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Efectividad de los sistemas de retorno de sangre en pacientes de cuidados intensivos: una revisión de alcance 重症监护患者血液回流系统的有效性:范围界定审查
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.02.002
M. Raurell-Torredà PhD, MSN, RN , S. Arias-Rivera PhDc, MSN, RN , M.E. Rodríguez-Delgado RN, MsC , C. Campos-Asensio BPharm, MLS , R.J. Fernández-Castillo PhDc, MSN, RN

Background

Anemia associated with blood extraction for diagnostic purposes is a highly prevalent entity in intensive care units (ICU) for adults. The evidence recommends its prevention through different strategies, among which we can find the use of closed blood sampling systems (CBSS). Different experimental studies support the use of these devices.

Objective

To identify knowledge gaps regarding the effectiveness of CBSS in ICU patients.

Methods

Scoping review with search in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Institute databases, between September 2021 and September 2022. No time, language, or other limits were applied to ensure the recovery of all relevant studies. Gray literature sources: DART-Europe, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts and assessed full texts against the inclusion criteria. The following data was extracted for each study: design and sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria, variables, type of CBSS, results and conclusions.

Results

18 articles were included in the final review, 11 clinical trials (RCTs) published between 1992 and 2014. Three systematic reviews were found, but they only analyzed the effect of CBSS in reducing blood loss, hemoglobin stabilization, and the need for transfusion. Five of the RCTs analyzed the risk of infection, one catheter complications, and two alterations in blood pressure readings.

Conclusions

The use of CBSS is recommended to reduce blood loss in ICUs. However, there are discrepancies about their ability to prevent anemia and/or the need for blood transfusion. Its use does not increase catheter-related infection rates or alter the measurement of mean arterial pressure.

背景成人重症监护病房(ICU)中因诊断目的抽血而引起的贫血非常普遍。有证据建议通过不同的策略预防贫血,其中包括使用封闭式血液采样系统(CBSS)。方法在 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 9 月期间在 PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 Joanna Briggs Institute 数据库中进行范围界定综述检索。没有时间、语言或其他限制,以确保检索到所有相关研究。灰色文献来源:DART-Europe, OpenGrey 和 Google Scholar。两名研究人员独立审阅标题和摘要,并根据纳入标准评估全文。每项研究均提取了以下数据:设计和样本、纳入和排除标准、变量、CBSS 类型、结果和结论。结果 最终综述纳入了 18 篇文章,其中 11 篇为 1992 年至 2014 年间发表的临床试验(RCT)。其中发现了三篇系统综述,但它们只分析了CBSS在减少失血、稳定血红蛋白和输血需求方面的效果。其中五项研究分析了感染风险,一项分析了导管并发症,两项分析了血压读数的变化。结论 建议在重症监护室使用 CBSS 以减少失血,但其预防贫血和/或输血需求的能力存在差异。使用 CBSS 不会增加导管相关感染率,也不会改变平均动脉压的测量值。
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引用次数: 0
Clasificación de gravedad y variables de influencia del síndrome poscuidado intensivo 急性期后护理综合征的严重程度分类和影响变量
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.04.005
M.A. Narváez-Martínez RN, MSN , Á.M. Henao-Castaño RN, PhD

Objective

The study aims to characterize postintensive care syndrome by classifying the severity of the disease and identifying the variables of influence in 2 highly complex intensive care units for adults in Colombia.

Method

A descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out to characterize survivors of critical illness using the Healthy Aging Brain Care–Monitor in a sample of 135 patients. Postintensive care syndrome severity was classified using Gaussian mixture models for clustering, and the most influencing variables were identified through ordinal logistic regression.

Results

Clustering based on Gaussian mixture models allowed the classification of postintensive care syndrome severity into mild, moderate, and severe classes, with an Akaike information criterion of 308 and an area under the curve of 0.80, which indicates a good fit; thus, the mild class was characterized by a score on the HABC-M Total scale  9; the moderate class for a HABC-M Total score  10 and  42 and the severe class for a HABC-M Total score  43. Regarding the most influencing variables, the probability of belonging to the moderate or severe classes was related to male sex (91%), APACHE II score (22.5%), age (13%), intensive care units days of stay (10.6%), the use of sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockers.

Conclusion

Intensive care units survivors were characterized using the HABC-M scale, which made it possible to classify postintensive care syndrome through Gaussian mixture models clustering into mild, moderate, and severe, and to identify variables that had the major influence on the presentation of postintensive care syndrome.

目的 该研究旨在通过对哥伦比亚两家高度复杂的成人重症监护病房的疾病严重程度进行分类,并确定影响变量,从而描述重症监护后综合征的特征。方法 在 135 名患者样本中,使用健康老龄化脑护理监测仪对重症幸存者进行了描述性、横断面、前瞻性研究。使用高斯混合模型对重症监护后综合征的严重程度进行聚类分类,并通过序数逻辑回归确定影响最大的变量。结果 基于高斯混合模型的聚类可将重症监护后综合征的严重程度分为轻度、中度和重度三个等级,阿凯克信息标准为 308,曲线下面积为 0.80,表明拟合良好;因此,HABC-M总分≤9为轻度;HABC-M总分≥10且≤42为中度;HABC-M总分≥43为重度。关于影响最大的变量,属于中度或重度等级的概率与以下因素有关:男性(91%)、APACHE II 评分(22.5%)、年龄(13%)、重症监护室住院天数(10.6%)、镇静、镇痛和神经肌肉阻滞剂的使用。结论使用 HABC-M 量表对重症监护室幸存者进行了特征描述,通过高斯混合模型将重症监护后综合征分为轻度、中度和重度,并确定了对重症监护后综合征表现有重大影响的变量。
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引用次数: 0
Réplica a «¿Movilizamos de forma activa y temprana durante la ventilación mecánica a los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos?» 对 "在机械通气期间,我们是否积极、尽早地动员入住重症监护病房的患者?"的答复
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.06.003
G. Ballesteros-Reviriego PT MSc , J. Daniel Martí PT PhD , B. Planas-Pascual PT MSc
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引用次数: 0
Impacto de la implementación de un método de traspaso de información estandarizada interdisciplinar en sala de partos y unidad de cuidados obstétricos intermedios 在产房和中级产科护理单元实施标准化跨学科信息传递方法的影响。
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.04.002
E. Crespo-Mirasol RN, RM, MSc, PhD , A. Llupià-García MD, MSc, PhD , J. Bellart-Alfonso MD, MSc, PhD , A. Peguero-Yus MD, MSc, PhD , F. Figueras-Retuerta MD, MSc, PhD , S. Hernández-Aguado MD, MSc, PhD

Aim

This study aims to describe the implementation of the standard methodology for information transfer in the labour ward and Intermediate Obstetric Care Unit and to identify the impact of this implementation on the factors that act as facilitators and barriers in the procedure.

Method

Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study without a control group in an Intermediate Obstetric Care Unit and delivery room of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Service of a tertiary hospital in Barcelona. Healthcare staff self-completed an ad hoc questionnaire before and after implementing the standardised IDEAS methodology in the service during 2019 and 2020. Personal self-perception in the information transfer procedure was assessed. The Wilcoxon pairwise test was used for comparison before and after.

Results

The use of a standardised methodology has shown an impact on improving the transmission of information. Significant differences were detected before and after the intervention in the following dimensions: location, people involved, time period of the procedure, structured, orderly and clear, and sufficient time for questions (p < 0.001); while no differences were observed in: transmission to the referring professional, well-defined actions, and completion of a summary.

Conclusions

There are factors such as structural and organisational aspects and lack of time that hinder effective communication and therefore act as barriers to the transfer of information. The implementation of a methodology with the health professionals involved, the time and the appropriate space allows for the improvement of communication aspects in the multiprofessional team and, therefore, patient safety.

方法在巴塞罗那一家三级医院母胎医学服务部的中级产科护理病房和产房进行准实验性的前测-后测研究,不设对照组。医护人员在2019年和2020年期间在该服务机构实施标准化IDEAS方法前后,自行填写了一份临时调查问卷。对信息传递过程中的个人自我感知进行了评估。采用 Wilcoxon 配对检验对前后进行比较。干预前后在以下方面存在显著差异:地点、参与人员、程序时间段、结构化、有序、清晰、提问时间充足(p <0.001);而在向转诊专业人员传递信息、明确定义的行动和完成摘要方面没有发现差异。实施一种方法,让相关的医疗专业人员、时间和适当的空间参与进来,可以改善多专业团队的沟通,从而提高患者的安全。
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引用次数: 0
Encuesta nacional sobre cambios en las políticas de comunicación, visitas y cuidados al final de la vida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos durante las diferentes olas de la pandemia de COVID-19 (estudio COVIFAUCI) 关于 COVID-19 大流行期间重症监护病房的沟通、探视和临终关怀政策变化的全国调查(COVIFAUCI 研究)。
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.04.004
R.J. Fernández-Castillo PhDc, MSc, RN , M.D. González-Caro RN , F.J. Arroyo-Muñoz RN , J. Garnacho-Montero PhD, MD

Introduction

The pandemic derived from the SARS-CoV-2 infection led to changes in care for both relatives and intensive care patients during the different waves of incidence of the virus. The line of humanization followed by the majority of the hospitals was seriously affected by the restrictions applied. As an objective, we propose to know the modifications suffered during the different waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain regarding the policy of visits to patients in the ICU, monitoring at the end of life, and the use of new technologies of communication between family members, patients and professionals.

Methods

Multicenter cross-sectional descriptive study through a survey of Spanish ICUs from February to April 2022. Statistical analysis methods were performed on the results as appropriate. The study was endorsed by the Spanish Society of Intensive Nursing and Coronary Units.

Results

Twenty-nine percent of the units contacted responded. The daily visiting minutes of relatives dropped drastically from 135 (87.5-255) to 45 (25-60) in the 21.2% of units that allowed their access, improving slightly with the passing of the waves. In the case of bereavement, the permissiveness was greater, increasing the use of new technologies for patient-family communication in the case of 96.5% of the units.

Conclusions

The family of patients admitted to the ICU during the different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic have suffered restrictions on visits and a change from face-to-face to virtual communication techniques. Access times were reduced to minimum levels during the first wave, recovering with the advance of the pandemic but never reaching initial levels. Despite the implemented solutions and virtual communication, efforts should be directed towards improving the protocols for the humanization of healthcare that allow caring for families and patients whatever the healthcare context.

导言:SARS-CoV-2 感染引发的大流行导致了在不同的病毒感染浪潮中对亲属和重症监护病人的护理发生了变化。大多数医院遵循的人性化路线受到了各种限制措施的严重影响。作为一项目标,我们建议了解在西班牙 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的不同波次中,重症监护病房探视病人的政策、生命末期的监测以及家属、病人和专业人员之间使用新技术进行沟通方面所发生的变化。方法:2022 年 2 月至 4 月,通过对西班牙重症监护病房进行调查,开展多中心横断面描述性研究。研究结果采用了适当的统计分析方法。该研究得到了西班牙重症监护和冠心病病房协会的支持。结果29%的受访单位做出了回应。在允许亲属探视的 21.2% 单位中,亲属的每日探视时间从 135 分钟(87.5-255 分钟)急剧下降至 45 分钟(25-60 分钟),随着时间的推移情况略有好转。结论 在 COVID-19 大流行的不同波次中,重症监护病房收治的病人家属的探视受到了限制,并从面对面交流转变为虚拟交流技术。在第一波疫情中,探视时间减少到最低水平,随着疫情的发展,探视时间有所恢复,但从未达到最初的水平。尽管实施了解决方案和虚拟通信,但仍应努力改进医疗保健人性化规程,以便无论在何种医疗保健环境下都能照顾到家属和病人。
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引用次数: 0
El hambre invisible en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Estrategias de Cuidado y Consideraciones Esenciales 重症监护室中的隐形饥饿。护理策略和基本注意事项
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2024.01.001
Ignacio Zaragoza-García
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引用次数: 0
Monitorización de la glucemia en el paciente crítico adulto: tipo de muestra y método de análisis. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis 成年重症患者的血糖监测:样本类型和分析方法。系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.02.003
S. Arias-Rivera PhDc, MSN, RN , M. Raurell-Torredà PhD, MSN, RN , R.J. Fernández-Castillo PhDc, MSN, RN , C. Campos-Asensio BPharm, MLS , I.J. Thuissard-Vasallo MsC, PhD , C. Andreu-Vázquez PhD, MsC, MvD , M.E. Rodríguez-Delgado MsC, RN

Introduction

The clinical guideline for the management of sepsis recommends using arterial blood samples for glycaemic control. A multicentre study in 86 Spanish intensive care units revealed that 85.4% of these used capillary puncture.

Objective

To analyse the reliability of glycaemia by comparing different blood samples (arterial, venous, capillary) and instruments (glucometers, gasometers, central laboratory). Secondarily, to estimate the effect of confounding variables and the performance of measuring instruments as determined by different quality standards.

Methodology

Systematic review and meta-analysis with search in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases in September-2021 and September-2022, with no time or language limits. Grey literature sources: DART-Europe, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Results summarised by qualitative (description of results, study characteristics) and quantitative (meta-analysis to assess standardised mean difference) synthesis. Methodological quality of articles assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Protocol: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.

Results

A total of 32 articles and 5451 patients were included. No discrepancies were obtained between arterial glucometer vs. laboratory samples (bias [95%CI]: 0.01 [−0.12 to 0.14] mg/dL). In contrast, arterial samples with a gasometer did significantly overestimate (bias [95%CI]: 0.12 [0.01 to 0.24] mg/dL). The same trend is seen in capillaries with a glucometer, although not significantly (bias [95%CI]: 0.07 [−0.02 to 0.15] mg/dL). There is discrepancy between studies on the effect of haematocrit and acid-base balance. The greatest consensus is on the poor agreement of glucometer with capillary vs. laboratory samples in the presence of shock and vasopressor support, renal failure or during vitamin C treatment.

Conclusions

The evidence to date recommends the use of arterial blood with a blood glucose meter for better reliability of glycaemic analysis and less effect of possible confounding variables, frequently present in the critically ill adult patient.

导言脓毒症临床治疗指南建议使用动脉血样本控制血糖。目的 通过比较不同的血液样本(动脉血、静脉血、毛细血管血)和仪器(血糖仪、气压计、中心实验室),分析血糖控制的可靠性。方法在 2021 年 9 月和 2022 年 9 月在 PubMed、CINAHL 和 Embase 数据库中进行系统回顾和荟萃分析,无时间和语言限制。灰色文献来源:DART-Europe, OpenGrey 和 Google Scholar。通过定性(结果描述、研究特点)和定量(评估标准化平均差异的荟萃分析)综合总结结果。采用诊断准确性研究质量评估-2对文章的方法学质量进行评估。协议:https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.结果共纳入32篇文章和5451名患者。动脉血糖仪样本与实验室样本之间无差异(偏差[95%CI]:0.01 [-0.12 至 0.14] mg/dL)。与此相反,使用气压计采集的动脉样本则明显偏高(偏差[95%CI]:0.12 [0.01 至 0.24] mg/dL)。使用血糖仪对毛细血管样本进行测量也有同样的趋势,但并不明显(偏差[95%CI]:0.07 [-0.02 至 0.15] mg/dL)。关于血细胞比容和酸碱平衡的影响,不同研究之间存在差异。结论:迄今为止的证据表明,建议使用动脉血和血糖仪进行血糖分析,以提高血糖分析的可靠性,并减少可能存在的混杂变量的影响,这些混杂变量在重症成年患者中经常出现。
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引用次数: 0
Nurses’ perceptions of the obstacles and supportive behaviors of end-of-life care in intensive care units 护士对重症监护病房临终关怀的障碍和支持行为的看法
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.04.006
Majd T. Mrayyan , Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat , Ala Ashour , Ali Alshraifeen , Abdullah Algunmeeyn , Sami Al-Rawashdeh , Murad Sawalha , Abdallah Abu Khait , Imad Alfayoumi , Mohammad Sayaheen , Mohammad Odeh

Purpose

This study examined the Jordanian registered nurses’ perceptions of the obstacles and supportive behaviors of End-of-Life Care in Intensive Care Units and examined the differences in the concepts based on the samples’ demographics.

Methods

A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted using a convenience sample of 230 Intensive Care Unit registered nurses in Jordan. Data were analyzed descriptively, and differences were measured using the independent sample t-test, the one-way Analysis of Variance, and Scheffe’s post hoc test.

Results

The registered nurses’ scored moderately on obstacles (74.98 ± 14.54) and supportive behaviors (69.22 ± 4.84). The commonly perceived obstacle and supportive behaviors to End-of-Life Care in Intensive Care Units s were reported. The perceived obstacles differ based on the registered nurses’ certification as an Intensive Care Units nurse (3.04 ± 0.58 vs. 2.74 ± 0.49, p = 0.008), type of Intensive Care Unit (3.28 ± 0.34 vs. 2.86 ± 0.62, p < 0.001), type of facility (3.16 ± 0.59 vs. 2.77 ± 0.61, p < 0.001), number of beds in the unit (3.07 ± 0.48 vs. 2.69 ± 0.48, p = 0.020), and the number of hours worked per week (3.06 ± 0.56 vs. 2.81 ± 0.60, p = 0.005). In contrast, supportive behaviors only differ based on the registered nurses’ age (3.22 ± 0.69 vs. 2.90 ± 0.64, p = 0.019).

Conclusions

The common End-of-Life Care perceived obstacle in Intensive Care Units was the lack of nursing education and training regarding the studies concept, which warrants immediate intervention such as on-job training. The common End-of-Life Care perceived supportive behavior in Intensive Care Units was when family members accepted that the patient was dying when nurses offered support to family members; motivational interventions are needed to sustain such behavior. Differences in the perceived obstacles and supportive behaviors should be leveraged for the benefit of patients, nurses, and hospitals.

目的 本研究调查了约旦注册护士对重症监护病房临终关怀的障碍和支持行为的看法,并根据样本的人口统计学特征调查了这些观念的差异。方法 本研究采用方便抽样法,对约旦 230 名重症监护病房注册护士进行了横断面比较研究。结果注册护士在障碍(74.98 ± 14.54)和支持行为(69.22 ± 4.84)方面得分中等。报告了重症监护病房生命末期护理的常见障碍和支持行为。根据注册护士的重症监护病房护士资格证书(3.04 ± 0.58 vs. 2.74 ± 0.49,p = 0.008)、重症监护病房类型(3.28 ± 0.34 vs. 2.86 ± 0.62,p < 0.001)、设施类型(3.16 ± 0.59 vs. 2.77 ± 0.61,p <0.001)、病房床位数(3.07 ± 0.48 vs. 2.69 ± 0.48,p = 0.020)和每周工作小时数(3.06 ± 0.56 vs. 2.81 ± 0.60,p = 0.005)。结论在重症监护病房,生命末期护理的常见障碍是缺乏有关研究概念的护理教育和培训,这需要立即采取干预措施,如在职培训。重症监护病房中常见的临终关怀支持行为是当护士向家属提供支持时,家属接受了病人即将死亡的事实;需要采取激励性干预措施来维持这种行为。为了患者、护士和医院的利益,应充分利用感知障碍和支持行为的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Eficacia y seguridad de un compuesto de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados en la mejora de la microcirculación de la púrpura fulminante en pacientes pediátricos con sepsis: estudio piloto 高氧脂肪酸化合物对改善败血症儿科患者紫癜性紫癜微循环的有效性和安全性:一项试点研究。
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.04.003
G. Pérez-Acevedo RN, PNP, MSc, PhD(c) , A. Bosch-Alcaraz PhD, RN, PNP, MSc , J.E. Torra-Bou PhD, RN, MSc

Introduction

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a serious complication of sepsis resulting from a set of alterations characterised by the development of ecchymotic haemorrhagic lesions and skin necrosis.

Aim

To analyse the efficacy and safety of the topical application of HOFA compound, in the cutaneous microcirculation of PF lesions in paediatric patients affected by sepsis.

Material and methods

A prospective quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test single-group conducted in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a third level hospital was performed. Paediatric patients aged 0-18 years with sepsis were included. Somatic oximetry values were measured before and after application of HOFAs every 4 hours over the first three days of the patients’ hospitalisation. Patient's socio-demographic and clinical variables and somatic oximetry by placing a sensor for measuring tissue perfusion on the area with PF were determined.

Results

Four patients were recruited, with a median age of 98 months. The purpuric lesions measured were mainly located on both feet and hands and, in two patients, also on the lateral malleoli and calves of both lower extremities. A total of 225 measurements were obtained, with mean pre-intervention scores of 71.17 ± 15.65% versus 73.68 ± 14.83% post-intervention. Statistical significance (p < 0.001) was observed upon comparison of the pre- and post-intervention measurements.

Conclusions

Early and continued application of HOFAs in the management of sepsis-induced PF is an effective and safe practice in the cases analysed. In more than half of the episodes analysed, an increase in tissue microcirculation was observed after the application of HOFAs, with no adverse events.

引言 白斑病(PF)是败血症的一种严重并发症,由一系列变化引起,其特点是出现瘀斑性出血性病变和皮肤坏死。材料和方法 在一家三级医院的儿科重症监护室进行了一项前瞻性准实验,分为前测/后测单组。研究对象包括 0-18 岁患有败血症的儿童患者。在患者住院的前三天中,每隔 4 小时测量一次使用 HOFAs 前后的血氧饱和度值。此外,还确定了患者的社会人口学和临床变量,以及通过将用于测量组织血流灌注的传感器放置在紫癜部位的体表血氧测量值。测量到的紫癜病灶主要位于双脚和双手,其中两名患者的病灶还位于双下肢的外侧踝关节和小腿。共进行了 225 次测量,干预前的平均得分率为 71.17 ± 15.65%,干预后为 73.68 ± 14.83%。结论在分析的病例中,早期和持续应用 HOFAs 治疗脓毒症诱发的 PF 是一种有效而安全的做法。在所分析的病例中,一半以上的病例在使用 HOFAs 后组织微循环得到改善,且无不良反应。
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引用次数: 0
¿Movilizamos de forma activa y temprana durante la ventilación mecánica a los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos? 在机械通气期间,我们是否能积极、及早地动员入住重症监护病房的患者?
IF 1.3 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2023.03.001
A. González-Castro PhD, MD , R. Ferrero-Franco RN , C. Blanco-Huelga MD
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引用次数: 0
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