Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Electrocoagulation for the simultaneous removal of copper and arsenic from acid mine drainage: Performance and mechanisms","authors":"Madinai Abulimiti ,&nbsp;Jingxia Guo ,&nbsp;Cheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mining activities generate acid mine drainage (AMD), an extremely acidic effluent laden with multiple co-contaminants that pose formidable challenges to conventional remediation technologists. This study systematically investigated the performance and mechanisms of iron-electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) for the simultaneous removal of arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) from AMD. Results indicated that the optimized operational parameters for Fe-EC were a current density of 80 A m^-2, stirring speed at 150 rpm, and without aeration, resulting in removal efficiencies exceeding 98% for both As(III) and Cu(II). Exhibiting remarkable robustness against typical AMD matrix effects (initial pH ≥ 3, 800 mg L⁻¹ Fe(II), and 4000 mg L⁻¹ SO₄²⁻), the system sustained high removal rates of 94.6% for As(III) and 96.6% for Cu(II), demonstrating its potential for practical application. Notably, under Fe(II)–Cu(II)–As(III) coexistence, the optimized Fe-EC strategy leveraged the inherent synergistic interactions to maintain high-efficiency removal of both contaminants. Specifically, Fe(II) and Cu(II) synergistically catalyzed Fenton/Fenton-like reactions, accelerating As(III) oxidation and removal while facilitating the formation of stable Fe-Cu mineral phases such as CuFe₂O₄. Simultaneously, As(III) acted as a path-directing ligand, facilitating copper immobilization through disrupting the Cu(I)–Fe(III) redox cycle. Comparative experiments with chemical coagulation demonstrated the superior performance of Fe-EC, while treatment of authentic AMD samples validated its practical applicability. This work provides critical insights into the fundamental interfacial mechanisms governing multi-contaminant removal in Fe-EC systems, offering a mechanistic and engineering foundation for the rational design of efficient electrochemical treatment strategies tailored to the complex chemistry of AMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125452"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of dynamic aerosol and pathogen concentrations on risks of Legionella pneumophila for public showers in Switzerland based on a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework","authors":"Lizhan Tang ,&nbsp;Émile Sylvestre ,&nbsp;Kerry A. Hamilton ,&nbsp;Frederik Hammes ,&nbsp;Timothy R. Julian","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>L. pneumophila</em> is a waterborne respiratory pathogen that causes Pontiac Fever and Legionnaires' disease, two clinically significant diseases with increasing incidence in Europe. In this study, we develop a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) framework on the risks of infection from showering in <em>L. pneumophila-</em>contaminated water supplies to inform health-based concentration targets and water quality monitoring programs. The developed QMRA model extends on previous work investigating the relationships between concentrations of <em>L. pneumophila</em> in water sources and infection, illness, and disease burden by incorporating dynamic pathogen concentrations in water and aerosol concentrations, extending the prior reliance on assumptions of constant, average concentrations over the exposure duration. When applying this approach to data collected from within a building in Switzerland at risk for legionellosis cases, we show that initial high concentrations of <em>L. pneumophila</em> in water and aerosols from hot showers contribute to risks above a commonly used benchmark for the acceptable infection risk (10^–4 infections per person per year) within the first 1–2 min of showers. Extending the model to estimate critical concentrations of <em>L. pneumophila</em> suggests concentrations at or above 2.5 × 10³ CFU/L to 1.6 × 10⁶ CFU/L for first draw samples and 2.5 × 10¹ CFU/L to 1.0 × 10³ CFU/L for samples obtained after flushing would increase infection risks above the benchmark, dependent on site-specific conditions including water temperature and shower head type. These critical values align with, but are less stringent than, values reported by previous studies for showers due to our consideration of dynamic aerosol concentrations. Sensitivity analysis suggests that controlling <em>L. pneumophila</em> concentrations in water is the most effective risk mitigation strategy. Ventilation to reduce risks is dependent on shower conditions but may be less effective. The QMRA model finds that consideration of dynamic <em>L. pneumophila</em> concentrations in water improves exposure estimates and therefore improve the risk assessment, informing the benefits of sampling strategies that assess both first draw and flush samples in routine water monitoring programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125451"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of Urban and Rural Contexts in the Application of Wastewater Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance: A systematic review","authors":"Sarah Price, Loc Nguyen, Vineeth Manthapuri, Kyra Sigler, Petra Choi, Clayton Markham, Amanda Darling, Ivan Odur, Amy Pruden, Leigh-Anne Krometis","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125450","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater surveillance (WWS) can reveal community health trends through targeted monitoring of sewage. Given concerns regarding the global dissemination of drug-resistant infections, there is growing integration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in WWS infrastructure. However, most WWS has focused on highly urbanized sewersheds in resource-rich areas, which may exacerbate disparities in disease burdens and clinical datasets.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonally different toxicity drivers in a river system revealed by insights from POCIS, bioassays, and suspect screening","authors":"Hyungjoon Im ,&nbsp;Yegyun Choi ,&nbsp;Kimberly Etombi Muambo ,&nbsp;Yunho Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Eun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To determine whether hydrological extremes alter the toxicological modes of action of riverine contaminant mixtures, an integrated framework combining passive sampler, <em>in-vivo</em> and <em>in-vitro</em> bioassays, and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect screening was applied. POCIS were deployed in the Nakdong River of South Korea under contrasting monsoon-driven summer runoff and winter low-flow conditions. Seasonal mixtures differed not only in composition but also in biological mechanisms: summer extracts induced acute toxicity and activation of receptor-mediated endpoints (AR, ER, PPARγ, PXR), whereas winter extracts showed minimal acute toxicity but strong oxidative stress response (Nrf2), consistent with effluent-dominated chronic exposure. Across polarity-based fractions, the polar fraction (F4) accounted for the majority of observed bioactivities. Suspect screening identified 111 chemicals with a clear seasonal differentiation, with pesticides and UV filters prevailing in summer and pharmaceuticals in winter. To address the identification gap in effect-directed analysis, a quantitative potency-balance approach integrating bioanalytical equivalents (BEQ_bio) and chemically predicted equivalents (BEQ_chem) identified telmisartan as a major contributor to PPARγ activity. These findings demonstrate that hydrological regime shifts can drive mechanistic changes in mixture toxicity and highlight the value of potency-based EDA for linking biological effects to causative chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125453"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source-dependent composition and reactivity of effluent organic matter regulating disinfection byproduct formation and cytotoxicity","authors":"Liang Zeng ,&nbsp;Penghui Du ,&nbsp;Guoping Chen ,&nbsp;Junwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Run Zhou ,&nbsp;Dong Ren ,&nbsp;Junjian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effluent organic matter (EfOM) is a key precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), posing major challenges to the safe reuse of treated wastewater. However, the molecular composition and chlorine reactivity of EfOM are expected to differ substantially across industrial and municipal sources, yet their impacts on DBP formation and toxicity remain unclear. Here, effluents from 17 sources, representing electronic, pharmaceutical, food, hospital, and municipal sewage wastewaters, were characterized using spectrofluoroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), coupled with chlorination and bioassay experiments. Compared to sewage EfOM, pharmaceutical, food, and hospital wastewater EfOM showed comparable aromaticity, molecular size, and DBP yields and toxicity after chlorination. However, electronic wastewater EfOM exhibited much lower aromaticity and higher proportions of protein- and lipid-like compounds, resulting in lower trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile yields and lower cytotoxic DBP mixture after chlorination. Molecular formulas such as C₁₇H₃₄O₅, C₁₃H₂₀O₁₁, C₂₃H₃₂O₇S, C₁₂H₂₄O₄, and C₁₄H₂₀O₃S were unique to electronic, pharmaceutical, food, hospital, and sewage wastewaters in FT-ICR MS analysis, suggesting their potential as source-specific molecular markers. Although the trihalomethane yield correlated with organic matter aromaticity as previously reported, the relations between other DBP yields and organic matter characteristics differed from those reported for natural organic matter, suggesting different chlorine reactivity of EfOM from that of natural organic matter. These findings establish a molecular basis linking EfOM composition to DBP formation and toxicity, highlighting the need for source-specific risk assessment and control strategies in wastewater reuse management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125446"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed neural networks in water and wastewater systems: a critical review","authors":"Antonino Di Bella, Maziar Raissi, Domenico Santoro, Paolo Roccaro","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floating macrophyte growth and decomposition greatly affects the exogenous antimony mobility and microbial community functions in water-sediment system","authors":"Jining Li ,&nbsp;Wenwen Dong ,&nbsp;Anqi Kong ,&nbsp;Gelin Wang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Kang Song ,&nbsp;Linghao Kong ,&nbsp;Lizhi Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic antimony (Sb) contamination in aquatic systems poses persistent ecological risks, yet the role of floating macrophyte life-cycle processes in regulating Sb migration and speciation remains poorly understood. In this study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate how the growth and decomposition of <em>Alternanthera philoxeroides</em> (AP) influence Sb mobility and transformation following exogenous Sb(V) input. Results show that Sb was ultimately sequestered in sediments, which acted as a dynamic regulator rather than a passive sink, controlling Sb retention and long-term reactivity. Rapid surface adsorption was followed by progressive downward migration driven by redox-sensitive remobilization and re-adsorption onto deeper mineral phases, with Sb predominantly associated with amorphous and poorly crystalline Fe/Al (hydr)oxides (67.3–84.1%). Growth of AP accelerated Sb removal from the water column mainly through indirect, DOM-mediated sequestration rather than direct plant uptake, while simultaneously enhancing the vertical redistribution of bioavailable Sb within sediments. In contrast, AP removal followed by decomposition caused pronounced physical and biogeochemical disturbances. These disturbances induced transient reducing conditions, organic matter release, and a marked increase in pH (up to 9.14), collectively promoting Sb remobilization and Sb(III) release into the overlying water. As a result, Sb(III) concentrations were up to 67-fold higher than those in the unvegetated control. Exogenous Sb strongly reshaped sediment microbial communities, selectively enriching metal-tolerant taxa such as Actinomycetota (genus <em>Streptomyces</em>) and favoring functional traits related to Sb detoxification and elemental cycling. Metagenomic evidence indicates that Sb resistance, coupled with coordinated C, N, P, and S cycling functions, enables the indigenous microbiome to actively regulate Sb speciation and mobility, particularly under organic matter inputs derived from macrophyte growth and decomposition. These findings demonstrate that floating macrophytes exert process-level control over Sb cycling, with life-cycle–mediated biogeochemical feedbacks governing its mobility, speciation, and persistence in water–sediment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125448"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplifying endogenous arsenic flux: The role of sediment bulking driven by organic matter mineralization","authors":"Xiangyu He ,&nbsp;Wenming Yan ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Minjuan Li ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongbo Yu ,&nbsp;Junliang Jin ,&nbsp;Zengchuan Dong ,&nbsp;Tingfeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediments serve as a major reservoir for endogenous pollutants, but dynamic changes in lake ecosystems could substantially modify sediment properties, and their implications on sediment arsenic (As) behaviors remain insufficiently understood. This study combined field investigations in a natural lake and laboratory experiments to examine As dynamics at the sediment water interface (SWI), using high-resolution dialysis techniques coupled with biochemical analyses. Our results showed that sediment bulking could enhance As release at the SWI. The degradation of organic matter by microbes reduces sediment shear strength, increases porosity through bulking, and alongside the dissolution of iron/manganese minerals, expands the mobility of dissolved As in pore water. Laboratory experiment further confirmed that sediments with high organic matter exhibit reduced shear strength, promoting sediment bulking and pore development, which in turn result in a 93.95% increase in As diffusion flux and a 25.58% increase in release flux. This study highlights the pivotal role of sediment physical deformation in regulating endogenous As dynamics, advances our understanding of As migration and transformation pathways within sediments, and provides a scientific basis for pollution mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125447"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La-mediated green rust for synergistic nitrogen–phosphorus removal and targeted N2 formation regulated by built-in electric field and spin state","authors":"Yibo Zhang, Jun Nan, Chen Liang, Zhencheng Ge, Han Deng, Yanhan Che, Yunhao Pan, Meng Li, Bohan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel air gap membrane absorption structure for ammonium salt crystallization","authors":"Ting Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyao He ,&nbsp;Shuiping Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a vital technology of renewable-nitrogen-fertilizer production, the conventional membrane distillation for ammonia nitrogen recovery from wastewater suffers from two challenges including high energy consumption and low product value, thus necessitating to develop a more efficient technology. Herein, a novel air gap membrane absorption (AGMA) structure was proposed to achieve superefficient ammonia nitrogen recovery and crystallization. To minimize heat loss and water transfer, AGMA was designed as an adiabatic air gap module (thickness=3 mm). The introduction of air gap structure enabled the feed side and the permeate side to maintain constant temperature, where the overall heat flux of AGMA process was 1019 W/m² lower than that of the process without air gap. Meanwhile, the water flux (from the permeate side to the feed side) reached to 1.27 kg/(m² h), and the overall mass transfer coefficient of ammonia (from the feed side to the permeate side) maintained at 2.38×10⁻⁶ m/s, promoting the concentration and crystallization of permeate solution. Importantly, the AGMA process yielded an ultrahigh ammonia separation factor (&gt;200), which exceeded these of typical membrane-based ammonia recovery technologies. Moreover, the AGMA system could stably achieve the recovery of pure ammonium salt crystals in the 60-hour cyclic experiment using liquid digestate as feed solution. Economic analysis confirmed that this system exhibited low energy consumption of approximately 64.35 kJ/mol-NH₃ and a low treatment cost of $2.01/m³-liquid digestate. These results underscore the great potential of the AGMA structure for high-efficiency and low-cost ammonia nitrogen recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125444"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}