Abstract The present paper compares the results obtained from the analysis of intervocalic /d/ in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria with those of other PRESEEA research groups (four Spanish groups and a Latin American one). The Spanish of the Canary Islands is placed, as in other phenomena, halfway between Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. In this process of weakening, interdialectal differences in the degree of deletion of /d/ in participles and the determiner todo stand out, together with some virtually Panhispanic characteristics. The differences in the weakening of the obstruent in these two contexts are closely related to the frequency of their use in the different communities.
摘要本文将Las Palmas de Gran Canaria的intervocal/d/分析结果与其他PRESEA研究小组（四个西班牙小组和一个拉丁美洲小组）的结果进行了比较。加那利群岛的西班牙语和其他现象一样，位于半岛西班牙语和拉丁美洲西班牙语之间。在这一弱化过程中，分词中/d/的缺失程度和限定词todo的语际差异凸显出来，同时还有一些实际上是泛西语的特征。在这两种情况下，障碍物弱化的差异与它们在不同社区的使用频率密切相关。
{"title":"The weakening of intervocalic /d/ in the Spanish of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","authors":"J. Padilla, Marta Samper Hernández","doi":"10.1075/sic.00057.sam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00057.sam","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper compares the results obtained from the analysis of intervocalic /d/ in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria with those of other PRESEEA research groups (four Spanish groups and a Latin American one). The Spanish of the Canary Islands is placed, as in other phenomena, halfway between Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. In this process of weakening, interdialectal differences in the degree of deletion of /d/ in participles and the determiner todo stand out, together with some virtually Panhispanic characteristics. The differences in the weakening of the obstruent in these two contexts are closely related to the frequency of their use in the different communities.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Antonio Moya Corral, María de la Sierra Tejada Giráldez
Abstract Studies on the Andalusian variety carried out in the last decades have allowed us to know, with some precision, the way in which certain factors condition the operation. The objective of this paper is to determine if some of these changes are subject to common behaviour. In our research, we focus on the changes that have some kind of prestige and we left aside the non-prestigious ones. The results have shown us a big difference between changes that operate from the top down to the bottom and those that, on the contrary, operate from the bottom upwards. This first group of changes, in addition to having a wide range of prestige and being in agreement with the national standard, these changes are relatively new. In fact, they were driven by a generation subjected to extremely marked social pressures. Currently, these prestigious processes are common throughout the entire dialect, although the rate in which they arrive on the social strata differs depending on the geographical zone. By contrast, the changes that operate from the bottom upwards are not new, they have local prestige, and they present different solutions in different geographical areas.
{"title":"Patterns of the linguistic change in Andalusia","authors":"Juan Antonio Moya Corral, María de la Sierra Tejada Giráldez","doi":"10.1075/sic.00056.moy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00056.moy","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Studies on the Andalusian variety carried out in the last decades have allowed us to know, with some precision, the way in which certain factors condition the operation. The objective of this paper is to determine if some of these changes are subject to common behaviour. In our research, we focus on the changes that have some kind of prestige and we left aside the non-prestigious ones. The results have shown us a big difference between changes that operate from the top down to the bottom and those that, on the contrary, operate from the bottom upwards. This first group of changes, in addition to having a wide range of prestige and being in agreement with the national standard, these changes are relatively new. In fact, they were driven by a generation subjected to extremely marked social pressures. Currently, these prestigious processes are common throughout the entire dialect, although the rate in which they arrive on the social strata differs depending on the geographical zone. By contrast, the changes that operate from the bottom upwards are not new, they have local prestige, and they present different solutions in different geographical areas.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41484005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Díaz Montesinos, Florentino Paredes García
Abstract This paper describes the linguistic situation of pronominal clitics used as direct objects (DO) in two Spanish speech communities, Malaga and Madrid, which use, respectively, the etymological system and referential system, the two basic clitic systems that have been described for Spanish. The initial hypothesis is that both communities are undergoing a process of convergence with the educated pan-Hispanic model, which permits leismo (use of le) with a masculine, singular person. Thus, the analyses successively restricted the corpus of clitics with the aim of determining how linguistic and social conditions affect each type of leismo: apparent and real leismo, leismo with things, leismo with a feminine person, leismo with animals, leismo with a masculine, plural person, and leismo with a masculine, singular person.
{"title":"Convergence and divergence in the use of third-person atonic pronouns in Madrid and Malaga","authors":"Francisco Díaz Montesinos, Florentino Paredes García","doi":"10.1075/sic.00058.dia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00058.dia","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes the linguistic situation of pronominal clitics used as direct objects (DO) in two Spanish speech communities, Malaga and Madrid, which use, respectively, the etymological system and referential system, the two basic clitic systems that have been described for Spanish. The initial hypothesis is that both communities are undergoing a process of convergence with the educated pan-Hispanic model, which permits leismo (use of le) with a masculine, singular person. Thus, the analyses successively restricted the corpus of clitics with the aim of determining how linguistic and social conditions affect each type of leismo: apparent and real leismo, leismo with things, leismo with a feminine person, leismo with animals, leismo with a masculine, plural person, and leismo with a masculine, singular person.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45736278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper aims to present one of the most relevant linguistic phenomena of spoken Spanish on both sides of the Atlantic. The singular/plural forms of the verb haber with existential meaning have received considerable attention due to the fact that it is a linguistic variable that changes according to the variety of Spanish that is used. We report the findings from the research carried out within three speech communities: Valencia, Las Palmas and Mexico City, analysing the internal and external factors that may explain this linguistic variation. For this study we have selected these communities because all the data have been obtained according to the guidelines proposed in the PRESEEA (Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and from America). The results are the product of rigorous statistical analysis and allow us to illustrate the processes of convergence or divergence.
{"title":"The agreement of existential haber in three varieties of spoken Spanish","authors":"M. B. G. Devís, José Molina","doi":"10.1075/sic.00059.gom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00059.gom","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to present one of the most relevant linguistic phenomena of spoken Spanish on both sides of the Atlantic. The singular/plural forms of the verb haber with existential meaning have received considerable attention due to the fact that it is a linguistic variable that changes according to the variety of Spanish that is used. We report the findings from the research carried out within three speech communities: Valencia, Las Palmas and Mexico City, analysing the internal and external factors that may explain this linguistic variation. For this study we have selected these communities because all the data have been obtained according to the guidelines proposed in the PRESEEA (Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and from America). The results are the product of rigorous statistical analysis and allow us to illustrate the processes of convergence or divergence.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43322056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Molina Martos, Florentino Paredes García, A. M. C. Mancera
{"title":"Sociolinguistic patterns and processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish","authors":"Isabel Molina Martos, Florentino Paredes García, A. M. C. Mancera","doi":"10.1075/sic.17.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.17.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the consonants (s) and (d) in the coda position in the city of Madrid, within the framework of the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA). The purpose is to illustrate how varieties of southern Castilian Spanish and those from the central and northern Peninsula converge and diverge, taking into consideration the social, political, and economic parameters that affect said processes. The diversity of patterns that coexist in the Madrid speech community reflects the city’s historic social complexity, the varied geographical origins of its migrant population, the interests that motivate each community of practice, as well as other circumstances that influence the direction of change. The analysis of (s) and (d) in coda illustrates the way in which the dynamics of variation and change in Madrid fluctuate between two poles: standardization and regionalization, the same two axes around which the community’s sociolinguistic patterns revolve.
{"title":"Between dialect and standard","authors":"Isabel Molina Martos","doi":"10.1075/sic.00055.mol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00055.mol","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the consonants (s) and (d) in the coda position in the city of Madrid, within the framework of the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA). The purpose is to illustrate how varieties of southern Castilian Spanish and those from the central and northern Peninsula converge and diverge, taking into consideration the social, political, and economic parameters that affect said processes. The diversity of patterns that coexist in the Madrid speech community reflects the city’s historic social complexity, the varied geographical origins of its migrant population, the interests that motivate each community of practice, as well as other circumstances that influence the direction of change. The analysis of (s) and (d) in coda illustrates the way in which the dynamics of variation and change in Madrid fluctuate between two poles: standardization and regionalization, the same two axes around which the community’s sociolinguistic patterns revolve.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44731011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvana Guerrero González, Javier González Riffo, Silvana Arriagada Anabalón
Abstract This investigation revises the use of the narrative present in the materials of the PRESEEA corpus. Based on 54 sociolinguistic interviews, the convergence and divergence of this phenomenon’s use is studied in the Spanish varieties from Santiago, Chile, and Mexico City. We attempt to study variation according to the individuals, economic factors and the presence of syntactic-discursive introductors before verbs, following the methodological guidelines of the Guia de estudios del presente narrativo en los corpus PRESEEA (Guerrero and Arriagada, 2017). In this way, we intend to answer two general questions: (a) why are there individuals who use the narrative present more than others and (b) what functions serve such resource within the narratives in sociolinguistic interviews.
{"title":"Narrative present in the Spanish of Santiago, Chile","authors":"Silvana Guerrero González, Javier González Riffo, Silvana Arriagada Anabalón","doi":"10.1075/sic.00062.gue","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00062.gue","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This investigation revises the use of the narrative present in the materials of the PRESEEA corpus. Based on 54 sociolinguistic interviews, the convergence and divergence of this phenomenon’s use is studied in the Spanish varieties from Santiago, Chile, and Mexico City. We attempt to study variation according to the individuals, economic factors and the presence of syntactic-discursive introductors before verbs, following the methodological guidelines of the Guia de estudios del presente narrativo en los corpus PRESEEA (Guerrero and Arriagada, 2017). In this way, we intend to answer two general questions: (a) why are there individuals who use the narrative present more than others and (b) what functions serve such resource within the narratives in sociolinguistic interviews.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49555459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of this article is to extract certain general consequences about social and linguistic-pragmatic conditions in the expression of subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in contemporary urban Spanish. The study examines some of the results obtained in Valencia and Granada, Spain; Mexico City, Mexico; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Caracas, Venezuela; Bogota and Medellin, Colombia; and Montevideo, Uruguay. These works have all analyzed data from the “Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish in Spain and America” (PRESEEA), thus they all share data collected under very similar circumstances (Moreno Fernandez 1996; Cestero Mancera 2012). The presence or the absence of pronominal subjects in Spanish is required in certain contexts, but in most cases they are considered optional. This optionality depends on fixed factors of linguistic nature (such as the grammatical person and number of the subject, or the co-reference between the subject and a previous element) and of social nature (such as age or gender), and on random factors (such as individuals and verbal pieces). The hypotheses to be tested are: (a) there is geographical variation among the cities studied, which is reflected in the rates of overt SPPs (Otheguy & Zentella 2012; Carvalho, Orozco & Shin 2015); (b) social variation is relatively small within each city; (c) the fixed and random linguistic-pragmatic variation is intense within each city and similar among cities; (d) the most relevant factors that activate overt SPPs are related to adequate information management of the anaphoric chains and textual coherence.
{"title":"An approach to subject pronoun expression patterns in data from the “Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish\u0000 in Spain and America”","authors":"Pedro Martín-Butragueño","doi":"10.1075/sic.00060.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00060.mar","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this article is to extract certain general consequences about social and linguistic-pragmatic conditions in the expression of subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in contemporary urban Spanish. The study examines some of the results obtained in Valencia and Granada, Spain; Mexico City, Mexico; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Caracas, Venezuela; Bogota and Medellin, Colombia; and Montevideo, Uruguay. These works have all analyzed data from the “Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish in Spain and America” (PRESEEA), thus they all share data collected under very similar circumstances (Moreno Fernandez 1996; Cestero Mancera 2012). The presence or the absence of pronominal subjects in Spanish is required in certain contexts, but in most cases they are considered optional. This optionality depends on fixed factors of linguistic nature (such as the grammatical person and number of the subject, or the co-reference between the subject and a previous element) and of social nature (such as age or gender), and on random factors (such as individuals and verbal pieces). The hypotheses to be tested are: (a) there is geographical variation among the cities studied, which is reflected in the rates of overt SPPs (Otheguy & Zentella 2012; Carvalho, Orozco & Shin 2015); (b) social variation is relatively small within each city; (c) the fixed and random linguistic-pragmatic variation is intense within each city and similar among cities; (d) the most relevant factors that activate overt SPPs are related to adequate information management of the anaphoric chains and textual coherence.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El estudio empírico de la sociofonética del español en contacto con otras lenguas ha aumentado en la última década. Siguiendo con esta área de investigación, el presente estudio examina la aspiración de las oclusivas sordas en el español guatemalteco comparando los factores (extra-)lingüísticos que afectan a la variación en las comunidades monolingües y bilingües (español-kaqchikel), mediante el marco teórico de la sociolingüística comparativa (Poplack y Levey 2010). Los resultados demuestran que, en general, el VOT de esta muestra del español guatemalteco es más largo de lo que se ha descubierto para las variedades sin contacto, pero es paralelo al español en contacto con el maya yucateco (Michnowicz y Carpenter 2013). Aunque, mayoritariamente, los factores lingüísticos afectaron a la variación del VOT, el sexo biológico también resultó relevante. Se discutirán tres puntos clave que señalan la posibilidad de contacto lingüístico como causa, pero se necesitan investigaciones futuras para confirmar definitivamente los efectos del contacto.
{"title":"Un análisis sociofonético de la aspiración de las oclusivas sordas en el español guatemalteco monolingüe y bilingüe\u0000 (español-kaqchikel)","authors":"S. McKinnon","doi":"10.1075/sic.00051.mck","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00051.mck","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 El estudio empírico de la sociofonética del español en contacto con otras lenguas ha aumentado en la última\u0000 década. Siguiendo con esta área de investigación, el presente estudio examina la aspiración de las oclusivas sordas en el español\u0000 guatemalteco comparando los factores (extra-)lingüísticos que afectan a la variación en las comunidades monolingües y bilingües\u0000 (español-kaqchikel), mediante el marco teórico de la sociolingüística comparativa (Poplack y\u0000 Levey 2010). Los resultados demuestran que, en general, el VOT de esta muestra del español guatemalteco es más largo de\u0000 lo que se ha descubierto para las variedades sin contacto, pero es paralelo al español en contacto con el maya yucateco (Michnowicz y Carpenter 2013). Aunque, mayoritariamente, los factores lingüísticos\u0000 afectaron a la variación del VOT, el sexo biológico también resultó relevante. Se discutirán tres puntos clave que señalan la\u0000 posibilidad de contacto lingüístico como causa, pero se necesitan investigaciones futuras para confirmar definitivamente los\u0000 efectos del contacto.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45643710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study analyzes discourse in and about Spanish by presidential hopefuls and their prospective running mates leading up to the 2016 United States presidential election. I utilize Irvine and Gal’s (2000) framework of semiotic processes to reveal how Democratic and Republican politicians implement iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure in order to appeal to their respective bases. Further, I demonstrate how discourse in and about Spanish may be considered marked to one party and unmarked to another. Analysis is based on a 70-item corpus consisting of broadcasted and printed media, as well as content promulgated over social media during this election cycle. In analyzing key discursive moments that focus on “language”, I address national ideologies as well as latinidad and its appropriation. As such, this study contributes to an understanding of the role of Spanish and the Latino electorate within the United States.
{"title":"Spanish in the 2016 U.S. presidential election","authors":"B. Kirschen","doi":"10.1075/sic.18006.kir","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.18006.kir","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes discourse in and about Spanish by presidential hopefuls and their prospective running mates leading up to the 2016 United States presidential election. I utilize Irvine and Gal’s (2000) framework of semiotic processes to reveal how Democratic and Republican politicians implement iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure in order to appeal to their respective bases. Further, I demonstrate how discourse in and about Spanish may be considered marked to one party and unmarked to another. Analysis is based on a 70-item corpus consisting of broadcasted and printed media, as well as content promulgated over social media during this election cycle. In analyzing key discursive moments that focus on “language”, I address national ideologies as well as latinidad and its appropriation. As such, this study contributes to an understanding of the role of Spanish and the Latino electorate within the United States.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45974407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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