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Optimization of Package Heat Dissipation Design Based on High-power WB-BGA Industrial Chip with a Wide Temperature Range 基于大功率宽温度范围WB-BGA工业芯片的封装散热优化设计
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2645/1/012003
Shihua Duan, Dejian Li, Yuan Guan, Bofu Li, Dameng Li, Baobin Yang, Shunfeng Han
Abstract With the progress of science and technology, chip integration and packaging density continue to improve, and the power density increases rapidly, leading to the increasingly prominent problem of chip heat dissipation. The service environment of industrial chips with a wide temperature range is even worse, so it is necessary to ensure reliable operation in the environment of −40°C~85°C. The thermal design and thermal management of packaging have become an important problem in the industry. Based on the wide temperature range of high-power WB-BGA industrial chips, aiming at the difficulty of chip heat dissipation in the high-temperature environment of 85°C, this paper studies and optimizes the packaging heat dissipation, and proposes a high heat dissipation packaging design scheme based on the wide temperature-range high-power WB-BGA industrial chip, which reduces the chip junction temperature by 17.9°C and has a certain reference value for the packaging design of wide temperature range industrial chip.
随着科学技术的进步,芯片集成度和封装密度不断提高,功率密度迅速增加,导致芯片散热问题日益突出。宽温度范围的工业芯片的使用环境更加恶劣,因此需要保证在−40℃~85℃的环境下可靠运行。封装的热设计和热管理已成为业界的一个重要问题。基于大功率WB-BGA工业芯片的宽温度范围,针对芯片在85℃高温环境下散热困难的问题,本文对封装散热进行了研究和优化,提出了基于宽温度范围大功率WB-BGA工业芯片的高散热封装设计方案。使芯片结温降低17.9℃,对宽温度范围工业芯片的封装设计具有一定的参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
Angle-only Autonomous Terminal Guidance and Navigation Algorithm for Asteroid Defense based on Meta-reinforcement Learning 基于元强化学习的小行星防御自主末制导导航算法
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2632/1/012032
Yuhao Pu, Chao Bei
Abstract This paper presented a robust angle-only guidance and navigation algorithm for asteroid defense missions based on meta-reinforcement learning. A recurrent neural network, trained via proximal policy optimization, is used to map the line-of-sight angles captured in real-time by the onboard camera to the optimal thrust. The neural network effectively replaces the roles of the navigation and guidance system while simultaneously removing the dependence on dynamic and observation models. The guidance and navigation model is tested on numerical simulations of a simulated mission directed to asteroid Bennu. The objective is to enable the spacecraft to hit the asteroid precisely, despite the presence of scattered initial conditions, uncertain model parameters, thruster control error, and attitude control and measurement error.
提出了一种基于元强化学习的小行星防御任务鲁棒纯角度制导导航算法。通过近端策略优化训练的递归神经网络用于将机载摄像机实时捕获的视线角度映射到最佳推力。神经网络有效地取代了导航制导系统的作用,同时消除了对动态模型和观测模型的依赖。对该制导导航模型进行了针对小行星Bennu的模拟任务的数值模拟。目标是使航天器能够精确地撞击小行星,尽管存在分散的初始条件,不确定的模型参数,推进器控制误差,姿态控制和测量误差。
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引用次数: 0
Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits Based on The Sailfish Algorithm Optimized SKELM 基于Sailfish算法优化SKELM的模拟电路故障诊断
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2632/1/012014
Ming Ding, Runping Ma
Abstract In view of the long training time for the optimization of the network model parameters of the SELM and the uncertainty of the model generalization ability, this paper proposes an analog circuit fault diagnosis model based on the sailfish algorithm to optimize the stacked kernel extreme learning machine(SKELM). This model introduces a kernel function to build a multi-layer KELM, which can improve the generalization ability and learning speed of the feedforward neural network. The weights of each layer of SKELM are obtained through the automatic encoder training based on the KELM. Since KELM-AE does not need to set initial parameters, the training speed is improved. However, the kernel parameters and regularization coefficients of KELM-AE are set manually, so the sailfish optimizer (SFO) is used to optimize these two parameters, and then the optimal SKELM model is built through layer by layer training. Finally, the Leap frog filter circuit is used as the simulation experiment circuit, and further compared with the optimized SELM. The results show that KELM-AE has strong generalization ability, and it can map fault features to high-dimensional feature space through nonlinear mapping without extracting fault features separately, thus improving the classification accuracy.
摘要针对叠核极限学习机(SKELM)网络模型参数优化训练时间长、模型泛化能力不确定的问题,提出了一种基于旗鱼算法的模拟电路故障诊断模型来优化叠核极限学习机(SKELM)。该模型引入核函数构建多层KELM,提高了前馈神经网络的泛化能力和学习速度。通过基于KELM的自动编码器训练,得到SKELM各层的权值。由于KELM-AE不需要设置初始参数,提高了训练速度。但是KELM-AE的核参数和正则化系数都是手动设置的,因此采用旗鱼优化器(sailfish optimizer, SFO)对这两个参数进行优化,然后通过逐层训练建立最优的SKELM模型。最后,采用Leap frog滤波电路作为仿真实验电路,并与优化后的SELM进行了比较。结果表明,KELM-AE具有较强的泛化能力,无需单独提取故障特征,即可通过非线性映射将故障特征映射到高维特征空间,从而提高了分类精度。
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引用次数: 0
The algorithm for Detecting Intruders at Station Platform Ends Based on Single-line Radar Point Clouds 基于单线雷达点云的车站平台端入侵检测算法
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2632/1/012001
Xiaoshu Wang, Wei Bai, Kaibei Peng
Abstract It is a significant concern that there is a risk of passenger intrusions at station platform ends. Current detection uses video triggered by single-line radar, but it is ineffective for accurate identification. In this paper, we address this issue by first analyzing the characteristics of intruders at the ends of train platforms. We propose a two-stage filtering-recognition method to achieve intruder detection based on single-line radar point cloud data. In the first stage, we smooth initial point cloud data using a double-chain exponential weighted moving average filter by grouping points. In the second stage, we extract features using the background subtraction method and a critical threshold of point numbers to detect intruder targets. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is effectively capable of detecting intruders at different distances.
摘要车站月台末端存在乘客入侵风险,是一个值得关注的问题。目前的检测采用单线雷达触发的视频,但无法准确识别。在本文中,我们首先通过分析列车站台末端入侵者的特征来解决这一问题。提出了一种基于单线雷达点云数据的两阶段滤波识别方法来实现入侵者检测。在第一阶段,我们使用双链指数加权移动平均滤波器对初始点云数据进行分组平滑。在第二阶段,我们使用背景减法和点数的临界阈值提取特征来检测入侵目标。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测不同距离的入侵者。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Home Environment Monitoring System Based on a Cloud Platform for the Elderly Living Alone 基于云平台的独居老人居家环境监测系统设计
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2632/1/012023
Xiangfan Cai, Dan Wang
Abstract The phenomenon of elderly people living alone was becoming increasingly common in the new era, so the demand for monitoring the living environment of elderly people living alone was becoming increasingly strong. The design of home environment monitoring for elderly people living alone was designed based on a cloud platform. The system mainly consists of an STM32 main control module, a temperature and humidity detection module, an Internet of Things module, a security module, a relay control module, and a user App terminal. Then the fuzzy PID algorithm was designed to remotely control indoor temperature and humidity. After practical operation verification, the system can perform local and remote monitoring of the living environment of elderly people living alone and has the characteristics of reliability and stability.
新时代老年人独居现象日益普遍,对独居老人生活环境监测的需求日益强烈。本文设计了基于云平台的独居老人家居环境监测系统。系统主要由STM32主控模块、温湿度检测模块、物联网模块、安防模块、继电器控制模块和用户App终端组成。然后设计了模糊PID算法,实现了室内温湿度的远程控制。经过实际运行验证,该系统可以对独居老人的生活环境进行本地和远程监测,具有可靠、稳定的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Improved YOLOV8 Network and Application in Safety Helmet Detection 改进的YOLOV8网络及其在安全帽检测中的应用
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2632/1/012012
Junjie Bao, Shihua Li, Guanglong Wang, Jianmin Xiong, Sailai Li
Abstract This paper proposes a research method to enhance the accuracy and real-time capability of helmet detection in complex industrial environments, aiming to address the engineering challenges of poor robustness and significant occurrences of both false positives and false negatives in existing detection methods. In this study, the C2F (faster version of CSP Bottleneck with two convolutions) module and FE (FasterNet with EMA) module are integrated into the network architecture of YOLOV8 to form a new attention mechanism module called C2F-FE. This module enhances the model’s perception of safety helmet targets by fusing feature information from different levels and incorporating attention mechanisms while reducing computational overhead. Furthermore, the model is trained and optimized on publicly available safety helmet datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved model exhibits stronger robustness, achieving an accuracy rate of 94.6% and a mAP50 of 99.1% for safety helmet detection in complex construction scenarios, with an inference time of 0.7 ms.
针对现有检测方法鲁棒性差、假阳性和假阴性现象严重的工程难题,提出了一种提高复杂工业环境下头盔检测精度和实时性的研究方法。本研究将C2F (faster version of CSP Bottleneck with two convolutions)模块和FE (FasterNet with EMA)模块集成到YOLOV8的网络架构中,形成新的注意机制模块C2F-FE。该模块通过融合不同层次的特征信息,结合注意机制,增强了模型对安全帽目标的感知能力,同时减少了计算开销。此外,该模型在公开可用的安全帽数据集上进行训练和优化。实验结果表明,改进后的模型具有更强的鲁棒性,在复杂施工场景下的安全帽检测准确率为94.6%,mAP50为99.1%,推理时间为0.7 ms。
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引用次数: 0
Harmonic analysis and filter design based on high power electromagnetic transmitter 大功率电磁发射机谐波分析与滤波器设计
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2636/1/012038
Qingke Meng, Yiming Zhang, Xuhong Wang, Junxia Gao
Abstract In order to effectively suppress the higher harmonics contained in the output voltage of high-power electromagnetic transmitter, the waveform expression of the output voltage of bipolar pulse width modulation (SPWM) circuit is derived, which can accurately obtain the fundamental wave and each harmonic content in the inverter bridge transmission voltage, and provide a theoretical basis for the design of output filter. At the same time, a design method of output LC filter based on high power electromagnetic transmitter is proposed based on MATLAB simulation calculation and considering the fundamental voltage drop, inductor current ripple and reactive power capacity on the filter inductor. Finally, the feasibility of this design method is verified by the field experiment of transmitter, and the output filtering effect is good.
摘要为了有效抑制大功率电磁发射机输出电压中所含的高次谐波,推导了双极脉宽调制(SPWM)电路输出电压的波形表达式,可以准确获得逆变器桥式传输电压中的基波和各次谐波含量,为输出滤波器的设计提供理论依据。同时,在MATLAB仿真计算的基础上,综合考虑滤波器电感上的基波压降、电感电流纹波和无功容量,提出了一种基于大功率电磁变送器的输出LC滤波器的设计方法。最后,通过发射机的现场实验验证了该设计方法的可行性,输出滤波效果良好。
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引用次数: 0
The Results Comparison of Numerical and Analytical Methods for Electric Potential on Rectangular Pipes 矩形管道电势数值计算与解析计算的结果比较
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2623/1/012036
Z S Maulana, M F R Rizaldi, M A Bustomi
Abstract Two methods can be used to solve the problem of electric potential distribution in a rectangular pipe: numerical and analytical. The analytical solution is obtained using the Laplace equation and the given boundary conditions to complete the solution in the form of a linear combination of sinusoidal and hyperbolic functions. While the numerical solution is obtained using the finite difference method in the Python programming language. The comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions shows that the two have a good fit. This can be seen from the graph of the electric potential distribution in the rectangular pipe produced by the two methods. Numerical solutions obtained using the finite difference method in the Python programming language provide accurate and efficient results in solving the problem of the electric potential distribution in rectangular pipes. The use of the first four terms in the analytical method and the selection of 4 observation points on the pipe, namely points A (3.33, 1.67), B (3.33, 3.34), C (6.67, 1.67), and D (6.67, 3.34) produces a difference in the electric potential value between analytical and numerical methods each point is 35.91%, 51.96%, 51.96%, and 35.91%. The value difference between analytical and numerical methods will be smaller if more terms are taken in the analytical calculation, and more observation points are considered on the pipe.
求解矩形管道内电位分布问题可采用两种方法:数值法和解析法。利用拉普拉斯方程和给定的边界条件得到解析解,以正弦函数和双曲函数的线性组合形式完成解。而在Python编程语言中使用有限差分法得到了数值解。解析解与数值解的比较表明,两者具有较好的拟合性。这可以从两种方法得到的矩形管内的电势分布图中看出。在Python编程语言中使用有限差分法得到的数值解,为求解矩形管道的电势分布问题提供了准确、高效的结果。利用解析法中的前四项,在管道上选取A点(3.33,1.67)、B点(3.33,3.34)、C点(6.67,1.67)、D点(6.67,3.34)4个观测点,得到解析法与数值法的电位值差值分别为35.91%、51.96%、51.96%、35.91%。如果在解析计算中采用更多的项,并且在管道上考虑更多的观测点,那么解析方法与数值方法的值差将会变小。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Multi-band Microstrip Antenna with Rectangular Patch for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz Frequencies 2.3 GHz、2.4 GHz和3.5 GHz多频带矩形贴片微带天线设计
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2623/1/012018
None Katsirotin, V Rahayu
Abstract Cellular developments encourage the integration of both 4G, Wi-Fi, and 5G network technologies into one device; an antenna is a tool that can be used to support the integration of these networks. A microstrip antenna is an antenna that is small, light, thin, easy to fabricate, and can be used in long ranges. In this paper, a microstrip antenna is designed on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. This research aims to design a microstrip antenna that is capable of working on 4G (2.3 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and 5G 3.5 GHZ) frequencies in one antenna. The microstrip antenna is designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm, rectangular shaped patches, and each patch is connected using a bridging method. Next, the antenna is simulated using CST Suite 2021 software. Simulation results at frequencies of 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz produce return losses of -23.70, -22.87, and -20.60, VSWR values of 1, respectively. .13, 1.15, and 1.20, the bandwidth values are 6.27%, 3.84%, and 5.84%, respectively, and the gain values are 4.69 dBi, 8.53 dBi, and 3.49 dBi.
蜂窝技术的发展促使4G、Wi-Fi和5G网络技术集成到一个设备中;天线是一种工具,可以用来支持这些网络的集成。微带天线是一种小、轻、薄、易制造、可远距离使用的天线。本文在印刷电路板(PCB)上设计了微带天线,其介电常数为4.3,厚度为1.6 mm。本次研究的目标是设计一种能够在一个天线中同时工作在4G (2.3 GHz)、Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz)和5G (3.5 GHz)频率的微带天线。微带天线设计在介电常数为4.3、厚度为1.6 mm的印刷电路板(PCB)上,采用矩形贴片,每个贴片采用桥接方式连接。接下来,使用CST Suite 2021软件对天线进行仿真。仿真结果表明,在2.3 GHz、2.4 GHz和3.5 GHz频率下,回波损耗分别为-23.70、-22.87和-20.60,驻波比分别为1、0.13、1.15和1.20,带宽分别为6.27%、3.84%和5.84%,增益分别为4.69 dBi、8.53 dBi和3.49 dBi。
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引用次数: 0
Continual Advance in Earth Physics Research Group at Physics Study Program, Unesa: What’s new and the next step Unesa物理研究计划地球物理研究小组的持续进展:什么是新的和下一步
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2623/1/012024
T Prastowo, None Madlazim, A Realita, M N Fahmi
Abstract Earth Physics Research Group (EPRG) is one of three groups of research running at Physics Study Program, the State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, where a number of research projects with corresponding topics have been conducted (and some are in progress) by the group members and associated students having final projects in the field of earth physics since 2018. Whereas the research roadmap of the group has been presented in association with definitive research projects for 25 years long starting from 2011, the specific goal of this paper is to shortly summarise all academic achievement in terms of research performance made by the group members during the last five years. The majority of the recent works was mainly based on computational work, where some were completed in collaboration with researchers from other universities and a national agency and others were performed by the group members and selected students. The topics were spread across disciplines in earth physics that included tectonic earthquakes, tsunami generation and propagation of seismic and non-seismic origin, volcanic eruptions and an integrated disaster mitigation study. A small portion of the projects were performed using a chosen method of applied geophysics. These studies have ended up with publications in recent years, where the saline points of the key findings are here presented. Future studies focusing on vulnerability to earthquake hazards in the northern areas of Java and on volcanic and meteo-tsunamis are also discussed in the context of possible tsunamis induced by seismic sources or volcanic processes.
地球物理研究小组(EPRG)是印度尼西亚泗水州立大学物理研究计划的三个研究小组之一,自2018年以来,小组成员和相关学生在地球物理领域进行了一些具有相应主题的研究项目(其中一些正在进行中)。鉴于该小组的研究路线图已与2011年开始的25年的明确研究项目相关联,本文的具体目标是简要总结过去五年中小组成员所取得的研究绩效方面的所有学术成就。最近的大部分工作主要是基于计算工作,其中一些是与其他大学和国家机构的研究人员合作完成的,另一些是由小组成员和选定的学生完成的。这些专题涉及地球物理学的各个学科,包括构造地震、海啸的产生和地震及非地震起源的传播、火山爆发和综合减灾研究。其中一小部分项目采用了应用地球物理方法。近年来,这些研究最终发表了论文,其中提出了关键发现的盐水点。未来的研究重点是爪哇北部地区易受地震灾害的影响,以及火山和气象海啸,在地震源或火山过程可能引起海啸的背景下也进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Physics-Photonics
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