{"title":"Serenella Baggio / Pietro Taravacci (edd.), Lingua franca, lingue franche. Atti della Giornata di studi (Trento, 5 febbraio 2021), Alessandria, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2021, 345 p.","authors":"Bernhard Hurch","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44827107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elton Prifti, W. Schweickard, M. Selig, Sabine Tittel
Abstract We present ALMA, a new research project aimed at investigating the interaction between language and knowledge practices from AD 1100 to 1500. Our primary question is how Medieval Italian, French, Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish developed into languages of knowledge and scholarship (German Wissen(schafts)sprachen) in permanent opposition to and exchange with the predominant Latin (but also with Arab, Greek, and Hebrew). Focusing on two domains, medicine and law, the project combines linguistics, text philology, and the history of science with the Digital Humanities and ontology engineering. ALMA will create two multi-lingual, domain-specific text corpora by integrating text editions of hitherto unedited manuscripts and incunabula, and digitized printed editions. Our corpus-linguistic exploration of the ALMA corpora will provide the basis for lexical-semantic studies that analyze emerging knowledge networks and the depth of their linguistic representations. We hypothesize that language evolution and the development of more complex linguistic structures will allow for measuring the impact of knowledge practices on medieval vernacular languages. We will trace the dissemination of lexical material across languages, language varieties, cultural spaces, and periods. This will enable us to follow specific vernacular communication channels. We will use cutting-edge technologies to compile, publish, and share our findings, and to model them in the form of historicized ontologies and Linked Data. Our onomasiological, ontology-driven approach will result in the creation of domain models that can be re-used within the Semantic Web. This has great potential to be relevant for researchers from different disciplines.
{"title":"Sprachdatenbasierte Modellierung von Wissensnetzen in der mittelalterlichen Romania (ALMA): Projektskizze","authors":"Elton Prifti, W. Schweickard, M. Selig, Sabine Tittel","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present ALMA, a new research project aimed at investigating the interaction between language and knowledge practices from AD 1100 to 1500. Our primary question is how Medieval Italian, French, Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish developed into languages of knowledge and scholarship (German Wissen(schafts)sprachen) in permanent opposition to and exchange with the predominant Latin (but also with Arab, Greek, and Hebrew). Focusing on two domains, medicine and law, the project combines linguistics, text philology, and the history of science with the Digital Humanities and ontology engineering. ALMA will create two multi-lingual, domain-specific text corpora by integrating text editions of hitherto unedited manuscripts and incunabula, and digitized printed editions. Our corpus-linguistic exploration of the ALMA corpora will provide the basis for lexical-semantic studies that analyze emerging knowledge networks and the depth of their linguistic representations. We hypothesize that language evolution and the development of more complex linguistic structures will allow for measuring the impact of knowledge practices on medieval vernacular languages. We will trace the dissemination of lexical material across languages, language varieties, cultural spaces, and periods. This will enable us to follow specific vernacular communication channels. We will use cutting-edge technologies to compile, publish, and share our findings, and to model them in the form of historicized ontologies and Linked Data. Our onomasiological, ontology-driven approach will result in the creation of domain models that can be re-used within the Semantic Web. This has great potential to be relevant for researchers from different disciplines.","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49306731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Gascon, Latin ‑ll‑ has evolved to the word‑medial result ‑r‑ and the secondarily word‑final result ‑t in most of Gascony, along with word‑final palatal variants. These results are generally assumed to have originated from a lost retroflex stage, paralleling existing retroflex results for ‑ll‑ in South Italian dialects and in Western Asturias. The present study offers an alternative theory by positing a delateralization of a lateral to a voiced non‑spirant alveolar stop *d, with no change in the point of articulation. The *d is shown to be an areal phenomenon in that it is the source of the Upper Aragonese ‑ll‑ results and is a sound that is found currently in some Basque dialects. The same theory of a nonspirant alveolar *d stage for ‑ll‑ explains the eventual presence of retroflexion in Western Asturias. While on the surface any Basque influence on the Gascon sound changes appears unlikely, this study shows that both the initial change to an alveolar stop, and the word‑final palatal results, can plausibly be attributed to Basque influence.
{"title":"The Gascon evolution of Latin ‑ll‑: A new theory","authors":"Carlos Zarabozo","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Gascon, Latin ‑ll‑ has evolved to the word‑medial result ‑r‑ and the secondarily word‑final result ‑t in most of Gascony, along with word‑final palatal variants. These results are generally assumed to have originated from a lost retroflex stage, paralleling existing retroflex results for ‑ll‑ in South Italian dialects and in Western Asturias. The present study offers an alternative theory by positing a delateralization of a lateral to a voiced non‑spirant alveolar stop *d, with no change in the point of articulation. The *d is shown to be an areal phenomenon in that it is the source of the Upper Aragonese ‑ll‑ results and is a sound that is found currently in some Basque dialects. The same theory of a nonspirant alveolar *d stage for ‑ll‑ explains the eventual presence of retroflexion in Western Asturias. While on the surface any Basque influence on the Gascon sound changes appears unlikely, this study shows that both the initial change to an alveolar stop, and the word‑final palatal results, can plausibly be attributed to Basque influence.","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48481787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs, by Barcelona-born Jewish translator and physician Jafudà Bonsenyor, is one of the most representative European thirteenth-century proverbial compilations from the Greco-Eastern tradition. The text, written in Catalan at the request of King James II, coincides with a period of socioeconomic upheavals endured by the Jewish communities of that time. This article seeks to examine Jafudà’s book from a perspective other than as it was originally conceived, i.e., as a manual of human conduct. I argue that embedded in the work is an implicit message beyond the parameters of the text itself. The thematic division and the aphorisms selection in the Llibre convey a subtext that mirrors economic constraints, the decline of Jewish courtiers, religious coercion, and communal frictions borne by the Jewish communities of Catalonia-Aragon. The confluence of these factors acted to redefine the relationship between the Crown and the Jews throughout the rest of the century.
由巴塞罗那出生的犹太翻译家兼医生jafud Bonsenyor所著的《圣经》(Llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs)是13世纪欧洲最具代表性的希腊-东方传统谚语汇编之一。该文本是应国王詹姆斯二世(King James II)的要求用加泰罗尼亚语写成的，恰逢当时犹太社区经历了一段社会经济动荡时期。本文试图从一个角度来考察jafud的书，而不是像它最初设想的那样，即作为人类行为的手册。我认为，在作品中嵌入了一种超越文本本身参数的隐含信息。《自由》中的主题划分和格言选择传达了一种潜台词，反映了经济限制、犹太朝臣的衰落、宗教压迫和加泰罗尼亚-阿拉贡犹太社区所承受的社区摩擦。这些因素的共同作用重新定义了王室和犹太人在整个世纪的关系。
{"title":"Llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs: A paremiological portrait of the Catalan-Aragonese Jewry under James II (r. 1291‒1327)","authors":"David Navarro","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs, by Barcelona-born Jewish translator and physician Jafudà Bonsenyor, is one of the most representative European thirteenth-century proverbial compilations from the Greco-Eastern tradition. The text, written in Catalan at the request of King James II, coincides with a period of socioeconomic upheavals endured by the Jewish communities of that time. This article seeks to examine Jafudà’s book from a perspective other than as it was originally conceived, i.e., as a manual of human conduct. I argue that embedded in the work is an implicit message beyond the parameters of the text itself. The thematic division and the aphorisms selection in the Llibre convey a subtext that mirrors economic constraints, the decline of Jewish courtiers, religious coercion, and communal frictions borne by the Jewish communities of Catalonia-Aragon. The confluence of these factors acted to redefine the relationship between the Crown and the Jews throughout the rest of the century.","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article I investigate the diachronic path of the Portuguese verb achar ‘to find/consider’, from a main propositional verb (in the sense of Traugott 1989), in earlier stages of the language, to a verb with epistemic reading, which is the default interpretation in Contemporary European Portuguese (CEP). Based on a sample corpus of texts comprehended between the 13th and the 17th century, I have concluded that the epistemic reading of achar was incipient until the 16th century, despite the existence of a few examples in the 13th century. This grammaticalization process seems to be recent in the language since epistemic readings remain infrequent until the 17th century and I did not find parenthetical uses in the corpus. Nevertheless, data under analysis allowed me to identify two possible syntactic contexts that may have favoured the semantic change: complement clauses and transitive-predicative constructions. The evolution of achar ‘to find/consider’ seems to follow the pattern of semantic change proposed by Traugott (1989) and Traugott/Dasher (2002) under the notion of subjectification, with achar starting with an objective meaning and later acquiring an epistemic reading, following the assumption that meanings tend to become centered in the subjective belief or attitude of the speaker.
{"title":"The diachronic path of achar in Portuguese: from a propositional to an epistemic verb","authors":"Clara Pinto","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article I investigate the diachronic path of the Portuguese verb achar ‘to find/consider’, from a main propositional verb (in the sense of Traugott 1989), in earlier stages of the language, to a verb with epistemic reading, which is the default interpretation in Contemporary European Portuguese (CEP). Based on a sample corpus of texts comprehended between the 13th and the 17th century, I have concluded that the epistemic reading of achar was incipient until the 16th century, despite the existence of a few examples in the 13th century. This grammaticalization process seems to be recent in the language since epistemic readings remain infrequent until the 17th century and I did not find parenthetical uses in the corpus. Nevertheless, data under analysis allowed me to identify two possible syntactic contexts that may have favoured the semantic change: complement clauses and transitive-predicative constructions. The evolution of achar ‘to find/consider’ seems to follow the pattern of semantic change proposed by Traugott (1989) and Traugott/Dasher (2002) under the notion of subjectification, with achar starting with an objective meaning and later acquiring an epistemic reading, following the assumption that meanings tend to become centered in the subjective belief or attitude of the speaker.","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The author examines the thesis expressed in the title of the volume by Matteo Motolese «L’eccezione fa la regola». Sette storie di errori che raccontano l’italiano (Milano, Garzanti 2022), and especially the notions of «exception» and «error». In the light of the notion of «error», considered as «a usage condemned, generated by a contrasting rule [R-2]», versus a usage approved and generated by a canonical rule [R-1], the author analyses the examples of errors detected by Motolese in the linguistic history of the 7th–8th centuries (Appendix Probi), of the 13th century (Canzoniere Laurenziano), of 1501 (Petrarca, Le cose volgari), 1603 (Vocabolario della Crusca), 1840 (Alessandro Manzoni, Promessi sposi, ed. Quarantana), 1939 (the linguistic policy of Fascism) and 2022 (grammar/spell checkers).
摘要：作者研究了马泰奥·莫托莱斯在《L'eccezione fa la regola》一书的标题中表达的论点。意大利历史（Milano，Garzanti 2022），尤其是“例外”和“错误”的概念。根据“错误”的概念，即“由对比规则[R-2]产生的被谴责的用法”，与由规范规则[R-1]批准和产生的用法，作者分析了莫托莱斯在7-8世纪（附录Probi）、13世纪（Canzoniere Laurenziano）、1501年（Petrarca，Le cose volgari）、，1603年（Vocabolario della Crusca）、1840年（Alessandro Manzoni，Promessi sposi，ed.Quarantana）、1939年（法西斯主义的语言政策）和2022年（语法/拼写检查器）。
{"title":"«L’eccezione fa la regola»: ma è proprio vero? A margine di un nuovo libro di Matteo Motolese","authors":"S. Sgroi","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author examines the thesis expressed in the title of the volume by Matteo Motolese «L’eccezione fa la regola». Sette storie di errori che raccontano l’italiano (Milano, Garzanti 2022), and especially the notions of «exception» and «error». In the light of the notion of «error», considered as «a usage condemned, generated by a contrasting rule [R-2]», versus a usage approved and generated by a canonical rule [R-1], the author analyses the examples of errors detected by Motolese in the linguistic history of the 7th–8th centuries (Appendix Probi), of the 13th century (Canzoniere Laurenziano), of 1501 (Petrarca, Le cose volgari), 1603 (Vocabolario della Crusca), 1840 (Alessandro Manzoni, Promessi sposi, ed. Quarantana), 1939 (the linguistic policy of Fascism) and 2022 (grammar/spell checkers).","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Judeo-Spanish presents some surprising results as regards the secondary evolution of the diphthong /ˈue/. Contrary to Spanish jueves ‘Thursday’, tuerto ‘one-eyed’, sueño ‘dream’, nuera ‘daughter-in-law’, Judeo-Spanish has ĵugüeves, tugüerto, (e)sfueño, and elmuera. That is, /ˈue/ has evolved either into /u.ˈgue/, it has developed a fricative before the diphthong (/ˈsue/ > /s.ˈfue/), or labialized the previous nasal (/ˈnue/ > /ˈmue/).In this study we present an explanation for this phenomenon that combines the regular Ibero-Romance phonic evolution and some language-specific features of the evolution of Judeo-Spanish, without an explicit appeal to exceptional solutions. Our hypothesis is based on the realization of the sequence /ˈue/ as a hiatus (ĵu.e.ves, tu.er.to, su.e.ño, nu.e.ra) which eventually developed an epenthetic consonant. This epenthesis was velar (ĵugueves, tuguerto), the latter case also involving further vowel insertion in agreement with the historical phonetics of Judeo-Spanish (ĵugüeves, tugüerto). Examples with labial fricatives or nasals preceding the diphthong have followed this evolution and then lost the pretonic vowel, giving way to a consonantal cluster in which the second consonant is partially assimilated to the first (sueño > *s(u)güeño > sfueño or esfueño; nuera > n(u)güera > *enmuera > elmuera, ermuera > muera).
{"title":"Diacronía de los resultados secundarios del diptongo /ue/ en judeoespañol","authors":"Á. Arias","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Judeo-Spanish presents some surprising results as regards the secondary evolution of the diphthong /ˈue/. Contrary to Spanish jueves ‘Thursday’, tuerto ‘one-eyed’, sueño ‘dream’, nuera ‘daughter-in-law’, Judeo-Spanish has ĵugüeves, tugüerto, (e)sfueño, and elmuera. That is, /ˈue/ has evolved either into /u.ˈgue/, it has developed a fricative before the diphthong (/ˈsue/ > /s.ˈfue/), or labialized the previous nasal (/ˈnue/ > /ˈmue/).In this study we present an explanation for this phenomenon that combines the regular Ibero-Romance phonic evolution and some language-specific features of the evolution of Judeo-Spanish, without an explicit appeal to exceptional solutions. Our hypothesis is based on the realization of the sequence /ˈue/ as a hiatus (ĵu.e.ves, tu.er.to, su.e.ño, nu.e.ra) which eventually developed an epenthetic consonant. This epenthesis was velar (ĵugueves, tuguerto), the latter case also involving further vowel insertion in agreement with the historical phonetics of Judeo-Spanish (ĵugüeves, tugüerto). Examples with labial fricatives or nasals preceding the diphthong have followed this evolution and then lost the pretonic vowel, giving way to a consonantal cluster in which the second consonant is partially assimilated to the first (sueño > *s(u)güeño > sfueño or esfueño; nuera > n(u)güera > *enmuera > elmuera, ermuera > muera).","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45259369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christophe Rey, La langue picarde et ses dictionnaires, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2021, 181 p.","authors":"J. Visser","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48672877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores Francis of Assisi’s relationship with France, starting with his name, and concluding that the importance of courtly culture for his personal development is generally overestimated in scholarship. In some hagiographic sources, it is indeed said that Francis used to praise God in French, but the contexts make it clear that this ability is instilled by the Holy Spirit and is therefore a glossolalic (‘divinely inspired speech’) phenomenon. Other references to French culture appear only in hagiographic legends, never in the writings of Francis, and are mainly attributable to the cultural climate of the period in which these later works were written.
{"title":"Francis, France, the French. Was French culture in fact central to St. Francis of Assisi?","authors":"F. Gambino","doi":"10.1515/zrp-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores Francis of Assisi’s relationship with France, starting with his name, and concluding that the importance of courtly culture for his personal development is generally overestimated in scholarship. In some hagiographic sources, it is indeed said that Francis used to praise God in French, but the contexts make it clear that this ability is instilled by the Holy Spirit and is therefore a glossolalic (‘divinely inspired speech’) phenomenon. Other references to French culture appear only in hagiographic legends, never in the writings of Francis, and are mainly attributable to the cultural climate of the period in which these later works were written.","PeriodicalId":44119,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ROMANISCHE PHILOLOGIE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48090545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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