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Stress clash in Spanish, Catalan, and Friulian from a prosodic perspective 从韵律的角度看西班牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和弗留利语的重音冲突
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00048.cel
Eugenio Martínez Celdrán, P. Roseano
Abstract In several languages, two stresses cannot appear adjacently in the speech chain, and a variety of solutions have been found to be used to resolve this disfavored juxtaposition. According to various different authors, a common strategy for solving stress clash is the non-realization of the first stress and, typically, a transfer of all stress parameters to the pre-tonic syllable. This study aims to describe how stress clash is solved in three Romance languages (Spanish, Catalan, and Friulian) and two sentence-types (broad focus statements and information-seeking yes-no questions). The first two languages behave similarly, insofar as length and loudness are not stress-supporting parameters, and F0 maintains the general patterns of the type of sentence. Friulian stands out because length is the main stress parameter and tonic syllables are significantly longer, even when there is a stress clash. F0 also follows the general sentence type pattern, with one exception: declarative sentences in NP1, where the pre-tonic syllable is always higher than its corresponding tonic.
在一些语言中,两个重音不能相邻地出现在语音链中,人们已经找到了各种解决方法来解决这种不利的并列。根据不同的作者,解决重音冲突的一种常见策略是不实现第一个重音,通常是将所有重音参数转移到前主音音节。本研究旨在描述在三种罗曼语(西班牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和弗留利语)和两种句子类型(宽泛的焦点陈述句和寻求信息的是-否问题)中如何解决重音冲突。前两种语言的表现相似,因为长度和响度不是支持重音的参数,F0保持句子类型的一般模式。弗留连音之所以突出,是因为长度是主要的重音参数,即使在重音冲突的情况下,主音音节也明显更长。F0也遵循一般的句式模式,只有一个例外:NP1的陈述句,前主音音节总是高于相应的主音音节。
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引用次数: 1
Intonation across two border areas in the North Andean region: Mérida (Venezuela) and Medellin (Colombia) 北安第斯地区两个边境地区的语调:梅里达(委内瑞拉)和麦德林(哥伦比亚)
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00042.dia
Chaxiraxi Díaz, Josefa Dorta, Elsa Mora, Mercedes Muñetón
Abstract The Andes mountain system serves as a natural border throughout several South American countries. This research takes place in the region known as the Northern Andes, in two of the most important cities of the Venezuelan and Colombian Andes: Merida, State of Merida, and Medellin, Department of Antioquia. The main purpose of this study is to establish intonation similarities and differences between these two Andean cities. As a preliminary study, part of the AMPER Project, it examines the F0 as a melodic support. The study has been conducted according to the parameters established in the above-mentioned project. The intention of this research is twofold: First, to accomplish one of the main AMPER goals of performing comparative studies among diverse Romance languages and its varieties; and secondly, to establish possible relationships and differences among language varieties that are in contact, despite being separated by borderlines.
安第斯山脉是几个南美洲国家的天然边界。这项研究发生在被称为北安第斯山脉的地区,委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚安第斯山脉的两个最重要的城市:梅里达州的梅里达和安蒂奥基亚省的麦德林。本研究的主要目的是确定这两个安第斯城市的语调异同。作为AMPER项目的一部分,它对F0作为旋律支持进行了初步研究。本研究是根据上述项目中确定的参数进行的。本研究的目的有两个:第一,完成AMPER的主要目标之一,即在不同的罗曼史语言及其变体之间进行比较研究;其次,在接触的语言变体之间建立可能的关系和差异,尽管它们被边界线隔开。
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引用次数: 0
Prosody: A feature of languages or a feature of speakers? 韵律:语言的特征还是说话者的特征?
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00047.mun
Carmen Muñiz-Cachón
Abstract Social situations of language coexistence have resulted in linguistic manifestations of bilingualism and diglossia, including linguistic interference, lexical loans and code switching. What role does prosody play in social bilingualism? In other words, when contact between different languages is not restricted to the individual but affects an entire speech community, does a dominant prosody exist? Does prosody vary among different linguistic varieties? In order to find an answer to these questions, we hereby show the results of a research project on the prosodic features of Asturian and Castilian spoken in the centre of Asturias. This experimental study is based on the speech of four informants from Oviedo – two men and two women – two of which speak Castilian, while the other two speak Asturian.
语言共存的社会情境导致了双语和双语化的语言表现,包括语言干扰、词汇借用和语码转换。韵律在社会双语中扮演什么角色?换句话说,当不同语言之间的接触不局限于个体,而是影响到整个语言群体时,是否存在主导韵律?韵律在不同的语言变体中是否不同?为了找到这些问题的答案,我们在此展示一项关于阿斯图里亚斯中部阿斯图里亚斯语和卡斯蒂利亚语韵律特征的研究项目的结果。这项实验研究是基于来自奥维耶多的四名告密者的讲话——两男两女——其中两人说卡斯蒂利亚语,另外两人说阿斯图里亚语。
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引用次数: 1
Political vs. linguistic borders 政治与语言边界
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00044.con
Y. C. Martín
Abstract This paper analyses and studies the melodic behavior of five female informants of Mexican origin or descent, three of them residents in the city of Los Angeles in the United States, and two in Mexico, one in Mexico City and the other in Puebla. There are two main objectives: firstly, to contribute to the prosodic description of Mexican Spanish on both sides of the political border between both countries (declarative statements and neutral absolute interrogatives), and secondly, to verify the continuity between the Mexican-American intonation of LA and that of MX Mexican. We followed the methodology developed by the research groups that make up Amper-Mexico and Amper-California Los Angeles, within the framework of the international AMPER project.
摘要本文分析和研究了五名墨西哥裔女性线人的旋律行为,其中三人居住在美国洛杉矶市,两人在墨西哥,一人在墨西哥城,另一人在普埃布拉。主要有两个目标:第一,有助于对墨西哥西班牙语在两国政治边界两侧的韵律描述(陈述性陈述和中立的绝对疑问句),第二,验证LA的墨西哥裔美国人语调与MX Mexican的墨西哥裔美国语调之间的连续性。我们遵循了由Amper Mexico和Amper California Los Angeles组成的研究小组在国际Amper项目框架内开发的方法。
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引用次数: 1
F 0 declination of intonation groups in Spanish and in Mandarin Chinese 西班牙语和汉语普通话语调组的衰落
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00049.yao
Jun Yao
Abstract Mandarin Chinese and Spanish are the first two languages in the world by number of speakers. The interaction between speakers and thus between the two languages increases day by day. There are more and more Chinese students who study Spanish and Spanish students who study Chinese. At the same time, difficulties arise from the teaching-learning process, particularly with regard to phonetics, and more specifically the intonation, as they are two typologically-different languages. However, there exist very few comparative studies between them. This article seeks to explore the global declination of intonation groups in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese and we found similarities and differences between these two languages. To do this, we created a corpus of 278 isolated and unmarked sentences and 140 neutral paragraphs in Mandarin Chinese (totally 651 sentences), while in Spanish we used data from previous studies. The corpus was recorded by nine native speakers, three men and six women. We approached this study from a phonetic point of view and used the Garrido model (Garrido 1996, 2001, 2010) to compare the declination effect on the two languages according to different factors such as sentence type, the position of the intonation group within the utterance and length of the group. We also proposed for future study some possible methods for teaching Chinese and Spanish intonation as a second language.
汉语和西班牙语是世界上使用人数最多的两种语言。说话者之间以及两种语言之间的互动日益增多。学习西班牙语的中国学生和学习汉语的西班牙学生越来越多。与此同时,教学过程中也出现了困难,特别是在语音方面,更具体地说是语调方面,因为它们是两种类型不同的语言。然而,两者之间的比较研究却很少。本文旨在探讨西班牙语和汉语普通话语调群的全球衰落,并发现这两种语言之间的异同。为此,我们创建了一个语料库,其中包含278个独立的、未标记的句子和140个中性段落(共651个句子),而在西班牙语中,我们使用了以前研究的数据。语料库由9名母语人士(3名男性和6名女性)录制。我们从语音学的角度进行研究,使用Garrido模型(Garrido 1996,2001, 2010),根据句子类型、语调组在话语中的位置、语调组的长度等不同因素,比较两种语言的衰落效应。我们还提出了一些将汉语和西班牙语作为第二语言进行语调教学的方法,以供今后的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Galician and Spanish in Galicia 加利西亚语和西班牙语
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00046.fer
Elisa Fernández Rei
Abstract The current study analyses the intonation of three types of utterances (broad focus statements, information-seeking yes-no questions and information-seeking wh-questions) in Galician and Spanish, in order to research the effects on the intonation of the prolonged contact between these two languages in Galicia. The main aims are to detect possible hybridisation processes in the intonation of these varieties and determine whether the intonation behaviour is different depending on the language used or on the language profile of the speakers. To that end, this study presents an empirical study which analyses these three types of utterances in Spanish and Galician, produced by 22 informants with different linguistic profiles. The results indicate little variability in the intonation based on the initial and habitual languages of the speakers or the language in which they produce the corpus. However, the existence of some hybrid patterns in wh-questions has been detected. The theoretical implications of these results will be discussed within the framework of hybridisation.
摘要本研究分析了加利西亚语和西班牙语中三种类型话语(广泛焦点陈述、信息寻求是非问题和信息寻求wh问题)的语调,以研究这两种语言在加利西亚长期接触对语调的影响。主要目的是检测这些变体的语调中可能的混合过程,并确定语调行为是否因所使用的语言或说话者的语言特征而不同。为此,本研究提出了一项实证研究,分析了这三种类型的西班牙语和加利西亚语话语,这些话语由22名具有不同语言特征的知情者产生。结果表明,基于说话者的初始语言和习惯语言或他们产生语料库的语言,语调几乎没有变化。然而,wh疑问句中存在一些混合模式。这些结果的理论含义将在杂交的框架内进行讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Rhythmic variability in Spanish/English bilinguals in California 加利福尼亚西班牙语/英语双语者的节奏变化
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00045.rob
Sergio Robles-Puente
Abstract In this study two techniques were used to analyze the linguistic rhythm of Mexican Spanish/English bilinguals in Los Angeles (California): (i)-nPVI, consisting of measurements of durations of successive pairs of vowels, and (ii)-voicing ratios, consisting of a function that calculates the voiced and voiceless portions of the signal. The speech of forty-nine participants in five groups was examined: (G1)-twelve native speakers of English, (G2)-eight Mexican Sp/Eng adult bilinguals who have been in L.A. since childhood, (G3)-eleven Mexican Sp/Eng young bilinguals descendants of immigrants and born in L.A., (G4)-seven Mexican Sp/Eng adult bilinguals who moved to L.A. as adults and (G5)-eleven native speakers of Spanish who have stayed in L.A. for a short period of time. Both methodologies indicate that G1 and G2 show English-like rhythm in both languages while G4 and G5 present Spanish-like rhythm. G3 accommodates rhythm depending on the language. Results reveal how rhythm can suffer attrition and transfer processes depending on the age or length of exposure to the L2. The study also highlights the unique linguistic situation of Los Angeles where members of the Mexican community have different levels of exposure to the Spanish and English languages.
摘要在这项研究中,使用了两种技术来分析洛杉矶(加利福尼亚州)墨西哥西班牙语/英语双语者的语言节奏:(i)-nPVI,由连续元音对的持续时间的测量组成;(ii)-浊音比,由计算信号的浊音和无声部分的函数组成。研究了五组49名参与者的演讲:(G1)-12名以英语为母语的人,(G2)-8名从小就在洛杉矶的墨西哥Sp/Eng成年双语者,(G3)-11名移民后裔在洛杉矶出生的墨西哥Sp-Eng年轻双语者。,(G4)-七名成年后移居洛杉矶的墨西哥西班牙语/英语成人双语者;(G5)-十一名在洛杉矶短期居住的西班牙语母语者。两种方法都表明,G1和G2在两种语言中都表现出类似英语的节奏,而G4和G5则表现出类似西班牙语的节奏。G3根据语言调节节奏。结果揭示了节律如何根据年龄或接触L2的时间长短而受到磨损和转移过程。该研究还强调了洛杉矶独特的语言状况,墨西哥社区的成员接触西班牙语和英语的程度不同。
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引用次数: 2
Ana María Cestero Mancera, Isabel Molina Martos, Florentino Paredes García (eds.). Patrones sociolingüísticos de Madrid 安娜·玛丽亚·塞斯特罗·曼塞拉、伊莎贝尔·莫利纳·马托斯、弗洛伦蒂诺·帕雷德斯·加西亚(编辑)。马德里的社会语言学模式
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00037.cal
Salvatore Callesano
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引用次数: 0
Adjectives in Spanish/English code-switching 西班牙语/英语代码转换中的形容词
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00034.bal
Osmer Balam, Couto M.C. Parafita
The current study investigates DP-internal adjectives in Spanish/English code-switching (CS). Specifically, we analyze two concomitant phenomena that have been previously investigated; namely, the distributional frequency and placement of adjectives in mixed determiner phrases (DPs). A total of 1680 DPs (477 monolingual Spanish and 1203 Spanish/English DPs), extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with 62 consultants from Northern Belize, were quantitatively examined. This paper is the first of its kind to examine adjectives in the innovative Spanish/English CS variety of Northern Belize, an understudied context where bilingual CS has thrived among younger generations. The distributional and statistical analyses revealed that the avoidance of Spanish attributive adjectives and overt gender marking is a distinguishing characteristic of mixed DPs but not monolingual Spanish DPs, a finding that supports Otheguy and Lapidus’ (2003) adaptive simplification hypothesis. In terms of adjective placement, both the Matrix Language Frame model and the Minimalist approach to CS were able to account for mixed noun-adjective DPs, with the exception of a few cases that could only be predicted by the former model. The present analysis highlights the pivotal role that simplification and convergence play in code-switchers’ optimization of linguistic resources in bi/multilingual discourse.
本研究调查了西班牙语/英语代码转换(CS)中的DP内部形容词。具体来说,我们分析了先前已经研究过的两种伴随现象;即形容词在混合限定词短语中的分布频率和位置。从伯利兹北部62名顾问的社会语言学访谈中提取的1680个DP(477个单语西班牙语和1203个西班牙语/英语DP)进行了定量检查。这篇论文是第一篇研究伯利兹北部西班牙语/英语CS变体中形容词的论文,在这一研究不足的背景下,双语CS在年轻一代中蓬勃发展。分布和统计分析表明,回避西班牙语定语形容词和明显的性别标记是混合DP的一个显著特征,而不是单语西班牙语DP,这一发现支持了Otherguy和Lapidus(2003)的适应性简化假说。在形容词的放置方面,矩阵语言框架模型和CS的极简主义方法都能够解释名词-形容词混合DP,只有少数情况只能由前一模型预测。本文的分析强调了简化和收敛在代码转换者优化双语言/多语言话语中语言资源方面的关键作用。
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引用次数: 7
La campaña contra el ‘manspreading’ entre paisaje semiótico y eco mediático 在符号景观和媒体生态之间反对“曼斯普雷丁”的运动
IF 0.5 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.1075/sic.00036.pon
G. Pontrandolfo
El estudio analiza la campaña contra el ‘manspreading’ (el despatarre masculino en el transporte público) como fenómeno semiótico. El punto de partida de la investigación es la decisión de la Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid de poner una pegatina contra el despatarre de los hombres en todos los autobuses madrileños. El tema despierta interés y desata críticas desde distintas posiciones: la supuesta invasión del espacio público por parte de los varones engendra reflexiones acerca del posicionamiento de los hombres y de las mujeres en la sociedad moderna; además, estos gestos de comunicación no verbal y los signos lingüísticos a estos asociados revelan sesgos de género que es interesante observar bajo una perspectiva sociolingüística y multimodal. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, la investigación sienta sus bases en dos ejes: por un lado, los cimientos teóricos del ‘paisaje lingüístico’, al analizar algunas imágenes contra el ‘manspreading’ como productos semióticos sociales de corte multimodal; por el otro, el estudio del discurso enfocado bajo la perspectiva sociolingüística y pragmática, al examinar la resonancia de la decisión en la prensa española.
这项研究将反对“大男子主义”运动作为一种符号学现象进行了分析。调查的出发点是马德里市政交通公司决定在马德里的所有公交车上张贴反对男性驱逐的贴纸。这个话题引起了人们的兴趣,并引发了来自不同立场的批评:男性对公共空间的入侵引发了对男性和女性在现代社会中的地位的反思;此外,这些非语言交流手势和相关的语言符号揭示了性别偏见,从社会语言学和多模态的角度观察是有趣的。从方法论的角度来看,本研究基于两个轴:一方面,“语言景观”的理论基础,分析了一些反对“大亨化”作为多模态社会符号学产品的形象;一方面,本文从社会语言学和语用学的角度对话语进行了研究,考察了西班牙媒体决策的共鸣。
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引用次数: 0
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Spanish in Context
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