观有效的肺通气。本研究的目的是确定哥伦比亚西南部重症监护室（ICU）成年患者身高测量工具的交互可靠性。两名物理治疗师分别扮演观察者和评估者的角色，在 106 名患者进入重症监护室时用事先设计好的身高测量器测量他们的身高。样本量根据皮尔逊相关系数计算得出。对于评估者之间的可靠性，使用了类内相关系数（ICC），并使用布兰德-阿尔特曼分析法评估一致性。结果共纳入 106 人，平均年龄为 59.3 岁；女性的平均身高为 158.5 厘米。身高测量的评定者间可靠性极佳（总体 ICC 为 0.99，P = 0.000），男女评定者之间几乎完全正相关（R = 0.99）。这项研究强调了使用有效、可靠的仪器对危重病人进行身高测量的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The roles and responsibilities of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units: A scoping review 重症监护病房高级实践护士的角色和责任：范围界定审查

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.05.001

F. Jafari Pour MSc, RN , R. Watson PhD, RN , E. Jafaripour MSc , R. Jafarian BSc

Introduction

Since the intensive care units are one of the most sensitive hospital settings and critically ill patients undergo various stressful factors that put their lives in danger, a more advanced level of nursing practice is imperative to accommodate these issues and provide optimal care of patients.

Objectives

To review the literature describing the roles and activities performed by advanced practice nurses in intensive care units.

Review methods

We conducted a scoping review to search published articles using Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Direct, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) and Cochrane Library during a 10-year period from 2013 to 2023.

Results

We identified 729 records, from which eleven articles were included in the review. We included six reviews and five original articles or research papers. With regard to the target area of our review, we used the information provided by these studies and categorized the contents related to the roles of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units into five sections, including direct practice, education and counseling, research, collaboration, and leadership.

Conclusion

Advanced practice nurses are essential members of critical care team by playing various roles in practice, education, research, collaboration, and leadership, and therefore, they can increase patients’ access to critical care and improve healthcare outcomes. The advancement of technology and complexity of care in intensive care units have led to the role expansion of these nurses which results in task-shifting between doctors and nurses. Therefore, it is considered essential for nursing and medical professionals to reach an agreement to establish standardized roles for advanced practice nurses.

引言由于重症监护病房是最敏感的医院环境之一，重症患者承受着各种危及其生命的压力因素，因此必须提高护理实践水平，以应对这些问题并为患者提供最佳护理。综述方法我们使用 Scopus、PubMed、CINAHL (EBSCOhost)、Science Direct、MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) 和 Cochrane Library 对 2013 年至 2023 年这 10 年间发表的文章进行了范围界定综述。我们收录了六篇综述和五篇原创文章或研究论文。针对综述的目标领域，我们利用这些研究提供的信息，将高级实践护士在重症监护病房的角色相关内容分为五个部分，包括直接实践、教育和咨询、研究、合作和领导。技术的进步和重症监护室护理的复杂性导致了这些护士角色的扩展，从而造成了医生和护士之间的任务转移。因此，护理专业人员和医疗专业人员必须达成一致，为高级实习护士建立标准化的角色。

{"title":"The roles and responsibilities of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units: A scoping review","authors":"F. Jafari Pour MSc, RN , R. Watson PhD, RN , E. Jafaripour MSc , R. Jafarian BSc","doi":"10.1016/j.enfi.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enfi.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Since the intensive care units are one of the most sensitive hospital settings and critically ill patients undergo various stressful factors that put their lives in danger, a more advanced level of nursing practice is imperative to accommodate these issues and provide optimal care of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To review the literature describing the roles and activities performed by advanced practice nurses in intensive care units.</div></div><div><h3>Review methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review to search published articles using Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Direct, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) and Cochrane Library during a 10-year period from 2013 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 729 records, from which eleven articles were included in the review. We included six reviews and five original articles or research papers. With regard to the target area of our review, we used the information provided by these studies and categorized the contents related to the roles of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units into five sections, including direct practice, education and counseling, research, collaboration, and leadership.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Advanced practice nurses are essential members of critical care team by playing various roles in practice, education, research, collaboration, and leadership, and therefore, they can increase patients’ access to critical care and improve healthcare outcomes. The advancement of technology and complexity of care in intensive care units have led to the role expansion of these nurses which results in task-shifting between doctors and nurses. Therefore, it is considered essential for nursing and medical professionals to reach an agreement to establish standardized roles for advanced practice nurses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43993,"journal":{"name":"Enfermeria Intensiva","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages e31-e40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Punción ecoguiada versus técnica tradicional para la extracción de gasometrías arteriales en adultos: una revisión sistemática 成人动脉血气采样中超声引导穿刺与传统技术的比较：系统综述

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.10.003

P. Romo-Miguel RN , S. Ballesteros-Peña RN, MPH, PhD

Aim

To compare the efficacy of conventional puncture versus ultrasound-guided puncture for arterial blood gas sampling in adults.

Method

A search protocol was developed and applied to 3 databases (Medline, Cochrane, and Dialnet). Clinical trials published between January 2013 and January 2023, in Spanish or English, were considered. Outcomes in terms of first-attempt success, number of attempts until success, time taken, self-reported iatrogenic pain, and patient or professional experience were collected. The risk of bias for each included study was assessed.

Results

Five randomized clinical trials were selected, with sample sizes ranging from 50 to 238 adult patients treated in emergency settings. Three out of 4 studies showed higher first-attempt success rates when using ultrasound, and 2 out of 4 studies reported a decrease in iatrogenic pain. Discrepant findings were observed among the studies in terms of time taken and the number of attempts required for success.

Conclusions

Although current evidence is limited and the findings are heterogeneous, ultrasound-guided arterial puncture may have advantages over conventional puncture in terms of first-attempt success and in reducing iatrogenic pain.

目的比较成人动脉血气采样中传统穿刺与超声引导穿刺的疗效。方法制定了检索方案，并应用于 3 个数据库（Medline、Cochrane 和 Dialnet）。检索对象为 2013 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月间发表的西班牙文或英文临床试验。收集了首次尝试成功率、成功前尝试次数、所需时间、自我报告的先天性疼痛以及患者或专业人员的经验等方面的结果。对每项纳入研究的偏倚风险进行了评估。结果筛选出了 5 项随机临床试验，样本量从 50 到 238 名在急诊环境中接受治疗的成年患者不等。4项研究中有3项显示，使用超声波治疗时首次尝试成功率更高，4项研究中有2项报告称人为疼痛有所减轻。结论虽然目前的证据有限，研究结果也不尽相同，但超声引导下动脉穿刺在首次穿刺成功率和减少先天性疼痛方面可能比传统穿刺更有优势。

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引用次数: 0

Adverse events with arterial catheters in intensive care units: a scoping review 重症监护病房动脉导管不良事件：范围界定综述

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.04.005

P.M. Mariano-Gomes, A. Ouverney-Braz, G. Oroski-Paes

Introduction

The installation of an arterial line is one of the invasive procedures performed for hemodynamic monitoring and, even with its clear importance in intensive care, it is still an invasive procedure and liable to cause harms to the patients.

Objective

To identify the adverse events associated with the use of arterial catheters in critically-ill patients in the world scientific production.

Methodology

The present scoping review was conducted according to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was used for reporting. The research question was “Which adverse events related to the use of arterial catheters in patients admitted to intensive care are more evident in the literature?”. Data collection took place in the following databases: LILACS; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL, EBSCOhost; and WEB OF SCIENCE.

Results

Through the search strategies, 491 articles were found in the databases. After exclusion of duplicates, peer analysis of titles and abstracts, full reading and screening of lists of references, the final sample of studies included was 38 articles. The main harms cited by the publications were as follows: limb ischemia, thrombosis, hemorrhage, accidental removal, inadvertent connection of inadequate infusion solution, pseudoaneurysm and bloodstream infection.

Conclusions

It was evidenced that patients are subjected to risks of adverse events from the insertion moment to removal of the arterial catheter, focusing on the infusion solution used to fill the circuit, the type of securement and dressings chosen, as well as the Nursing care measures for the prevention of bloodstream infection.

导言动脉导管的安装是血流动力学监测的侵入性操作之一，尽管它在重症监护中的重要性不言而喻，但它仍然是一种侵入性操作，容易对患者造成伤害。报告时使用了 "系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目扩展范围综述"（PRISMA-ScR）核对表。研究问题是 "在文献中，哪些与重症监护患者使用动脉导管相关的不良事件更为明显？数据收集工作在以下数据库中进行：结果通过检索策略，在数据库中找到了 491 篇文章。在排除重复文章、对标题和摘要进行同行分析、全面阅读和筛选参考文献列表后，最终纳入了 38 篇研究样本。结论有证据表明，患者从动脉导管插入到拔出的整个过程中都有发生不良事件的风险，主要集中在用于填充回路的输液、选择的固定和敷料类型，以及预防血流感染的护理措施。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers to reporting adverse events from the perspective of ICU nurses: A mixed-method study 从重症监护病房护士的角度看报告不良事件的障碍：混合方法研究

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.12.003

D. Kohanová PhD, RN , D. Bartoníčková MSc, RN

Introduction

Nurses represent the largest group of healthcare professionals and are responsible for improving patient safety, including reporting adverse events. However, adverse events are underreported due to the many barriers that compromise patient safety in the hospital setting.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the barriers to reporting adverse events as perceived by nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods

The exploratory sequential mixed-method study design was used. Data were collected between January 2022 and March 2023 in intensive care units of one selected university hospital in the Slovak Republic. The quantitative phase was carried out using a specific instrument to explore barriers to reporting adverse events and included 111 nurses from the ICU. The qualitative phase was conducted using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and consisted of 10 nurses from the ICU.

Results

In terms of quantitative aspect, fear of liability, lawsuits, or sanctions was the most significant barrier to reporting adverse events among ICU nurses. As a result of qualitative thematic analysis, four significant barriers to reporting adverse events were identified: negative attitude toward reporting adverse events; lack of knowledge and experience in reporting adverse events; time scarcity; fear.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, it is evident that only effective and regular reporting of adverse events leads to the minimization of adverse events. To improve patient safety in hospitals, education and management practices must be implemented to overcome barriers to reporting adverse events. The most important approach to overcoming barriers to reporting adverse events is to implement a culture of no blame and a positive culture of patient safety.

导言：护士是医护人员中最大的群体，负责改善患者安全，包括报告不良事件。本研究旨在调查重症监护室（ICU）护士在报告不良事件时遇到的障碍。研究方法采用探索性顺序混合方法研究设计，于 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期间在斯洛伐克共和国一所选定的大学医院重症监护室收集数据。数据收集时间为 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月，地点为斯洛伐克共和国一所选定大学医院的重症监护病房。定量研究阶段使用特定的工具来探究上报不良事件的障碍，包括来自重症监护室的 111 名护士。定性阶段采用半结构化面对面访谈的方式进行，包括来自重症监护室的 10 名护士。结果在定量方面，对责任、诉讼或制裁的恐惧是重症监护室护士报告不良事件的最大障碍。通过定性专题分析，确定了上报不良事件的四个重要障碍：对上报不良事件的消极态度；缺乏上报不良事件的知识和经验；时间不足；恐惧。为了提高医院的患者安全，必须实施教育和管理措施来克服不良事件上报的障碍。克服不良事件上报障碍的最重要方法是实施无指责文化和积极的患者安全文化。

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引用次数: 0

Manejo de la disfagia por las enfermeras de las unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas 西班牙重症监护室护士对吞咽困难的管理

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.02.006

Y.G. Santana-Padilla RN, MSc, PhD , T. Linares-Pérez RN , B.N. Santana-López RN, MSc, PhDc , L. Santana-Cabrera MD, PhD

Introduction/purpose

Dysphagia is a disorder that presents with specific signs and symptoms in critically ill patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are responsible for monitoring and detecting abnormalities in critically ill patients, so they must be trained to assess swallowing and the complications that may arise. The aim of this research is to analyse the dynamics of the detection and assessment of dysphagia by ICU nurses.

Method

Cross-sectional descriptive study using an electronic questionnaire to nurses from different Spanish ICUs. The survey was adapted from previous research and consisted of 6 sections with 30 items of qualitative questions. The collection period was between December 2022 and March 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages, and the Chi-Square test was used for bivariate analysis.

Outcomes

43 nurses were recruited. Dysphagia is considered an important problem (90.7%) but in 50.3% of the units there is no standard or care protocol for this disorder. The most common technique is the swallowing test (32.6%). There is a consensus in our sample that aspiration pneumonia is the main problem; however, nurses in the busiest care units consider sepsis to be a frequent complication (p = 0.029). The most common treatment is modification of food consistency (86.0%).

Conclusion

The findings of this research show a low systematisation of dysphagia screening in the units included. There is a need for greater implementation of interventions and clinical protocols for monitoring complications as well as for compensatory and rehabilitative management.

简介/目的吞咽困难是一种在重症患者中表现出特殊体征和症状的疾病。重症监护病房（ICU）的护士负责监测和检测危重病人的异常情况，因此她们必须接受培训，以评估吞咽困难和可能出现的并发症。本研究的目的是分析重症监护室护士发现和评估吞咽困难的动态情况。研究方法采用电子问卷对西班牙不同重症监护室的护士进行横断面描述性研究。调查问卷根据以往研究改编，包括 6 个部分，共 30 个定性问题。问卷收集时间为 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 3 月。使用频率和百分比进行统计分析，并使用 Chi-Square 检验进行二元分析。吞咽困难被认为是一个重要问题（90.7%），但在 50.3% 的单位中，没有针对这一疾病的标准或护理方案。最常用的技术是吞咽测试（32.6%）。在我们的样本中，大家一致认为吸入性肺炎是主要问题；但在最繁忙的护理单元中，护士们认为败血症是一种常见的并发症（p = 0.029）。最常见的治疗方法是改变食物的浓度（86.0%）。有必要加大干预措施和临床方案的实施力度，以监测并发症并进行补偿和康复治疗。

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引用次数: 0