Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15214
G. Guebitz, Felice Quartinello, D. Ribitsch
Novel strategies allowing environmentally friendly recycling of plastics are strongly needed. Enzymes have shown high potential, especially for the recovery of building blocks from multilayer materials which will be discussed in this paper. It has been shown that enzymes can specifically hydrolyze and solubilize certain components of blended packaging materials or mixed wastes. This allows a step—wise recovery of valuable building blocks which can be used for re-synthesis or for bioproduction (e.g. recovered glucose). However, despite the high potential of biocatalysts, even more efficient enzymes are required for economic industrial implementation. In this paper, which is based on a contribution to the SUM 2022 conference, we will consequently demonstrate how enzyme discovery can lead to more powerful tools for plastics recycling and provide some examples.
{"title":"ENZYME BASED RECYCLING PROCESSES","authors":"G. Guebitz, Felice Quartinello, D. Ribitsch","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15214","url":null,"abstract":"Novel strategies allowing environmentally friendly recycling of plastics are strongly needed. Enzymes have shown high potential, especially for the recovery of building blocks from multilayer materials which will be discussed in this paper. It has been shown that enzymes can specifically hydrolyze and solubilize certain components of blended packaging materials or mixed wastes. This allows a step—wise recovery of valuable building blocks which can be used for re-synthesis or for bioproduction (e.g. recovered glucose). However, despite the high potential of biocatalysts, even more efficient enzymes are required for economic industrial implementation. In this paper, which is based on a contribution to the SUM 2022 conference, we will consequently demonstrate how enzyme discovery can lead to more powerful tools for plastics recycling and provide some examples.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15215
A. Holzer, Mathias Baldauf, Lukas Wiszniewski, Stefan Windisch-Kern, H. Raupenstrauch
In terms of an efficient circular economy in the field of the steadily increasing use of lithium-ion batteries, sustainable recycling methods are of fundamental importance. Therefore, the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at Montanuniversitaet Leoben has developed the so-called InduRed reactor, a carbo-thermal concept to recover valuable metals from this waste stream. For optimization and further development of this technology, it is essential to have a sound knowledge of the cathode materials' behavior in combination with various impurities in the high-temperature range under reducing conditions. Detailed experiments were carried out in a heating microscope at temperatures up to 1620°C and argon purge. Aluminum from the electrode conductor foils and an excessive proportion of graphite from the anode were identified as the impurities with the most significant negative influence on the process. An optimum melting behavior was found during the tests at an admixture of 10 wt. % C and 1.95 wt. % Al to the cathode material NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2).
{"title":"Influence of Impurities on the High-Temperature Behavior of the Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material NMC under Reducing Conditions for Use in the InduRed Reactor Concept","authors":"A. Holzer, Mathias Baldauf, Lukas Wiszniewski, Stefan Windisch-Kern, H. Raupenstrauch","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15215","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of an efficient circular economy in the field of the steadily increasing use of lithium-ion batteries, sustainable recycling methods are of fundamental importance. Therefore, the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at Montanuniversitaet Leoben has developed the so-called InduRed reactor, a carbo-thermal concept to recover valuable metals from this waste stream. For optimization and further development of this technology, it is essential to have a sound knowledge of the cathode materials' behavior in combination with various impurities in the high-temperature range under reducing conditions. Detailed experiments were carried out in a heating microscope at temperatures up to 1620°C and argon purge. Aluminum from the electrode conductor foils and an excessive proportion of graphite from the anode were identified as the impurities with the most significant negative influence on the process. An optimum melting behavior was found during the tests at an admixture of 10 wt. % C and 1.95 wt. % Al to the cathode material NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2).","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15213
Geo Jacob, Frank Dienorowitz, Nele Jaschke
Composting experiments with heat recovery reveal spatial non-uniformity in parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration and substrate degradation. In order to recover heat from static compost piles via integrated heat exchanger there is the need to investigate the temperature distribution for placing the heat exchangers and the interaction between heat recovery, substrate degradation and oxygen concentration to ensure quality of composting process. This study introduces a spatial model to predict the variation in controlling parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration, substrate degradation and airflow patterns in static compost piles with heat recovery using Finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics ® Version 5.3. The developed two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model considers the compaction effects and is validated to real case pilot-scale compost pile experiments with passive aeration. Strong matching with the real case experiment was achieved. The spatial model demonstrated that the compaction effect is extremely important for realistic modeling because it affects airflow, temperature distribution, oxygen consumption and substrate degradation in a compost pile. Heat recovery did not disrupt the composting process. Case studies revealed strong influence of convective heat loss through the edges and a 10 % improvement of heat recovery rate with ground insulation. The simulation indicates that an optimized placing of heat recovery pipes could increase the average heat extraction by 10-40 %.
{"title":"SPATIAL MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF STATIC COMPOST PILES WITH HEAT RECOVERY","authors":"Geo Jacob, Frank Dienorowitz, Nele Jaschke","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15213","url":null,"abstract":"Composting experiments with heat recovery reveal spatial non-uniformity in parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration and substrate degradation. In order to recover heat from static compost piles via integrated heat exchanger there is the need to investigate the temperature distribution for placing the heat exchangers and the interaction between heat recovery, substrate degradation and oxygen concentration to ensure quality of composting process. This study introduces a spatial model to predict the variation in controlling parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration, substrate degradation and airflow patterns in static compost piles with heat recovery using Finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics ® Version 5.3. The developed two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model considers the compaction effects and is validated to real case pilot-scale compost pile experiments with passive aeration. Strong matching with the real case experiment was achieved. The spatial model demonstrated that the compaction effect is extremely important for realistic modeling because it affects airflow, temperature distribution, oxygen consumption and substrate degradation in a compost pile. Heat recovery did not disrupt the composting process. Case studies revealed strong influence of convective heat loss through the edges and a 10 % improvement of heat recovery rate with ground insulation. The simulation indicates that an optimized placing of heat recovery pipes could increase the average heat extraction by 10-40 %.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15211
G. Bonifazi, G. Capobianco, S. Serranti, S. Malinconico, F. Paglietti
Asbestos has been widely used in many applications for its technical properties (i.e. resistance to abrasion, heat and chemicals). Despite its properties, asbestos is recognized as a hazardous material to human health. In this paper a study, based on multivariate analysis, was carried out to verify the possibilities to utilize the hyperspectral imaging (HSI), working in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR: 1000-2500 nm), to detect the presence of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in construction and demolition waste (CDW). Multivariate classification methods including classification and regression tree (CART), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and correcting output coding with support vector machines (ECOC-SVM), were adopted to perform the recognition/classification of ACM in respect of the other fibrous panels not containing asbestos, in order to verify and compare Efficiency and robustness of the classifiers. The correctness of classification results was confirmed by micro-X-ray fluorescence maps. The results demonstrate as SWIR technology, coupled with multivariate analysis modeling, is a quite promising approach to develop both “off-line” and “on-line” fast reliable and robust quality control strategies, finalized to perform a first evaluation of the presence of ACM.
{"title":"ASBESTOS DETECTION IN CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE ADOPTING DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES BASED ON SHORT WAVE INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING","authors":"G. Bonifazi, G. Capobianco, S. Serranti, S. Malinconico, F. Paglietti","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15211","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestos has been widely used in many applications for its technical properties (i.e. resistance to abrasion, heat and chemicals). Despite its properties, asbestos is recognized as a hazardous material to human health. In this paper a study, based on multivariate analysis, was carried out to verify the possibilities to utilize the hyperspectral imaging (HSI), working in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR: 1000-2500 nm), to detect the presence of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in construction and demolition waste (CDW). Multivariate classification methods including classification and regression tree (CART), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and correcting output coding with support vector machines (ECOC-SVM), were adopted to perform the recognition/classification of ACM in respect of the other fibrous panels not containing asbestos, in order to verify and compare Efficiency and robustness of the classifiers. The correctness of classification results was confirmed by micro-X-ray fluorescence maps. The results demonstrate as SWIR technology, coupled with multivariate analysis modeling, is a quite promising approach to develop both “off-line” and “on-line” fast reliable and robust quality control strategies, finalized to perform a first evaluation of the presence of ACM.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42241829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15212
P. Hennebert
The classification of waste is complex. Once detailed chemical composition, and in some cases speciation testing has been completed, the chemicals present are checked either as hazardous chemicals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, detailed waste characterisation data can be used to support onward management of wastes, including hazardous wastes. A process management flowchart has been compiled using data from twelve waste streams. Specifically, for hazardous waste, the proposed approach can be used to firstly identify how a potential hazard may be eliminated using specific treatment scenarios. Secondly risk mitigation strategies are provided to reduce risks during short-term management of transportation, preparation and processing of wastes. Finally, the approach highlights how waste characterisation data can be used to guide the long-term management of hazardous waste. For non-hazardous waste a risk approach generates case specific permissible concentration limits. Hazardous waste management by risk is proposed, either for short-term operations, or during the recycling loops. The wastes containing “legacy” banned substances must be phased out. But the wastes with hazardous compounds at hazardous concentration should be recycled in controlled recycling loop. They should be managed during the loop by a risk approach, like the products they were and the products that they will become, per risk according to REACH. A worked example of this approach to mercury containing waste by hazard and by risk is presented, using leaching data (risk) to prevent groundwater contamination by mine tailings using reverse modelling, proposed to the conference of the UN Minamata Convention.
{"title":"RISK MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES BY HAZARDOUS PROPERTY INCLUDING MERCURY CONTAINING WASTES","authors":"P. Hennebert","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15212","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of waste is complex. Once detailed chemical composition, and in some cases speciation testing has been completed, the chemicals present are checked either as hazardous chemicals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, detailed waste characterisation data can be used to support onward management of wastes, including hazardous wastes. A process management flowchart has been compiled using data from twelve waste streams. Specifically, for hazardous waste, the proposed approach can be used to firstly identify how a potential hazard may be eliminated using specific treatment scenarios. Secondly risk mitigation strategies are provided to reduce risks during short-term management of transportation, preparation and processing of wastes. Finally, the approach highlights how waste characterisation data can be used to guide the long-term management of hazardous waste. For non-hazardous waste a risk approach generates case specific permissible concentration limits. Hazardous waste management by risk is proposed, either for short-term operations, or during the recycling loops. The wastes containing “legacy” banned substances must be phased out. But the wastes with hazardous compounds at hazardous concentration should be recycled in controlled recycling loop. They should be managed during the loop by a risk approach, like the products they were and the products that they will become, per risk according to REACH. A worked example of this approach to mercury containing waste by hazard and by risk is presented, using leaching data (risk) to prevent groundwater contamination by mine tailings using reverse modelling, proposed to the conference of the UN Minamata Convention.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15199
F. Aisien, E. T. Aisien
ABSTRACT: The widely-used plastics, especially low-density polyethylene (LDPE), have resulted in a considerable accumulation of plastics in the waste stream, causing a global environmental problem. Therefore, the research aims to examine the thermal and catalytic degradation of waste LDPE plastic using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and compare the properties of the produced liquid oils with commercial fuels. The potential of converting the most energy from waste plastics to valuable liquid oil, gaseous, and char was investigated. A batch reactor was used to thermally and catalytically degrade LDPE at temperatures 350 to 550oC and catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.10 to 0.25. The physical properties of the produced liquid oils, flash point, pour point, viscosity, API-gravity, carbon residue, density, etc., were determined using standard methods. We characterized the chemical properties of produced pyrolysis liquid oils with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The liquid oil, gas, and char produced at catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.20 at 500oC were 92.7 wt.%, 6.1 wt.%, and 1.2 wt.% respectively. The thermal pyrolysis at 500 oC gave 76.6 wt.%, 20.7 wt.%, and 2.7 wt.% for produced liquid oil, gas, and char, respectively. The GC-MS shows that the produced LDPE liquid oil contains many hydrocarbons from C7-C29. The major hydrocarbons common to LDPE are benzene, 1, 3 dimethyl benzene, and toluene. The produced liquid oil’s properties compare favorably with that of commercial fuels.
{"title":"LIQUID FLUIDS FROM THERMO-CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF WASTE LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE USING SPENT FCC CATALYST","authors":"F. Aisien, E. T. Aisien","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The widely-used plastics, especially low-density polyethylene (LDPE), have resulted in a considerable accumulation of plastics in the waste stream, causing a global environmental problem. Therefore, the research aims to examine the thermal and catalytic degradation of waste LDPE plastic using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and compare the properties of the produced liquid oils with commercial fuels. The potential of converting the most energy from waste plastics to valuable liquid oil, gaseous, and char was investigated. A batch reactor was used to thermally and catalytically degrade LDPE at temperatures 350 to 550oC and catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.10 to 0.25. The physical properties of the produced liquid oils, flash point, pour point, viscosity, API-gravity, carbon residue, density, etc., were determined using standard methods. We characterized the chemical properties of produced pyrolysis liquid oils with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).\u0000 The liquid oil, gas, and char produced at catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.20 at 500oC were 92.7 wt.%, 6.1 wt.%, and 1.2 wt.% respectively. The thermal pyrolysis at 500 oC gave 76.6 wt.%, 20.7 wt.%, and 2.7 wt.% for produced liquid oil, gas, and char, respectively. The GC-MS shows that the produced LDPE liquid oil contains many hydrocarbons from C7-C29. The major hydrocarbons common to LDPE are benzene, 1, 3 dimethyl benzene, and toluene. The produced liquid oil’s properties compare favorably with that of commercial fuels.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15196
R. Malesani, A. Schievano, F. Di Maria, Federico Sisani, A. Pivato
Compost Heat Recovery Systems (CHRS) represent an innovative technology to provide domestic decentralized thermal energy, recovering the heat naturally produced during the aerobic biodegradation of waste biomass, coming from gardening/farming/forestry activities. CHRSs represent an alternative to centralized grid-connected power systems and are usually installed (combined with most traditional systems) to power underfloor heating systems (UHS) or domestic hot water systems (DHWS), lowering impacts and costs of thermal energy production. In this study, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CHRSs (measured as kgCO2-eq/kWh) was investigated using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, considering the whole life cycle of an average plant. CHRSs showed a negative Net value of GWP impact, equal to -0.268 kgCO2-eq/kWh, as full balance of positive (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh) and negative (-0.329 kgCO2-eq/kWh) emissions. Negative emissions are related to avoided primary materials, replacement of natural gas used as traditional thermal energy production and replacement of mineral fertilizers. Considering only the positive emissions (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh), CHRSs emerged to be in line with Solar Hot-Water Systems (0.061 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value) and slightly higher than Geothermal Systems (0.019 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value). Along with GWP impact, other midpoint and endpoint impact indicators were assessed and all showed a negative Net value: Particulate Matter PM (-2.36E-5 kgPM2.5-eq/kWh), Fresh Water eutrophication FWE (-6.78E-06 kgP-eq/kWh), Fresh Water ecotoxicity FWec (-2.10E-01 CTUe/kWh), Human Toxicity cancer effect HTc (-5.68E-09 CTUh/kWh), Human Toxicity non-cancer effect HTnc (-3.51E-09 CTUh/kWh) and Human Health HH (-5.22E-08 DALY/kWh). These results demonstrate that CHRS is extremely convenient considering both environmental and human health consequences.
{"title":"Compost Heat Recovery Systems: Global Warming Potential impact estimation and comparison through a Life Cycle Assessment approach","authors":"R. Malesani, A. Schievano, F. Di Maria, Federico Sisani, A. Pivato","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15196","url":null,"abstract":"Compost Heat Recovery Systems (CHRS) represent an innovative technology to provide domestic decentralized thermal energy, recovering the heat naturally produced during the aerobic biodegradation of waste biomass, coming from gardening/farming/forestry activities. CHRSs represent an alternative to centralized grid-connected power systems and are usually installed (combined with most traditional systems) to power underfloor heating systems (UHS) or domestic hot water systems (DHWS), lowering impacts and costs of thermal energy production.\u0000In this study, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CHRSs (measured as kgCO2-eq/kWh) was investigated using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, considering the whole life cycle of an average plant. CHRSs showed a negative Net value of GWP impact, equal to -0.268 kgCO2-eq/kWh, as full balance of positive (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh) and negative (-0.329 kgCO2-eq/kWh) emissions. Negative emissions are related to avoided primary materials, replacement of natural gas used as traditional thermal energy production and replacement of mineral fertilizers. Considering only the positive emissions (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh), CHRSs emerged to be in line with Solar Hot-Water Systems (0.061 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value) and slightly higher than Geothermal Systems (0.019 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value). \u0000Along with GWP impact, other midpoint and endpoint impact indicators were assessed and all showed a negative Net value: Particulate Matter PM (-2.36E-5 kgPM2.5-eq/kWh), Fresh Water eutrophication FWE (-6.78E-06 kgP-eq/kWh), Fresh Water ecotoxicity FWec (-2.10E-01 CTUe/kWh), Human Toxicity cancer effect HTc (-5.68E-09 CTUh/kWh), Human Toxicity non-cancer effect HTnc (-3.51E-09 CTUh/kWh) and Human Health HH (-5.22E-08 DALY/kWh). These results demonstrate that CHRS is extremely convenient considering both environmental and human health consequences.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45112416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15192
Emily Appleby, Peter Shaw
As global consumption of nail varnish grows, quantities of packaging waste and residues will increase. End-of-use decisions for nail varnish have implications. Residues contain some hazardous substances, whilst packaging has potential for valorization. The extent of problems related to the disposal of end-of-use nail varnish products remains unclear. This study aimed to gain evidence to inform potential management measures. An inventory of hazardous substances in nail varnish products available in the UK was compiled to ascertain their potential for harm to the environment and/or human health. Discarded samples of end-of-use nail varnish products were then collected from volunteers in the UK to determine weights of packaging materials and residues. A parallel survey explored UK consumers’ means of disposal and opportunities for positive change. All the brands examined contained at least one hazardous substance; over a hundred hazardous substances were identified in total for the 24 samples audited. Hazards to human health were most common. On average, 7.2g of nail varnish remained in bottles at the point of disposal. Average weights for glass bottles and plastic lids/applicators were 28.5g and 5.6g, respectively. End-of-use products thus generate small quantities of residues and packaging, but the cumulative impacts are potentially substantial. Disposal of end-of-use products with general household waste was evident: this leads to contamination of non-hazardous waste and fails to valorize the materials lost. Collection schemes for end-of-use nail varnish offer a possible way forward, but would benefit from fuller understanding of the potential for consumer engagement.
{"title":"NAIL VARNISH PACKAGING AND RESIDUE WASTES: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS","authors":"Emily Appleby, Peter Shaw","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15192","url":null,"abstract":"As global consumption of nail varnish grows, quantities of packaging waste and residues will increase. End-of-use decisions for nail varnish have implications. Residues contain some hazardous substances, whilst packaging has potential for valorization. The extent of problems related to the disposal of end-of-use nail varnish products remains unclear. This study aimed to gain evidence to inform potential management measures. An inventory of hazardous substances in nail varnish products available in the UK was compiled to ascertain their potential for harm to the environment and/or human health. Discarded samples of end-of-use nail varnish products were then collected from volunteers in the UK to determine weights of packaging materials and residues. A parallel survey explored UK consumers’ means of disposal and opportunities for positive change. All the brands examined contained at least one hazardous substance; over a hundred hazardous substances were identified in total for the 24 samples audited. Hazards to human health were most common. On average, 7.2g of nail varnish remained in bottles at the point of disposal. Average weights for glass bottles and plastic lids/applicators were 28.5g and 5.6g, respectively. End-of-use products thus generate small quantities of residues and packaging, but the cumulative impacts are potentially substantial. Disposal of end-of-use products with general household waste was evident: this leads to contamination of non-hazardous waste and fails to valorize the materials lost. Collection schemes for end-of-use nail varnish offer a possible way forward, but would benefit from fuller understanding of the potential for consumer engagement.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15195
Pablo Schamber, Sergio Bon
For more than two decades there has been an on-going debate in Argentina about the draft bills presented to congress for the management of packaging waste and the notion of extended producer responsibility. This article analyses the points of agreement and controversies among the stakeholders with respect to their approach to the debate. The analysis basically covers the discussions around three key issues related to a proposed packaging waste management system: the obliged subjects liable to make contributions, the state or private nature of the entity responsible for managing such system, and the role of the waste pickers and their organizations. A number of secondary sources were consulted (legislative files, dossiers, public records and bibliography), and several interviews were conducted to a number key actors (specialists in this field, legislative advisers, waste picker’s referents, law makers, public servants and technical experts) for the writing of this paper.
{"title":"Extended producer responsibility (EPR) and packaging regulations in Argentina: reflections on the aspects associated with the blocking of the draft legislation initiatives","authors":"Pablo Schamber, Sergio Bon","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15195","url":null,"abstract":"For more than two decades there has been an on-going debate in Argentina about the draft bills presented to congress for the management of packaging waste and the notion of extended producer responsibility. This article analyses the points of agreement and controversies among the stakeholders with respect to their approach to the debate. The analysis basically covers the discussions around three key issues related to a proposed packaging waste management system: the obliged subjects liable to make contributions, the state or private nature of the entity responsible for managing such system, and the role of the waste pickers and their organizations. A number of secondary sources were consulted (legislative files, dossiers, public records and bibliography), and several interviews were conducted to a number key actors (specialists in this field, legislative advisers, waste picker’s referents, law makers, public servants and technical experts) for the writing of this paper.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44305205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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