Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Dissolved organic carbon estimation in lakes: Improving machine learning with data augmentation on fusion of multi-sensor remote sensing observations","authors":"Seyed Babak Haji Seyed Asadollah ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Safaeinia ,&nbsp;Sina Jarahizadeh ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alcalá ,&nbsp;Ahmad Sharafati ,&nbsp;Antonio Jodar-Abellan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel approach for estimating Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes considering both carbon sources and sink operators. Despite the critical role of DOC, the combined application of machine learning, as a robust predictor, and remote sensing technology, which reduces costly and time-intensive in-situ sampling, has been underexplored in DOC research. Focusing on lakes over the states of New York, Vermont and Maine (United States, U.S.), this study integrates in-situ DOC measurements with surface reflectance bands obtained from Landsat satellites between 2000 and 2020. Using these bands as inputs of the Random Forest (RF) predictive model, the introduced methodology aims to explore the ability of remote sensing data for large-scale DOC simulation. Initial results indicate low accuracy metrics and significant under-estimation due to the imbalance distribution of DOC samples. Statistical analysis showed that the mean DOC concentration was 5.37±3.37 mg/L (mean±one standard deviation), with peak up to 25 mg/L. A highly skewed distribution of chemical components towards the lower ranges can lead to model misrepresentation of extreme and hazardous events, as they are clouded by unimportant events due to significantly lower occurrence rates. To address this issue, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied as a key innovation, generating synthetic samples that enhance RF accuracy and reduce the associated errors. Fusion of in-situ and remote sensing data, combined with machine learning and data augmentation, significantly enhances DOC estimation accuracy, especially in high concentration ranges which are critical for environmental health. With prediction metrics of RMSE = 1.75, MAE = 1.09, and R² = 0.74, RF-SMOTE significantly improve the metrics obtained from stand-alone RF, particularly in estimating high DOC concentrations. Considering the product spatial resolution of 30 m, the model's output provides potential revenue for global application in lake monitoring, even in remote regions where direct sampling is limited. This novel fusion of remote sensing, machine learning and data augmentation offers valuable insights for water quality management and understanding carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 123350"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying surface formation and adhesion mechanisms of FOG deposits on sewer lines","authors":"Samrin A. Kusum,&nbsp;Moe Pourghaz,&nbsp;Joel J. Ducoste","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits contribute to 25 % of Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) in the U.S. and is exacerbated by the aging sewer infrastructure. As the U.S. contemplates renovating its sewer systems, employing sustainable materials that inhibit FOG deposit adhesion could be crucial. This study delves into the saponified FOG deposit formation and adhesion mechanisms on various materials—concrete, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), granite, limestone, and porous ceramic. Through extensive testing, these materials were evaluated for chemical composition, surface roughness, porosity, zeta potential, and calcium leaching potential. The findings indicate that materials with high calcium hydroxide leaching potential, high pore pH, and low zeta potential tend to adhere significant saponified FOG deposits. Conversely, reducing surface FOG deposit formation and adhesion on sewer lines requires materials to be engineered with low calcium hydroxide leaching and high zeta potential. Considering these factors, granite followed by PVC exhibited the best properties that demonstrated no FOG deposit adhesion. The outcomes of this study not only provide insight into the physical interactions governing FOG deposit adhesion but also suggest a targeted strategy for material selection and modification in sewer system renovations to mitigate Sanitary Sewer Overflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123340"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light photosensitised cross-flow microfiltration membrane reactors for managing microplastic-contaminated bio-effluents","authors":"Hooralain Bushnaq ,&nbsp;Sisi Pu ,&nbsp;Tom Burton ,&nbsp;Julio Rodriguez-Andres ,&nbsp;Julio Carrera Montoya ,&nbsp;Jason Mackenzie ,&nbsp;Catherine Munro ,&nbsp;Giovanni Palmisano ,&nbsp;Srinivas Mettu ,&nbsp;James Mcelhinney ,&nbsp;Ludovic F. Dumée","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for advanced water treatment solutions necessitates the development of multifunctional, photodynamically active membranes. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), a class of organic photosensitizers, offer significant potential for enhancing treatment efficacy through photodynamic activity. This study reports the development of Pc-modified polymeric microfiltration membranes as visible-light-responsive, multifunctional membrane reactors with enhanced photodynamic and filtration properties. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), tetra-amino zinc phthalocyanine (TAZnPc), and tetra-sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (TSAlPc) were integrated into the membranes, imparting notable changes in morphology, surface wettability, and chemical functionality. Characterization revealed improvements in optical responsiveness and surface properties that contributed to robust photodynamic and filtration performance. Static photodynamic evaluations demonstrated high efficacy, with ZnPc mixed matrix membrane (MMM) achieving superior dye degradation and TSAlPc grafted membrane (GM) yielding significant bacterial inactivation. Filtration trials confirmed ZnPc MMM's biofouling resistance and permeance stability, reaching 99.97 % rejection of bio-fouled microplastics (MPs) and a 45 % permeance enhancement under irradiation. Virus filtration results demonstrated TSAlPc MMM's viral retention efficacy, achieving a 2.05-log reduction against Influenza A virus. These findings underscore the potential of Pc-functionalized membranes as promising candidates for advanced water treatment applications, offering robust contaminant rejection, biofouling control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy in a single, multifunctional platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 123317"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into chloroethene dechlorination by Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CWV2: A multi-omics perspective","authors":"Chih-Ming Kao ,&nbsp;Ku-Fan Chen ,&nbsp;Po-Sheng Kuo ,&nbsp;Chih-Ching Chien ,&nbsp;Che-Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Ssu-Ching Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides an in-depth investigation of the novel <em>Dehalococcoides mccartyi</em> (<em>Dhc</em>) strain CWV2, isolated from Taiwan, for its effectiveness in dechlorinating various chloroethenes, including PCE, TCE, DCEs, and VC, to ethene. Through multi-omics analyses, including genomic, transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic profiling, we uncovered the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination by strain CWV2. The genomic analysis identified key reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes, <em>pceA</em> and <em>vcrA</em>, which enhance our understanding of the versatile dechlorination pathways in <em>Dhc</em>. Ribosome profiling provided detailed insights into the translational regulation of <em>vcrA</em>, revealing sophisticated genetic control over protein synthesis. Complementary BN-PAGE and proteomic analyses identified key RDase VcrA, offering further insights into the activity of the organohalide respiration (OHR) complex within CWV2 and its metabolic pathways. Multi-omics analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination and organohalide respiration, offering valuable insights to advance bioremediation strategies for chloroethene-contaminated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 123347"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium phytate cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogels for selective removal of U(VI) from tailings wastewater","authors":"Lan Lei ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui-Xiang Bi ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hai Peng ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Tie-Ying Shi ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Ru-Ping Liang ,&nbsp;Jian-Ding Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient uranium capture from rare earth tailings wastewater holds great importance for human health and sustainable development. Herein, we present a simple and eco-friendly approach to form a single network hydrogel through electrostatic interaction between chitosan and sodium alginate. Subsequently, calcium phytate is introduced as a natural crosslinking agent to generate a secondary cross-linked network, leading to a composite hydrogel (CS-SA/PCa) with a doubly enhanced network structure for efficient adsorption of uranium from wastewater. The established multistage porous structure enables the rapid diffusion of uranyl ions, and the abundant phosphate groups serving as adsorption sites can offer high affinity for U(VI). Most importantly, CS-SA/PCa is formed through physical cross-linking of sustainable biopolymers, avoiding the use of toxic chemical agents. In addition, CS-SA/PCa exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those of single-network physical hydrogels crosslinked by electrostatic interactions, which overcame the weak mechanical properties of physical hydrogels. It provides a new method for the manufacture of environmentally friendly, low-cost and robust physical hydrogels based on natural polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123343"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A photocatalyst combined of copper doped ZnO and graphdiyne (Cu/ZnO@GDY) for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: Mechanism and application","authors":"Xinni Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Junbin Xie ,&nbsp;Guixiang Teng ,&nbsp;Jie He ,&nbsp;Zhongli Zhao ,&nbsp;Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) is receiving increasing attention in purification of antibiotic contaminated water bodies, but its development is limited by the lack of efficient photocatalyst that can be well integrated with the membrane. In this study, a photocatalyst combined of copper doped ZnO and graphdiyne (Cu/ZnO@GDY) was synthesized to address this challenge. Cu/ZnO@GDY exhibited excellent degradation ability towards tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), owing to the synergistic effect of •O₂^- and <em>h</em>⁺. The DFT calculation results indicated that copper doping effectively optimized the band structure of ZnO, and the combining of graphdiyne further enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers which was attributed to the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction. Furthermore, we explored the integration of Cu/ZnO@GDY with the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in PMR. Notably, in a 10 mg/L TC solution, the removal efficiency remained stable at around 80% at 25 °C, 250 mW·cm^-2, and 15 L·m^-2·h^-1. This work provides a reference for the practical application of the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123345"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High carbon fixation during thermal stratification period in a subtropical periodic stratified reservoir: Evidences from RDOC conversion efficiency driven by MCP","authors":"Yikun Jia ,&nbsp;Xinlu Su ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiufang He ,&nbsp;Jianhong Li ,&nbsp;Junbing Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) generated by microbial carbon pumps (MCP) significantly influences terrestrial waters and may contribute to the formation of a long-lasting carbon sink. However, there remains a notable lack of research on the carbon fixation processes and efficiencies of MCP in response to changes in thermal structure within subtropical reservoirs. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of transforming dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and subsequently into RDOC through the influence of MCP at various water depths during both Thermal stratification (TS) periods and Mixing (MX) period in the Dalongdong (DLD) Reservoir, a representative subtropical reservoir. The findings indicate that the conversion efficiency of microbiologically recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (MRDOC) was typically four times greater during the TS periods compared to the MX period. This increase can be attributed to a higher abundance of bacteria involved in carbon fixation, as well as elevated levels of external semi-labile dissolved organic carbon (SLDOC) and labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC), along with the accumulation of organic matter. Notably, the conversion efficiency peaked in the thermocline during the Obvious thermal stratification (OTS) period. During the TS periods, heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria played a significant role in carbon fixation in the epilimnion and thermocline, while fewer bacteria were engaged in carbon fixation in the hypolimnion. Conversely, throughout the MX period, the effects of water temperature and pH result in a diminished role of autotrophic bacteria in carbon fixation, leading to a decline in MRDOC conversion efficiency at all water layers. These results enhance our understanding of the carbon cycling processes influenced by the MCP effect in terrestrial waters experiencing changes in thermal stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123316"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering up protein: How hydrogel-coated electrodes enhance biohybrid production","authors":"Biao Li ,&nbsp;Peng Jin ,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating water splitting with gas-fixing microorganisms offers a promising route for the sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and food using renewable electricity. However, challenges such as insufficient gas utilization and undesirable side reactions hinder the scalability of these systems. To overcome these limitations, we proposed and investigated a universal hydrogel-coated electrode strategy to significantly enhance single-cell protein (SCP) production from CO₂ and electricity. The hydrogel coating facilitated the formation of hydrogel-sheared microbubbles of H₂ and O₂, alongside added CO₂, improving gas availability for <em>Cupriavidus necator</em> H16 growth. Additionally, this strategy significantly reduced metal ion release (33.73%-89.32%) and restricted the diffusion of reactive oxygen species (ROS, 87.94%-100%) from the electrodes, both of which previously inhibited bacterial growth and SCP yield. This dual-function coating enhanced both performance and protection across a wide voltage range, leading to a 20.56% increase in biomass production and a 55.96%-166.26% increase in essential amino acid content. With a biomass concentration of 0.96 g/L in a 500 mL bioreactor, this approach demonstrates high scalability and potential for application in various biohybrid electrochemical systems, enabling efficient production of value-added products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123341"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerant and highly-permeable membrane aerated biofilm reactor enabled by selective armored membrane","authors":"Jinxin Yao,&nbsp;Yuchen Li,&nbsp;Liuqian An,&nbsp;Peizhi Wang,&nbsp;Dongqing Liu,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Aijie Wang,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising technology for dramatically reducing aeration energy consumption in wastewater treatment. However, the crucial membranes, including microporous hydrophobic membranes and dense membranes, are intolerant to fouling and possess high oxygen transfer resistance respectively, hindering their application potential. Herein, we developed a tolerant and highly-permeable membrane aerated biofilm reactor (THMABR) with a selective armor layer on the membrane to support the biofilm. The selective permeability of the selective armor layer enabled oxygen transfer efficiently and prevented interference by water, surfactant and microbial extracellular polymers. Besides, the composite of the 5 μm selective armor layer and microporous support significantly shortened the distance for solution-diffusion, reducing the transmembrane energy barrier of oxygen molecules. The THMABR's excellent and stable oxygen permeability solved the oxygen substrate concentration's limitation on oxidation rate, enabling functional bacteria to possess a higher oxidation potential and more abundant ecological niche. Based on the novel design, oxygen selective armor membrane (OSAM) performed notably higher oxygen transfer rates (9.61 gO₂·m⁻²d⁻¹) compared to the fouled microporous hydrophobic membrane (3.31 gO₂·m⁻²d⁻¹) and the dense membrane (4.04 gO₂·m⁻²d⁻¹). Besides, the OSAM exhibited more stable fouling resistance to water infiltration and pollutant intrusion compared to the microporous hydrophobic membrane after surfactant pretreatment. Municipal wastewater treatment tests further confirmed that the novel membrane support-selective armored layer-biofilm structure of THMABR can high-efficiently remove nitrogen. The structural characteristics, mechanisms of fouling resistance and oxygen transfer, as well as wastewater treatment performance of the THMABR and OSAM are discussed in detail. This work introduces a new design concept to overcome the bottleneck of traditional MABRs involving the disunity of tolerance and permeability, being expected to support the low-carbon and stable operation of wastewater biological treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 123337"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends of 46 pesticides and 8 transformation products in surface and drinking water in Québec, Canada (2021–2023): Potential higher health risks of transformation products than parent pesticides","authors":"Xiameng Feng ,&nbsp;Zhen Liu ,&nbsp;Sung Vo Duy ,&nbsp;Lise Parent ,&nbsp;Benoit Barbeau ,&nbsp;Sébastien Sauvé","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present study was to investigate the temporal trends of 46 pesticides and 8 transformation products (TPs) in the surface water of Québec and assess their associated health risks posed through drinking water consumption. Surface and drinking water were sampled twice per week at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) from 2021 to 2023 (838 days). Pesticide and TPs concentrations were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The data were used to evaluate temporal variations of pesticides and TPs at the source, their removal in DWTPs, their human exposure via drinking water, and the associated health risks. The results showed that peak concentrations of most pesticides and their TPs in surface water occurred in June and July, and some TPs (such as metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, metolachlor oxanilic acid, and desethylatrazine) exhibited higher concentrations than their parent compounds in surface water. Post conventional treatment analysis revealed no significant decrease in the total concentrations of target pesticides and TPs in drinking water. Notably, 11 pesticides (such as atrazine, mecoprop) and 1 TP (desisopropylatrazine) showed higher concentration in drinking water than in surface water. The hazard index (HI) was up to 18 times higher in summer peak periods than the annual average. Finally, TPs exhibited HI 1.4 to 144 times higher than corresponding parent compounds. This study was the first to assess health risks of TPs versus parent pesticides in drinking water through long-term sampling, highlighting the urgent need for further TPs regulation in drinking water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 123339"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}