T.S. Eliot has reached a stage of maturity in which he confirms the hollowness of the modern men. This realization may be due to his strong religious belief and his personal experience. His religious belief is a mixture of his previous belief and his new religious belief and these have been clear in “The Hollow Men”. Also his personal experience is quite rich as he has lived in the US and moved to England as well as visited Germany and France. Eliot has started the poems with two epigraphs which carry significant meanings and the beginning of the poem is a great stage as it contains the confession of the modern hollow men who act as Mr. Kirtz of The Heart of Darkness . Modern man is empty of spirituality, religion and real love as Eliot presented it in “The Hollow Men”. A textual approached is used along with a historical approach to explore the emptiness and hollowness of the modern man. It was found out that Eliot did not mean to humiliate the hollow men, but he rather praises them for repenting from their sins.
{"title":"Exploration of the Hollowness of the Modern Men in T.S. Eliot’s “The Hollow Men” (1925): An Analytical Approach","authors":"Mariwan Hasan","doi":"10.3968/12096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12096","url":null,"abstract":"T.S. Eliot has reached a stage of maturity in which he confirms the hollowness of the modern men. This realization may be due to his strong religious belief and his personal experience. His religious belief is a mixture of his previous belief and his new religious belief and these have been clear in “The Hollow Men”. Also his personal experience is quite rich as he has lived in the US and moved to England as well as visited Germany and France. Eliot has started the poems with two epigraphs which carry significant meanings and the beginning of the poem is a great stage as it contains the confession of the modern hollow men who act as Mr. Kirtz of The Heart of Darkness . Modern man is empty of spirituality, religion and real love as Eliot presented it in “The Hollow Men”. A textual approached is used along with a historical approach to explore the emptiness and hollowness of the modern man. It was found out that Eliot did not mean to humiliate the hollow men, but he rather praises them for repenting from their sins.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"33 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73323096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Base sur le corpus des entretiens, cet article cherche a analyser les motivations de l’apprentissage du chinois en Chine des etudiants africains. D’apres l’enquete, les motivations integratives n’ont pas exerce de grande influence sur leur choix, ce sont plutot les motivations instrumentales qui jouent le role decisif. Mais les deux motivations peuvent contribuer ensemble a pousser ces Africains a venir en Chine. De plus, les motivations evoluaient au cours de l’immersion, dans laquelle ces etudiants passent d’une motivation instrumentale a une motivation integrative de l’apprentissage du chinois.
{"title":"Motivation de l’apprentissage du chinois des étudiants africains en Chine","authors":"Sun Li","doi":"10.3968/12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12175","url":null,"abstract":"Base sur le corpus des entretiens, cet article cherche a analyser les motivations de l’apprentissage du chinois en Chine des etudiants africains. D’apres l’enquete, les motivations integratives n’ont pas exerce de grande influence sur leur choix, ce sont plutot les motivations instrumentales qui jouent le role decisif. Mais les deux motivations peuvent contribuer ensemble a pousser ces Africains a venir en Chine. De plus, les motivations evoluaient au cours de l’immersion, dans laquelle ces etudiants passent d’une motivation instrumentale a une motivation integrative de l’apprentissage du chinois.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"31 1","pages":"78-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72906738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Swift’s poems received little attention in the past, which are replete with realism and satire. From the perspective of City-Writing, this article will analyze how Swift logically shuffled the filthy side of London into the sanctuary of poetry by means of satire and realism. Through the minute description of London, Swift gave the readers a sense of surprise and disgust to stimulate them to perform good deeds and to realize their self-redemption.
{"title":"The City-Writing of Jonathan Swift’s A Description of a City Shower","authors":"L. Zhong","doi":"10.3968/12158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12158","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Swift’s poems received little attention in the past, which are replete with realism and satire. From the perspective of City-Writing, this article will analyze how Swift logically shuffled the filthy side of London into the sanctuary of poetry by means of satire and realism. Through the minute description of London, Swift gave the readers a sense of surprise and disgust to stimulate them to perform good deeds and to realize their self-redemption.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"EM-33 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phatic communion conversations are culturally-constrained speech acts happening every day and everywhere. Different cultural backgrounds between China and America will lead to the different applications of phatic communion. Considering American TV series as a mass media for cultural exchanges, subtitle plays a vital role in bridging two cultures. This paper introduces the related researches at home and abroad on phatic communion, summarizes the main methods adopted in translating different types of phatic communion by analyzing all the collected phatic communion conversations in Why Women Kill . The investigation of whether the subtitled phatic communion achieving the same illocutionary meaning that the original speakers trying to convey under the guide of politeness principles has been completed. The conclusion can be drawn as follows: the translator tends to apply different strategies in translating different types of phatic communion such as literal translation, paraphrase, cultural substitution, addition, condensation and specification methods to achieve the pragmatic equivalence between the original and the subtitle.
{"title":"On Phatic Communion Translation in Subtitle from the Perspective of Politeness Principles: A Case Study of the Chinese Subtitle of American TV Series Why Women Kill","authors":"Lei Yu, Yushan Zhao","doi":"10.3968/12203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12203","url":null,"abstract":"Phatic communion conversations are culturally-constrained speech acts happening every day and everywhere. Different cultural backgrounds between China and America will lead to the different applications of phatic communion. Considering American TV series as a mass media for cultural exchanges, subtitle plays a vital role in bridging two cultures. This paper introduces the related researches at home and abroad on phatic communion, summarizes the main methods adopted in translating different types of phatic communion by analyzing all the collected phatic communion conversations in Why Women Kill . The investigation of whether the subtitled phatic communion achieving the same illocutionary meaning that the original speakers trying to convey under the guide of politeness principles has been completed. The conclusion can be drawn as follows: the translator tends to apply different strategies in translating different types of phatic communion such as literal translation, paraphrase, cultural substitution, addition, condensation and specification methods to achieve the pragmatic equivalence between the original and the subtitle.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"14 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73476162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The allusions applied in traditional Chinese drama contain prolific cultural connotations, which aren’t familiar to English readers. Therefore, translators should take the interpretation of cultural meaning into consideration thoroughly in the process of translating allusions of traditional Chinese drama, so as to make the translation readable. This paper takes the English version of The Peony Pavilion translated by Xu Yuanchong as the research object, and analyzes its translation methods for the allusion of story and the allusion of language from the perspective of cultural translation, aiming to provide a reference for the translation of allusions in Chinese classical drama.
{"title":"On the Allusion Translation in Traditional Chinese Drama: A Case Study of the English Version of The Peony Pavilion","authors":"Ying Zhou, Y. Cao","doi":"10.3968/12140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12140","url":null,"abstract":"The allusions applied in traditional Chinese drama contain prolific cultural connotations, which aren’t familiar to English readers. Therefore, translators should take the interpretation of cultural meaning into consideration thoroughly in the process of translating allusions of traditional Chinese drama, so as to make the translation readable. This paper takes the English version of The Peony Pavilion translated by Xu Yuanchong as the research object, and analyzes its translation methods for the allusion of story and the allusion of language from the perspective of cultural translation, aiming to provide a reference for the translation of allusions in Chinese classical drama.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"377 1","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74242067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the reported plagiarism of some Chinese overseas students in their academic writings, it is urgent to investigate the perception of Chinese graduate students on plagiarism. To get their perception on intentional and unintentional plagiarism, a questionnaire is designed and conducted among graduate students at University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. This research finds that most of the respondents have a good understanding of plagiarism. Chinese graduate students still need to learn more about plagiarism, especially unintentional plagiarism, for writing research papers is just like navigating between Scylla and Charybdis. This research also points out that the study of plagiarism can be done from different perspectives, like from the perspective of university teachers, middle or high school students, and the management of journal publication.
{"title":"Navigating Between Scylla and Charybdis: Research on the Perception of Graduate Students at UCASS on Intentional and Unintentional Plagiarism","authors":"Lexiang Ling, Ling-yun Wang","doi":"10.3968/12127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12127","url":null,"abstract":"Given the reported plagiarism of some Chinese overseas students in their academic writings, it is urgent to investigate the perception of Chinese graduate students on plagiarism. To get their perception on intentional and unintentional plagiarism, a questionnaire is designed and conducted among graduate students at University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. This research finds that most of the respondents have a good understanding of plagiarism. Chinese graduate students still need to learn more about plagiarism, especially unintentional plagiarism, for writing research papers is just like navigating between Scylla and Charybdis. This research also points out that the study of plagiarism can be done from different perspectives, like from the perspective of university teachers, middle or high school students, and the management of journal publication.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"111 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72829327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Dionysian spirit is the core of Friedrich Nietzsche’s aesthetics, the origin of western irrationalism and is regarded as the beginning of Greek tragic spirit by Nietzsche. Eugene O’Neil was one of the most intelligent modern playwright in America and had wrote many tragedies throughout his life. It could be found that many characters in his tragedies were the adapted according to the archetypes in Greek mythologies, and most of whom demonstrate obvious Dionysian spirit. Yank in The Hairy Ape is the typical example. Applying Nietzsche’s Dionysian spirit to analyze Yank’s spiritual tragic can further trace American people’s alienation in the environments, O’Neil’s creative philosophy and his tragic aesthetics.
{"title":"Study on the Dionysian Spirit of Yank in The Hairy Ape","authors":"Ying Jiang","doi":"10.3968/12143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12143","url":null,"abstract":"The Dionysian spirit is the core of Friedrich Nietzsche’s aesthetics, the origin of western irrationalism and is regarded as the beginning of Greek tragic spirit by Nietzsche. Eugene O’Neil was one of the most intelligent modern playwright in America and had wrote many tragedies throughout his life. It could be found that many characters in his tragedies were the adapted according to the archetypes in Greek mythologies, and most of whom demonstrate obvious Dionysian spirit. Yank in The Hairy Ape is the typical example. Applying Nietzsche’s Dionysian spirit to analyze Yank’s spiritual tragic can further trace American people’s alienation in the environments, O’Neil’s creative philosophy and his tragic aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"26 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84799078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centering, a model of the conversants’ center of attention in discourse, centers around the relationship between attentional state, inferential complexity and the form of referring expression. Concerned with the local coherence and semantic entity salience, Centering Theory is framed by two strands of early work: (i) research by Joshi, Kuhn and Weinstein (Joshi and Kuhn, 1979; Joshi, Weinstein, 1981); and (ii) research by Grosz and Sidner (Grosz, 1977; Sidner, 1979; Grosz, Sidner, 1986). A synthesis of the two trains of thoughts helps to make up a theoretical background for Centering Theory and a motivation for the future work, such as empirical studies and application studies. In the present article, in order to help the reader to understand the epochal significance of various fruits of recent couple of decades, an attempt to undertake a systematic review of Centering Theory will be made.
{"title":"A Literature Review on Centering Theory","authors":"Xiao Chen","doi":"10.3968/12151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12151","url":null,"abstract":"Centering, a model of the conversants’ center of attention in discourse, centers around the relationship between attentional state, inferential complexity and the form of referring expression. Concerned with the local coherence and semantic entity salience, Centering Theory is framed by two strands of early work: (i) research by Joshi, Kuhn and Weinstein (Joshi and Kuhn, 1979; Joshi, Weinstein, 1981); and (ii) research by Grosz and Sidner (Grosz, 1977; Sidner, 1979; Grosz, Sidner, 1986). A synthesis of the two trains of thoughts helps to make up a theoretical background for Centering Theory and a motivation for the future work, such as empirical studies and application studies. In the present article, in order to help the reader to understand the epochal significance of various fruits of recent couple of decades, an attempt to undertake a systematic review of Centering Theory will be made.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"284 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73399464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plato considers the original or most primitive form of society is closest to the form or concept of a state. It is the best state and it is ruled by the most intelligent and sacred people. But Moral degradation causes political corruption and produces a series of vicious chain reactions. Plato’s The Republic is the embodiment of his totalitarian thought. This reflects Plato’s disappointment with the Athenian democracy. Because of his disappointment, he turned his attention to oligarchy and totalitarianism, trying to find a starting point for solidification and finding the unchangeable form of idea. In the context of modern society, Popper criticizes Plato’s view of justice based on his ideology from the perspective of humanism, and he constructs his special view against historical determinism by criticizing Plato’s claim. Generally speaking, Plato’s political philosophy tends to be totalitarian, but his essentialist method is valuable in the field of sociological research, which can help us identify those things that are essentially the same in the changing historical course.
{"title":"Karl Popper’s Criticism of Totalitarianism in Plato’s The Republic","authors":"Chang Zheng","doi":"10.3968/12176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12176","url":null,"abstract":"Plato considers the original or most primitive form of society is closest to the form or concept of a state. It is the best state and it is ruled by the most intelligent and sacred people. But Moral degradation causes political corruption and produces a series of vicious chain reactions. Plato’s The Republic is the embodiment of his totalitarian thought. This reflects Plato’s disappointment with the Athenian democracy. Because of his disappointment, he turned his attention to oligarchy and totalitarianism, trying to find a starting point for solidification and finding the unchangeable form of idea. In the context of modern society, Popper criticizes Plato’s view of justice based on his ideology from the perspective of humanism, and he constructs his special view against historical determinism by criticizing Plato’s claim. Generally speaking, Plato’s political philosophy tends to be totalitarian, but his essentialist method is valuable in the field of sociological research, which can help us identify those things that are essentially the same in the changing historical course.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88447784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As is known, listening, speaking, reading and writing are the four basic language skills. Reading includes reading aloud and silent reading. Since the 1990s, with the popularity of Communicative Teaching Method, schools emphasize the cultivation of language application and communicative ability more and people pay less attention to reading aloud. Gradually students don’t think reading aloud is important any more. However, reading aloud is not only the starting point in English learning but also the foundation of mastering the target language. Ignoring the teaching of reading aloud exacerbates the problem of the “dumb-Chinese English”. Reading English aloud is very meaningful in oral English and it is also one of the effective ways to improve students’ English language ability. This paper focuses on how to effectively apply reading aloud in oral English teaching from the following aspects: the relation between English reading aloud and language sense, the negative impact of ignoring reading aloud, the basic methods and the application of the skills in reading aloud.
{"title":"Application of Reading Aloud in Middle School Oral English Teaching","authors":"Hui-Suan Wei, Zhiliang Liu","doi":"10.3968/12195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/12195","url":null,"abstract":"As is known, listening, speaking, reading and writing are the four basic language skills. Reading includes reading aloud and silent reading. Since the 1990s, with the popularity of Communicative Teaching Method, schools emphasize the cultivation of language application and communicative ability more and people pay less attention to reading aloud. Gradually students don’t think reading aloud is important any more. However, reading aloud is not only the starting point in English learning but also the foundation of mastering the target language. Ignoring the teaching of reading aloud exacerbates the problem of the “dumb-Chinese English”. Reading English aloud is very meaningful in oral English and it is also one of the effective ways to improve students’ English language ability. This paper focuses on how to effectively apply reading aloud in oral English teaching from the following aspects: the relation between English reading aloud and language sense, the negative impact of ignoring reading aloud, the basic methods and the application of the skills in reading aloud.","PeriodicalId":44154,"journal":{"name":"TEXAS STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE","volume":"36 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87151426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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