The subject of the review is a monograph focusing on looking for the causes and determinants of changes taking place in the education system of sociologists in Poland. In the publication, its author presented the results of theoretical analysis and conducted empirical research. The research is in-depth and consistent in a methodological sense, and the approach to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the most important thematic problems is balanced. The paper presents the leading trends and dynamics of educating Polish sociologists in a comparative aspect, relating to public and private universities. The cognitive and application values of the monograph are the basis for the search for solutions increasing the importance of sociological education in Poland.
{"title":"Recenzja monografii Kształcenie socjologów w uczelniach publicznych i niepublicznych w Polsce autorstwa Krystyny Leśniak-Moczuk","authors":"Danuta Walczak-Duraj","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.15","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the review is a monograph focusing on looking for the causes and determinants of changes taking place in the education system of sociologists in Poland. In the publication, its author presented the results of theoretical analysis and conducted empirical research. The research is in-depth and consistent in a methodological sense, and the approach to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the most important thematic problems is balanced. The paper presents the leading trends and dynamics of educating Polish sociologists in a comparative aspect, relating to public and private universities. The cognitive and application values of the monograph are the basis for the search for solutions increasing the importance of sociological education in Poland.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117044655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although reflection on the nature of philosophy has constituted an integral part of this discipline from its beginnings, the term „metaphilosophy” referring to such a reflection only made its first appearance in the middle of the twentieth century. In the course of discussions concerning the book by C.J. Ducasse about the subject-matter and method of philosophy, the term was introduced in the United States by C.G. Hempel and M. Lazerowitz, and in Poland by M. Choynowski. Subsequently, two different metaphilosophical programs, which disseminated this category, were put forward by Lazerowitz and J. Kalinowski. They had dissimilar objectives and assumptions, though for both of them a crucial problem was the diversity of philosophical conceptions and persistent disagreements in philosophy.
{"title":"Uwagi o genezie i koncepcjach metafilozofii","authors":"Tadeusz Szubka","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.2","url":null,"abstract":"Although reflection on the nature of philosophy has constituted an integral part of this discipline from its beginnings, the term „metaphilosophy” referring to such a reflection only made its first appearance in the middle of the twentieth century. In the course of discussions concerning the book by C.J. Ducasse about the subject-matter and method of philosophy, the term was introduced in the United States by C.G. Hempel and M. Lazerowitz, and in Poland by M. Choynowski. Subsequently, two different metaphilosophical programs, which disseminated this category, were put forward by Lazerowitz and J. Kalinowski. They had dissimilar objectives and assumptions, though for both of them a crucial problem was the diversity of philosophical conceptions and persistent disagreements in philosophy.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116050336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of the paper is to characterize the metaphilosophical paradigm of today’s philosophy.The author argues that contemporary philosophical thought is thoroughly – and in a complexsense – metaphilosophical in nature. Namely, it takes the form of philosophy’s reflection on itselfpracticed after its end, but still from within philosophy. Understood in this way, metaphilosophyunifies the formal-spatial and temporal meanings of the prefix “meta-” as well as the two correspondingspecific paradigms of metaphilosophy: philosophy of philosophy and post-philosophy. In orderto substantiate this hypothesis, (1) the Hegelian historical-philosophical position, which marks thefinal moment of classical philosophy, is first presented, and on its basis the situation of contemporarythought, which is determined by the problem of the future of philosophy, is outlined. (2) Then the“early” and “late” philosophy of Martin Heidegger, which belongs to the metaphilosophical epochof post-classical philosophy, is discussed. (3) This ultimately allows the author not only to drawconclusions about the condition of philosophy today, but also to outline an original context fora potentially fruitful confrontation between these two authors, which is the second aim of the paper.
{"title":"Metafilozofia, czyli o filozofii po filozofii (choć nadal z jej wnętrza) – na przykładzie refleksji historycznofilozoficznej Hegla i Heideggera","authors":"Cyprian Gawlik","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.9","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the paper is to characterize the metaphilosophical paradigm of today’s philosophy.The author argues that contemporary philosophical thought is thoroughly – and in a complexsense – metaphilosophical in nature. Namely, it takes the form of philosophy’s reflection on itselfpracticed after its end, but still from within philosophy. Understood in this way, metaphilosophyunifies the formal-spatial and temporal meanings of the prefix “meta-” as well as the two correspondingspecific paradigms of metaphilosophy: philosophy of philosophy and post-philosophy. In orderto substantiate this hypothesis, (1) the Hegelian historical-philosophical position, which marks thefinal moment of classical philosophy, is first presented, and on its basis the situation of contemporarythought, which is determined by the problem of the future of philosophy, is outlined. (2) Then the“early” and “late” philosophy of Martin Heidegger, which belongs to the metaphilosophical epochof post-classical philosophy, is discussed. (3) This ultimately allows the author not only to drawconclusions about the condition of philosophy today, but also to outline an original context fora potentially fruitful confrontation between these two authors, which is the second aim of the paper.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"35 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116647276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is a comparative study of selected elements of three philosophical positions which arose on the theoretical underpinning of the concept of transcendental idealism: Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s Theory of Knowledge, Edmund Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, and Marek J. Siemek’s transcendental philosophy. The primary aims of the study are to examine the epistemological assumptions underlying the three positions, and then critically reconstruct and bring into focus their metaphilosophical component. The article seeks to corroborate the titular thesis that transcendentalism as an epistemological position provides the concepts discussed here with a theoretical framework for a radically conceived interpretation of metaphilosophical discourse.
{"title":"Transcendentalizm jako podstawa projektu zradykalizowanego dyskursu metafilozoficznego","authors":"Andrzej Wawrzynowicz","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a comparative study of selected elements of three philosophical positions which arose on the theoretical underpinning of the concept of transcendental idealism: Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s Theory of Knowledge, Edmund Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, and Marek J. Siemek’s transcendental philosophy. The primary aims of the study are to examine the epistemological assumptions underlying the three positions, and then critically reconstruct and bring into focus their metaphilosophical component. The article seeks to corroborate the titular thesis that transcendentalism as an epistemological position provides the concepts discussed here with a theoretical framework for a radically conceived interpretation of metaphilosophical discourse.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117016012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theme of this paper is Leszek Nowak’s reconstruction and systematization of metaphilosophy of the negativistic unitarian metaphysics described in Being and Thought in four volumes, published in the years 1998, 2004, 2007, 2019. The goal of the article is to contribute to the discussion on the status of metaphilosophy. Metaphilosophy is understood here as a separate dimension of every philosophical conception determining, on the one hand, how we understand the realm of objects (what we postulate), on the other hand, how we choose methods for the construction of theories and ways to legitimize them. The author tries to show that Nowak’s metaphilosophy assumed in negativistic unitarian metaphysics meets exactly this definition of metaphilosophy.
{"title":"Metafilozofia negatywistycznej metafizyki unitarnej Leszka Nowaka","authors":"K. Kiedrowski","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.8","url":null,"abstract":"The theme of this paper is Leszek Nowak’s reconstruction and systematization of metaphilosophy of the negativistic unitarian metaphysics described in Being and Thought in four volumes, published in the years 1998, 2004, 2007, 2019. The goal of the article is to contribute to the discussion on the status of metaphilosophy. Metaphilosophy is understood here as a separate dimension of every philosophical conception determining, on the one hand, how we understand the realm of objects (what we postulate), on the other hand, how we choose methods for the construction of theories and ways to legitimize them. The author tries to show that Nowak’s metaphilosophy assumed in negativistic unitarian metaphysics meets exactly this definition of metaphilosophy.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main idea of the text is the issue of philosophy referring to the metaphilosophy that is connected with it. The problem of separating metaphilosophy as a separate philosophical discipline was analysed. Attention was paid to the relations occurring between metaphilosophies of their own philosophies and the metaphilosophy as a separate discipline. Various interpretations of metaphilosophy research issues based on different theoretical perspectives were presented. The issue of treating metaphilosophies as a place of reference for the philosophical thought was raised, and issue of their rationality. In conclusion, a project of an exclusive form of second degree philosophy was presented.
{"title":"Filozofia jest możliwa tylko w klimacie rozstrzygnięć metafilozoficznych","authors":"Maciej Woźniczka","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.7","url":null,"abstract":"The main idea of the text is the issue of philosophy referring to the metaphilosophy that is connected with it. The problem of separating metaphilosophy as a separate philosophical discipline was analysed. Attention was paid to the relations occurring between metaphilosophies of their own philosophies and the metaphilosophy as a separate discipline. Various interpretations of metaphilosophy research issues based on different theoretical perspectives were presented. The issue of treating metaphilosophies as a place of reference for the philosophical thought was raised, and issue of their rationality. In conclusion, a project of an exclusive form of second degree philosophy was presented.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper offers a reconstruction and re-evalutation of the philosophy of history developed by Li Dazhao (1889–1927) – one of the first Chinese Communists. It is argued that despite its marginal treatment in scholarly literature, Li’s philosophy stands out from the thought of other Chinese Marxists for its creative interpretation of historical materialism and a critical engagement with Marx’s view of class struggle and the economic base. Furthermore, in his philosophy of history, Li Dazhao innovatively draws on the Confucian idea of Great Unity (datong), Daoist criticism of heroism, and, most importantly, the concept of ‘life’ in Lebensphilosophie. In addition, the article shows that Li’s view of the historical process was consistently complemented with an exceptional meta-philosophy of history and the philosophy of historiography which shared the premises of the much later narrativist epistemology of history.
{"title":"The living past and self-made future: Li Dazhao’s metaphilosophy of history","authors":"Dawid Rogacz","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper offers a reconstruction and re-evalutation of the philosophy of history developed by Li Dazhao (1889–1927) – one of the first Chinese Communists. It is argued that despite its marginal treatment in scholarly literature, Li’s philosophy stands out from the thought of other Chinese Marxists for its creative interpretation of historical materialism and a critical engagement with Marx’s view of class struggle and the economic base. Furthermore, in his philosophy of history, Li Dazhao innovatively draws on the Confucian idea of Great Unity (datong), Daoist criticism of heroism, and, most importantly, the concept of ‘life’ in Lebensphilosophie. In addition, the article shows that Li’s view of the historical process was consistently complemented with an exceptional meta-philosophy of history and the philosophy of historiography which shared the premises of the much later narrativist epistemology of history.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125012855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metaphilosophy as a research discipline is concerned with the overall metatheoretical reflection of philosophy on its own subject matter, assumptions, methodology, and goals guiding this form of human intellectual activity. The aim of this article is to present a cross-sectional analysis of the main stages in the historical development of this discipline, and offer a general characterization of the current state of research. The means to achieving this goal of study is a confrontation between two partly competitive and partly complementary paradigmatic approaches to metaphilosophical reflection which currently determine a relatively wide range of interests in this theoretically promising and heuristically fertile field of philosophical analysis.
{"title":"Paradygmaty metafilozofii – historia i współczesność","authors":"Andrzej Wawrzynowicz","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.1","url":null,"abstract":"Metaphilosophy as a research discipline is concerned with the overall metatheoretical reflection of philosophy on its own subject matter, assumptions, methodology, and goals guiding this form of human intellectual activity. The aim of this article is to present a cross-sectional analysis of the main stages in the historical development of this discipline, and offer a general characterization of the current state of research. The means to achieving this goal of study is a confrontation between two partly competitive and partly complementary paradigmatic approaches to metaphilosophical reflection which currently determine a relatively wide range of interests in this theoretically promising and heuristically fertile field of philosophical analysis.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127232868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents two different conceptions of metaphysics – scientistic and neoscholastic – developed in the 20th century by, among others, Polish philosophers: Stanisław Kamiński, Mieczysław Gogacz, Tadeusz Czeżowski and Zygmunt Zawirski. These authors refer to the problem of the possibility of conducting metaphysical research in contemporary philosophy. In this context, they examine issues such as the method, subject, and specificity of research carried out within metaphysics. In the summary, the discussed conceptions are compared with each other. The basic issues determining the similarities and differences between respective positions are the problem of the autonomy of metaphysics in relation to other sciences and the issue of the starting point (source of preliminary data) of metaphysical research. Findings regarding the latter issue turn out to be crucial for resolving the question of the appropriate model for research in metaphysics.
{"title":"Dwie koncepcje badań metafizycznych rozwijane w XX wieku w filozofii polskiej","authors":"Dominik Marciniak","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents two different conceptions of metaphysics – scientistic and neoscholastic – developed in the 20th century by, among others, Polish philosophers: Stanisław Kamiński, Mieczysław Gogacz, Tadeusz Czeżowski and Zygmunt Zawirski. These authors refer to the problem of the possibility of conducting metaphysical research in contemporary philosophy. In this context, they examine issues such as the method, subject, and specificity of research carried out within metaphysics. In the summary, the discussed conceptions are compared with each other. The basic issues determining the similarities and differences between respective positions are the problem of the autonomy of metaphysics in relation to other sciences and the issue of the starting point (source of preliminary data) of metaphysical research. Findings regarding the latter issue turn out to be crucial for resolving the question of the appropriate model for research in metaphysics.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124426009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the author reflects on Big Data analytics in the context of the problem of cognitive representation. There are many voices declaring that the era of Big Data has brought a radical breakthrough in human cognitive abilities. Some – especially in the world of business and marketing, and to a lesser extent in the field of science – argue that for the first time we can reach a clean, objective picture of reality and keep track of its changes. The article is a critical commentary to this thesis. In Big Bata analytics, cognitive activities are assessed not from the point of view of their compliance with reality, but the possibility of achieving set goals. Big Data mining can be, and often is, an important tool for reality control and forecasting – which does not mean it can discover objective truth and create accurate representations of reality.
{"title":"Big data a problem reprezentacji poznawczej","authors":"Łukasz Iwasiński","doi":"10.14746/cis.2022.53.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author reflects on Big Data analytics in the context of the problem of cognitive representation. There are many voices declaring that the era of Big Data has brought a radical breakthrough in human cognitive abilities. Some – especially in the world of business and marketing, and to a lesser extent in the field of science – argue that for the first time we can reach a clean, objective picture of reality and keep track of its changes. The article is a critical commentary to this thesis. In Big Bata analytics, cognitive activities are assessed not from the point of view of their compliance with reality, but the possibility of achieving set goals. Big Data mining can be, and often is, an important tool for reality control and forecasting – which does not mean it can discover objective truth and create accurate representations of reality.","PeriodicalId":444061,"journal":{"name":"Człowiek i Społeczeństwo","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127172723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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