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BRIDGING CONCEPTS: MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE AND PARADIPLOMACY EXPLAINING TERRITORIAL CHANGES IN EUROPE 桥接概念:多层次治理与准外交解释欧洲领土变迁
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.3.766-783
Martin Christie
There are two distant conceptual cousins that analyse the external mobilisation of subnational entities, one being European Studies – Multi-Level Governance and the other International Relations – Paradiplomacy. The article first aims to analyse each concept against the dimensions of the politik to determine the conceptual focus and find more pronounced differences in the policy and politics dimensions. The second aim is to identify the theoretical bedrock underpinning both concepts. This article proposes the analogous theory of Neo-Medievalism, establishing that it has some application here; in this sense, the two concepts may be better at explaining wider territorial reconfiguration underway in Europe. Keywords: Paradiplomacy, Multi-Level Governance, Neo-Medievalism, European Union
分析国家以下实体的外部动员有两个概念上的远亲,一个是欧洲研究——多级治理,另一个是国际关系——范式。本文首先旨在对照政治的维度分析每个概念,以确定概念的重点,并发现政策和政治维度上更明显的差异。第二个目的是确定支撑这两个概念的理论基础。本文提出了新中世纪主义的类比理论,认为它在这里有一定的应用;从这个意义上讲,这两个概念可能更能解释欧洲正在进行的更广泛的领土重组。关键词:范式、多层次治理、新中世纪主义、欧盟
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引用次数: 0
HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ACCELERATED THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN INDONESIA? 新冠肺炎疫情是否加速了印尼中小微企业的数字化转型?
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.3.729-744
V. Gaffar, T. Koeswandi, U. Suhud
This article examines the condition of Indonesia’s Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with respect to carrying out a digital transformation, and whether the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to accelerate this transformation. This study found that Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises – MSMEs during COVID-19 have been in an unstable state due to the impact of the restrictions imposed by COVID-19related policies. Nevertheless, MSMEs have been supported by the government, academics, and digital media in efforts to revive and accelerate the digital transformation with a view to surviving. The use of social media has helped MSMEs’ programmes and services optimise their business performance. Job simplification was introduced to more efficiently create and reach a broader range of consumers by doing promotion, service delivery, accessing media and cooperating with third parties. The speed at which the digital transformation has occurred is reflected in an improvement in MSMEs’ entrepreneurial skills and competencies. Keywords: Digital transformation; MSME; Social Media; COVID-19 pandemic
本文考察了2019冠状病毒病大流行期间印度尼西亚中小微企业(MSMEs)的状况,特别是在进行数字化转型方面,以及2019冠状病毒病大流行是否迫使它们加速这一转型。本研究发现,受新冠疫情相关政策限制的影响,中小微企业(MSMEs)在新冠疫情期间处于不稳定状态。然而,中小微企业得到了政府、学术界和数字媒体的支持,努力恢复和加速数字化转型,以期生存。社交媒体的使用帮助中小微企业的项目和服务优化了他们的业务绩效。简化工作,通过推广、服务、媒体接入、第三方合作等方式,更高效地创造和触及更广泛的消费者群体。数字化转型的速度反映在中小微企业创业技能和能力的提高上。关键词:数字化转型;MSME;社交媒体;COVID-19大流行
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引用次数: 2
LEGAL ASPECTS OF DIGITALISATION IN EU COMPANY LAW 欧盟公司法中数字化的法律问题
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.3.707-728
R. Bohinc
The article presents legal solutions of the European Union (EU) and Member States (MS) with respect to the digitalisation of company law. We analyse and evaluate the EU’s efforts to overcome the backlog of legislation concerning technological development, with legal solutions in the field of the electronic formation and registration of companies and in shareholders’ communication with company board members. The analysis shows that company law in the EU is lagging behind technological development. Despite ongoing dynamic efforts to modernise it on the EU level, the MS reveal differences in their speed of implementing the EU’s directives. The case of Slovenia shows that while digital tools are in wide use for ensuring transparent data disclosure and publication, along with the realisation of basic corporate governance functions, big differences remain between the minority of companies traded on the regulated market and the majority of companies for which such regulation is deficient. Keywords: digitalisation, electronic means, block chain technology, company registration, shareholders’ general meeting (SGM), COVID-19 pandemic
本文介绍了欧盟(EU)和成员国(MS)在公司法数字化方面的法律解决方案。我们分析和评估了欧盟为克服技术发展方面积压的立法、公司电子组建和注册领域的法律解决方案以及股东与公司董事会成员的沟通所做的努力。分析表明,欧盟的公司法落后于技术发展。尽管在欧盟层面上不断努力实现现代化,但MS在执行欧盟指令的速度上存在差异。斯洛文尼亚的案例表明,尽管数字工具被广泛用于确保透明的数据披露和发布,以及实现基本的公司治理功能,但在受监管市场上交易的少数公司和缺乏此类监管的大多数公司之间仍存在巨大差异。关键词:数字化、电子手段、区块链技术、公司注册、股东大会(SGM)、新冠肺炎大流行
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引用次数: 0
NEW TECHNOLOGY OR NEW MONOPOLIES? AMAZON’S ELUSIVE RETAIL REVOLUTION 新技术还是新垄断?亚马逊难以捉摸的零售革命
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.3.682-706
A. Rus
Technology companies are often described by their founders and analysts as holding the potential to disrupt the industry and revolutionise the world. In this article, we focus on Amazon Inc. as one of the trillion-dollar technology companies that are credited with having disrupted its industry. The article provides an evaluation framework built around disruptive innovation and radical innovation theories. This framework is used to assess the extent to which Amazon Inc. has revolutionised retail industry. Based on this framework, it is argued that Amazon is not a disruptor because it has not created new markets but entered existing ones. We use this framework to analyse the retail sales process and its components and show that Amazon’s technology has not brought architectural changes to the retail sales process or radically change its component parts. It is concluded that Amazon’s success is not the result of technology and innovation but arises from its monopoly that has been built on the traditional retail model. Keywords: new tech, retail, disruptive innovation, radical innovation, Amazon
科技公司的创始人和分析师经常将其描述为具有颠覆行业和彻底改变世界的潜力。在这篇文章中,我们将重点关注亚马逊股份有限公司,它是被认为扰乱了其行业的数万亿科技公司之一。本文提供了一个围绕颠覆性创新和激进创新理论构建的评估框架。该框架用于评估亚马逊股份有限公司在多大程度上彻底改变了零售业。基于这一框架,有人认为亚马逊不是颠覆者,因为它没有创造新市场,而是进入了现有市场。我们使用这个框架来分析零售销售流程及其组成部分,并表明亚马逊的技术没有给零售销售流程带来架构上的改变,也没有从根本上改变其组成部分。结论是,亚马逊的成功不是技术和创新的结果,而是建立在传统零售模式基础上的垄断。关键词:新技术、零售、颠覆性创新、激进创新、亚马逊
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引用次数: 0
RESEARCH ISSUES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION FIELDIN TIMES OF CHALLENGED GLOBALISATION 全球化挑战时期高等教育领域的研究问题
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.443-463
Danica Fink-Hafner, Mitja Hafner-Fink, T. Dagen
The article examines the deliberation ofhigher education (HE) scholars and practitioners onresearch issues in the HE field, which has taken intoaccount the complexity of current trends of deglobalisation and changing characteristics of globalisation.More precisely, the article offers a systematic review ofthe ideas developed by focus group participants (FGPs)from different parts of the world while debating internationalisation, globalisation and Europeanisationwith respect to the field of HE. These FGPs agreed that:1) theoretical definitions used by academics and practitioners are currently socially constructed in a biasedway (in favour of the Anglo-North American point ofview); 2) academic research (notably conceptual definitions) must better take into account the issues contextually and dynamically across time and space; and3) that HE research is in the stage when a more theoretically refined and a methodologically stronger newglobal wave of empirical research is required for furtheradvancement of theorising and practitioners’ work.Keywords: higher education, methods, theory, definitions, globalisation, internationalisation, Europeanisation
本文考察了高等教育学者和从业者对高等教育领域研究问题的思考,考虑到当前去全球化趋势的复杂性和全球化特征的变化。更准确地说,这篇文章系统地回顾了来自世界不同地区的焦点小组参与者在讨论高等教育领域的国际化、全球化和欧洲化时提出的想法。这些FGP一致认为:1)学术界和从业者使用的理论定义目前是以一种偏向社会的方式构建的(有利于盎格鲁-北美的观点);2) 学术研究(尤其是概念定义)必须更好地考虑到跨时间和空间的背景和动态问题;3)高等教育研究正处于一个理论上更精细、方法上更强的新的全球实证研究浪潮的阶段,需要进一步推进理论和从业者的工作。关键词:高等教育、方法、理论、定义、全球化、国际化、欧洲化
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引用次数: 0
INDICATORS OF HUMAN SOCIALITY IN SLOVENIAAND THE NETHERLANDS: EVIDENCE FROMEXPERIMENTS WITH STUDENTS 斯洛文尼亚和荷兰的人类社会性指标:来自学生实验的证据
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.487-508
Žiga Velkavrh, A. Ule
In the article we report a series of experimentswith volunteers designed to detect differences in behavioural characteristics among Slovenian, Dutch andinternational students. Using eight standard tasks fromexperimental economics, we investigate the differencesusing experimental measures of solidarity, trust, cooperation, positive and negative reciprocity, competition,honesty, and risk attitudes. No significant cohort effectsin any of the eight decisions are found when we compare the Slovenian and international cohorts. Still, whencomparing the Dutch and Slovenian cohorts, Dutchstudents are found to exhibit lower levels of solidarity,generosity and honesty. This points to differences in sociality between institutionally similar yet ideologically distant countries like Slovenia and the Netherlands.Keywords: cross-national study, experimental economics, game theory, sociality
在这篇文章中,我们报道了一系列志愿者的实验,旨在检测斯洛文尼亚、荷兰和国际学生行为特征的差异。使用实验经济学的八项标准任务,我们调查了团结、信任、合作、积极和消极互惠、竞争、诚实和风险态度等实验指标的差异。当我们比较斯洛文尼亚和国际队列时,在八个决定中的任何一个都没有发现显著的队列效应。尽管如此,在比较荷兰和斯洛文尼亚的学生时,发现荷兰学生表现出的团结、慷慨和诚实程度较低。这表明斯洛文尼亚和荷兰等制度相似但意识形态遥远的国家在社会性方面存在差异。关键词:跨国研究、实验经济学、博弈论、社会性
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引用次数: 0
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEENGOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORTAND EXPORT STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE 探索政府制度支持与出口战略绩效的关系
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.464-482
Lydia Nyankom Taky, V. Naidoo, Courage Simon Kofi Dogbe
The study presented in the article examinedthe mediating role played by internationalisation inboth government financial support–export strategicperformance and government non-financial support–export strategic performance relationships. The moderating role of a strategic alliance in the relationshipsbetween government financial support and degree ofinternationalisation, and between government nonfinancial support and degree of internationalisation,was also considered. The study entailed a cross-sectional survey and included 301 indigenous export firms inGhana. The reliability and validity of the data was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with structuralequation modelling as the primary means of analysis,run using Amos (v.23). It was concluded that both government financial support and non-financial supporthad a direct positive influence on export strategic performance. These relationships were partially mediatedby the degree of internationalisation. Strategic alliancepositively moderated the relationships between government financial support and degree of internationalisation, and also between government non-financial support and degree of internationalisation.Keywords: government financial support; governmentnon-financial support; strategic alliance; internationalisation; export strategic performance
本文的研究考察了国际化在政府金融支持-出口战略绩效关系和政府非金融支持-出口战略绩效关系中的中介作用。分析了战略联盟在政府财政支持与国际化程度、政府非财政支持与国际化程度之间的调节作用。这项研究包括一项横断面调查,包括301家加纳本土出口公司。使用验证性因子分析测试数据的可靠性和有效性,结构方程建模作为主要分析手段,使用Amos (v.23)运行。结果表明,政府金融支持和非金融支持对出口战略绩效均有直接的正向影响。这些关系在一定程度上受到国际化程度的影响。战略联盟正向调节政府财政支持与国际化程度、政府非财政支持与国际化程度的关系。关键词:政府财政支持;governmentnon-financial支持;战略联盟;国际化;出口战略业绩
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引用次数: 0
Lessons of the New International Economic Order for the Contemporary World Economy 国际经济新秩序对当代世界经济的启示
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.411-442
M. Svetličič
Although the new international economicorder (NIEO) has mostly been assessed as a failure, itsideas still seem relevant in today’s crisis environment.The new context clearly shows that the existing liberalinternational order is ineffective and calls for deepchanges like in the times of the developing countries’fight for the NIEO. The article considers whether itsprinciples remain of relevance today, which ones havebeen amended and which should be newly introduced,all based on NIEO-related lessons. Dilemmas betweeninternational law or a rules-based order as a framework for global governance and whether the proposednew inclusive global economic order is to be based onvalues (and if so, which) are evaluated.Keywords: new international economic order, newinclusive global economic order, rules-based order, values, principles, international law, global governance,lessons
尽管新的国际经济秩序(NIEO)大多被认为是失败的,但在当今的危机环境中,它的理念似乎仍然很重要。新的背景清楚地表明,现有的自由国际秩序是无效的,需要像发展中国家争取NIEO那样进行深刻的变革。这篇文章考虑了其原则在今天是否仍然具有相关性,哪些原则已经修改,哪些应该新引入,所有这些都是基于NIEO相关的经验教训。作为全球治理框架的国际法或基于规则的秩序,以及拟议的包容性新全球经济秩序是否基于价值观(如果是,则评估哪些价值观)之间的困境。关键词:新的国际经济秩序、新的包容性全球经济秩序、基于规则的秩序、价值观、原则、国际法、全球治理、经验教训
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引用次数: 0
THE ‘BRUSSELS BUBBLE’: POPULISM IN SLOVENIAIN THE EU CRISES CONTEXT 布鲁塞尔泡沫:欧盟危机背景下斯洛文尼亚的民粹主义
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.509-528
Marko Lovec, Faris Kočan, Melika Mahmutović
The focus of this article is on the rise of populism and Euroscepticism in the context of the crisis ofliberal internationalism and of the EU in particular.The article considers the view that the weak integrationof Slovenian–EU politics makes the country vulnerableto this trend. Modern-nationalist, postmodern-cosmopolitan and faux-modern-partially modernised variations of populism are explored. The research draws onpublic opinion surveys, party manifestos, focus groupswith party supporters, and interviews with mediatorsin elite and popular debates. The dominant moderneconomist/functionalist view of the EU is shown to havefed into different framings in line with the underlyingthick ideologies. On the right, this has been a retro-modern nationalist reaction to the EU’s overly progressivepolicy and polity, with certain illiberal faux-modern elements like authoritarianism and ethno cultural exclusivism. On the left, it has reinforced the already existing contradictions with (neo)liberalism on the level ofpolitics, leaving the post-modern post-nationalist framing detached from the EU’s polity and policy. The articleoffers some proposals for better integrating the EU politics in Slovenia.Keywords: EU, Euroscepticism, populism, illiberalism,Slovenia, public opinion, political parties
本文的重点是在自由国际主义危机,特别是欧盟危机的背景下民粹主义和欧洲怀疑主义的兴起。文章认为,斯洛文尼亚与欧盟政治的弱融合使该国容易受到这种趋势的影响。探讨了民粹主义的现代民族主义、后现代世界主义和伪现代部分现代化的变体。这项研究利用了民意调查、政党宣言、与政党支持者的焦点小组,以及对精英和民众辩论中调解人的采访。现代经济学家/功能主义者对欧盟的主流观点被证明已经融入了与底层意识形态一致的不同框架中。在右翼,这是对欧盟过于进步的政策和政治的复古现代民族主义反应,带有某些不自由的伪现代元素,如威权主义和种族文化排外主义。在左翼,它在政治层面上强化了与(新)自由主义已经存在的矛盾,使后现代的后民族主义框架脱离了欧盟的政治和政策。文章提出了在斯洛文尼亚更好地整合欧盟政治的建议。关键词:欧盟、欧洲怀疑主义、民粹主义、非自由主义、斯洛文尼亚、舆论、政党
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引用次数: 0
SOCIALNA DIVERZITETA V LUČI INKLUZIVNOSTIISTOSPOLNO USMERJENIH PRIPADNIC INPRIPADNIKOV V SLOVENSKI VOJSKI 考虑到斯洛文尼亚军队的包容性和针对性
IF 0.4 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.51936/tip.59.2.568-588
Pavel Vuk, Saša Galičič
Članek prinaša v Slovenijo prvo vojaško sociološko raziskavo o inkluzivnosti istospolno usmerjenihpripadnic in pripadnikov v Slovensko vojsko. Na podlagi fokusiranih strukturiranih intervjujev smo problematiko proučili z obeh zornih kotov; s socialnega(percepcije lezbijk in gejev) in institucionalnega vidika(percepcije Slovenske vojske). Raziskava je pokazala,da so v pretežno heteronormativnem okolju istospolnousmerjene pripadnice in pripadniki Slovenske vojske –kljub varstvu dostojanstva in integritete – izpostavljenirazličnim oblikam verbalne diskriminacije, nezaupanje v disciplinske organe institucije pa jim vzbuja strahpred razkritjem istospolne usmerjenosti. Potreba porazpravljanju o tej dokaj tabuizirani problematiki jeočitna, kot je nujno prepoznavanje prednosti socialnediverzitete v sodobnih vojaških organizacijah.Ključni pojmi: istospolno usmerjene osebe, lezbijke,geji, diskriminacija, Slovenska vojska
这篇文章为斯洛文尼亚带来了第一篇关于同性成员和斯洛文尼亚武装部队成员包容性的军事社会学研究。基于有针对性的结构化访谈,我们从两个角度研究了这一问题;社会(女同性恋和男同性恋观念)和体制(斯洛文尼亚军队观念)。研究表明,在一个以非规范为主的环境中,同性成员和斯洛文尼亚武装部队成员——尽管受到尊严和完整性的保护——仍面临各种形式的言语歧视,对该机构纪律机构的不信任使他们害怕暴露自己的同性取向。讨论这个相当禁忌的问题的必要性是显而易见的,社会大学在现代军事组织中的优势也得到了迫切的认可。关键概念:同性、女同性恋、男同性恋、歧视、斯洛文尼亚军队
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引用次数: 0
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