Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652
Tabussam Tufail , Huma Bader Ul Ain , Jawad Ashraf , Farhan Saeed , Zunaira Basharat , Zahoor Ahmed , Muhammad Waseem , Bin Xu , Muhammad Faisal Manzoor , Robert Mugabi
Current research investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) (20/40/60 kHz, 220 W, 30 min), germination (65 °C, 6 h), and their combined treatment (US + G) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancement and quality profile of barley flour and bran. The results showed the highest improvements in ultrasound-assisted germinated barley flour. GABA levels increased significantly, correlating with enhanced GAD and GABA-T enzyme activities. Similarly, TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential were improved, associated with upregulated expression of mPAL, mC3H, mCHS, and mC4H genes in WB and BB tissues, enhancing phenolics biosynthesis. Surface disruptions, increased porosity, and cellular disintegration were observed in ultrasonicated samples. XRD patterns showed significant molecular arrangements and increased amorphous regions in ultrasound-treated fractions. Furthermore, FTIR spectra reveal protein unfoldings in the amide I region, suggesting enhanced protein functionality in ultrasound-assisted germinated flour. Hence, ultrasound-assisted germination can be proposed as a sustainable approach for nutritional enhancement of barley fractions to improve their suitability for functional implications.
{"title":"Effects of germination and ultrasound treatment on the thermodynamics, nutritional and structural quality of highland barley fractions","authors":"Tabussam Tufail , Huma Bader Ul Ain , Jawad Ashraf , Farhan Saeed , Zunaira Basharat , Zahoor Ahmed , Muhammad Waseem , Bin Xu , Muhammad Faisal Manzoor , Robert Mugabi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) (20/40/60 kHz, 220 W, 30 min), germination (65 °C, 6 h), and their combined treatment (US + G) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancement and quality profile of barley flour and bran. The results showed the highest improvements in ultrasound-assisted germinated barley flour. GABA levels increased significantly, correlating with enhanced GAD and GABA-T enzyme activities. Similarly, TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential were improved, associated with upregulated expression of mPAL, mC3H, mCHS, and mC4H genes in WB and BB tissues, enhancing phenolics biosynthesis. Surface disruptions, increased porosity, and cellular disintegration were observed in ultrasonicated samples. XRD patterns showed significant molecular arrangements and increased amorphous regions in ultrasound-treated fractions. Furthermore, FTIR spectra reveal protein unfoldings in the amide I region, suggesting enhanced protein functionality in ultrasound-assisted germinated flour. Hence, ultrasound-assisted germination can be proposed as a sustainable approach for nutritional enhancement of barley fractions to improve their suitability for functional implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107652"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650
Nour Hane Merabet , Kaouther Kerboua , Enrica Fontananova , Jan Hoinkis , Intissar Gasmi
This study evaluates the performance of three anion-exchange membranes (FAS-50, AMX, Fujifilm-AEM) and a diaphragm separator (Zirfon® UTP 500) in alkaline water sono-electrolysis using a 25 % KOH electrolyte at ambient temperature. Energy efficiency, hydrogen production kinetics, and membrane stability were assessed experimentally and through modeling. Among the tested separators, Zirfon achieved the highest energy efficiency, outperforming AEM, AMX, and FAS-50. Hydrogen production rates under silent conditions ranged from 2.55 µg/s (AEM) to 2.92 µg/s (FAS-50), while sonication (40 kHz, 60 W) increased rates by 0.03–0.12 µg/s, with the strongest relative effect observed for FAS-50 (≈4.0 % increase). By contrast, Zirfon and AEM showed slight efficiency reductions (0.5–2 %) under ultrasound due to their higher structural resistance. Ion-exchange capacity tests confirmed significant degradation of polymeric membranes (IEC losses of 60–90 %), while Zirfon maintained stability in 25 % KOH. Modeling results showed that the diaphragm resistance was dominated by the ohmic losses (55–86 %), with ultrasound reducing bubble coverage and associated resistance only marginally (<0.02 V). Overall, Zirfon demonstrated superior stability and efficiency for long-term operation, while ultrasound primarily enhanced hydrogen evolution kinetics in mechanically weaker polymeric membranes.
{"title":"Modeling and experimental approach of membrane and diaphragm sono-electrolytic production of hydrogen","authors":"Nour Hane Merabet , Kaouther Kerboua , Enrica Fontananova , Jan Hoinkis , Intissar Gasmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of three anion-exchange membranes (FAS-50, AMX, Fujifilm-AEM) and a diaphragm separator (Zirfon® UTP 500) in alkaline water sono-electrolysis using a 25 % KOH electrolyte at ambient temperature. Energy efficiency, hydrogen production kinetics, and membrane stability were assessed experimentally and through modeling. Among the tested separators, Zirfon achieved the highest energy efficiency, outperforming AEM, AMX, and FAS-50. Hydrogen production rates under silent conditions ranged from 2.55 µg/s (AEM) to 2.92 µg/s (FAS-50), while sonication (40 kHz, 60 W) increased rates by 0.03–0.12 µg/s, with the strongest relative effect observed for FAS-50 (≈4.0 % increase). By contrast, Zirfon and AEM showed slight efficiency reductions (0.5–2 %) under ultrasound due to their higher structural resistance. Ion-exchange capacity tests confirmed significant degradation of polymeric membranes (IEC losses of 60–90 %), while Zirfon maintained stability in 25 % KOH. Modeling results showed that the diaphragm resistance was dominated by the ohmic losses (55–86 %), with ultrasound reducing bubble coverage and associated resistance only marginally (<0.02 V). Overall, Zirfon demonstrated superior stability and efficiency for long-term operation, while ultrasound primarily enhanced hydrogen evolution kinetics in mechanically weaker polymeric membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107650"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107646
Peng Xiao , Zhexuan Yu , Tianxue Chen , Li Yu , Yu He , Weifeng Jin
Kinetic modeling for herbal extraction in phytomedicine is of great importance for understanding the underlying mechanisms and improving process control and extraction efficiency. This study provides a systematic, comprehensive analysis and rigorous derivation of commonly used kinetic models, including ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, and empirical fitting models. Notably, the intrinsic logical relationships among these models are elucidated, highlighting that many differential equation models exhibit hierarchical or subordinate structures. This study further evaluates the performance of these models using experimental data reported in academic theses. A comprehensive assessment is conducted based on four criteria: the coefficient of determination (), Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual normality test (), and mean value test (). Model stability is also examined to ensure the robustness of the evaluation results. The results offer practical guidelines for selecting appropriate kinetic models and highlight the superior performance of the film theory model across most evaluation metrics. Additionally, when applied to ultrasound-assisted extraction data, the film theory model indicates that the rate constant k tends to increase with increasing ultrasonic power, whereas and show no consistent trends. These findings indicate a possible influence of ultrasonic power on mass transfer and extraction efficiency, which deserves further investigation. To facilitate model fitting and comparative analysis, this work develops an integrated modeling platform that enables researchers to easily use and evaluate various kinetic models.
{"title":"Systematic evaluation and platform construction of kinetics modeling for herbal extraction in phytomedicine","authors":"Peng Xiao , Zhexuan Yu , Tianxue Chen , Li Yu , Yu He , Weifeng Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kinetic modeling for herbal extraction in phytomedicine is of great importance for understanding the underlying mechanisms and improving process control and extraction efficiency. This study provides a systematic, comprehensive analysis and rigorous derivation of commonly used kinetic models, including ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, and empirical fitting models. Notably, the intrinsic logical relationships among these models are elucidated, highlighting that many differential equation models exhibit hierarchical or subordinate structures. This study further evaluates the performance of these models using experimental data reported in academic theses. A comprehensive assessment is conducted based on four criteria: the coefficient of determination (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>), Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual normality test (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and mean value test (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). Model stability is also examined to ensure the robustness of the evaluation results. The results offer practical guidelines for selecting appropriate kinetic models and highlight the superior performance of the film theory model across most evaluation metrics. Additionally, when applied to ultrasound-assisted extraction data, the film theory model indicates that the rate constant <em>k</em> tends to increase with increasing ultrasonic power, whereas <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span> show no consistent trends. These findings indicate a possible influence of ultrasonic power on mass transfer and extraction efficiency, which deserves further investigation. To facilitate model fitting and comparative analysis, this work develops an integrated modeling platform that enables researchers to easily use and evaluate various kinetic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107646"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107615
Prabhathma Yasasvi Rathnayake , Soyeong Kim , Rina Yu , Chemin Nam , Sin-Young Park , Seonae Hwangbo , Hae In Yong
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of focused ultrasound as a novel milk pasteurisation technology to replace conventional low-temperature long-time (LTLT) method. The microbial inactivation, immunoglobulin G (IgG) retention, and physicochemical properties of milk treated with focused ultrasound were evaluated. Thermo-cylindrical type (55 °C) focused ultrasound was used for all experiments. Milk was subjected to focused ultrasound at 30 W and 100 W for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min to investigate the antimicrobial effects of this method. The total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes counts decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing focused-ultrasound power and treatment time. Thus, focused ultrasound treatments were applied at 30 W and 100 W for 30 min in subsequent milk quality evaluation and compared with LTLT-treated milk. The IgG retention value of milk treated with focused ultrasound at 30 W and 100 W was higher than that of LTLT-treated milk (p < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity, pH, and whiteness index of milk treated with focused ultrasound at 100 W did not differ from LTLT-treated milk (p > 0.05). Moreover, milk treated with focused ultrasound at 100 W exhibited the smallest particle size and fat globules (p < 0.05). In conclusion, focused-ultrasound treatment at 55 °C and 100 W for 30 min improves milk microbial safety. Additionally, it preserves IgG activity and improves milk quality and stability by reducing fat globule size. Thus, focused ultrasound has the potential to become a novel milk pasteurisation technology for excellent antimicrobial effects and milk quality.
{"title":"Application of thermo-cylindrical type focused-ultrasound as novel milk pasteurization: microbial inactivation, immunoglobulin G retention, and physicochemical characteristics","authors":"Prabhathma Yasasvi Rathnayake , Soyeong Kim , Rina Yu , Chemin Nam , Sin-Young Park , Seonae Hwangbo , Hae In Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of focused ultrasound as a novel milk pasteurisation technology to replace conventional low-temperature long-time (LTLT) method. The microbial inactivation, immunoglobulin G (IgG) retention, and physicochemical properties of milk treated with focused ultrasound were evaluated. Thermo-cylindrical type (55 °C) focused ultrasound was used for all experiments. Milk was subjected to focused ultrasound at 30 W and 100 W for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min to investigate the antimicrobial effects of this method. The total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7, and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> counts decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing focused-ultrasound power and treatment time. Thus, focused ultrasound treatments were applied at 30 W and 100 W for 30 min in subsequent milk quality evaluation and compared with LTLT-treated milk. The IgG retention value of milk treated with focused ultrasound at 30 W and 100 W was higher than that of LTLT-treated milk (p < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity, pH, and whiteness index of milk treated with focused ultrasound at 100 W did not differ from LTLT-treated milk (p > 0.05). Moreover, milk treated with focused ultrasound at 100 W exhibited the smallest particle size and fat globules (p < 0.05). In conclusion, focused-ultrasound treatment at 55 °C and 100 W for 30 min improves milk microbial safety. Additionally, it preserves IgG activity and improves milk quality and stability by reducing fat globule size. Thus, focused ultrasound has the potential to become a novel milk pasteurisation technology for excellent antimicrobial effects and milk quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107615"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145399479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107648
Mosaad A. Kasaby , Wagih A. Sadik , Abdallah S. Elgharbawy , Ahmed A. Ghazy
The efficient production of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) from heavy alkylbenzene (HAB) has become increasingly essential due to the global demand for highly efficient detergents. This study introduces an innovative ultrasonic-induced transalkylation process, leveraging HAB as a catalyst to enhance reaction efficiency while ensuring sustainability. Unlike traditional methods, which often suffer from high energy consumption, prolonged reaction times, and environmental drawbacks, the proposed technique harnesses ultrasonic energy to significantly accelerate molecular interactions, reducing reaction time and operating temperatures without compromising product quality. Our comprehensive experimental analysis revealed that ultrasonic waves, combined with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) catalysis, achieved a significant conversion efficiency of HAB to LAB. Notably, this method outperformed conventional catalytic approaches by producing LAB with high purity, viscosity, and density that meet industrial standards. This ultrasonic-induced process presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable alternative for the large-scale production of LAB, offering significant environmental and operational advantages over traditional methods.
{"title":"Ultrasonic-induced transalkylation of heavy alkylbenzene to linear alkylbenzene using aluminum chloride: A green and efficient pathway for sustainable detergent production","authors":"Mosaad A. Kasaby , Wagih A. Sadik , Abdallah S. Elgharbawy , Ahmed A. Ghazy","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient production of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) from heavy alkylbenzene (HAB) has become increasingly essential due to the global demand for highly efficient detergents. This study introduces an innovative ultrasonic-induced transalkylation process, leveraging HAB as a catalyst to enhance reaction efficiency while ensuring sustainability. Unlike traditional methods, which often suffer from high energy consumption, prolonged reaction times, and environmental drawbacks, the proposed technique harnesses ultrasonic energy to significantly accelerate molecular interactions, reducing reaction time and operating temperatures without compromising product quality. Our comprehensive experimental analysis revealed that ultrasonic waves, combined with aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>) catalysis, achieved a significant conversion efficiency of HAB to LAB. Notably, this method outperformed conventional catalytic approaches by producing LAB with high purity, viscosity, and density that meet industrial standards. This ultrasonic-induced process presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable alternative for the large-scale production of LAB, offering significant environmental and operational advantages over traditional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107648"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107645
Ru Zhao , Xiaoli Li , Xiuqi Wu , Yulong Wu , Ning Tang , Chen Xu , Tingli Liu , Ailing Ben
In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal process parameters for extracting quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from the male inflorescences of Populus alba × berolinensis via the ultrasound-assisted cellulase hydrolysis and ethanol extraction (UACHEE) method and investigated the mechanism of cellulase action during the extraction process. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) was subsequently used to optimize the operating parameters. The optimal extraction parameters of ultrasound-assisted cellulase hydrolysis were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 70 %, 40 mg/g of dose of cellulase, 50 °C of incubation temperature, 148 min of incubation time, pH of 5, mL/g of liquid‒solid ratio, duty cycle of 16.67 %, 200 W of ultrasound irradiation power in the incubation process, 200 W of ultrasound irradiation power in the extraction process, and 15 min of ultrasound irradiation time in the extraction process. Compared with other extraction methods, UACHEE presented an advantage in maintaining higher yields of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin (428.68, 549.65, 1136.20 μg/g). In addition, we used different characterization methods to clarify the extraction mechanism of this method to better improve the extraction yield and efficiency of the target components. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for the potential practical application of the male inflorescences of P. alba × berolinensis extracts in fields such as medicine, functional foods, cosmetics, environment and agriculture.
{"title":"Optimization, comparison and mechanism of ultrasound-assisted cellulase hydrolysis and ethanol extraction of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from male inflorescences of Populus alba × berolinensis","authors":"Ru Zhao , Xiaoli Li , Xiuqi Wu , Yulong Wu , Ning Tang , Chen Xu , Tingli Liu , Ailing Ben","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal process parameters for extracting quercetin, luteolin and apigenin from the male inflorescences of <em>Populus alba</em> × <em>berolinensis</em> via the ultrasound-assisted cellulase hydrolysis and ethanol extraction (UACHEE) method and investigated the mechanism of cellulase action during the extraction process. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) was subsequently used to optimize the operating parameters. The optimal extraction parameters of ultrasound-assisted cellulase hydrolysis were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 70 %, 40 mg/g of dose of cellulase, 50 °C of incubation temperature, 148 min of incubation time, pH of 5, mL/g of liquid‒solid ratio, duty cycle of 16.67 %, 200 W of ultrasound irradiation power in the incubation process, 200 W of ultrasound irradiation power in the extraction process, and 15 min of ultrasound irradiation time in the extraction process. Compared with other extraction methods, UACHEE presented an advantage in maintaining higher yields of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin (428.68, 549.65, 1136.20 μg/g). In addition, we used different characterization methods to clarify the extraction mechanism of this method to better improve the extraction yield and efficiency of the target components. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for the potential practical application of the male inflorescences of <em>P. alba × berolinensis</em> extracts in fields such as medicine, functional foods, cosmetics, environment and agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107645"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107647
Ankita Kumari , Abdul Rahaman , Ibrahim Khalifa , Muhammad Adil Farooq , Xin-An Zeng , Narpinder Singh , Shan He
Enhancing the functional properties of Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) is critical for its effective application in the food industry. The present study explored SPI modification through twomethods: (1) varying the rotational speed of a Vortex Fluidic Device (VFD) between 2000 and 8000 rpm, and (2) integrating Ultrasound (US) treatment (40 kHz, 220 V; 10–50 min) in combination with VFD operation at 8000 rpm. VFD treatment reduced substantial particle size (from 1732 nm to 591.6 nm) and increased the denaturation temperature (Tp) to 109.56 °C, indicating enhanced thermal stability. While the secondary structure was largely stable, a specific conformational shift occurred at VFD6000, marked by a ∼6.7 % decrease in β-turns and a ∼2.9 % increase in β-sheets. In contrast, the synergistic USVFD treatment induced more pronounced structural changes; the US30VFD8000 condition increased β-sheet content by ∼7.4 % and promoted re-aggregation (particle size ∼761.5 nm vs. 623.1 nm for VFD8000), albeit with a slight reduction in Tp to 107.79 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that USVFD accelerated degradation, increasing mass loss to ∼36.7 % (vs. ∼29.4 % for native SPI) and reducing final residue to ∼21.2 % (vs. ∼25.3 % for VFD8000). SEM imaging clearly illustrated these trends, revealing fragmented structures after VFD and uniform aggregates with clusters following USVFD treatment. These findings demonstrate that VFD treatment primarily unfolds and fragments SPI, while USVFD promotes re-aggregation into a modified structure. This provides a strategic basis for tailoring SPI functionality, VFD for thermal stability and USVFD for improved hydration, enabling targeted applications in food design.
{"title":"Effect of vortex fluidic device and its combined treatment with ultrasonication on the conformational changes of soy protein isolate","authors":"Ankita Kumari , Abdul Rahaman , Ibrahim Khalifa , Muhammad Adil Farooq , Xin-An Zeng , Narpinder Singh , Shan He","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the functional properties of Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) is critical for its effective application in the food industry. The present study explored SPI modification through twomethods: (1) varying the rotational speed of a Vortex Fluidic Device (VFD) between 2000 and 8000 rpm, and (2) integrating Ultrasound (US) treatment (40 kHz, 220 V; 10–50 min) in combination with VFD operation at 8000 rpm. VFD treatment reduced substantial particle size (from 1732 nm to 591.6 nm) and increased the denaturation temperature (Tp) to 109.56 °C, indicating enhanced thermal stability. While the secondary structure was largely stable, a specific conformational shift occurred at VFD6000, marked by a ∼6.7 % decrease in β-turns and a ∼2.9 % increase in β-sheets. In contrast, the synergistic USVFD treatment induced more pronounced structural changes; the US30VFD8000 condition increased β-sheet content by ∼7.4 % and promoted re-aggregation (particle size ∼761.5 nm vs. 623.1 nm for VFD8000), albeit with a slight reduction in Tp to 107.79 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that USVFD accelerated degradation, increasing mass loss to ∼36.7 % (vs. ∼29.4 % for native SPI) and reducing final residue to ∼21.2 % (vs. ∼25.3 % for VFD8000). SEM imaging clearly illustrated these trends, revealing fragmented structures after VFD and uniform aggregates with clusters following USVFD treatment. These findings demonstrate that VFD treatment primarily unfolds and fragments SPI, while USVFD promotes re-aggregation into a modified structure. This provides a strategic basis for tailoring SPI functionality, VFD for thermal stability and USVFD for improved hydration, enabling targeted applications in food design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 107647"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107638
Iqra Nasim , Nauman Khalid
This study aims to investigate the bioactive compounds in beetroot peel and their stabilization in W/O/W emulsions for potential use in future food industrial applications. The extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants from beetroot peels was performed with the green extraction method, and their effects were determined through spectrophotometric methods. Box-Behnken Design was used for optimizing extraction parameters and model validation. The design suggested a quadratic model for all the responses. The minimum and maximum coded values examined for the experimental design included extraction time (10–30 min), sample concentration (1–5 %), and operating power (10–50 W). The W/O/W emulsions were prepared with varying concentrations of whey protein isolates (WPI) (1 % (E1), 2 % (E2), and 3 % (E3) (w/w)). The emulsions were studied in terms of creaming index, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant determination, color analysis, droplet size distribution, and optical microscopy on samples stored for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days at 4 °C. The optimized conditions for maximum extraction of polyphenols were 21.72 min, 4.99 % sample concentration, and 49.76 W power. The yield of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH, and ABTS activity was 46.5 mg GAE/g DW, 10.9 mg QE/g, 66.3 %, and 89.6 % respectively. 3 % (w/w) WPI provided the highest color retention, oxidative and physical stability, and encapsulation efficiency. Overall, it was observed that all the independent factors played a significant role in the extraction of phytochemicals from beetroot peel extract and could be improved to maximize model responses. The formulated emulsion has potential for utilization in future food applications.
{"title":"Enhanced extraction of beetroot peel polyphenols using response surface methodology and their stabilization in W/O/W emulsions using whey protein isolates","authors":"Iqra Nasim , Nauman Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the bioactive compounds in beetroot peel and their stabilization in W/O/W emulsions for potential use in future food industrial applications. The extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants from beetroot peels was performed with the green extraction method, and their effects were determined through spectrophotometric methods. Box-Behnken Design was used for optimizing extraction parameters and model validation. The design suggested a quadratic model for all the responses. The minimum and maximum coded values examined for the experimental design included extraction time (10–30 min), sample concentration (1–5 %), and operating power (10–50 W). The W/O/W emulsions were prepared with varying concentrations of whey protein isolates (WPI) (1 % (E<sub>1</sub>), 2 % (E<sub>2</sub>), and 3 % (E<sub>3</sub>) (w/w)). The emulsions were studied in terms of creaming index, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant determination, color analysis, droplet size distribution, and optical microscopy on samples stored for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days at 4 °C. The optimized conditions for maximum extraction of polyphenols were 21.72 min, 4.99 % sample concentration, and 49.76 W power. The yield of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH, and ABTS activity was 46.5 mg GAE/g DW, 10.9 mg QE/g, 66.3 %, and 89.6 % respectively. 3 % (w/w) WPI provided the highest color retention, oxidative and physical stability, and encapsulation efficiency. Overall, it was observed that all the independent factors played a significant role in the extraction of phytochemicals from beetroot peel extract and could be improved to maximize model responses. The formulated emulsion has potential for utilization in future food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107638"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107644
Wei Dai , Yiqin Zheng , Nanchen Lai , Jing Yang , Ruifeng Ji , Sina Wang , Gantao Cheng , Xin He
Hypaphorine (HYP), a tryptophan-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities, was efficiently extracted from Nanhaia speciosa using a green and sustainable approach integrating ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and macroporous resin (MAR) purification. The ultrasound-assisted DES extraction process was systematically optimized, with the best conditions identified as a lactic acid-fructose (1:1, mol/mol) DES containing 40 % water, an extraction temperature of 80 °C, a duration of 40 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL. Under these conditions, the HYP yield reached 3.15 mg/g, representing improvements of 105.19 % and 70.62 % compared with conventional water and ethanol extraction, respectively, and 52.17 % higher than microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). To enhance purity, the crude extract was further purified using DM132 macroporous resin under optimized conditions (50 % ethanol eluent, 2.5 BV/h flow rate, column height-to-diameter ratio of 21:1, and elution volume of 4 BV), achieving a recovery rate of 89.53 % and a final purity of 79.57 %. DES recycling retained 94.21 % of the extraction efficiency after one reuse cycle. SEM analysis revealed significant disruption of the plant cell structure post-ultrasound-DES treatment. FTIR and DFT studies demonstrated strong hydrogen bonding and favorable binding energies between DES components and HYP, elucidating the extraction mechanism. This UAE–DES–MAR system not only enhanced the extraction and purification efficiency of HYP but also presented a green, recyclable, and scalable approach, offering promising applications for the sustainable industrial production of high-value alkaloids.
{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted green extraction and resin purification of Hypaphorine from Nanhaia speciosa using deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Wei Dai , Yiqin Zheng , Nanchen Lai , Jing Yang , Ruifeng Ji , Sina Wang , Gantao Cheng , Xin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypaphorine (HYP), a tryptophan-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities, was efficiently extracted from <em>Nanhaia speciosa</em> using a green and sustainable approach integrating ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and macroporous resin (MAR) purification. The ultrasound-assisted DES extraction process was systematically optimized, with the best conditions identified as a lactic acid-fructose (1:1, mol/mol) DES containing 40 % water, an extraction temperature of 80 °C, a duration of 40 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL. Under these conditions, the HYP yield reached 3.15 mg/g, representing improvements of 105.19 % and 70.62 % compared with conventional water and ethanol extraction, respectively, and 52.17 % higher than microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). To enhance purity, the crude extract was further purified using DM132 macroporous resin under optimized conditions (50 % ethanol eluent, 2.5 BV/h flow rate, column height-to-diameter ratio of 21:1, and elution volume of 4 BV), achieving a recovery rate of 89.53 % and a final purity of 79.57 %. DES recycling retained 94.21 % of the extraction efficiency after one reuse cycle. SEM analysis revealed significant disruption of the plant cell structure post-ultrasound-DES treatment. FTIR and DFT studies demonstrated strong hydrogen bonding and favorable binding energies between DES components and HYP, elucidating the extraction mechanism. This UAE–DES–MAR system not only enhanced the extraction and purification efficiency of HYP but also presented a green, recyclable, and scalable approach, offering promising applications for the sustainable industrial production of high-value alkaloids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 107644"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107637
Lingyu Yang , Lili Yang , Xi Feng , Yang Xiao , Xiaoju Tian , Wen Huang , Ying Liu
Protein from edible mushrooms can serve as a new alternative protein to replace meat in various food formulations. However, the processing characteristics of mushroom protein were poor. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and transglutaminase (TGase) were used for the modification of protein from Stropharia rugosoannulata (SRP) to improve its utilization. The optimal parameters of UAE were 480 W for 20 min. The process of TGase modification was optimized by a single-factor experiment and response surface test to obtain the TGase dosage of 0.36 % (w/w), cross-linking at 40℃ for 1.5 h, and reaction pH of 5.4. The effects of UAE and TGase treatment on the structure and functional properties of SRP were further investigated. UAE could improve the protein yield, the water and oil-holding capacity of SRP. The SRP was cleaved into small molecular fragments, and the protein particle size was decreased. The levels of β-sheet decreased, and the random coil increased by the UAE treatment. The water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and emulsifying properties of SRP increased after the modification of TGase due to the cross-linking action. The results indicated that UAE and TGase treatment could alter the structure of SRP and improve its functional properties. Our results suggested that the UAE and TGase modification technology would be applied to the utilization of SRP as alternative protein for plant-based meat analogs in the future.
{"title":"Effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction and transglutaminase treatment on the physicochemical properties of protein from Stropharia rugosoannulata","authors":"Lingyu Yang , Lili Yang , Xi Feng , Yang Xiao , Xiaoju Tian , Wen Huang , Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein from edible mushrooms can serve as a new alternative protein to replace meat in various food formulations. However, the processing characteristics of mushroom protein were poor. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and transglutaminase (TGase) were used for the modification of protein from <em>Stropharia rugosoannulata</em> (SRP) to improve its utilization. The optimal parameters of UAE were 480 W for 20 min. The process of TGase modification was optimized by a single-factor experiment and response surface test to obtain the TGase dosage of 0.36 % (w/w), cross-linking at 40℃ for 1.5 h, and reaction pH of 5.4. The effects of UAE and TGase treatment on the structure and functional properties of SRP were further investigated. UAE could improve the protein yield, the water and oil-holding capacity of SRP. The SRP was cleaved into small molecular fragments, and the protein particle size was decreased. The levels of β-sheet decreased, and the random coil increased by the UAE treatment. The water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and emulsifying properties of SRP increased after the modification of TGase due to the cross-linking action. The results indicated that UAE and TGase treatment could alter the structure of SRP and improve its functional properties. Our results suggested that the UAE and TGase modification technology would be applied to the utilization of SRP as alternative protein for plant-based meat analogs in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 107637"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号