Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107093
Xinyu Yang , Yang Yang , Ke Zhang , Ru Zhao , Hao Tian , Lei Yang , Xiuhua Zhao
Homogenization-circulating ultrasound in combination with an aqueous enzymatic pretreatment microwave-assisted extraction (HCUEPM) technique was successfully applied to extract kernel oil and essential oil from Litsea cubeba fruits. After screening the types and concentrations of enzymes, a 3 % pectinase aqueous solution was chosen. The Plackett–Burman design was used to screen eight parameters that might affect the yield of kernel oil and essential oil to identify significant variables. The best conditions were then predicted by further optimizing statistically significant factors via the Box–Behnken design. The optimal conditions were as follows: stirring speed of 1000 r/min, environmental pH of 5, homogenization time of 4 min, duty cycle of 20 %, ultrasound irradiation power of 400 W, incubation temperature of 52.78 °C, liquid–solid ratio of 9.31 mL/g, and incubation time of 2.53 h. Three parallel experiments were conducted under these conditions, yielding actual kernel oil at 240.56 ± 11.07 mL/kg DW and essential oil at 64.89 ± 3.1 mL/kg DW, which are close to the theoretical values. Compared with the HCUEPM method, the homogenization-microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (HMHD) method yielded 65.63 ± 3.2 mL/kg DW of essential oil but could not extract kernel oil. These findings demonstrate that the HCUEPM used in this study can efficiently extract a significant amount of kernel oil and essential oil from L. cubeba fruits in a short period of time. GC–MS analysis of the kernel oil and essential oil extracted via different methods revealed no significant differences in composition. The main components of the essential oil were D-limonene, trans-citral, cis-citral, and citronellal. The main components of the kernel oil were C10 and C12 medium-chain fatty acids, laying the foundation for the potential application of L. cubeba kernel oil and essential oil in the field of human health.
{"title":"Homogenization-circulating ultrasound in combination with aqueous enzymatic pretreatment for microwave-assisted extraction of kernel oil and essential oil from the fruit of Litsea cubeba","authors":"Xinyu Yang , Yang Yang , Ke Zhang , Ru Zhao , Hao Tian , Lei Yang , Xiuhua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Homogenization-circulating ultrasound in combination with an aqueous enzymatic pretreatment microwave-assisted extraction (HCUEPM) technique was successfully applied to extract kernel oil and essential oil from <em>Litsea cubeba</em> fruits. After screening the types and concentrations of enzymes, a 3 % pectinase aqueous solution was chosen. The Plackett–Burman design was used to screen eight parameters that might affect the yield of kernel oil and essential oil to identify significant variables. The best conditions were then predicted by further optimizing statistically significant factors via the Box–Behnken design. The optimal conditions were as follows: stirring speed of 1000 r/min, environmental pH of 5, homogenization time of 4 min, duty cycle of 20 %, ultrasound irradiation power of 400 W, incubation temperature of 52.78 °C, liquid–solid ratio of 9.31 mL/g, and incubation time of 2.53 h. Three parallel experiments were conducted under these conditions, yielding actual kernel oil at 240.56 ± 11.07 mL/kg DW and essential oil at 64.89 ± 3.1 mL/kg DW, which are close to the theoretical values. Compared with the HCUEPM method, the homogenization-microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (HMHD) method yielded 65.63 ± 3.2 mL/kg DW of essential oil but could not extract kernel oil. These findings demonstrate that the HCUEPM used in this study can efficiently extract a significant amount of kernel oil and essential oil from <em>L. cubeba</em> fruits in a short period of time. GC–MS analysis of the kernel oil and essential oil extracted via different methods revealed no significant differences in composition. The main components of the essential oil were <em>D</em>-limonene, <em>trans</em>-citral, <em>cis</em>-citral, and citronellal. The main components of the kernel oil were C<sub>10</sub> and C<sub>12</sub> medium-chain fatty acids, laying the foundation for the potential application of <em>L. cubeba</em> kernel oil and essential oil in the field of human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107093"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107098
Cunyu Li , Yun Ma , Shuwan Tang , Yangyang Xu , Xin Shen , Ranyun Qiu , Shenglian Cai , Yanyu Ma , Xinglei Zhi
<div><div>A significant amount of glycyrrhiza wastewater is generated in the cleaning process of glycyrrhiza. The wastewater contains polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and other polyphenols, which is expensive for cleanup and wastes medical resources. To reduce environmental pollution from glycyrrhiza wastewater and increase the resource usage efficiency of glycyrrhiza components. According to the physicochemical properties of the component in glycyrrhiza wastewater, the ultrasonic assisted membrane separation mode was adopted to regulate the micellar state of glycyrrhizic acid and enhance the differences in membrane separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavones, in order to achieve the classification and separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavones while removing organic matter in glycyrrhiza wastewater. However, the efficiency, application, and mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted membrane technology for the separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids from glycyrrhiza wastewater remain unclear. This study presents a green and feasible technical strategy for glycyrrhiza wastewater treatment that was developed by adjusting the parameters of ultrasonic assisted membrane separation. In this study, the systematic separation mode of ultrasonic enhanced ultrafiltration combined with nanofiltration is provided. The SCQ-9200E ultrasonic system was provided for the study with adjustable ultrasonic power, and the ultrasonic frequency was 40 kHz. The glycyrrhizic acid micelle was changed using ultrasonic power, pH, and molecular weight cut off (MWCO), and the separation differences among polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin were enhanced. The optimal polysaccharide separation parameters used in the first step: MWCO 30 kDa, ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 5.00, and the rejections of polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin were 87.72 %, 8.01 %, and 6.57 %, respectively. The second step included the following parameters for the separation of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid: MWCO 10 kDa, ultrasonic power 100 W and pH 8.00, the rejections of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were 9.22 % and 40.65 %, respectively. The third step is to remove the low molecular sugar in liquiritin by nanofiltration: MWCO 800 Da, pH 8.00, retention solution diluted and separated twice, the rejection of liquiritin and total sugar were 95.72 % and 3.70 %, respectively. Ultrasonic may regulate the microtopography of glycyrrhiza wastewater with the power intensity of 50 W/L, improving the mass transfer efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in the ultrafiltration separation process. As the separation volume of wastewater increased from 2.00 L to 20.00 L, the concentrations of polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin increased by 2.5–35.4 times, 0.6–15.2 times, and 2.4–32.8 times, respectively, significantly increasing the content of index components in wastewater and solving the problem of recycling and resourc
{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted membrane processes for the systematic purification of glycyrrhiza wastewater","authors":"Cunyu Li , Yun Ma , Shuwan Tang , Yangyang Xu , Xin Shen , Ranyun Qiu , Shenglian Cai , Yanyu Ma , Xinglei Zhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant amount of glycyrrhiza wastewater is generated in the cleaning process of glycyrrhiza. The wastewater contains polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and other polyphenols, which is expensive for cleanup and wastes medical resources. To reduce environmental pollution from glycyrrhiza wastewater and increase the resource usage efficiency of glycyrrhiza components. According to the physicochemical properties of the component in glycyrrhiza wastewater, the ultrasonic assisted membrane separation mode was adopted to regulate the micellar state of glycyrrhizic acid and enhance the differences in membrane separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavones, in order to achieve the classification and separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavones while removing organic matter in glycyrrhiza wastewater. However, the efficiency, application, and mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted membrane technology for the separation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids from glycyrrhiza wastewater remain unclear. This study presents a green and feasible technical strategy for glycyrrhiza wastewater treatment that was developed by adjusting the parameters of ultrasonic assisted membrane separation. In this study, the systematic separation mode of ultrasonic enhanced ultrafiltration combined with nanofiltration is provided. The SCQ-9200E ultrasonic system was provided for the study with adjustable ultrasonic power, and the ultrasonic frequency was 40 kHz. The glycyrrhizic acid micelle was changed using ultrasonic power, pH, and molecular weight cut off (MWCO), and the separation differences among polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin were enhanced. The optimal polysaccharide separation parameters used in the first step: MWCO 30 kDa, ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 5.00, and the rejections of polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin were 87.72 %, 8.01 %, and 6.57 %, respectively. The second step included the following parameters for the separation of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid: MWCO 10 kDa, ultrasonic power 100 W and pH 8.00, the rejections of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were 9.22 % and 40.65 %, respectively. The third step is to remove the low molecular sugar in liquiritin by nanofiltration: MWCO 800 Da, pH 8.00, retention solution diluted and separated twice, the rejection of liquiritin and total sugar were 95.72 % and 3.70 %, respectively. Ultrasonic may regulate the microtopography of glycyrrhiza wastewater with the power intensity of 50 W/L, improving the mass transfer efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in the ultrafiltration separation process. As the separation volume of wastewater increased from 2.00 L to 20.00 L, the concentrations of polysaccharide, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin increased by 2.5–35.4 times, 0.6–15.2 times, and 2.4–32.8 times, respectively, significantly increasing the content of index components in wastewater and solving the problem of recycling and resourc","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107098"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107095
Yuheng Li , Chao Zhang , Shuyi Li , Zhenzhou Zhu , Xuehua Wang , Giancarlo Cravotto
The industrial preparation of kudzu starch (KS) significantly reduces the remaining of flavonoids like puerarin (PU) in the product, weakening its biological activity and making pre-treatments on kudzu crucial. Ultrasonic technique, widely used for modifying biomolecules, can enhance nutrient interactions like those between starch and polyphenols in foods. Thus, a puerarin-kudzu starch (PKS) complex was prepared with the introduction of ultrasonic pretreatment. The results indicated that sonication increased the binding of PU to KS from 0.399 ± 0.01 to 0.609 ± 0.05 mg/g. Particle size analysis and SEM revealed that the particles of the ultrasonic puerarin-kudzu starch complex (UPKS) were larger than those of the untreated complexes. XRD, UV–vis, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses indicated that hydrogen bonding primarily governs the interaction between PU and KS. Additionally, incorporating PU decreased the starch structure’s orderliness, while ultrasonic treatment altered the helical configuration of straight-chain starch, leading to the formation of a new, ordered structure through the creation of new hydrogen bonds. Additionally, gels formed from UPKS exhibited higher viscosity, elasticity, and shear stress, suggesting that ultrasound significantly altered the intermolecular interactions between PKS. In conclusion, the use of ultrasound under optimal conditions has demonstrated its effectiveness in preparing PKS complexes, highlighting its significant potential to produce high value-added kudzu-based products.
{"title":"Improving complexation of puerarin with kudzu starch by various ultrasonic pretreatment: Interaction mechanism analysis","authors":"Yuheng Li , Chao Zhang , Shuyi Li , Zhenzhou Zhu , Xuehua Wang , Giancarlo Cravotto","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial preparation of kudzu starch (KS) significantly reduces the remaining of flavonoids like puerarin (PU) in the product, weakening its biological activity and making pre-treatments on kudzu crucial. Ultrasonic technique, widely used for modifying biomolecules, can enhance nutrient interactions like those between starch and polyphenols in foods. Thus, a puerarin-kudzu starch (PKS) complex was prepared with the introduction of ultrasonic pretreatment. The results indicated that sonication increased the binding of PU to KS from 0.399 ± 0.01 to 0.609 ± 0.05 mg/g. Particle size analysis and SEM revealed that the particles of the ultrasonic puerarin-kudzu starch complex (UPKS) were larger than those of the untreated complexes. XRD, UV–vis, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses indicated that hydrogen bonding primarily governs the interaction between PU and KS. Additionally, incorporating PU decreased the starch structure’s orderliness, while ultrasonic treatment altered the helical configuration of straight-chain starch, leading to the formation of a new, ordered structure through the creation of new hydrogen bonds. Additionally, gels formed from UPKS exhibited higher viscosity, elasticity, and shear stress, suggesting that ultrasound significantly altered the intermolecular interactions between PKS. In conclusion, the use of ultrasound under optimal conditions has demonstrated its effectiveness in preparing PKS complexes, highlighting its significant potential to produce high value-added kudzu-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107095"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whey protein concentrates (WPCs) are gaining importance as a functional ingredient due to their high technological and functional properties and their diverse application in the food industry. In this study, Camel milk whey (CW) was separated from skimmed camel milk, then either spray-dried (SD) at 170, 185 and 200 °C, or treated by ultrasonication (US) (20 kHz) for 5, 10 and 15 min followed by freeze-drying to obtain camel milk whey powder (CWP). The structural analysis of CWP was carried out by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which showed no significant difference in the functional groups profile of US samples compared to control and SD samples. US samples showed some degree of crystallinity that was comparable to the control samples, while SD samples exhibited very low degree of crystallinity. The surface morphology, particle size, and surface charge of CWP were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Zetasizer. The lowest particle size of 215.1 nm with surface charge of −21.6 mv was observed in SD-185 WPC. Moreover, SD samples revealed whiter color compared to the US-treated samples which were having lower L* values (P < 0.05). US-15 sample exhibited high protein solubility (100 %), whereas the SD-200 sample showed reduced solubility (92.7 %). Improvement in the emulsifying activity of CWP samples was observed after SD and US, with highest emulsifying activity index (EAI) values of 143.75 m2/g and 143.11 m2/g were reported for SD-185 and US-15 CWP samples, respectively. To conclude, SD and US were found to improve the physico-chemical, technological, and functional properties of CWP, and thus can be utilized as a promising strategy to preserve and enhance the technofunctional properties of CWP.
{"title":"Camel milk whey powder formulated using thermal (spray-drying process) and non-thermal (ultrasonication) processing methods: Effect on physicochemical, technological, and functional properties","authors":"Alanoud Al-Thaibani , Hussein Mostafa , Mariam Al Alawi , Amel Sboui , Fathalla Hamed , Priti Mudgil , Sajid Maqsood","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whey protein concentrates (WPCs) are gaining importance as a functional ingredient due to their high technological and functional properties and their diverse application in the food industry. In this study, Camel milk whey (CW) was separated from skimmed camel milk, then either spray-dried (SD) at 170, 185 and 200 °C, or treated by ultrasonication (US) (20 kHz) for 5, 10 and 15 min followed by freeze-drying to obtain camel milk whey powder (CWP). The structural analysis of CWP was carried out by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which showed no significant difference in the functional groups profile of US samples compared to control and SD samples. US samples showed some degree of crystallinity that was comparable to the control samples, while SD samples exhibited very low degree of crystallinity. The surface morphology, particle size, and surface charge of CWP were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Zetasizer. The lowest particle size of 215.1 nm with surface charge of −21.6 mv was observed in SD-185 WPC. Moreover, SD samples revealed whiter color compared to the US-treated samples which were having lower <em>L*</em> values (P < 0.05). US-15 sample exhibited high protein solubility (100 %), whereas the SD-200 sample showed reduced solubility (92.7 %). Improvement in the emulsifying activity of CWP samples was observed after SD and US, with highest emulsifying activity index (EAI) values of 143.75 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 143.11 m<sup>2</sup>/g were reported for SD-185 and US-15 CWP samples, respectively. To conclude, SD and US were found to improve the physico-chemical, technological, and functional properties of CWP, and thus can be utilized as a promising strategy to preserve and enhance the technofunctional properties of CWP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107097"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107094
Jennifer Osamede Airouyuwa , Hina Khan , Hussein Mostafa , Priti Mudgil , Sajid Maqsood
This study focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from date seeds using five polyol-based deep eutectic solvents (P-DESs) in combination with hybrid green extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), homogenization-assisted extraction (HAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimization of these extraction techniques was achieved using P-DESs showing the highest efficiency for extracting date seed bioactive compounds using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) approach. The optimized conditions from three green techniques were further applied in the form of hybrid green extraction techniques, involving six binary and three ternary methods, to assess the percentage increase in the extraction efficiency of date seed bioactive polyphenolics. Among the five P-DESs tested, choline chloride: ethylene glycol (ChCl:Eg) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for recovering date seed phenolic compounds. Using ChCl:Eg as the P-DES, the highest extraction efficacy was found with MAE, followed by > HAE and > UAE. In addition, all hybrid extraction techniques showed higher extraction efficiencies than the single extraction methods. Notably, the binary hybrid techniques combining UAE and MAE (UMAE), HAE and MAE (HMAE) resulted in significantly higher recovery of bioactive compounds, with 52 % and 49 % increases in total phenolic content, respectively, compared to single extraction techniques. The lowest MIC and MBC of P-DES (ChCl:Eg) and date seed P-DES based extract recorded against all the tested bacterial strains was 40 % and 20 % respectively. Furthermore, the date seed extract from MAE was used to extend the shelf life of Oreochromis niloticus stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The results indicated that the date seed polyphenolic extract effectively inhibited microbial growth in Oreochromis niloticus during refrigerated storage, with the total bacterial count (TBC) of all the treated samples within the recommended acceptability limit of < 6 log CFU/g compared to the untreated samples, which showed a total bacterial count (TBC) > 6 log CFU/g. This study demonstrated that sequential hybrid techniques enhance and intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds more effectively than any single green technique.
本研究的重点是使用五种多元醇基深共晶溶剂（P-DESs），结合混合绿色萃取技术，特别是微波辅助萃取（MAE）、均质化辅助萃取（HAE）和超声波辅助萃取（UAE），从椰枣种子中提取生物活性化合物。采用响应面方法学（RSM）和中央复合设计（CCD）方法对这些萃取技术进行了优化，结果表明 P-DESs 萃取枣籽生物活性化合物的效率最高。三种绿色萃取技术的优化条件被进一步应用到混合绿色萃取技术中，其中包括六种二元萃取法和三种三元萃取法，以评估枣籽生物活性多酚萃取效率的提高百分比。在测试的五种 P-DES 中，氯化胆碱：乙二醇（ChCl:Eg）回收枣籽酚类化合物的提取效率最高。使用 ChCl:Eg 作为 P-DES 时，MAE 的萃取效率最高，其次是 > HAE 和 > UAE。此外，所有混合萃取技术的萃取效率都高于单一萃取方法。值得注意的是，UAE 和 MAE（UMAE）、HAE 和 MAE（HMAE）的二元混合萃取技术与单一萃取技术相比，生物活性化合物的回收率明显更高，总酚含量分别增加了 52% 和 49%。基于 P-DES（ChCl:Eg）和枣籽 P-DES 提取物对所有受试细菌菌株的最低 MIC 和 MBC 分别为 40% 和 20%。此外，从 MAE 中提取的枣籽提取物可用于延长在 4 °C 下储存 10 天的黑线鲈的保质期。结果表明，枣籽多酚提取物能有效抑制冷藏贮藏期间黑线鲈体内微生物的生长，所有处理样品的细菌总数（TBC）均在 6 log CFU/g 的建议可接受范围内。这项研究表明，与任何单一的绿色技术相比，连续混合技术能更有效地提高和加强生物活性化合物的回收率。
{"title":"A comparative study on sequential green hybrid techniques (ultrasonication, microwave and high shear homogenization) for the extraction of date seed bioactive compounds and its application as an additive for shelf-life extension of Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Jennifer Osamede Airouyuwa , Hina Khan , Hussein Mostafa , Priti Mudgil , Sajid Maqsood","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from date seeds using five polyol-based deep eutectic solvents (P-DESs) in combination with hybrid green extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), homogenization-assisted extraction (HAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimization of these extraction techniques was achieved using P-DESs showing the highest efficiency for extracting date seed bioactive compounds using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) approach. The optimized conditions from three green techniques were further applied in the form of hybrid green extraction techniques, involving six binary and three ternary methods, to assess the percentage increase in the extraction efficiency of date seed bioactive polyphenolics. Among the five P-DESs tested, choline chloride: ethylene glycol (ChCl:Eg) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for recovering date seed phenolic compounds. Using ChCl:Eg as the P-DES, the highest extraction efficacy was found with MAE, followed by > HAE and > UAE. In addition, all hybrid extraction techniques showed higher extraction efficiencies than the single extraction methods. Notably, the binary hybrid techniques combining UAE and MAE (UMAE), HAE and MAE (HMAE) resulted in significantly higher recovery of bioactive compounds, with 52 % and 49 % increases in total phenolic content, respectively, compared to single extraction techniques. The lowest MIC and MBC of P-DES (ChCl:Eg) and date seed P-DES based extract recorded against all the tested bacterial strains was 40 % and 20 % respectively. Furthermore, the date seed extract from MAE was used to extend the shelf life of <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The results indicated that the date seed polyphenolic extract effectively inhibited microbial growth in <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> during refrigerated storage, with the total bacterial count (TBC) of all the treated samples within the recommended acceptability limit of < 6 log CFU/g compared to the untreated samples, which showed a total bacterial count (TBC) > 6 log CFU/g. This study demonstrated that sequential hybrid techniques enhance and intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds more effectively than any single green technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107094"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107096
Han Yi , Xingyu Jiang , Li Feng , Liangfei Tian , Huaming Yang
Bacterial infections pose considerable health risks, emphasising the critical need for effective and biocompatible antibacterial drugs. Considerably, we developed an efficient antimicrobial system incorporating the combined potential of high-frequency ultrasound and antimicrobial drugs against bacterial infections. A ZnO–kaolinite (Kaol) composite with antibacterial properties was synthesised by growing ZnO on the Kaol nano-clay surface using the co-precipitation method. High-frequency ultrasound efficiently promotes the release of Zn2+, which enhances the antibacterial properties. Furthermore, in-depth in vitro antibacterial studies and bacterial live/dead staining experiments validate the exceptionally high antibacterial performance of the composite. Therefore, owing to the synergistic effects of high-frequency ultrasound and antibacterial properties, the as-prepared novel antibacterial composite is a promising potential substitute for conventional antibacterial agents.
{"title":"High-frequency ultrasound modulation of Zn2+ release from nanoclay supported ZnO antibacterial composites","authors":"Han Yi , Xingyu Jiang , Li Feng , Liangfei Tian , Huaming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial infections pose considerable health risks, emphasising the critical need for effective and biocompatible antibacterial drugs. Considerably, we developed an efficient antimicrobial system incorporating the combined potential of high-frequency ultrasound and antimicrobial drugs against bacterial infections. A ZnO–kaolinite (Kaol) composite with antibacterial properties was synthesised by growing ZnO on the Kaol nano-clay surface using the co-precipitation method. High-frequency ultrasound efficiently promotes the release of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which enhances the antibacterial properties. Furthermore, in-depth in vitro antibacterial studies and bacterial live/dead staining experiments validate the exceptionally high antibacterial performance of the composite. Therefore, owing to the synergistic effects of high-frequency ultrasound and antibacterial properties, the as-prepared novel antibacterial composite is a promising potential substitute for conventional antibacterial agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107096"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107072
K.L. Baltrusch, M.D. Torres, H. Domínguez
Sea lettuce, or Ulva spp., dominates global algal biomass and significantly contributes to “green tides.”, representing a sustainable source for biomaterials. This study explores an innovative ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction method with the novel Cellic® CTEC3 enzyme cocktail, applied for the first time in Ulva spp. succesfully enhancing ulvan release and extraction efficiency. Various processing methods, including ultrafiltration and dialysis, were employed to achieve higher ulvan purity. Dialyzation of ulvan resulted in a more purified product with a carbohydrate content up to 55.34 %, a sulfate content up to 21 %, and no glucose contamination. Liquid extracts were fractionated through ultrafiltration, with a 3 kDa MWCO yielding 93.51 % ulvan precipitate, representing 50.28 % of the total extractable ulvan. Sequential ultrafiltration concentrated ulvans but only partially modified their molecular weight distribution. Depolymerization using microwave and H2O2 shifted ulvans towards lower molecular weights, reducing high molecular weight residue. HPSEC confirmed pH-dependent aggregation behavior, with all isolated ulvans having molecular weights above 786 kDa. Hydrolysis methods were compared, with 2-hour 1 M TFA hydrolysis at 121 °C providing the best monosaccharide profile of ulvan. FTIR and NMR analyses showed preservation of sulfation. Rheology indicated biopolymeric behavior and stable gel formation. Ulvans demonstrated nutraceutical potential, being suitable for a low Na+ and high K+ diet, with a Na+:K+ ratio as low as 0.14, and were rich in Mg2+.
{"title":"Characterization, ultrafiltration, depolymerization and gel formulation of ulvans extracted via a novel ultrasound-enzyme assisted method","authors":"K.L. Baltrusch, M.D. Torres, H. Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea lettuce, or <em>Ulva</em> spp., dominates global algal biomass and significantly contributes to “green tides.”, representing a sustainable source for biomaterials. This study explores an innovative ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction method with the novel Cellic® CTEC3 enzyme cocktail, applied for the first time in <em>Ulva</em> spp. succesfully enhancing ulvan release and extraction efficiency. Various processing methods, including ultrafiltration and dialysis, were employed to achieve higher ulvan purity. Dialyzation of ulvan resulted in a more purified product with a carbohydrate content up to 55.34 %, a sulfate content up to 21 %, and no glucose contamination. Liquid extracts were fractionated through ultrafiltration, with a 3 kDa MWCO yielding 93.51 % ulvan precipitate, representing 50.28 % of the total extractable ulvan. Sequential ultrafiltration concentrated ulvans but only partially modified their molecular weight distribution. Depolymerization using microwave and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> shifted ulvans towards lower molecular weights, reducing high molecular weight residue. HPSEC confirmed pH-dependent aggregation behavior, with all isolated ulvans having molecular weights above 786 kDa. Hydrolysis methods were compared, with 2-hour 1 M TFA hydrolysis at 121 °C providing the best monosaccharide profile of ulvan. FTIR and NMR analyses showed preservation of sulfation. Rheology indicated biopolymeric behavior and stable gel formation. Ulvans demonstrated nutraceutical potential, being suitable for a low Na<sup>+</sup> and high K<sup>+</sup> diet, with a Na<sup>+</sup>:K<sup>+</sup> ratio as low as 0.14, and were rich in Mg<sup>2+</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107072"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107068
Davide Masiello , Ignacio Tudela , Stephen J. Shaw , Ben Jacobson , Paul Prentice , Prashant Valluri , Rama Govindarajan
Most research on sonoluminescence and sonochemistry has been conducted at acoustic frequencies above 20 kHz. Consequently, mathematical models for the dynamics of acoustically-driven bubbles have hardly been examined in the audible frequency spectrum. Here, we develop a new hybrid modelling approach that combines the rigour of the advection–diffusion model whilst retaining the simplicity of a reduced-order boundary layer model to predict phase-change, mass and heat transfer in an inertially collapsing bubble excited by audible sound. Differences in these approaches are explored through a thorough validation against experimental data obtained from ultra-high speed videos of bubble dynamics at 17.8 kHz. Our results indicate that, while the boundary layer model agrees well with the advection–diffusion model at high driving frequencies, there are significant deviations at lower frequencies, where the boundary layer model overpredicts parameters such as bubble size and quantity of trapped vapour while underpredicting others such as temperature and pressure. These deviations at lower frequencies is caused by an inaccurate estimation of the boundary layer thickness originating from the time-scale competition between diffusion and fast bubble wall motion. Our work questions the suitability of existing reduced-order models developed for ultrasonic frequencies when applied to the audible range, reinforcing that further research in the audible range is needed.
{"title":"Mass and heat transfer in audible sound driven bubbles","authors":"Davide Masiello , Ignacio Tudela , Stephen J. Shaw , Ben Jacobson , Paul Prentice , Prashant Valluri , Rama Govindarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most research on sonoluminescence and sonochemistry has been conducted at acoustic frequencies above <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span>20 kHz. Consequently, mathematical models for the dynamics of acoustically-driven bubbles have hardly been examined in the audible frequency spectrum. Here, we develop a new hybrid modelling approach that combines the rigour of the advection–diffusion model whilst retaining the simplicity of a reduced-order boundary layer model to predict phase-change, mass and heat transfer in an inertially collapsing bubble excited by audible sound. Differences in these approaches are explored through a thorough validation against experimental data obtained from ultra-high speed videos of bubble dynamics at 17.8 kHz. Our results indicate that, while the boundary layer model agrees well with the advection–diffusion model at high driving frequencies, there are significant deviations at lower frequencies, where the boundary layer model overpredicts parameters such as bubble size and quantity of trapped vapour while underpredicting others such as temperature and pressure. These deviations at lower frequencies is caused by an inaccurate estimation of the boundary layer thickness originating from the time-scale competition between diffusion and fast bubble wall motion. Our work questions the suitability of existing reduced-order models developed for ultrasonic frequencies when applied to the audible range, reinforcing that further research in the audible range is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107068"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107091
Tara Khursheed , Anees Ahmed Khalil , Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar , Ahood Khalid , Muhammad Rizwan Tariq , Tawfiq Alsulami , Robert Mugabi , Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
Centella asiatica has been known for its significant medicinal properties due to abundance of bioactive constituents like triterpenoids and flavonoids. Nevertheless, an appropriate solvent system and extraction technique is still lacking to ensure optimized extraction of bioactive constituents present in C. asiatica. Recently, scientists are more focused towards application of green sustainable extraction techniques for the valuable components from plant matrix owing to their eco-friendly and safe nature. Among these, ultrasonication (US) is known as a valuable strategy for separation of bioactive components from medicinal plants. Hence, current research was performed to observe the effect of ultrasonication in the presence of five different solvents (Water, Hexane, Methanol, Chloroform, and Ethyl acetate) on total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, Nitric oxide radical activity, and Superoxide anion assay), and four major triterpenoid contents in C. asiatica leaves. Herein, ultrasound assisted methanolic extract (UAME) possessed maximum amount of TPC (129.54 mg GAE/g), TFC (308.31 mg QE/g), and antioxidant properties (DPPH: 82.21 % & FRAP: 45.98 µmol TE/g) followed by ultrasound-assisted Water extract (UAWE), ultrasound-assisted ethyl acetate extract (UAEAE), ultrasound-assisted n-hexane extract (UAHE), and ultrasound-assisted chloroform extract (UACE), respectively. Moreover, the superoxide radical and nitric oxide assays depicted a similar trend, revealing the highest percent inhibition for UAME (SO: 83.47 % & NO: 66.76 %) however, the lowest inhibition was displayed by UACE (63.22 % & 50.21 %), respectively. Highest content of major terpenoids were found in UAME of C. asiatica leaves as madecassoside (8.21 mg/g) followed by asiaticoside (7.82 mg/g), madecassic acid (4.44 mg/g), and asiatic acid (3.38 mg/g). Ultrasound-assisted extraction technique can be an efficient extraction method for bioactive compounds present in C. asiatica. However, ultrasonication along with methanol as an extraction solvent can surely enhance the extraction of valuable constituents. The results of this study provide an insight into major terpenoids, and antioxidants present in extracts of C. asiatica, implicating its use in ancient medicine systems and future drug development.
{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and major triterpenoids from Centella asiatica leaves: A comparative study","authors":"Tara Khursheed , Anees Ahmed Khalil , Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar , Ahood Khalid , Muhammad Rizwan Tariq , Tawfiq Alsulami , Robert Mugabi , Gulzar Ahmad Nayik","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Centella asiatica</em> has been known for its significant medicinal properties due to abundance of bioactive constituents like triterpenoids and flavonoids. Nevertheless, an appropriate solvent system and extraction technique is still lacking to ensure optimized extraction of bioactive constituents present in <em>C. asiatica</em>. Recently, scientists are more focused towards application of green sustainable extraction techniques for the valuable components from plant matrix owing to their eco-friendly and safe nature. Among these, ultrasonication (US) is known as a valuable strategy for separation of bioactive components from medicinal plants. Hence, current research was performed to observe the effect of ultrasonication in the presence of five different solvents (Water, Hexane, Methanol, Chloroform, and Ethyl acetate) on total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, Nitric oxide radical activity, and Superoxide anion assay), and four major triterpenoid contents in <em>C. asiatica</em> leaves. Herein, ultrasound assisted methanolic extract (UAME) possessed maximum amount of TPC (129.54 mg GAE/g), TFC (308.31 mg QE/g), and antioxidant properties (DPPH: 82.21 % & FRAP: 45.98 µmol TE/g) followed by ultrasound-assisted Water extract (UAWE), ultrasound-assisted ethyl acetate extract (UAEAE), ultrasound-assisted n-hexane extract (UAHE), and ultrasound-assisted chloroform extract (UACE), respectively. Moreover, the superoxide radical and nitric oxide assays depicted a similar trend, revealing the highest percent inhibition for UAME (SO: 83.47 % & NO: 66.76 %) however, the lowest inhibition was displayed by UACE (63.22 % & 50.21 %), respectively. Highest content of major terpenoids were found in UAME of <em>C. asiatica</em> leaves as madecassoside (8.21 mg/g) followed by asiaticoside (7.82 mg/g), madecassic acid (4.44 mg/g), and asiatic acid (3.38 mg/g). Ultrasound-assisted extraction technique can be an efficient extraction method for bioactive compounds present in <em>C. asiatica</em>. However, ultrasonication along with methanol as an extraction solvent can surely enhance the extraction of valuable constituents. The results of this study provide an insight into major terpenoids, and antioxidants present in extracts of <em>C. asiatica</em>, implicating its use in ancient medicine systems and future drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107091"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107090
Priyankan Datta , Sreejesh Moolayadukkam , Rakesh Prasad Sahu , Ranjan Ganguly , Swarnendu Sen , Ishwar K. Puri
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a minimally invasive targeted cancer therapy that uses focused low-intensity ultrasound (<10 MPa, <10 W/cm2) to activate sonosensitizer drugs. Once activated, these chemical compounds generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage and kill cancer cells. A Phase I clinical trial has shown promising results for treating glioblastoma with SDT. We hypothesize that the efficacy of SDT can be improved by introducing lipid-coated microbubbles that produce a sonochemical effect that enhances ROS production. We investigate the hydrodynamics of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved microbubble, Lumason®, and a phospholipid-coated oxygen microbubble to predict the ultrasound parameters that induce sonoluminescence onset in biophysically relevant medium (e.g., water and blood) under clinical SDT conditions. The threshold pressures and frequencies for sonoluminescence with these therapeutic agents lie between 20 kHz – 1 MHz and 0.05 MPa – 1 MPa, respectively. The lipid-coated oxygen microbubble exhibits stronger sonoluminescence than the Lumason® microbubble, suggesting its use for improving SDT efficacy.
{"title":"Deciphering the hydrodynamics of lipid-coated microbubble sonoluminescence for sonodynamic therapy","authors":"Priyankan Datta , Sreejesh Moolayadukkam , Rakesh Prasad Sahu , Ranjan Ganguly , Swarnendu Sen , Ishwar K. Puri","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a minimally invasive targeted cancer therapy that uses focused low-intensity ultrasound (<10 MPa, <10 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) to activate sonosensitizer drugs. Once activated, these chemical compounds generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage and kill cancer cells. A Phase I clinical trial has shown promising results for treating glioblastoma with SDT. We hypothesize that the efficacy of SDT can be improved by introducing lipid-coated microbubbles that produce a sonochemical effect that enhances ROS production. We investigate the hydrodynamics of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved microbubble, <em>Lumason</em>®, and a phospholipid-coated oxygen microbubble to predict the ultrasound parameters that induce sonoluminescence onset in biophysically relevant medium (e.g., water and blood) under clinical SDT conditions. The threshold pressures and frequencies for sonoluminescence with these therapeutic agents lie between 20 kHz – 1 MHz and 0.05 MPa – 1 MPa, respectively. The lipid-coated oxygen microbubble exhibits stronger sonoluminescence than the <em>Lumason</em>® microbubble, suggesting its use for improving SDT efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 107090"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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